ROAD SAFETY AUDIT. East Main Street (Route 123) at Route I-495 Northbound & Southbound Ramps Town of Norton. May 11, Prepared For: MassDOT

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1 ROAD SAFETY AUDIT East Main Street (Route 123) at Route I-495 Northbound & Southbound Ramps Town of Norton May 11, 2016 Prepared For: MassDOT Prepared By: 101 Walnut Street Watertown, MA

2 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Table of Contents Contents Background... 1 Project Data... 1 Project Location and Description... 2 Audit Observations and Potential Safety Enhancements... 5 Summary of Road Safety Audit... 9 List of Appendices Appendix A. Appendix B. Appendix C. Appendix D. RSA Meeting Agenda RSA Audit Team Contact List Detailed Crash Data Additional Information - Speed Regulations List of Figures Figure 1: Locus Map... 4 List of Tables Table 1: Participating Audit Team Members... 2 Table 2: Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown... 9 Table 3: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary... 11

3 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Background The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) Highway Safety Section conducts Road Safety Audits (RSA s) prior to the design phase for any MassDOT project that includes a high crash location. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) defines a Road Safety Audit (RSA) as the formal safety examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team. The purpose of an RSA is to identify potential safety issues and possible opportunities for safety improvements considering all roadway users. This RSA evaluates the intersections of East Main Street (Route 123) at I-495 Northbound Ramps and East Main Street (Route 123) at I-495 Southbound Ramps in Norton, Massachusetts. A review of the MassDOT top crash location database showed that these intersections are Highway Safety Improvement Project (HSIP) clusters. Project Data An RSA was completed for East Main Street intersections on Thursday, March 31, The agenda for the RSA meeting held at Norton Town Hall 70 Main Street, Norton is provided in Appendix A of this report. As shown below in Table 1, the audit team consisted of a multidisciplinary team with representatives from state, regional and local agencies providing expertise in the engineering, planning, and maintenance fields. Contact information for the RSA attendees is provided in Appendix B of this report. Within the invitation sent on March 15, 2016 to each participant in the RSA, background material was provided. This information included collision diagrams and crash data summaries for the study area based on accident reports obtained from the Town of Norton Police Department for the years During the RSA meeting, these materials were reviewed as a group prior to the field visit to the intersections. During the RSA field visit, various safety issues were observed and identified. Following the RSA field visit, the team returned to discuss additional concerns and potential solutions for the existing safety issues. Page 1

4 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Table 1: Participating Audit Team Members Audit Team Member Agency/Affiliation Michelle Deng MassDOT Traffic - Boston John Mastera MassDOT Highway Safety Keith Silver Norton Highway Department Beth Wierling Town of Norton Jacqueline Schmidt SRPEDD Kyle Richard SRPEDD Yelena Dolezsar MassDOT Traffic District 5 Keri Gallagher MassDOT Traffic District 5 Rich Oliveira MassDOT Projects District 5 Ross Morrow Amy Silbovitz Michael Yunits Town of Norton Brian Clark Norton Police Department David Myles Norton Fire Department Project Location and Description East Main Street (Route 123) is classified as a principal arterial roadway extending approximately 6.5 miles through the Town of Norton from Attleboro to Easton. East Main Street (Route 123) and Interstate 495 are part of an unsignalized interchange located in the northeast portion of the Town. East Main Street (Route 123) is a two lane road, which is owned and maintained by the Town of Norton, except through the interchange where it becomes MassDOT jurisdiction. It is part of the National Highway System (NHS) making it an important road network link. It becomes a four lane road with a median as it approaches the interchange. Route 123 serves commercial and residential properties which connect to the town of Easton to the northeast and intersections with Route 140 to the southwest. I-495 Northbound Off-Ramp approaches East Main Street (Route 123) from the south and the Northbound On-Ramp continues north from the intersection. The eastbound approach of East Main Street consists of an exclusive left turn lane and two through lanes. The westbound approach consists of two through lanes with a right-turn diverging from the second through lane. The I-495 Northbound Off-Ramp is a one lane approach that opens up at the intersection to provide for lefts under Stop control and right turn movements separated by a delta island under Yield control. At the intersection of East Main Street (Route 123) at I-495 Northbound Ramps there were 28 crashes reported between January 2011 and December of Of the 28 crashes reported at this intersection, the majority were angle crashes (42%-16 crashes). The remaining crashes included rear-end crashes (29%-8 crashes), two sideswiped, one single vehicle crashes and one unknown crash. Crashes were most common in April (19%-5 crashes), January (15%-4 crashes) and July (15%-4 crashes). A quarter of the crashes occurred on wet pavement (25%-7 crashes) and twelve out of the 28 collisions resulted in personal injury. Page 2

