Safety Features of Expressways. Cresencio M. MONTALBO Jr., PhD Assoc. Prof., SURP Faculty Affiliate, NCTS University of the Philippines

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1 Safety Features of Expressways Cresencio M. MONTALBO Jr., PhD Assoc. Prof., SURP Faculty Affiliate, NCTS University of the Philippines

2 Outline of Presentation Profile of Philippine Expressways Characteristics of Expressways Safety Features Safety Statistics Human-Vehicle-Environment Issues & Concerns

3 Profile of Philippine Expressways As of March 2002, there are four toll roads being operated in MM with a total length of km. 1) North Luzon Expressway (NLE) 2) South Luzon Expressway (SLE) 3) Metro Manila Skyway (MMS) 4) Manila-CaviteToll Expressway (MCTE) 5) STAR Tollway

4 North Luzon Expressway Sections in Operation: 84 km long expressway from Balintawak to Sta. Ines Year of Opening of Present Section: 1982 Franchise Period: 30 years from 1977 Operator : MNTC

5 South Luzon Expressway Extends 44 km from Nichols to Calamba Includes an 850-meter long viaduct which crosses over Alabang Year of Opening of Present Section: 1982 Franchise Period: 30 years from 1977 Operator : PNCC

6 Metro Manila Skyway (MMS) Section in operation: 9.3 km long elevated expressway from Buendia to Bicutan and 13.5 km long rehabilitated SLE section from Magallanes to Alabang Year of Opening Present Section: July 1999 Toll Road Scheme: BTO Franchise Period: 30 years from 1999 Operator: CITRA

7 Manila-Cavite Toll Expressway (MCTE) Section in operation: 6.6 km upgraded expressway from Seaside Drive to Zapote Year of Opening Present Section: July 1998 Toll Road Scheme: BTO Franchise Period: 35 years from 1998 Operator: PEA

8 STAR Tollway Sto. Tomas Tanauan City Malvar Lipa City 20 kms long Operator: Star Infrastructure Development Corporation

9 Existing Expressway Network in MM

10 Characteristics of Expressways (1) High speeds High traffic volumes Divided by a barrier Guardrail Concrete barrier Grassy median Multiple lanes per direction Controlled access

11 Characteristics of Expressways (2) High speeds Good pavement conditions Vertical and horizontal sight distances Controlled access No roadside friction No intersections Restriction to slow moving or vulnerable modes Minimum speed limit Restriction to some motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians, etc.

12 Characteristics of Expressways (3) High-risk environment Entering Driving on Exiting

13 Safety Features (1) Rumble strips at the road edge Median barriers Guard rails

14 Safety Features (2) Crash barrels (e.g. vinyl liquid or sand-filled drums) at decision points Lane assignment Traffic signals (for lane usage) Lane markings Lighting

15 Road Signs Regulatory signs Warning signs Information signs

16 Other Expressway Features (1) Entrance facilities Entrance ramp Acceleration lane Merge area Exit facilities Deceleration lane Exit ramp

17 Problems and Risk Reduction Area Problems Risk Reduction Entrance ramp Accelerat ion lane Merge area Exit lane Picking the wrong ramp Traffic ahead and behind on the ramp Sharp curves on the ramp Visibility problems ahead and to the expressway Amount of traffic in land and on expressway Short acceleration lane Limited space ahead Actions of drivers ahead and behind Heavy traffic Lack of gap to merge Traffic slowing or stopping ahead Visibility problems ahead and to the side Weave lane conflicts Traffic on exit ramp Short deceleration lane Very slow ramp speed Search for the proper entrance Search ahead, behind and to the expressway Prepare to adjust speed for blocked ramp Avoid stopping or backing on ramp Search ahead and for gap on expressway Prepare to adjust speed Pull ahead onto the shoulder if no merge is available Search ahead and to the side Prepare to blend speed with traffic Change lanes smoothly Search ahead and communicate with other driver Search ahead, prepare to slow or stop Search rear, slow down Slow down

18 Other Expressway Features (2) Ramp meter signals Changeable message signs Traffic radio, television, and telephone Internet High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes Highway assistance

19

20

21

22 Location of Accidents In 2003: 11% 4% 2% Total Number of Reported Accidents: 16,418 8% 39% National Road Expressway Provincial Road City Road Number of Accidents along Expressway: Municipal Road Barangay Road 6515 ~ (40%) 36% Expressway Length approx. 150 km. Unsafe? Or just better data collection here than on other roads?

23 Expressway Accidents No. of Accidents NLT SLT Skyway No. of M aj or Accidents NLT SLT Skyway Year Year Source: Traffic Management and Safety Division, PNCC

24 Expressways Casualties N o. o f In j ured V ictim s NLT SLT Skyway 60 N o o f F a t a l i t i e s NLT SLT Skyway Year Year Source: Traffic Management and Safety Division, PNCC

25 For better comparison: Work on accident rates, not on actual figures/numbers per million entering vehicles on interchanges (MEV) per million vehicle kilometers (MVK) or million vehicle lane-kilometers on long sections

26 Factors Affecting Road Safety HUMAN Deficiency in one could lead to traffic accidents. VEHICLE ROAD

27 Issues and Concerns Cost Effectiveness of Safety Features Safety Action Plan of Expressway Operators Measurable objectives Highway improvements, vehicle conditions, IEC, law enforcement, emergency services Safety First

28 Life is a Journey

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