THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR

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1 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR 2013 Law ley Pub li ca tions. All Rights Re served. VOL 27, NO 2 MARCH 22, 2013 Cell Phone GPS Data Points to Pos si ble New Tac tics for Re duc ing Con ges tion Research ers Sug gest Tar get ing Spe cific Groups of Driv ers to Alter Rush Hour Com mutes; TDM Can Play Role A new study indi cates that get ting any driv ers to avoid rush hour can help a city s traf fic con ges tion to some degree, but ask - ing driv ers from spe cific neigh bor hoods to alter their com mute could make a much big ger dif fer ence. The con clu sion comes from engi neers at the Mas sa chu setts Insti tute of Tech nol - ogy and the Uni ver sity of Cal i for nia, Berke ley, who ana lyzed traf fic pat terns in Boston and San Fran cisco by study ing GPS sig nals from cell phones. It s the first large-scale traf fic study to use anon y mous cell phone data, rather than sur vey data or infor ma tion from U.S. Cen sus Bureau travel dia ries. While the two cit ies have com mut ing pat terns described as rad i - cally dif fer ent, research ers dis cov ered one big sim i lar ity. In both cit ies, cer tain neigh bor hoods caused more than their share of traffic tie-ups. In the study, the research ers reported that reduc ing the peak period trips of one per cent of all driv ers across a road net work would reduce delays caused by con ges tion by about three per cent. How ever, reduc ing the peak period trips of one per cent of driv - ers from care fully selected neigh bor hoods would reduce extra travel time for all other driv ers in the met ro pol i tan area by as much as 18 percent. Researcher Alexandre Bayen, of UC Berke ley, says the pre lim i nary study indi - cates that reach ing out to every body to change their time or mode of com mute is thus not nec es sar ily as effi cient as reach ing out to those in a par tic u lar geo graphic area who con trib ute most to bot tle necks. Bayen does note that while com puter mod - el ing sug gests this strat egy would work, it would be up to pol icy mak ers to decide Bike Horn Mim ics Car Horn to Help Improve Bicyclist Safety Loud Bicy cle Horn to be Avail able this Sum mer Loud Bicy cle inven tor Jon a than Lansey says he got the idea for the car-like horn for bicy cles after a bicy clist friend was struck by a turn ing driver who was dis tracted by a blar ing car radio. The driver did n t hear the bicy clist s warn ing screams before the collision. For tu nately, Lansey says his friend was not seri ously injured, but he fig ured, no one should have to rely on luck when faced with a life-threat en ing sit u a tion. The prob - lem is that yell ing at driv ers is not very whether it s prac ti cal or desir able to tar get specific neighborhoods. The study indi cates that in Boston, Please turn to Page 9 effec tive. There is a delay while the driver is pro cess ing the sound of a yell, won der - ing if it is even directed at them. Lansey says the sound of a honk ing horn is dif fer ent. Driv ers react imme di - ately to the sound of a car horn, even before they see where the sound is com ing from. So, he put together a pro to type for a new type of bicy cle horn and was imme di ately amazed at how effec tive a bike-car-horn was at alert ing drivers. Please turn to Page 9 Inside Sur veys....page 12 Requests for Pro pos als....page 28 Confer ences...page 29 The Loud Bicycle Horn (black) attached to a bicycle. (Photo: Courtesy of Loud Bicycle)

2 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, MARCH 22, 2013, VOL. 27, NO. 2 Page 2 New cas tle Uni ver sity Test ing SatNav Sys tem to Help Driv ers Catch More Green Lights Driv ers Will Be Told the Best Speed to Travel to Avoid Red Lights and Warned about Road way Ob sta cles Researchers at Newcastle University are test ing a tech nol ogy that could help driv ers hit more green lights on their daily com - mute and avoid ap proach ing dan ger. The Satellite Navigation system, being tested in seven Eu ro pean cit ies, is de signed to tell driv ers how to ad just their speed to avoid red lights and warn them about ob sta cles in the road ahead. In the United King dom, New cas tle Uni ver sity and the New cas tle City Coun cil are lead ing the trial in an ef fort to help re - duce con ges tion in the city and re duce the pol lu tion that co mes with stop-start driv - ing. Though traf fic man age ment sys tems are al ready in place in the city, Phil Blythe, Pro fes sor of In