5 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL I-495 Southbound Off-Ramp approaches East Main Street (Route 123) from the north and the Southbound On-Ramp continues south from the intersection. The westbound approach of East Main Street consists of an exclusive left turn lane and two through lanes. The eastbound approach consists of two through lanes with a right-turn diverging from the second through lane. The I-495 Southbound Off- Ramp is a one lane approach that opens up at the intersection to provide for lefts under Stop control and right turn movements separated by a delta island under Yield control. At the intersection of East Main Street (Route 123) at I-495 Southbound Ramps there were 25 crashes reported between January 2011 and December of Of the 25 crashes reported at this intersection, the majority were rear-end crashes (44%-11 crashes). The remaining crashes included angle crashes (36%-9 crashes), two sideswiped, two single vehicle crashes and one head-on crash. Crashes were most common in May (20%-5 crashes), September (16%-4 crashes) and December (16%-4 crashes). A majority of the crashes occurred on dry pavement (80%-20 crashes) and six out of the 25 collisions resulted in personal injury. Page 3

6 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Figure 1: Locus Map Page 4

7 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Audit Observations and Potential Safety Enhancements Observation: Intersection Geometry It was observed that the sight distance for both the Northbound and Southbound I-495 Off-Ramps is impeded by the growth of the trees and the brush that has overgrown in the area. It was noted that motorists have a hard time seeing around the growth and are not seeing the vehicles that are approaching from their left hand side. This issue is further exacerbated by the horizontal and vertical geometry of the roadway with the crest in the bridge reducing sight distance as well. These sight distance restrictions result in delays and queuing during peak hours due to turning vehicles waiting for acceptable gaps in traffic to attempt their turning maneuver. It was noted that there was an excessive number of rear-end collisions at both the I-495 Northbound and Southbound Ramps. One of the reasons for these collisions was mainly due to the fact Image 1: Trees and Brush impeding sight distance. that vehicles are not anticipating the vehicle in front of them yielding since the geometry allows for vehicles to easily enter East Main Street. It was observed that there is only one lane on East Main Street approaching and departing the interchange. At the intersection the roadway opens up to a 4-lane cross section. Two lanes in each direction and then reduces back down to one lane in each direction after the interchange. It was observed and noted by the audit team that vehicles are traveling at high speeds through this section and the wider section of roadway promotes higher vehicle speeds. Additionally, left turning vehicles have to assess the traffic gaps and cross two lanes (for left turns on to the on-ramps) or three lanes (for left turns on to Route 123 from the off-ramps). Image 2: Poor condition of pavement It was observed that the pavement was deteriorating in some spots around a manhole. along Route 123. The pavement suffers from severe cracking with multiple potholes forming. Several potholes have formed where the pavement around the catch basins and manholes has begun to fail. It was previously observed by the audit team that vehicles were coming off of the northbound off-ramp, taking a right and then making a U-turn to go the other direction. This is done so the motorists do not have to wait in the left-turn queues at the off-ramp. Page 5

8 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL At both intersections, left turning vehicles (Route 123 turning onto the on-ramps) compete with left turning vehicles from the off-ramps for gaps in the Route 123 traffic. The conflicting and competing movements have contributed to the high crash rates at these locations. Potential Enhancements: Perform tree trimming and cut back the overgrown brush that has formed on the I-495 Northbound & Southbound off-ramps Perform a road diet along East Main Street. Reduce the cross-section to one lane in each direction. Allow for the right turns off the ramps to enter into their own lane. Evaluate the operational and safety benefits for providing traffic signal control for both intersections. Consider adjusting geometry of off-ramp right turn lane to be perpendicular to East Main Street. This will reduce the angle a driver has to turn to view on-coming traffic. Patch pavement near manholes and catch basins along the corridor. Repair the pavement to fix the areas that are sunken in and cracked. Prohibit U-turns at the termini of the medians at both intersections. Image 3: Poor condition of pavement in the roadway. Police to continue enforcing/pulling over vehicles that are not adhering to the posted speed limits. Observation: Signage and Pavement Markings As noted in the previous section, East Main Street widens to a 4 lane cross-section at the intersection approaches. It was suggested that the traffic volume does not require such a large cross-section. It was also observed that the pavement markings on Route 123 were faded and/or missing. Image 4: 4-Lane Cross-section on East Main Street (Route 123). Page 6

