Module 5: Navigating Roadways

Transcription

1 Module 5: Navigating Roadways Topic 1: Intersections 1. One out of FATAL crashes occur at intersections. 2. Label the intersection warning signs: 3. When possible, begin searching seconds ahead of the intersection. 4. stops are designed to keep traffic staggered to allow for larger vehicles to complete turns. 5. consists of stopping at a stop sign or line even if view is blocked, then pulling ahead slightly and stopping again where the driver can see better. 6. Right-of-Way is not a right or privilege it must be! 7. An uncontrolled intersection has signs or to regulate traffic flow. 8. First Car Rule: Vehicles approaching an intersection must to the vehicle in the intersection. 9. Same Time Rule: When or more vehicles approach an intersection at approximately the same time, the driver of the vehicle on the shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on the. 10. T-intersection: the vehicles on the street must and the right of way. 11. Traffic : Vehicles entering the traffic circle shall yield to vehicles already in the intersection. 1

2 12. What are the 8 steps you need to follow when turning at an intersection? 13. Turning Right- Check for and. Exit and enter lane. Stop and when turning right on red. 14. Right Turn Risks: Right-of-way rules not followed. Failure to. Failure to search intersections. Failure to stop on red before turning right. Turning too and crossing into adjacent lane. 15. Turning Left- Start in lane. Search travel path and traffic. Check traffic and wait for a safe in traffic. Turn into lane. 16. Left Turn Risks: multiple lanes. Intersecting roadway traffic 17. Protected Left Turn: Vehicles turning left have a arrow. All other traffic has a red light. 18. Roundabouts: intersection where vehicle paths do not cross. Controlled by signs. 2

3 Topic 2: Negotiating Curves 1. Blind Curve: Only the to the curve is visible you have no idea what the rest of the curve looks like or if there s anything in your path of travel. 2. S- Curve: A curve in one direction with a second curve in the direction. 3. Crowned Roadways: Most roadways are higher in the middle and to the outside for better drainage. 4. Banked Curve: The outside of the curve is than the inside. 5. Why do vehicles slow down going uphill and speed up coming downhill? Uphill: is needed to maintain speed. Downhill: vehicles will pick up speed. 6. Warning Signs for Curves: 7. How do you overcome inertia in a curve? Need to overcome inertia If a vehicle loses traction in a curve, the vehicle will continue traveling in a line and the driver will have control. 8. Curve to the left: Approach the curve in Lane Position, as far away as possible from oncoming traffic This position also provides the best point for your line of sight 9. Curve to the right: Assume outside road position on the entry to a right curve (Lane Position ) Allows for a longer distance on entry and a better chance of establishing a sightline to the apex and exit of the curve. 3

4 Topic 3: Hills and Mountains 1. Applying SEEit space management process to hills and mountains: for advisory speed signs, oncoming traffic, road condition/surface traction control and slow moving vehicles Evaluate by determining type of, and make decision about safe and positions. Execute: Adjust and/or position as needed. 2. Driving Uphill Speed Control: Extra may be needed to maintain uphill speed. Slower moving vehicles should travel in the right-hand lane. 3. Cresting the Hill: Limited LOS at a hill. Be prepared for: o Stopped. o moving vehicles. o Oncoming vehicle in lane. Be prepared to adjust or to avoid a hazard. 4. Runaway Ramps: Runaway ramps are designed for trucks that lose braking control on steep hills. They have deep gravel, sand barrels and other materials to help slow down the runaway vehicle. Pull off the road if you see a runaway truck behind you. 4

5 Topic 4: Passing 1. What are the 3 steps in the passing procedure? 2. How to safely change lanes o S o Check M o Look O your shoulder. o G when the way is clear. 3. Pass on the Right: When another vehicle is waiting to make a turn and when multiple lanes are available. 4. When is it illegal to pass? 5. Passing on Multi-Lane Roads: One of the most dangerous maneuvers a driver can attempt. the speed the greater the risk. High volume of traffic increases the chance of collisions. Passing may occur on the left or right. 6. When being passed: check the vehicle s passing position, move away slightly if too close, speed, once passed create space ahead and behind. 5

6 Topic 5: Characteristic of Urban and Rural Roadways 1. Characteristics of urban roads: volumes of traffic. More roadway to interact with. intersections with left and right turn lanes, stop signs and traffic signal lights. Stores and present. 2. Reducing risk on urban roadways: Increase distance. Search ahead, to the and. Move slightly to the and signal early to prevent tailgaters. Slow down as you approach traffic signals and do not block. Select lane with number of hazards. 3. Shared turn lanes. This is designed for vehicles making left turns. You can only travel feet in a shared lane. Move as far left as possible. 4. Characteristics of rural roads: Low volume of traffic and. Road and shoulders may be and of varying surfaces; Few signs, signals and pavement markings. Steep hills and curves; and open bridge gratings, uncontrolled crossings and intersections. 6

7 Topic 6: Expressway Driving 1. Characteristics of Expressways: High Controlled (entry and exit) Divided by barrier lanes going in the same direction Only for motorized vehicles access Higher speeds (up to mph) Designed to carry a lot of traffic and 2. Expressway Numbering: Even Numbers (I-64, I-66) a. Even numbers go b. Even numbers begin in the south and get larger as they move north Odd numbers (I-77, I-81, I-95) a. Odd numbers go b. Odd numbers begin in the west and get larger as they move east 3. 3-digit numbers designate an alternate route: 1st digit is even (I-495) If the first digit is even, the alternate route goes the city. 1st digit is odd (I-395) If it is odd, it leads the city. 4. Ramp: Allows driver time to search for traffic flow and gaps and evaluate speed and space requirements before entering the expressway. 5. Ramp : Entrance ramp traffic lights are designed to distribute traffic onto the expressway when traffic is heavy. Permits one car at a time to enter the expressway. 6. Lane: Used to accelerate, monitor gap, and blend with the speed of traffic on the expressway. 7

8 7. Lane: The merge area provides a designated space to blend into expressway traffic. 8. Weave Lane: A weave lane serves as both an and an lane. Traffic entering and exiting must use the same lane. Conflicts can occur. The driver entering from the entrance ramp should to the driver the expressway. 9. Types of Entrance/Exit Ramps: a. b. c. d. 10. markers show the number of miles from where the Interstate route entered a state. Exit numbers align with mile marker numbers. 11. are groups of drivers traveling together at higher speeds. 12. Exiting an Expressway: Exits are marked with guide, usually one to two miles before the exit. You can determine if an exit is a right exit or a left exit by the position of the exit on the sign. Exit numbers with mile marker numbers. About one-half mile ( seconds) before the exit, signal and move to the lane closest to the exit. 8