tel li gent Trans port Sys tems at New cas tle Uni ver sity, says this trial is unique be cause it will be giv ing in for ma - tion directly to the driver. He ex plains that the tech nol ogy could tell a driver ex actly what speed to drive to hit a se ries of traf fic lights while they re green. Dur ing peak travel times and more con gested traf fic pe ri ods, key roads could be given pri or ity to keep traf fic flowing. The 10 mil lion Euro pro ject is called Compass4D Co op er a tive Mo bil ity Pi lot on Safety and Sustainability Ser vices for De ploy ment and is be ing funded by the Eu ro pean Un ion s pro gram of Com pet i - tive ness and In no va tion. Compass4D will run for three years, but the trial pe riod, in which the ef fects of the tech nol o gies will be mea sured, is sched uled to last one year. Af ter that, re search ers plan to keep the infrastructure in place. In ad di tion to New cas tle, it s be ing tested in: Bor deaux, France; Co pen ha gen, Den mark; Eindhoven-Helmond, Neth er - lands; Thessoloniki, Greece; Ve ro na, It - aly; and Vigo, Spain. New cas tle s city coun cil is co op er at ing with its Eu ro pean part ners so the test cit ies can learn from one an other and ad dress common challenges. Yvonne Huebner of New cas tle Uni ver - sity, who is lead ing the pro ject in the U.K., says the goal is to in clude 334 ve hi cles in the seven-city pi lot pro gram with more than 550 us ers. In New cas tle, 10 ve hi cles have ini tially been equipped with the SatNav tech nol ogy, but she hopes to re - cruit more ve hi cles once the trial has started. The ve hi cles in New cas tle will use an in-ve hi cle unit to com mu ni cate with smart traf fic lights con trolled by the city s Ur ban Traf fic Man age ment Control (UTMC) centre. Huebner says the tech nol ogy be ing tested dif fers from other com mer cial in-ve - hi cle nav i ga tion sys tems that pro vide in - for ma tion on min i mum time paths be cause of the pack age of ser vices be ing tested on such a large scale. The sys tem will pro vide three services: Energy Efficiency Intersection Service (EEIS), al low ing the driver to choose a fuel-sav ing and com fort able speed pro - file to cross the in ter sec tion ef fi ciently. For ward Col li sion Warn ing (FCW), in or der to re duce road ac ci dents by warn - ing driv ers about queu ing traf fic or other ve hi cles sud denly break ing/de - celerating ahead. Red Light Vi o la tion Warn ing (RLVW), to re duce the num ber of red The lo ca tions where the Compass4D is be ing tested. (Photo: Cour tesy of New - castle University) light violations and to minimize the im pacts of such vi o la tions (such as emergency vehicles crossing). The trial is the first of its kind in the United King dom, and Huebner ex pects the first re sults to be avail able to ward the mid dle of Up dated in for ma tion will be avail able on the Compass4D website at: Huebner ex pects the tech nol ogy to ben e fit more than just car driv ers. She says that by cre at ing a joined up in for ma - tion sys tem for all road us ers, we can give other us ers, such as the emer gency ser - vices and bus driv ers, in for ma tion which can help them get to their des ti na tion quickly and safely. For more in for ma tion, please visit: elease/item/satnav-to-ease-congestion-in -our-cities and or con tact Yvonne Hueber at yvonne.huebner@ncl.ac.uk. The Urban Trans por ta tion Mon i tor, ISSN , is pub lished monthly, except dur ing Jan u ary and August (10 issues per year), by Law - ley Pub li ca tions, 6813 Jer e miah Ct., Fairfax Sta - tion, VA 22039, Tel: (703) , Fax: (703) , edi tors@lawleypub lications.com. Sub scrip tions $295 per year. Peri - od i cals post age paid at Fairfax, VA. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to The Urban Trans por ta tion Mon i tor, P.O. Box 12300, Burke, VA The Urban Trans por ta tion Mon i tor pub lishes cur rent news on all modes and aspects related to urban trans por ta tion. Law ley Pub li ca tions is an inde pend ent and pri vately owned orga ni za tion. Copy right 2013, Law ley Pub li ca tions. All Rights Reserved. Repro duc tion, includ ing pho - to copy ing and fac sim ile or elec tronic trans mis - sion, in whole or in part with out writ ten per mis sion from the Edi tor is expressly pro hib ited. Law ley Pub li ca tions assumes no respon si bil ity or lia bil ity of any kind for the accu racy or com - plete ness of the infor ma tion herein, or for addi - tional or changed infor ma tion sub se quent to the date the mate rial was received and/or pub lished. Publisher/Editor: Dan iel B. Rathbone, Ph.D., P.E. Man ag ing Edi tor: Clarissa Reeves, M.Ed. Senior Edi tor/writer: Carol Ochs