9 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL It was noted that none of the crosswalks were marked at the I-495 Northbound off-ramp and at the I-495 Southbound on-ramp. There are currently wheel chair ramps but no marked crosswalk at these locations. These appear to be missing based on a pavement overlay job that did not replace them when completed. It was observed that there were yield markings provided for the Northbound and Southbound off-ramps but there were no markings or signs for the I-495 Northbound and Southbound on-ramps. The lack of yield signs and markings result in no control at the merge point of the on ramps leaving it unclear as to which vehicle has the right of way. This may cause collisions of merging traffic on the on-ramps. It was noted that there were no lane drop signs; eastbound or westbound to show that the cross-section was changing from two lanes to one lane in each direction. The Enter Here sign at the Southbound On-Ramp was rotated Image 5: Missing Crosswalk so it was not facing the correct direction. The Enter Here sign at markings. the Northbound On-Ramp has been damaged. Also it was noted that the stop sign at the northbound ramps was blocked by the overgrown brush. Potential Enhancements: Reapply the pavement markings on East Main Street to provide for one lane in each direction with a wide shoulder. Restripe all crosswalks across the ramps on the south side of East Main Street. Restripe all pavement markings on East Main Street (Route 123) Image 6: Enter Here sign not facing correct traffic. Add Yield Markings for traffic turning right onto the I-495 Northbound and Southbound onramps. Add lane ends signs (W4-2) on East Main Street. Rotate the existing Enter Here sign at the I-495 Southbound On-Ramp. Repair or replace the damaged Enter Here sign at the I-495 Northbound On-Ramp. Page 7

10 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Remove the brush obstructing visibility of the Stop sign at the I-495 Northbound Off-Ramp or relocate so it is out of the brush and more visible to motorists. Install an additional Stop sign in the island. Observation: Pedestrian & Bicycle Accommodations It was observed that there are no marked bicycle lanes along East Main Street. Wide shoulders (approximately 8 ) are provided on both sides of the roadway. There is currently sidewalk along the south side of East Main Street. It was observed that the current wheel chair ramps do not meet current ADA standards. The sidewalks had a lot of overgrown vegetation that made walking difficult in some areas. There was also an old sign post that was located in the sidewalk near the I-495 Northbound Off-ramp. It was also noted that the expansion joints along the sidewalk were deteriorating causing in a vertical lip and tripping hazard for pedestrians. Image 7: Overgrown brush blocking sidewalk Potential Enhancements: Consider providing a marked bicycle lane on East Main Street (Route 123). There is currently a project in the design phase that will provide 5 shoulders for approximately 2 miles of East Main Street between the interchange and the Town Center. Cut back the overgrown brush that abuts the sidewalk on East Main Street (Route 123). Fix the expansion joints on the sidewalk on East Main Street (Route 123). Update current wheel chair ramps to current ADA standards. Image 8: Old Sign Post in sidewalk Remove old sign post in sidewalk at I-495 Northbound Off-Ramp. Observation: Low Light Condition Visibility It was observed and noted by the audit team that at night and during storm events visibility is poor and sight distance is reduced to an unsafe length through this section of East Main Street (Route 123). 18% of reported crashes occurred during low light (rain storm) condition. Potential Enhancements: Page 8

11 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Add highway lighting to the intersections and bridge. Evaluate the operational and safety benefits for providing traffic signal control for both intersections. Adding traffic signal control will alleviate the need for long sight distances during low light conditions. Observation: Stormwater and Erosion Issues It was noted that there are also erosion issues with the embankment on the southbound off-ramp area (northwest corner). The granite edging is damaged and allows stormwater to flow directly off the road eroding the slope. Potential Enhancements: Repair the granite edging to facilitate proper stormwater collection. Summary of Road Safety Audit Following the site walk, participants returned to the meeting room to review the safety issues identified and to recommend potential countermeasure improvements. Participants were challenged to come up with long term (greater than three years in the future) improvements that could be incorporated into the design project (or future projects), and also to identify short-term (less than one year) or intermediate (one to three years into the future) improvements that could be implemented as soon as possible and before the reconstruction effort begins. All discussed improvements were categorized by the following time frames: short-term, intermediate, and long-term. Long-term improvements are likely to be associated with the transportation improvement project for East Main Street or other future development projects. Enhancements were also assigned a cost category, as identified in Table 2. Table 2: Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown Time Frame Costs Short-Term <1 Year Low <$10,000 Mid-Term 1-3 Years Medium $10,001-$50,000 Long-Term >3 Years High >$50,000 Recommendations for improving safety are summarized in Table 3 and are categorized based on estimated safety payoff, time frame and cost for implementation. The responsible party for further action has been identified as well. Page 9

