ROAD SAFETY AUDIT. County Street at Hart Street. City of Taunton. January 30, Prepared For: Massachusetts Department of Transportation

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1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT County Street at Hart Street City of Taunton January 30, 2015 Prepared For: Massachusetts Department of Transportation Prepared By: Toole Design Group 33 Broad Street, 4 th Floor Boston, MA 02109

2 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts Table of Contents Background... 1 Project Location Description... 2 Project Data... 4 Audit Observations and Potential Enhancements... 4 Summary of Road Safety Audit List of Appendices Appendix A. Appendix B. Appendix C. RSA Meeting Agenda RSA Audit Team Contact List Detailed Crash Data List of Figures Figure 1.Locus Map... 2 List of Tables Table 1 - Participating Audit Team Members... 1 Table 2 - Potential Safety Enhancements... 11

3 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts Background The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) Highway Division Safety Section has conducted a Road Safety Audit (RSA) for the intersection of County Street (Route 140) at Hart Street in Taunton in support of the ongoing design project. An RSA is required to be performed during the design process for any MassDOT related project that includes a high crash location in an effort to reduce the number and severity of fatal and serious injury crashes across the State. The goal of the RSA is to identify safety issues and provide potential enhancements to improve safety for all roadway users. Additionally, the potential enhancements are categorized by timeframe and cost which helps responsible agencies to determine if and when to make proposed implementations. Toole Design Group (TDG) conducted an RSA on Thursday, December 4, The audit was held at the Massachusetts DOT District 5 Headquarters building. Members of the audit team discussed safety issues, conducted a site visit, and determined countermeasures during the audit on the infrastructure and operating conditions of the subject intersection. The members of the audit team comprised of representatives from local, regional, and state agencies ranging from emergency responders to transportation planners and engineers. The members and their affiliations are provided in Table 1. Contact information for the audit team members are provided in Appendix B. Table 1 - Participating Audit Team Members Audit Team Member Agency/Affiliation Cathal O Brien City of Taunton Department of Public Works Water Division Supervisor Fred Cornaglia City of Taunton Department of Public Works Commissioner Tony Abreau City of Taunton Department of Public Works Assistant Commissioner Tim Bradshaw City of Taunton Fire Chief David Warish City of Taunton Police Department Administrative Division Captain Derek Feeney City of Taunton Police Department Assistant Safety Officer Lisa Schletzbaum MassDOT Safety Section Kevin Chiang MassDOT Traffic Operations Bill Travers MassDOT District 5 Project Development Rich Oliveira MassDOT District 5 Projects Edward Feeney MassDOT District 5 Traffic Engineering Brian Chapman MassDOT Project Management Sandra Serpa MassDOT District 5 Lisa Estrela-Pedro Southeast Regional Planning and Economic Development District Jacqueline Schmidt Southeast Regional Planning and Economic Development District Joe Federico BETA Group, Inc. Tyler de Ruiter BETA Group, Inc. Jacqueline Carver Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates Alex Siu Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates Patrick Baxter Toole Design Group Shannon Brown Toole Design Group Page 1

4 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts Project Location Description The study area includes the intersection of County Street at Hart Street in Taunton, Massachusetts, as shown in Figure 1. The intersection is classified as a high crash location based on the MassDOT Top Crash Locations map and confirmed by the crash data for the period between 2009 and County Street is classified by the MassDOT Bureau of Transportation Planning and Development as a minor urban arterial. The roadway is state owned south of the subject intersection, while to the north it is owned by the City of Taunton. According to the MassDOT Transportation Data Management System, 2000 traffic volumes on County Street north of the intersection were 18,600 vehicles per day. Hart Street is classified as an urban collector. West of County Street, 2000 traffic volumes on Hart Street were 9,900 vehicles per day. There are no posted speed limit signs near the intersection. The intersection is signalized with overhead mounted signals on all four approaches. Both the northbound and southbound approaches on County Street provide two through lanes. The eastbound and westbound approaches on Hart Street provide one exclusive right-turn lane and one through/left turn lane. The signal phasing includes a leading left turn phase for the southbound approach and a lagging left turn phase for the northbound approach. There are bus stops (flag stops) that service the 3 and 8 bus routes for the Greater Attleboro Taunton Regional Transit Authority on all four approaches. The intersection provides crosswalks and pedestrian push buttons with an actuated exclusive pedestrian phase. No bicycle facilities are provided on County Street at the study area intersection. A large casino resort development is being planned in the northeast quadrant of the Routes 24 & 140 interchange, approximately 1.2 miles southeast of the intersection. The development is predicted to generate a significant amount of additional daily traffic through this intersection. City staff also noted that the parcel on the southeast corner of the intersection is expected to be redeveloped within the next year with a small commercial building. Page 2

5 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts Figure 1 - Aerial Map of County Street (Route 140) at Hart Street Page 3