3 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, MARCH 22, 2013, VOL. 27 NO. 2 Page 3 Sec ond HOT Pro ject Opens in Los An geles Area Initial Travel Speeds Above 45 miles per hour 100 Per cent of the Time A sec ond high oc cu pancy toll (HOT) pro - ject opened last month in the Los An geles area, and the re sults are en cour ag ing thus far. The toll lanes are part of a one-year dem on stra tion pro gram that in volves the con ver sion of high oc cu pancy ve hi cle (HOV) lanes to HOT lanes to re duce con - ges tion and green house gas emis sions. The 14-mile stretch of lanes on the I-10 San Bernardino Free way run be tween the I-605 free way and Un ion Sta tion/alameda Street near down town Los An geles. Last month s open ing fol lows the in tro duc tion of 11 miles of Metro ExpressLanes on the I-110 Har bor Free way late last year. The lanes on In ter state 10 opened on Sat ur day, Feb ru ary 23, and dur ing their first week day test, the Los An geles County Met ro pol i tan Trans por ta tion Au thor ity (Metro) re ported that speeds in the ExpressLanes through the morn ing com - mute on Mon day re mained above the tar - geted 45 mph the en tire time. Metro calls the roll-out of the HOT lanes very suc - cess ful, and it is cur rently eval u at ing the feasibility of implementing a HOT lane pro ject on I-5 through a pub lic-pri vate part ner ship. The new est set of HOT lanes op er ate 24 hours per day, seven days a week. There are two HOT lanes in each di rec tion for nine of the 14 miles. The re main ing five miles have one HOT lane per peak di rec tion. Dou ble white lines sep a rate the HOT lanes from gen eral pur pose lanes, and dashed white lines are used to pro vide ac - cess and egress to the lanes. Close to the entrance of the I-10 ExpressLanes in the LA area. (Photo: Cour tesy of Los An geles County Met ro pol i tan Trans por ta tion Au thor ity) The I-10 ExpressLanes in the Los Angeles Area (Photo: Courtesy of the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Authority) Gen eral pur pose lanes on the I-110 and I-10 are not tolled. Ve hi cles with two oc cu - pants pay a toll to use the HOT lanes dur ing peak pe ri ods and sin gle oc cu pant ve hi cles are re quired to pay a toll any time they use the ExpressLanes (the HOT lanes). In other words, ve hi cles with two oc cu pants can travel the I-10 HOT lanes for a toll dur ing peak travel times (5 a.m. to 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. to 7 p.m., Mon day to Fri day) but can travel for free all other times. Ve hi cles with three or more oc cu pants can use the lanes toll-free. Ve hi cles us ing the lanes must set a FasTrak tran sponder to in di cate whether there are one, two or three or more passengers in the vehicle. Tolls can change as of ten as ev ery five min utes and range from $0.25 to $1.40 per mile, de pend ing on the level of con ges tion. With this con ges tion pric ing, ve hi cles en - ter ing the ExpressLanes are lim ited in or der to keep traf fic flowing. Metro puts the cap i tal cost of the I-10 HOT lanes at ap prox i mately $67 mil lion dol lars with fund ing pro vided by a Fed eral Con ges tion Re duc tion Dem on stra tion grant. The es ti mated an nual toll ing rev e nue for the I-10 and I-110 is $18 mil lion to $20 mil lion, and the es ti mated an nual op er at ing and main te nance costs for both highways is $10 million. Metro says it s too soon to tell if tran sit ridership and carpools have in creased on the free way as a re sult of the HOT lanes, but it an tic i pates an in crease in both. On day one, Metro re ports there were 4,213 free trips on I-10 west bound dur - ing the morn ing peak travel pe riod and 3,903 pay ing ve hi cles. Less than 30 per - cent of the ve hi cles on the first day were con sid ered to be il le gal us ers of the HOT lanes. Av er age daily num bers are not yet avail able. The as sumed ca pac ity per lane per hour for the HOT lanes is 1,700 vehicles. Metro says that in a first for an ExpressLanes pro ject, low-in come com - mu ters can re ceive a $25 toll credit when they set up an Eq uity Plan ac count, and the tran sponder de posit is waived. To qual ify, mo tor ists must live in Los An - geles County and have an an nual in come less than $37,061 for a fam ily of three. For more in for ma tion, please visit: 192tBM_1_s/expresslanes/ or pening-metro-expresslanes-along-14- miles-of-i10sb/ or con tact Rick Jager at JagerR@metro.net.

