Land Use Patterns. Traditional Modern

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2 Street Types Pre WWII: tight street grid, straight connected streets, sidewalks and alleys, block size 400 or < Post WWII: curvilinear streets, cul-de-sacs, few sidewalks, large blocks at 600 or > and super blocks at ½ - 1 mile

3 Land Use Patterns Traditional Modern

4 What s a Complete Street? A system of streets planned, designed, operated and maintained so all legal users may safely, comfortably & conveniently move along & across streets PA 135 of 2010 Photo: The Greenway Collaborative, Inc. All users include: Pedestrians Bicyclists Transit users Motorists Trucks Children Elderly People of various abilities

5 Basic Principles ACCESS Interconnected networks (destinations linked by roads, sidewalks, trails and transit) MOBILITY Full array of facilities (on-street bike lanes, sidewalks, pathways, trails, transit, etc.) SAFETY Facilitate safe movement along and across streets (crosswalks, access management, traffic signals, etc.) CHARACTER Match street design to user needs and context. Photos: The Greenway Collaborative, Inc.

6 Benefits Environmental Reduced greenhouse gas emissions Reduced carbon footprint Less oil dependency Social More active lifestyles Increased mobility and independence Quality of life Economic fewer & less severe crashes this cube represents one ton of CO2, or what the average American puts into the atmosphere every 2 days access to jobs, education placemaking Source: Killing Speed and Saving Lives, UK Dept. of Transportation, London, England 1994.

7 Design Challenges and Considerations On-street parking Parkway width and sidewalk Travel and turn lanes Traffic volume and level of service Pedestrian traffic and traffic calming Truck routes and street function Context Standards (AASHTO, MDOT, etc.)

8 On-Street Parking

9 Parkway and Sidewalk

10 Parkway and Sidewalk

11 Travel and Turn Lanes

12 Travel and Turn Lanes

13 Traffic Volume and LOS

14 Pedestrians and Traffic Calming

15 Pedestrians and Traffic Calming

16 Street Function

17 Context

18 Context Urban Suburban Rural Photos: Burden Illustrations: LSL Planning, Inc.

19 Continuity

20 Team Approach Design Philosophy Quality design creates a quality community with a high standard of living, strong economic investment and a consistent expectation that our work will generate civic pride. Design Team Multi-disciplinary, collaborative effort: Design Engineer, Planning, Traffic Safety, Fire, Water, Sewer, ITP, other interested parties. Review project design features to arrive at the best design solution. Seek to balance multiple (sometimes competing) needs and wants with limited ROW/limited resources.

21 Travel Along Streets Design facilities to accommodate the various users in your community Paved Shoulders Roadside Pathways Bike Lanes & Sidewalks Shared Roadways Rural Applications Urban Applications

22 Division Ave

23 Require Sidewalks

24 Require Bike Parking

25 Policy Considerations Design Priorities (e.g. on-street parking v. bike lane or shared use) Mobility (i.e. bicycle, pedestrian, vehicular priorities) Maintenance (e.g. snowplowing/clearing of streets) Liability (e.g. continuity for non-motorized travel) Funding (e.g. markings, signs, grant applications)

26 Policy Considerations Education and Promotion (e.g. publications, advertising, training) Enforcement (e.g. staff resources) Staffing (i.e. bicycle coordinator) Implementation (i.e. project based versus proactive)

27 Policy Choice Level of Commitment What Can You Do? Match Local Commitment to Policy Choice Pass a Resolution Supporting Complete Streets Adopt a Complete Streets Ordinance Develop / Update Non-Motorized Plan Revise Street Design Standards & Policies Illustrations: LSL Planning, Inc.

28 Michigan Law PA 135 of 2010 (Transportation) Revisions: Requires interjurisdictional consultation on non-motorized projects and 5-year plans Use of established best practices Establish an Advisory Council to Adopt CS policy for MDOT Develop model policies for locals Advise MDOT and locals on implementation Issues MDOT may provide technical assistance and required to share expertise Enables interjurisdictional agreements for maintenance PA 134 of 2010 (Planning) Revisions: Definition of streets expanded to include all legal users Expands elements that may be included in a master plan to include all forms of transportation Specifies that transportation improvements be appropriate to their context Specifies cooperation with road commission and MDOT