6 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts Project Data Audit team members received a meeting packet prior to the RSA including a meeting agenda (Appendix A), study area details, and crash data details. The crash data details and collision diagrams, graphical representation of the crash data, are provided in Appendix C. The audit members were asked to review the packet and visit the RSA study area prior to the meeting. Safety issues were identified by the team at the beginning of the RSA, followed by a field visit to the subject intersections. The audit team finished the meeting by determining appropriate countermeasures for the safety issues discussed. The crash data and collision diagrams were based on crashes that were reported by the Taunton Police Department and occurred between January 2009 and July According to the data, approximately 117 crashes were reported at the intersection during the five year time period. Of those crashes, the majority were angle crashes (43 percent 51 crashes) and rear-end crashes (36 percent-42 crashes). The remaining crashes included head-on crashes (8 percent 9 crashes), sideswipe crashes (8 percent 9 crashes), and single vehicle crashes (5 percent-6 crashes). The most common cause for the crashes was failure to yield right of way (33 percent 39 crashes). Audit Observations and Potential Enhancements During the RSA, the audit team identified the safety issues and discussed potential safety enhancements to address the issues. Several of the safety issues identified by the audit team were: Intersection Geometry and Operations; Traffic Congestion; Intersection Sight Distance; Pedestrian Access; Traffic Signals and Phasing; Bicycle Access ; and Signage. The following sections discuss in detail the safety issues and potential enhancements that were identified during the RSA. Page 4

7 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts Safety Issue #1. Intersection Geometry Observations: The audit team noted that the most common crash types were angle crashes and rear-end. In addition, 28 of the 51 rear-end crashes at the intersection included followed too closely as a factor. Team members noted during the field visit that vehicles typically queue in only the right lane at the County Street approaches even though two through lanes are provided. Drivers may avoid using the left lanes due to the chance of getting stuck behind left turning vehicles during the permissive left turn phase. This may contribute to the 16 left turn; the pattern may Figure 2 - A northbound left turning vehicle also contribute to 2 sideswipe crashes as obstructs the southbound through travel lane. drivers change lanes to bypass left turning vehicles. Audit team members noted that the existing shared left-through lanes are typically operating as defacto left-turn lanes. The negative offset between the opposing lanes results in stopped vehicles on the opposing approach blocking the view of the moving through vehicles in the adjacent right through lane. Furthermore, during the field visit, drivers were observed blocking traffic in the left opposing through lane while waiting to turn. Both of these issues may contribute to the pattern of angle crashes. Team members also noted that the merge distance on County Street departing the intersection is very short, and may contribute to four sideswipe and rear-end crashes. Team members observed vehicles using the right-only turn lanes on Hart Street for through movements rather than waiting behind left-turning vehicles. Team members noted that the Hart Street through movements are confusing as the through-left turn lanes are aligned with the opposite approach left-through lanes, requiring vehicles to shift to the right through the intersection. Anecdotal observations indicate that confusion of the lane configuration could be contributing to the six sideswipe crashes. Potential Enhancements: 1. In the short term, consider restriping all four of the approaches to provide single lane shared through/right and an exclusive left turn lane in each direction. Left turn lanes should be lined up across the intersection to improve sight distance or provide positive offset. 2. Evaluate potential for a roundabout. Team members noted that traffic analysis would be required to determine if a single lane roundabout would operate acceptably. Page 5

8 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts Safety Issue #2. Congestion Observations: The audit team noted that heavy volume during the morning and afternoon peak hours causes long queues and driver frustration. The long queues extending past driveways may contribute to courtesy crashes where a driver in the queue allows a vehicle turning into or out of a driveway to pass through, resulting in a collision with a vehicle going in an adjacent lane; the queues also may block sight distance for turning vehicles. This may contribute to the 24 angle crashes reported at the driveways on the intersection approaches. Figure 3 - Heavy traffic volumes result in long queues. Audit team members noted during the field visit that vehicles making a through movement on Hart Street westbound near the Dunkin Donuts driveway often must wait through multiple cycles behind left-turning vehicles due to high traffic volumes and long queues. Audit members also noted that yellow light sneakers and red light running is common at this intersection and vehicles were observed going through the intersection after the light had changed red, which may contribute to the 20 angle crashes within the intersection. Audit team members noted that crash volumes were highest on Saturdays and during the month of December. Anecdotal observations indicate that nearby shopping areas may contribute to the high off-peak traffic volumes. Potential Enhancements: 1. Adjust signal timing and phasing to reflect current traffic volumes. 2. Review clearance change intervals and adjust if necessary to reduce red light running. 3. Consider increasing police enforcement at the intersection to discourage red light running. 4. As a long term measure, consider adding additional lanes to the intersection approaches to improve capacity and reduce the queue lengths. 5. Ensure that any new driveways constructed in the vicinity of the intersection be placed as far from the intersection as possible, and consider turn restrictions if necessary. Page 6