12 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Safety payoff estimates are subjective and based on the relative percent of crashes that may be reduced by the enhancement. For major improvements crash reduction factors are often available to assess the safety payoff; however for many minor enhancements a more subjective evaluation is needed. To provide a general assessment of how a recommended enhancement would impact crash occurrences, countermeasures have been assigned a Low, Medium, or High value on subjective basis using engineering judgement as it relates to potential crash reduction. Countermeasures detailed in the summary tables involve Engineering, Maintenance, Enforcement, Educational, and/or Behavioral modifications that start with overall interchange considerations and continue with location-specific items for consideration. Selected countermeasures have been identified as potentially short-term, intermediate (potential maintenance projects) and/or long term. Page 10

13 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Table 3: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Responsible Agency Intersection Geometry Perform Tree Trimming and cut back the brush High Short-Term Low MassDOT Intersection Geometry Provide Traffic Signal Control Medium Long-Term High MassDOT Intersection Geometry Provide a road diet to the crosssection so there are only two Medium Mid-Term Medium MassDOT through lanes Intersection Geometry Allow for right turns from ramps to enter into their own lane Medium Mid-Term Medium MassDOT Intersection Geometry Fix pavement in areas that it is deteriorating High Mid-Term High MassDOT Intersection Geometry Patch Pavement around manhole covers and catch basins High Short-Term Low MassDOT Intersection Geometry Consider bringing right turns into the intersection under signal High Long-Term High MassDOT control Intersection Geometry Fix drainage/edging issue at the southbound off-ramp. The water is Low Short-Term Low MassDOT eroding the pavement Intersection Geometry Prohibit U-turns. It appears vehicles are taking rights and Low Short-Term Low MassDOT turning around. Intersection Geometry Enforcement of Speeds on Route 123 Medium Short-Term Low Norton Police Signage & Pavement Markings Signage & Pavement Markings Add crosswalk markings across the Ramps that were not replaced under resurfacing project. Refresh all markings on East Main Street High Short-Term Low MassDOT Low Short-Term Low MassDOT Page 11

14 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Signage & Pavement Markings Signage & Pavement Markings Signage & Pavement Markings Signage & Pavement Markings Bicycle Accommodations Pedestrian Accommodations Pedestrian Accommodations Pedestrian Accommodations Pedestrian Accommodations Low Light Condition Visibility Stormwater & Erosion Add yield markings and signs for right turns onto off-ramps of I-495, add yield signs to right turns onto East Main Street Add Lane Ends signs to both directions leaving the State Highway Layout Rotate Enter Here sign to face proper direction on southbound onramp, replace damaged Enter Here sign on northbound on-ramp Relocate stop sign at northbound off-ramps so not blocked by brush, consider adding additional stop sign Considering adding marked bike lanes through the State Highway Layout Cut back the brush that has over grown into the sidewalk Medium Short-Term Low MassDOT Medium Short-Term Low MassDOT Medium Short-Term Low MassDOT Medium Short-Term Low MassDOT Low Short-Term Low MassDOT High Short-Term Low MassDOT Fix the sidewalk expansion joints Low Short-Term Medium MassDOT Install ADA compliant wheel chair ramps Remove old sign posts from sidewalks at the northbound ramps Medium Mid-Term Medium MassDOT Medium Short-Term Low MassDOT Add highway lighting Medium Mid-Term Medium MassDOT Fix drainage/edging issue at the southbound off-ramp. The water is eroding the pavement Low Short-Term Low MassDOT Page 12

15 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda Page 13

16 Type of meeting: Attendees: Please bring: Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street I-495 NB Ramps & I-495 SB Ramps Meeting Location: Norton Town Hall (70 East Main Street) Selectman's Meeting Room, Norton MA March 31, :00 AM 12:00 PM High Crash Location Road Safety Audit Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team Thoughts and Enthusiasm!! 9:00 AM Welcome and Introductions 9:15 AM Review of Site Specific Material Crash & Speed Summaries Existing Geometries and Conditions 10:00 AM Visit the Corridor (if necessary) Drive to I-495 NB & I-495 SB Ramps As a group, identify areas for improvement 11:00 AM Post Visit Discussion / Completion of RSA Discuss observations and finalize findings Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations 12:00 PM Adjourn for the Day but the RSA has not ended Instructions for Participants: Before attending the RSA on March 31, 2016 participants are encouraged to drive through the corridor/identified intersections and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List with a focus on safety. All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the synergy that develops and respect for others opinions are key elements to the success of the overall RSA process. After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the multidisciplinary team.