9 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts Safety Issue #3. Intersection Sight Distance Observations: Team members noted during the field visit that sight distance is blocked by private business signs along the intersection approaches, including the Dunkin Donuts driveway on Hart Street, where sight distance is partially obstructed by the adjacent sign at 136 Hart Street. Of the crashes reported, 20 involved vehicles pulling into or out of driveways. The crash data indicate that there was a drop in crashes from and anecdotal observations indicate that this may have been due to the CVS moving locations. Audit members indicated that drivers may use the CVS driveway to make right turns from Hart Street eastbound to County Street southbound and avoid the intersection. Members of the audit team also noted that the large sign for the business on the northeast corner of the intersection blocks sight distance for vehicles turning right on red from Hart Street eastbound to County Street southbound, which may cause angle crashes if drivers are unable to see to make a safe turn, although none were noted. Right turns on red on this approach may also contribute to the five rear-end crashes on the County Street southbound if drivers are forced to stop suddenly for a turning vehicle that did not see approaching traffic. Potential Enhancements: 1. Move signs that block intersection sight distance. Figure 4 - A business sign blocks sight distance for eastbound vehicles. 2. Install a R10-11 NO TURN ON RED sign on the eastbound intersection approach. 3. Consider restricting the Hart Street Dunkin Donuts driveway to right in/right out. 4. Install R10-7(mod) DO NOT BLOCK DRIVEWAY signs at locations where queues typically block commercial driveways. Page 7

10 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts Safety Issue #4. Pedestrian Access Observations: Audit team members noted that the existing traffic signal does provide ADA accessible pedestrian signals and push buttons but the ramps at all four corners of the intersection are not ADA compliant. Additionally, team members noted that a traffic signal control cabinet blocks more than half of the sidewalk leading to the ramp on the southwest corner of the intersection. This type of restricted pedestrian space is also not ADA compliant. Team members noted that there was one crash reported that involved a pedestrian. Anecdotal observations indicated that impatient right-turning drivers are not willing to wait for pedestrians to cross during the exclusive pedestrian phase. Potential Enhancements: 1. Install ADA compliant curb ramps at all four corners. 2. Conduct enforcement at this intersection for drivers who fail to yield to legally crossing pedestrians. Safety Issue #5. Signal Phasing Observations: Audit team members noted that 51 of the crashes reported were angle crashes, including 15 which involved vehicles turning left from County Street. As previously stated, the southbound approach on County Street receives a leading protected left arrow and the northbound approach has a lagging left arrow. Anecdotal observations indicated that this may contribute to angle crashes at the intersection. The northbound left-turn signal may create the potential for a yellow-trap condition due to the lagging phase, where a southbound vehicle would assume that the Figure 5 - A signal cabinet blocks the sidewalk. Figure 6 - The northbound left turn phase lags after the southbound through phase. northbound signal turns red concurrent with the southbound signal. This may contribute to the three reported crashes between southbound left turning vehicles and northbound through vehicles. During the field visit, team members noted that left turning vehicles from the Hart Street approaches tend to have to wait until the light turns yellow to make the turn, which may Page 8

11 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts contribute to the one crash involving a westbound left turning vehicle and a northbound through vehicle. This may also contribute to the six rear end crashes on the Hart Street approaches. Potential Enhancements: 1. Install signs notifying of the lagging protected left turn on the southbound County Street approach. 2. Restripe the intersection to provide exclusive left turn lanes on all four approaches, which would allow for leading left turn phases on all approaches. 3. Install flashing yellow arrows in order to eliminate a yellow-trap situation if the signal continues to provide a lagging left-turn phase. This would require restriping the roadway to provide exclusive left turn lanes. Safety Issue #6. Bicycle Access Observations: Audit team members noted that there is currently no pedestrian or bicycle master plan for the City of Taunton. During the field visit, no bicyclists were observed traveling through the intersection, and no crashes were reported involving bicyclists. Anecdotal observations noted that there is little bicycle activity near the intersection, likely due to the perceived lack of safety, lack of bicycle facilities, and high traffic volumes. Potential Enhancements: 1. Consider including bike lanes as part of a comprehensive future project for the Hart Street and/or County Street corridors. Safety Issue #7. Signs Observations: Audit team members noted that there is a lack of signage at the intersection. During the field visit, W4-2 lane ends warning signs were observed at the County Street approaches. There is also a W2-1 advance intersection warning sign at the southbound County Street approach and a W3-3 signal warning sign on the northbound County Street approach. Team members noted that there are no lane use signs provided on the approaches, which may lead to sideswipe crashes if drivers make last minute lane changes. The exclusive right turn lanes on Hart Street are only designated by the pavement marking arrows, which may be Figure 7 - State route guide sign is small and poorly located. Page 9

12 Road Safety Audit County Street at Hart Street Taunton, Massachusetts blocked by queued vehicles. Additionally, street name signs for the approaches are not visible at the intersection which could lead to confusion for drivers who are unfamiliar with the area. Team members also noted that the State Route guide sign on the westbound Hart Street approach is small and may not be visible to drivers at the intersection. Confusion due to the lack of lane use and street name signage may contribute to the six sideswipe crashes on the Hart Street approaches. Potential Enhancements: 1. Install R3-8 lane use signs to clarify lane usage and reduce the number of sideswipe crashes. 2. Install a street name sign placard to supplement the W3-3 signal warning sign on the County Street northbound approach. Replace the W2-1 advance intersection warning sign with a W3-3 signal warning sign with a street name placard on the County Street southbound approach. 3. Install mast arm mounted street name signs to improve visibility and reduce driver confusion. 4. Install larger state route guide signs and review placement to improve visibility and reduce driver confusion. Summary of Road Safety Audit Table 2 lists each safety issue and the corresponding potential safety enhancements that were discussed at the audit and within the previous section. The safety issues and potential safety enhancements are divided by location. For each observed safety issue and potential safety enhancement, the table includes the safety payoff, estimated time frame for completion, estimated construction cost, and the responsible agency. Safety payoff estimates are subjective and may be based on the relative percent of crashes that may be reduced by the enhancement; for example, low (<30 percent), medium (31 percent to 70 percent), and high (>71 percent). The time frame is categorized as short-term (<1 year), mid-term (1 to 3 years), or long-term (>3 years). The costs are categorized as low (<$10,000), medium ($10,001 to $50,000), or high (>$50,001). Page 10

13 Road Safety Audit Hart s Four Corners Taunton, Massachusetts Table 2 - Potential Safety Enhancements Safety Issue Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Intersection Geometry Congestion Intersection Sight Distance Pedestrian Access Signal Phasing Restripe all four approaches to provide a single shared through/right and an exclusive left turn lane in each direction. If roadway width allows, provide positive offset left turn lanes. High Short-term Low Responsible Agency MassDOT/ Taunton Evaluate the potential for a modern roundabout. High Short-term Low MassDOT/ Taunton Adjust signal timing and phasing for current traffic volumes. Medium Short-term Low Taunton Review clearance intervals and adjust as necessary. Medium Short-term Low Taunton Consider increasing red light running enforcement Medium Short-term Low Taunton Consider adding lanes to the intersection approaches to improve capacity and safety. Ensure that any proposed driveways are located as far from the intersection as possible and consider turn restrictions. Medium Mid-term High MassDOT/ Taunton Medium Short-term Low Taunton Move signs that block intersection sight distance Medium Short-term Low Owners Restrict the Hart Street Dunkin Donuts driveway to right-in/rightout. Medium Short-term Medium Taunton Install R10-11 NO TURN ON RED sign on the west leg. Low Short-term Low Taunton Install R10-7(mod) DO NOT BLOCK DRIVEWAY signs at commercial driveways Low Short-term Low Taunton Install ADA compliant curb ramps at all four corners Low Short-term Medium Taunton Relocate the signal cabinet to provide ADA compliant sidewalk. Low Long-term Medium Taunton Conduct enforcement for drivers failing to yield to pedestrians Low Short-term Low Taunton Install signs on the southbound approach for the lagging northbound left turn phase. Medium Short-term Medium Taunton Restripe the intersection to provide exclusive left turn lanes on all four approaches in order to allow for leading left turn phases on all approaches. Install flashing yellow arrows and exclusive left turn lanes in order to eliminate a yellow-trap situation if the signal continues to provide a lagging left turn phase. High Short-term Medium MassDOT/ Taunton Medium Mid-term Medium Taunton Page 11

14 Road Safety Audit Hart s Four Corners Taunton, Massachusetts Safety Issue Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Bicycle Access Signs Consider including bike lanes as part of a comprehensive future project for the Hart Street and/or County Street corridors. Low Long-term Medium Install lane use signs. Low Short-term Low Install a street name placard to supplement the W3-3 signal warning sign on County Street northbound. Replace the W2-1 advance intersection warning sign on the southbound approach with a W3-3 signal warning sign and street name placard. Low Short-term Low Responsible Agency MassDOT/ Taunton MassDOT/ Taunton MassDOT/ Taunton Install mast-arm mounted street name signs. Low Short-term Low Taunton Install larger state route guide signs and review placement. Low Short-term Low MassDOT Page 12

15 Road Safety Audit Hart s Four Corners Taunton, Massachusetts Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda

16 Road Safety Audit Taunton, MA County Road (Route 140) at Hart Street (Hart s Four Corners) Meeting Location: MassDOT District 5 Office 1000 County Street, Taunton, MA Thursday, December 4 th, :00 PM 3:00 PM Type of meeting: Attendees: Please bring: 1:00 PM High Crash Location Road Safety Audit Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team Thoughts and Enthusiasm!! Welcome and Introductions 1:15 PM Discussion of Safety Issues Crash history, Speed Regulations provided in advance Existing Geometries and Conditions 2:00 PM Site Visit Drive to Hart s Four Corners As a group, identify areas for improvement 2:30 PM Discussion of Potential Improvements Return to the MassDOT Office Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations 12:00 noon Adjourn for the Day but the RSA has not ended Instructions for Participants: Before attending the RSA on December 4 th, participants are encouraged to drive/walk through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List with a focus on safety. All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the synergy that develops and respect for others opinions are key elements to the success of the overall RSA process. After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the multidisciplinary team.