17 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List Page 14

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19 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data Page 16

20 Crash Data Summary Table East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 # Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code Ages Comments m/d/y Type Type Type Type Type D1 D2 D3 D4 1 1/23/2011 Sunday 6:40 PM Angled Dark lighted roadway Clear Dry D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving V1 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V2 travelling EB 2 1/31/2011 Monday 12:01 PM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry D1 No improper driving D2 Unknown 22 unk D1 was traveling North East on the off ramp to Rte. 495 North. D1 was waiting to pull onto East Main St when struck from behind by D2. 3 2/13/2011 Sunday 9:49 AM Angled Daylight Clear Dry D1 No Improper driving D2 Other improper actions V2 was attempting to enter roadway got struck by V1 that was travelling straight ahead on the roadway 4 2/25/2011 Friday 7:49 PM Angled Dark roadway not lighted Snow Wet D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving D1 attempted to make a left turn onto the 495 NB on ramp and pulled in front of D2 which was traveling WB and had the right of way. 5 3/17/2011 Thursday 4:49 PM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry D1 No Improper driving D2 Inattention V1 preparing to enter the eastbound travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. 6 4/17/2011 Sunday 8:49 AM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry D1 No Improper driving D2 Inattention V1 preparing to enter the eastbound travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. Page 1 of 8

21 Crash Data Summary Table East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 # Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code Ages Comments m/d/y Type Type Type Type Type D1 D2 D3 D4 7 4/27/2011 Wednesday 8:52 AM Angled Daylight Clear Dry D1 Failed to yield right of way D2 No improper driving V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore causing V2 to strike curbing, cross center median, and into oncoming traffic. 8 6/2/2011 Thursday 11:12 PM Angled Dark lighted roadway Clear Dry D1 No Improper driving D2 Failed to yield right of way V2 travelling EB on East Main St. failed to yield right of way while attempting to turn left onto the Rte. 495 On Ramp got struck by V1 travelling WB 9 7/10/2011 Sunday 7:19 PM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving V1 preparing to enter the eastbound travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop /17/2011 Thursday 4:59 PM Angled Dark lighted roadway Rainy Wet D1 Failed to yield right of way D2 No improper driving V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling EB 11 12/17/2011 Saturday 12:58 PM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving V1 preparing to enter the eastbound travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. Page 2 of 8

22 Crash Data Summary Table East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 # Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code Ages Comments m/d/y Type Type Type Type Type D1 D2 D3 D /20/2011 Tuesday 7:47 AM Single Vehicle Crash Daylight Clear Dry D1 No improper driving 29 D1 was traveling WB on East Main St, after going on the 495 Overpass, a deer came from South side of road which she struck with front driver side of V /27/2012 Friday 6:09 PM Sideswipe, same direction Daylight Clear Dry D1 No Improper Driving D2 No Improper Driving V1 and V2 swiped each other while attempting to make a right turn onto East Main St, both left scene, but D1 reported the crash a day later as a hit and run by D /22/2012 Tuesday 10:50 AM Rear end Daylight Rainy Wet D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving V1 stopped while attempting to enter EB lane due to oncoming traffic V2 didn t realize V1 stopped and failed to come to a stop. 15 6/17/2012 Sunday 12:46 PM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V1 preparing to enter the eastbound travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. 16 6/17/2012 Sunday 5:34 PM Angled Daylight Clear Dry D1 No Improper Driving D2 Failed to yield right of way V2 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V1 travelling EB Page 3 of 8

23 Crash Data Summary Table East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 # Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code Ages Comments m/d/y Type Type Type Type Type D1 D2 D3 D4 17 8/16/2012 Thursday 6:00 PM Angled Daylight Clear Dry D1 Failed to yield right of way D2 No improper driving V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling EB 18 10/26/2012 Friday 10:41 AM Angled Daylight Clear Dry D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V1 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V2 travelling EB 19 11/7/2012 Wednesday 6:31 PM Angled Dark roadway not lighted Rainy Wet D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving V1 travelling EB on East Main St. failed to yield right of way while attempting to turn left onto the Rte. 495 On Ramp got struck by V2 travelling WB 20 12/17/2012 Monday 2:17 PM Angled Daylight Rainy Wet D1 Failed to yield right of way D2 No improper driving V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling EB 21 1/19/2013 Saturday 3:11 PM Angled Daylight Clear Dry D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving V1 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V2 travelling EB 22 1/30/2013 Wednesday 4:42 PM Angled Dusk Cloudy Wet D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving V1 attempted to enter East Main St., but didn t see V2 that was travelling EB and therefore got side struck. Page 4 of 8