17 Road Safety Audit Hart s Four Corners Taunton, Massachusetts Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List

18 Road Safety Audit Hart s Four Corners Taunton, Massachusetts Audit Team Members Agency/Affiliation Address Cathal O Brien City of Taunton Department of Public Works cobrien@taunton-ma.gov Fred Cornaglia City of Taunton Department of Public Works fcornaglia@taunton-ma.gov Tony Abreau City of Taunton Department of Public Works tabreau@taunton-ma.gov Tim Bradshaw City of Taunton Fire Chief tbradshaw@tauntonfd.com David Warish City of Taunton Police Department dwarfish@tauntonpd.com Derek Feeney City of Taunton Police Department dfeeney@tauntonpd.com Lisa Schletzbaum MassDOT Safety Section Lisa.schletzbaum@state.ma.us Kevin Chiang MassDOT Traffic Operations Kevin.chiang@dot.state.ma.us Bill Travers MassDOT District 5 Project Development Bill.travers@state.ma.us Rich Oliveira MassDOT District 5 Projects Richard.oliveira@dot.state.ma.us Edward Feeney MassDOT District 5 Traffic Engineering Edward.feeney@state.ma.us Brian Chapman MassDOT Project Management Brian.chapman@state.ma.us Sandra Serpa MassDOT District 5 Sandra.serpa@dot.state.ma.us Lisa Estrela-Pedro Jacqueline Schmidt Southeast Regional Planning and Economic Development District Southeast Regional Planning and Economic Development District lestrela@srpedd.org jschmidt@srpedd.org Joe Federico BETA Group, Inc. jfederico@beta-inc.com Tyler de Ruiter BETA Group, Inc. tderuiter@beta-inc.com Jacquelin Carver Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates jcarver@hshassoc.com Alex Siu Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates asiu@hshassoc.com Patrick Baxter Toole Design Group pbaxter@tooledesign.com Shannon Brown Toole Design Group sbrown@tooledesign.com

19 Road Safety Audit Hart s Four Corners Taunton, Massachusetts Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data

20 Hart Street/County Road Collision Diagram SHEET 1 OF CONT. ON SHEET 4 CONT. ON SHEET CONT. ON SHEET Key Rear-End Overturned 101 Head-on Sideswipe Fixed-Object Parked Vehicle 27 Right Angle Left Turn I.D. Number ## Pedestrian/Bicyclist CONT. ON SHEET Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.

21 Hart Street/County Road Collision Diagram (West of Intersection) SHEET 2 OF 5 CONT. ON SHEET Key Rear-End Head-on Sideswipe Right Angle Left Turn Overturned Fixed-Object Parked Vehicle I.D. Number ## Pedestrian/Bicyclist Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.

22 Hart Street/County Road Collision Diagram (East of Intersection) SHEET 3 OF CONT. ON SHEET 1 Key Rear-End Head-on Sideswipe Right Angle Left Turn Overturned Fixed-Object Parked Vehicle I.D. Number ## Pedestrian/Bicyclist Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.

23 Hart Street/County Road Collision Diagram (North of Intersection) SHEET 4 OF Key Rear-End Head-on Sideswipe Right Angle Left Turn Overturned Fixed-Object Parked Vehicle I.D. Number ## Pedestrian/Bicyclist CONT. ON SHEET 1 Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.

24 Hart Street/County Road Collision Diagram (South of Intersection) SHEET 5 OF 5 CONT. ON SHEET 1 31 Key Rear-End Head-on Sideswipe Right Angle Left Turn Overturned Fixed-Object Parked Vehicle I.D. Number ## Pedestrian/Bicyclist Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc.

25 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CRASH DAY OF WEEK 11% 15% 10% 15% 14% 16% 20% Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday CRASH MONTH 8% 5% 10% 8% 9% 10% 7% 8% 7% 9% 8% 12% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec CRASH TIME OF DAY 19% 30% 28% 18% 3% 3% 6 10 AM 10AM 2PM 2 6PM 6 10PM 10PM 2AM 2 6AM CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION 44% 36% 8% 8% 5% Angle Head on Rear End Sideswipe Single Vehicle Crash

26 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 28% CRASH LIGHT CONDITION 68% 2% 2% Daylight Dusk Unknown 68% 1% CRASH WEATHER CONDITION 17% /Cloudy Cloudy Cloudy/ Sleet/ Hail/ Freezing Rain 1% 4% 6% 2% 2% Cloudy/Rain Rain Snow Unknown 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 80% CRASH ROAD SURFACE 1% 1% Sleet/Hail/Freezing Rain 15% 3% Snow Wet Unknown 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% CRASH DRIVER AGES 26% 17% 15% 16% 14% 9% 3% 2% < >80

27 No. Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition 1 2/6/2009 Friday 2:36 PM Rear End Daylight 2* 3/30/2009 Monday 12:18 AM Single Vehicle Crash Cloudy 3* 5/2/2009 Saturday 12:00 PM Angle Daylight Cloudy Harts Four Corners Crash Data Summary Table Road Surface Severity Driver Contributing Code Comments Wet Exceeded authorized speed limit Veh1 failed to stop in traffic Lost control of vehicle and struck utility pole Veh1 turning left in front of stopped traffic, Veh2 traveling to right side of stopped traffic struck by Veh1 4 5/15/2009 Friday 3:30 PM Rear End Daylight Injury Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh1 5 7/8/2009 Wednesday 6:00 AM Angle Daylight Cloudy/Rain Wet Injury 6* 8/15/2009 Saturday 3:03 AM Angle 7* 8/28/2009 Friday 10:55 PM Angle 8 9/1/2009 Tuesday 7:47 PM Rear End Injury 9 9/16/2009 Wednesday 4:46 PM Angle Daylight 10* 10/3/2009 Saturday 5:23 PM Angle Dusk Rain Wet 11* 10/4/2009 Sunday 5:44 PM Head on Daylight Injury 12 10/9/2009 Friday 2:23 PM Angle Daylight Cloudy/Rain Wet 13 11/14/2009 Saturday 5:47 PM Rear End 14 12/1/2009 Tuesday 8:27 PM Angle 15 12/6/2009 Sunday 11:23 AM Sideswipe, same direction Rain Wet Daylight Cloudy/Rain Wet 16 12/15/2009 Tuesday 2:17 PM Rear End Daylight 17 12/17/2009 Thursday 10:27 PM Head on Injury 18 1/7/2010 Thursday 7:39 AM Rear End Daylight 19 1/25/2010 Monday 7:43 AM Angle Daylight Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings/ Inattention Made an improper turn/ Operating vehicle in reckless manner No improper driving Inattention/ Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings/ Made an improper turn Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings No improper driving No improper driving Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings/ Made an improper turn Inattention Visibility obstructed 20* 2/8/2010 Monday 1:22 PM Rear End Daylight Injury Inattention 21 3/16/2010 Tuesday 5:36 PM Angle Daylight 22 4/24/2010 Saturday 1:22 PM Rear End Daylight Distracted Veh1 ran red light Veh1 stopped in traffic, Veh3 turning left struck Veh2, Veh3 was pushed into Veh1 Veh2 slowed down after turning left and was struck from behind Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh1 was struck by another vehicle while turning Veh1 turned left from far right lane under yellow signal indication striking Veh2 in intersection Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh1 quickly stopped after turning into traffic and was struck by Veh2 Veh2 turned left across traffic and struck Veh1 Veh1 passed a left turning vehicle on the right and was struck by Veh2 traveling straight in a right turn only lane Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh1 Veh1 turned left under red signal indication striking Veh2 Veh1 waiting to turn left was struck by Veh2 Veh1 turning left from driveway struck Veh2 in roadway, view on right side blocked by bus Veh1 struck Veh2 from behind at traffic signal, Veh2 was pushed into Veh3 Veh1 turning left from driveway struck Veh1 in traffic Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh1 23 5/10/2010 Monday 5:10 PM Angle Daylight Injury Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Veh2 ran red light striking Veh1, Veh2 was pushed into Veh3 24 5/20/2010 Thursday 7:36 PM Sideswipe, same direction Daylight 25 5/29/2010 Saturday 1:46 PM Rear End Daylight Cloudy 26 6/6/2010 Sunday 1:58 PM Rear End Daylight Cloudy 27 6/7/2010 Monday 3:04 PM Sideswipe, same direction 28 7/26/2010 Monday 9:55 PM Angle 29 10/9/2010 Saturday 6:41 PM Rear End Daylight 30 10/28/2010 Thursday 12:43 PM Rear End N/A N/A N/A No improper driving Unknown Injury / Inattention / Inattention Veh1 stopped in traffic was sideswiped by Veh2 on left Veh2 stopped at red light was struck from behind by Veh1 Veh1 failed to stop at red light striking Veh2 from behind, Veh2 was pushed into Veh3 Veh1 stopped in traffic struck by Veh2 passing on right Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh2 and Veh3 stopped in traffic, Veh1 struck Veh2 from behind pushing Veh2 into Veh3 Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh1