24 Crash Data Summary Table East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 # Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code Ages Comments m/d/y Type Type Type Type Type D1 D2 D3 D4 23 3/22/2013 Friday 6:17 PM Angled Daylight Clear Dry Unknown D2 was entering D1's lane of travel in an attempt to cross over to the West Bound Lane of Route 123. D2 hen struck D1 which was traveling straight in right lane of Route 123 East. 24 4/16/2013 Tuesday 5:21 PM Rear end Unknown Unk Unk D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V1 stopped while attempting to enter EB lane due to oncoming traffic V2 didn t realize V1 stopped and failed to come to a stop. 25 4/17/2013 Wednesday 3:57 PM Angled Daylight Clear Dry D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling EB 26 6/7/2013 Friday 5:15 PM Sideswipe, opposite direction Daylight Rainy Wet D1 No Improper Driving D2 Failed to yield right of way V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling EB 27 8/12/2013 Monday 8:28 PM Unknown Dark lighted roadway Clear Dry D1 No Improper Driving D2 No Improper Driving D3 Failed to yield right of way 27 Unk V3 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and caused V1 travelling EB to take evasive action, which resulted on him hitting a sign then the curb The sign became dislodged causing it to hit V2 Page 5 of 8

25 Crash Data Summary Table East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 # Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code Ages Comments m/d/y Type Type Type Type Type D1 D2 D3 D4 28 9/4/2013 Wednesday 1:00 PM Angled Daylight Clear Dry 3 of 28 Hit and Run Zero of 28 charged with OUI. Zero out of 28 involved non motorist (pedestrian, cyclist) Zero drivers unlicensed, unregistered/uninsured vehicle, and/or expired Inspection Sticker 12 out of 28 collisions resulted in personal injury 25 of the 54 vehicles involved in 28 collisions were towed Summary based on Crash Reports obtained from Norton PD. D1 No Improper Driving D2 Failed to yield right of way V2 failed to yield right of way while exiting WB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V1 travelling EB Page 6 of 8

26 Crash Data Summary Chart East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 Crash Month 20% 19% 15% 15% 15% 11% 10% 7% 7% 7% 5% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 0% J F M A M J J A S O N D Crash Day of Week 25% 20% 15% 10% 11% 11% 18% 14% 18% 7% 21% 5% 0% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Crash Time of Day 25% 22% 22% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 4% 6am 8am 11% 8am 10am 7% 10am 12pm 15% 12pm 2pm 11% 2pm 4pm 4pm 6pm 6pm 8pm 4% 4% 8pm 10pm 10pm 12am 0% 0% 0% 12am 2am 2am 4am 4am 6am 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 4% Single Vehicle Crash 29% Crash Manner of Collision 57% Rear End Angled Sideswipe, same direction 4% 4% Sideswipe, opposite direction 0% 0% 4% Head on Rear to Rear Unknown Page 7 of 8

27 Crash Data Summary Chart East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Northbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December % 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 71% 0% 4% Crash Light Condition 14% Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark lighted roadway 7% Dark roadway not lighted 0% 0% 4% Dark unknown roadway lighting Other Unknown Crash Weather Condition 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 71% 4% 18% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 71% 25% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% Dry Wet Snow Ice Sand, mud, dirt, oil, gravel 2% 35% 20% Crash Road Surface 15% 15% Water (standing, moving) Crash Driver Age 9% Slush Other Unk 0% 0% Unknown 4% Page 8 of 8

28 \\vhb\proj\wat-te\ Assign 21-Norton-Traffic\reports\RSA\CollisionDiagrams.dwg TYPES OF COLLISION SYMBOLS SEVERITY ACCIDENT SUMMARY TRAFFIC CONTROL REAR END HEAD ON SIDE SWIPE OUT OF CONTROL LEFT TURN RIGHT ANGLE MOVING VEHICLE BACKING VEHICLE PARKED VEHICLE FIXED OBJECT PEDESTRIAN BICYCLIST ANIMAL FATAL ACCIDENT INJURY ACCIDENT NIGHT TIME CRASH TYPE ANGLE REAR-END HEAD-ON LEFT TURN SIDESWIPE FIXED OBJECT PARKED CAR OTHER TOTAL DAYLIGHT FATAL INJURY PROP. DAM. FATAL NIGHT INJURY PROP. DAM. 1 1 FATAL TOTALS PROP. INJURY DAM TOTAL S TRAFFIC SIGNAL STOP SIGN YIELD SIGN NOTES 1. CRASH SUMMARY JANUARY DECEMBER Feet Figure 2-1 Collision Diagram East Main St (Route 123) at I-495 (Northbound Ramp) Norton, Massachusetts