28 No. Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Harts Four Corners Crash Data Summary Table Road Surface Severity Driver Contributing Code Comments 31 11/5/2010 Friday 2:59 PM Rear End Daylight Cloudy Injury / Inattention 32 11/8/2010 Monday 2:09 PM Angle Daylight Rain Wet 33 11/9/2010 Tuesday 6:55 PM Angle 34 12/31/2010 Friday 12:24 PM Rear End Daylight 35 1/11/2011 Tuesday 5:34 PM Rear End 36 2/17/2011 Thursday 6:37 PM Head on 37 2/18/2011 Friday 7:30 AM Single Vehicle Crash Rain Wet Sleet/Hail/Freezi ng Rain Injury Wrong side or wrong way No improper driving Driving too fast for conditions/ Operating defective equipment Veh2 and Veh3 stopped in traffic, Veh1 struck Veh2 from behind pushing Veh2 into Veh3 Veh1 turned left across traffic and struck Veh2 due to emergency vehicle Veh1 turned left in front of Veh2 Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh1 had defective brakes and crashed into Veh2, Veh2 was pushed into Veh3, Veh3 was pushed into Veh4 Wet Injury Inattention Veh1 veered to right striking fire hydrant and utility pole Daylight 38 3/10/2011 Thursday 2:12 PM Rear End Daylight No improper driving Inattention/ 39 3/25/2011 Friday 1:01 PM Rear End Daylight Injury Driving too fast for conditions 40 3/30/2011 Wednesday 7:21 AM Rear End Daylight Cloudy 41 4/2/2011 Saturday 9:24 PM Angle 42 4/29/2011 Friday 7:10 AM Rear End Daylight /Cloudy Wet 43 5/11/2011 Wednesday 5:26 PM Angle Daylight 44 5/20/2011 Friday 2:54 PM Angle Daylight 45 6/14/2011 Tuesday 3:41 PM Angle Daylight 46 6/29/2011 Wednesday 8:44 PM Angle 47 8/11/2011 Thursday 9:53 AM Angle Daylight 48 8/27/2011 Saturday 5:20 PM Angle Daylight Cloudy/Rain Wet Veh1 turning right into driveway, top of truck caught low hanging wires Veh2 changed lanes and struck Veh1 Veh2 braked quickly to avoid a collision with a turning vehicle and was struck by Veh1 from behind Veh2 slowed to turn right and was struck by Veh1 Injury Veh1 turned left into traffic striking Veh2 No improper driving Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings/ Veh1 stopped in traffic and was struck from behind by Veh2 Veh1 ran red light Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Cloudy Injury Veh1 turning left collided with Veh2 (motorcycle) Made an improper turn/ inattention No improper driving Veh1 moved to the left to make a right turn striking Veh2 in the process Veh1 turning left into drive struck by unknown veh that then fled, crashed into Veh2 at the intersection 49 9/19/2011 Monday 7:21 AM Angle Daylight Injury Glare/ Inattention Veh1 turned left into traffic striking Veh2 50 9/21/2011 Wednesday 1:00 PM Rear End Daylight 51 9/23/2011 Friday 3:23 PM Angle Daylight Rain Wet 52 9/26/2011 Monday 1:49 PM Rear End Daylight Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh1 Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh1 (oil truck) turned left into driveway and was struck from behind by Veh /11/2011 Tuesday 4:23 PM Angle Daylight Injury Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings Veh1 ran red light 54 10/21/2011 Friday 8:58 PM Head on 55 11/3/2011 Thursday 9:51 AM Angle Daylight 56 11/5/2011 Saturday 12:12 PM Angle Daylight 57 11/16/2011 Wednesday 7:35 AM Angle Daylight Cloudy 58 11/26/2011 Saturday 9:59 AM Angle Daylight Cloudy Glare/ Inattention/ Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings/ Veh2 turned left across traffic and struck Veh1 Veh1 changing lanes struck Veh2 Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh1 ran red light 59 12/19/2011 Monday 7:18 AM Rear End Daylight Injury Inattention Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh /24/2011 Saturday 5:22 PM Sideswipe, opposite Dusk Veh1 turned left across traffic and struck Veh1

29 No. Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision 61 1/1/2012 Sunday 8:21 PM Rear End Light Condition Weather Condition 62 1/9/2012 Monday 1:20 PM Angle Daylight 63 1/11/2012 Wednesday 1:34 PM Angle Daylight 64 1/24/2012 Tuesday 9:23 AM Single Vehicle Crash 65* 2/17/2012 Friday 6:27 PM Rear End 66 2/22/2012 Wednesday 8:25 PM Rear End 67 3/11/2012 Sunday 10:27 PM Angle Harts Four Corners Crash Data Summary Table Road Surface Severity Driver Contributing Code Comments Daylight Cloudy Wet Collision with Pedestrian Inattention Veh1 and Veh2 stopped at red light, Veh3 struck Veh2 pushing Veh2 into Veh1 Veh2 turned left across traffic and struck Veh1 Veh1 changing lanes struck Veh2 Pedestrian in crosswalk crossing without walk signal Injury Inattention N/A Unknown 68 3/22/2012 Thursday 3:57 PM Rear End Daylight Injury 69 3/24/2012 Saturday 9:01 AM Angle Daylight Cloudy 70 3/29/2012 Thursday 8:07 AM Angle Daylight 71 3/31/2012 Saturday 9:49 AM Rear End Daylight 72* 4/2/2012 Monday 7:37 PM Rear End 73 4/6/2012 Friday 9:31 PM Rear End 74 4/18/2012 Wednesday 5:20 AM Angle 75 4/19/2012 Thursday 10:41 AM 76 4/28/2012 Saturday 11:57 PM Single Vehicle Crash Sideswipe, same direction Daylight Cloudy/ Sleet/ Hail/ Freezing 77 5/13/2012 Sunday 3:30 PM Rear End Daylight Cloudy 78 5/31/2012 Thursday 2:16 PM Angle Daylight 79 6/2/2012 Saturday 1:52 PM Single Vehicle Crash Wet / Inattention Veh1 stopped at red light struck from behind by Veh2 Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh2 and Veh3 stopped at red light, Veh1 struck Veh2 pushing Veh2 into Veh3 Veh1 turned left across traffic and struck Veh2 Veh1 turned left across traffic and struck Veh2 Veh2 and Veh3 stopped at red light, Veh1 struck Veh2 pushing Veh2 into Veh3 Injury / Distracted Veh1 stopped in traffic struck from behind by Veh2 Injury / Distracted Veh1 stopped at red light struck from behind by Veh2 Daylight Rain Wet 80 6/18/2012 Monday 2:18 PM Angle Daylight Cloudy 81 6/30/2012 Saturday 11:35 AM Head on Daylight 82 7/13/2012 Friday 7:43 PM Rear End Other improper action Over correcting/over steering/ Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road Passing on right No improper driving Veh2 passed Veh1 on right, Veh1 turned right to enter driveway striking Veh2 Veh1 misjudged a left turn and struck a utility pole Veh1 passed Veh2 on right through intersection colliding at the merge point beyond the intersection Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh1 Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh1 was cut off by another driver and ran into a fire hydrant Veh1 changed lanes and struck Veh2 Veh2 turned left across traffic and struck Veh1 Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh1 83 7/16/2012 Monday 8:47 AM Head on Daylight Injury Inattention/ Veh2 turned left across traffic and struck Veh1 84 7/18/2012 Wednesday 3:57 PM Rear End Daylight Cloudy/Rain Wet 85 7/25/2012 Wednesday 4:52 PM Angle Daylight 86 8/5/2012 Sunday 2:27 PM Angle Daylight 87 8/21/2012 Tuesday 5:42 PM Rear End Daylight 88 8/23/2012 Thursday 5:12 PM Angle Daylight 89 8/25/2012 Saturday 2:22 PM Rear End Daylight 90 8/31/2012 Friday 5:06 PM Sideswipe, same direction Daylight Cloudy Other improper action Distracted Disregarded traffic signs, signals, road markings/ Operated vehicle in reckless manner Veh1 stopped in traffic struck from behind by Veh2 Veh2 ran red light striking Veh1 Veh2 turned left across traffic and struck Veh1 Veh1 stopped in traffic struck from behind by Veh2 Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh1 Veh1 and Veh2 turning left, Veh1 tried to pass Veh2 on left striking Veh2 in the process

30 No. Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day 91 9/2/2012 Sunday 10:39 PM Manner of Collision Sideswipe, opposite Light Condition Weather Condition 92 9/12/2012 Wednesday 8:54 AM Rear End Daylight 93 10/22/2012 Monday 9:19 PM Rear End 94 11/17/2012 Saturday 5:00 PM Rear End 95 12/16/2012 Sunday 11:56 AM Rear End Daylight Cloudy Harts Four Corners Crash Data Summary Table Road Surface Severity Driver Contributing Code Comments Inattention Veh2 failed to shut off turning signal, Veh1 thought Veh2 was turning left, Veh2 drove straight into Veh1 Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh1 Veh2 stopped at red light was struck from behind by Veh1 Cloudy Injury Veh2 stopped at red light was struck from behind by Veh1 Veh2 stopped for pedestrians in crosswalk was struck from behind by Veh /18/2012 Tuesday 5:44 PM Rear End N/A N/A N/A Injury N/A Veh1 struck Veh2 from behind while traveling 97 1/16/2013 Wednesday 8:20 AM Single Vehicle Crash 98 2/16/2013 Saturday 5:22 PM Angle Daylight Snow Snow 99 3/15/2013 Friday 5:24 PM Angle Daylight 100 4/18/2013 Thursday 8:09 PM Head on 101 5/1/2013 Wednesday 2:00 PM Sideswipe, same direction Snow Wet Unknown Other improper action Other improper action Veh1 slid and hit utility pole Veh2 turned left across traffic and struck Veh1 Veh2 turned left across traffic and struck Veh1 Injury Veh1 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh2 Daylight 102 5/24/2013 Friday 8:49 AM Angle Daylight Cloudy 103 6/2/2013 Sunday 5:46 PM Angle Daylight 104 6/13/2013 Thursday 12:16 PM Rear End Daylight Rain Wet Inattention Veh1 changed lanes and struck Veh2 Veh1 turned left across traffic and struck Veh2 Veh1 made a wide turn as Veh2 was entering parking lot striking Veh2 Veh1 and Veh2 stopped in traffic, Veh3 struck Veh2 from behind pushing Veh2 into Veh /17/2013 Monday 7:24 PM Angle Daylight Injury Made an improper turn/ Veh2 turned left across traffic and struck Veh /19/2013 Wednesday 3:31 PM Angle Daylight Injury Other improper action/ Veh2 pulled out from driveway and struck Veh1 107* 7/10/2013 Wednesday 11:10 PM Sideswipe, opposite /19/2013 Saturday 1:16 PM Angle Daylight Cloudy /26/2013 Saturday 11:32 AM Rear End Daylight /5/2013 Thursday 5:45 PM Angle /17/2013 Tuesday 1:30 PM Angle Daylight /22/2013 Sunday 7:10 PM Head on /22/2013 Sunday 8:14 PM Angle No improper driving Inattention/ Veh1 turned left across traffic and struck Veh2 Veh1 turned left across traffic and struck Veh2 Veh2 and Veh3 stopped in traffic, Veh1 struck Veh2 from behind pushing Veh2 into Veh3 Veh1 changed lanes and struck Veh2 Veh1 turned left across traffic and struck Veh2 Injury Veh1 turned left across traffic and struck Veh2 Veh1 turned left across traffic and struck Veh /27/2014 Monday 1:59 PM Head on Daylight Cloudy Injury Unknown Veh2 turned left across traffic and struck Veh /6/2014 Thursday 11:46 AM Angle Daylight Cloudy 116 6/13/2014 Friday 10:47 AM Angle Daylight Injury 117 7/21/2014 Monday 9:50 AM Rear End Daylight Other improper action Failure to keep in proper lane or running off road/ Other improper action Veh1 was driving to the right of Veh2, Veh2 turned right to enter driveway striking Veh1 Veh1 put vehicle into reverse to make space to switch lanes at a red light colliding with Veh2 Veh2 stopped in traffic was struck by Veh1