29 Crash Data Summary Table East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 # Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code Ages Comments m/d/y Type Type Type Type Type D1 D2 D3 D4 1 3/12/2011 Saturday 3:15 PM Head on Daylight Clear Dry D1 No improper action D2 Inattention D1 (driving East on East Main Street) observed D2 miss judge the stop sign for the off ramp resulting in a collision. 2 4/15/2011 Friday 2:31 PM Angled Daylight Clear Dry D1 No improper action D2 Inattention D2 was attempting to enter traffic from the route 495 off ramp when she pulled out in front of D2 who could not avoid the collision. 3 5/20/2011 Friday 6:39 PM Rear end Daylight Cloudy Dry D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop 4 9/12/2011 Friday 8:02 AM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry 5 9/12/2011 Friday 6:31 PM Angled Daylight Clear Dry 6 9/12/2011 Friday 6:51 PM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry 7 12/24/2011 Saturday 7:04 PM Angled Dark lighted roadway Clear Dry D1 Unknown D2 No improper action unk 52 D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving D1 No improper action D2 Inattention D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving Both vehicles were traveling SB on off ramp from Route 495 SB to Route 123 (East Main Street) and bearing right onto Route 123 WB (D2 was ahead of D1). D2 slowed and came to a stop as she was unable to see if there was any oncoming traffic when D1 did not see that D2 had stopped and struck her. V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting EB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling WB D1 was stopped at end of the onramp waiting for a break in traffic when D2 was not paying attention and rear ended D1. V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting EB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling WB Page 1 of 6

30 Crash Data Summary Table East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 # Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code Ages Comments m/d/y Type Type Type Type Type D1 D2 D3 D4 8 12/30/2011 Friday 8:00 PM Single vehicle crash Dark lighted roadway Clear Dry 9 4/17/2012 Tuesday 5:31 PM Angled Daylight Clear Dry D1 Swerving or avoiding due to wind, vehicle D2 Inattention NA NA D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V2 (unknown) failed to yield right of way while exiting EB onto East Main St. and therefore caused V1 travelling WB to swerve off the road to the right to avoid colliding with vehicle V1 failed to yield right of way while exiting EB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V2 travelling WB 10 5/1/2012 Tuesday 3:07 PM Single vehicle crash Daylight Rainy Wet D1 Unknown unk D1 (Traveling on ramp from Route 123 to Route 495 South)was a tractor trailer that was carrying a scrap dump truck, weighing approximately 65,000 lb., on a low boy trailer that was secured with insufficient points of contact between the trailer and scrap dump truck. The cargo separated from the trailer and slid across the asphalt, into the guardrail on the ramp leading to Route 495 South. 11 5/22/2012 Tuesday 4:05 PM Rear end Daylight Cloudy Wet D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop 12 5/24/2012 Thursday 11:26 PM Angled Dark unknown roadway lighting Clear Dry D1 Other improper action D2 No improper driving V1 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V2 travelling WB 13 6/6/2012 Wednesday 8:17 AM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving V2 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V1 that failed to come to a stop Page 2 of 6

31 Crash Data Summary Table East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 # Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code Ages Comments m/d/y Type Type Type Type Type D1 D2 D3 D /3/2012 Saturday 4:09 PM Sideswipe, same direction Daylight Clear Dry D1 Failure to keep in proper lane D2 No improper driving V1 sideswiped V2 while attempting to change lanes both heading EB on East Main St 15 11/14/2012 Wednesday 11:00 AM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop 16 12/11/2012 Tuesday 6:03 PM Angled Unknown Unk Unk D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V2 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V1 travelling WB 17 1/18/2013 Friday 5:41 PM Angled Dark lighted roadway Clear Dry D1 Inattention D2 No improper driving V1 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V2 travelling WB 18 1/30/2013 Wednesday 6:45 PM Sideswipe, same direction Dark roadway not lighted Cloudy Wet D1 No Improper Driving D2 Operating vehicle in careless manner 52 NA V1 states that while exiting off ramp and entering EB lane he was bumped by an V2 who also was doing the same turning movement V2 didn t stop 19 2/26/2013 Tuesday 3:41 PM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry 20 3/24/2013 Sunday 10:39 AM Angled Daylight Clear Dry D1 No improper driving D2 Followed too closely D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention D1 was attempting to merge into traffic and was struck from behind by D2. V2 failed to yield right of way while exiting EB onto East Main St. and therefore was struck by V1 travelling EB Page 3 of 6

32 Crash Data Summary Table East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 # Crash Date Crash Day Time of Day Manner of Collision Light Condition Weather Condition Road Surface Driver Contributing Code Ages Comments m/d/y Type Type Type Type Type D1 D2 D3 D4 21 5/20/2013 Monday 4:09 PM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry 22 8/22/2013 Thursday 8:52 AM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry D1 No improper action D2 No improper action D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention Both vehicles were traveling from Route 495 South to Route 123 when D2 came to a stop at the yield sign. D2 began to enter traffic when she braked suddenly because she saw a vehicle approaching at the last moment. D2 was also merging but struck D2 due to her breaking suddenly. V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop. 23 9/21/2013 Saturday 10:08 PM Angled Dark lighted roadway Clear Dry D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V2 pulled out into traffic onto East Main St. and struck V1 travelling WB 24 10/31/2013 Thursday 5:07 PM Rear end Daylight Cloudy Wet D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that didn't realize V1 had stopped failed to come to a stop /17/2013 Tuesday 7:24 AM Rear end Daylight Clear Dry 2 of 25 Hit and Run Zero of 25 charged with OUI. Zero out of 25 involved non motorist (pedestrian, cyclist) Zero drivers unlicensed, unregistered/uninsured vehicle, and/or expired Inspection Sticker 6 out of 25 collisions resulted in personal injury 19 of the 44 vehicles involved in 25 collisions were towed Summary based on Crash Reports obtained from Norton PD. D1 No Improper Driving D2 Inattention V1 preparing to enter the WB travel lane got struck from behind by V2 that failed to come to a stop Page 4 of 6

33 Crash Data Summary Chart East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December 2013 Crash Month 25% 20% 15% 20% 16% 16% 10% 5% 0% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 8% 8% 8% 8% 4% 4% 4% 4% 0% J F M A M J J A S O N D Crash Day of Week 28% 24% 16% 12% 12% 4% 4% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Crash Time of Day 30% 25% 24% 24% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 4% 6am 8am 12% 8am 10am 8% 10am 12pm 0% 12pm 2pm 16% 2pm 4pm 4pm 6pm 6pm 8pm 4% 8pm 10pm 8% 10pm 12am 0% 0% 0% 12am 2am 2am 4am 4am 6am 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 8% Single Vehicle Crash 44% Crash Manner of Collision 36% 8% Rear End Angled Sideswipe, same direction 0% Sideswipe, opposite direction 4% 0% 0% Head on Rear to Rear Unknown Page 5 of 6

34 Crash Data Summary Chart East Main St (Route 123) at I 495 (Southbound Ramp); Norton, MA January 2011 December % 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 72% 0% 0% Crash Light Condition 16% Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark lighted roadway 4% 4% 0% 4% Dark roadway not lighted Dark unknown roadway lighting Other Unknown 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 76% 16% Crash Weather Condition 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 80% 16% Crash Road Surface 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% Dry Wet Snow Ice Sand, mud, dirt, oil, gravel 2% 11% 16% Crash Driver Age 27% 27% Water (standing, moving) 5% 5% Slush Other Unk Unknown 2% 5% Page 6 of 6

35 \\vhb\proj\wat-te\ Assign 21-Norton-Traffic\reports\RSA\CollisionDiagrams.dwg TYPES OF COLLISION SYMBOLS SEVERITY ACCIDENT SUMMARY TRAFFIC CONTROL REAR END HEAD ON SIDE SWIPE OUT OF CONTROL LEFT TURN RIGHT ANGLE MOVING VEHICLE BACKING VEHICLE PARKED VEHICLE FIXED OBJECT PEDESTRIAN BICYCLIST ANIMAL FATAL ACCIDENT INJURY ACCIDENT NIGHT TIME CRASH TYPE ANGLE REAR-END HEAD-ON LEFT TURN SIDESWIPE FIXED OBJECT PARKED CAR DAYLIGHT FATAL INJURY PROP. DAM. FATAL NIGHT INJURY PROP. DAM FATAL TOTALS PROP. INJURY DAM. TOTAL S TRAFFIC SIGNAL STOP SIGN YIELD SIGN NOTES 1. CRASH SUMMARY JANUARY DECEMBER 2013 OTHER TOTAL Feet Figure 2-2 Collision Diagram East Main St (Route 123) at I-495 (Southbound Ramp) Norton, Massachusetts

36 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Appendix D. Additional Information Page 17

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40 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Appendix E. Road Safety Audit References Page 18

41 Road Safety Audit Norton East Main Street at I-495 NB & SB Ramps FINAL Road Safety Audit References Massachusetts Traffic Safety Toolbox, Massachusetts Highway Department, Road Safety Audits, A Synthesis of Highway Practice. NCHRP Synthesis 336. Transportation Research Board, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Road Safety Audits. Institute of Transportation Engineers and U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, FHWA Road Safety Audit Guidelines. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Road Safety Audit, 2 nd edition. Austroads, Road Safety Audits. ITE Technical Council Committee 4S-7. Institute of Transportation Engineers, February Page 19