4 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, MARCH 22, 2013, VOL. 27 NO. 2 Page 4 In te grated Cor ri dor Man age ment Be ing Tested in Two Met ro pol i tan Ar eas this Spring San Diego and Dal las Cho sen for Fed eral Pi lot Pro gram The the ory of In te grated Cor ri dor Man - age ment (ICM) as a means of tack ling trans por ta tion con ges tion is be ing put to the test this spring. The U.S. De part ment of Trans por ta tion (USDOT) is run ning pi lot pro grams in two ma jor met ro pol i tan ar eas Dal las and San Diego. There is plenty of traf fic in for ma tion avail able these days, but USDOT says it is of ten frag mented, out dated or not com - pletely use ful. While ma jor high ways may be con gested, there can be un used ca - pac ity along par al lel routes, the non-peak direction on freeways and arterials, and in sin gle-oc cu pant ve hi cles and tran sit ser - vices. By tak ing a big-pic ture look at the entire traffic corridor, it s believed these ar eas could be leveraged to help reduce congestion. A six-month ini tial rollout pe riod for ICM test ing in San Diego be gan ear lier this month, and the test pe riod in Dal las be gins The US - 75 cor ri dor in the Dal las met ro pol i tan area was one of two lo ca tions cho sen for the ICM pi lot pro gram. (Photo: the FHWA) April 1. The Fed eral High way Ad min is tra - tion (FHWA) says this rollout pe riod will al low the two sites to test the func tion al ity of their sys tems, val i date their re sponse plans and build up the con fi dence of their local partners. The FHWA says there are four con cur - rent ICM stages un der way: Dem on stra - tion; Analysis, Modeling and Simulation; Eval u a tion; and Knowl edge and Tech nol - ogy Trans fer. The ICM dem on stra tion stage con sists of two phases de sign and de ploy ment, and op er a tions and maintenance. San Diego is im ple ment ing ICM on its I-15 Cor ri dor, and Dal las will use it on its US-75 Cor ri dor. Im ple men ta tion in cludes de vel op ing op er a tional agree ments be - tween lo cal part ners, de vel op ing joint re - sponse plans, in te grat ing data sys tems, de - ploy ing tech nol ogy to sup port ICM and de ploy ing the central decision support system. Ac cord ing to the FHWA, the Anal y sis, Mod el ing and Sim u la tion (AMS) stage uti lizes anal y sis meth od ol ogy to eval u ate ICM for the dem on stra tion cor ri dors pre-de ploy ment and post-de ploy ment op - er a tion. The Eval u a tion stage looks at the effectiveness of the ICM demonstration sites over the life of the en tire dem on stra - tion pro ject. The fi nal stage, Knowl edge and Tech nol ogy Trans fer, con sists of guid ance de vel op ment and de liv ery of knowl edge trans fer through pre sen ta tions and briefings, technical workshops and peer-to-peer support. No par tic u lar com po nents of ICM are deemed more im por tant than oth ers. The FHWA says ICM re quires the fol low ing: an ac cep tance and adop tion of a pro-ac tive ap proach to man age ment; ad vanc ing in te - gra tion and dis sem i na tion of data and in - for ma tion; im prov ing the op er a tion of net - work junc tions; ac com mo dat ing and pro - mot ing cross net work route and modal shifts; and man ag ing and mod i fy ing the ca pac ity-de mand re la tion ship within the cor ri dor. Tra di tional cor ri dor stud ies have focused on a specific corridor element, such as a free way at a par tic u lar time of day. The ICM ap proach an a lyzes dif fer ent op er a tional con di tions across time and modes and across a large enough geographic area to absorb all impacts. To do this, the ICM ini tia tive de vel oped an AMS meth od ol ogy to help cor ri dor man ag ers better un der stand the im pact of ICM in their cor ri dors. This meth od ol ogy in cludes: mac ro scopic trip ta ble ma nip u la - tion for the de ter mi na tion of over all trip pat terns, mesoscopic anal y sis of the im - pact of driver be hav ior in re ac tion to ICM strat e gies (both within and be tween modes), and mi cro scopic anal y sis of the im pact of traf fic con trol strat e gies at road - way junc tions (such as arterial intersections or freeway interchanges). Eval u a tions will cover mo bil ity and safety in the cor ri dor, trav eler re sponse, in - sti tu tional and or ga ni za tional com po nents, tech ni cal ca pa bil ity, de ci sion sup port sys - tems, cost-ben e fit analysis and air quality. The dem on stra tion stage of the pro gram in Dal las co mes at a cost of $5.3 mil lion in USDOT fund ing with a site match of $3 mil lion. The San Diego pro gram is us ing $8.6 mil lion in USDOT fund ing with $2.2 mil lion in site match ing funds. The FHWA ex pects the im ple men ta - tion of ICM to ac com plish five goals: im - prove situational awareness, enhance re - sponse and con trol, better in form trav el ers, im prove cor ri dor per for mance and have ben e fits that out weigh the costs. ICM is ex - pected to have a pos i tive ef fect or no ef fect on air qual ity and safety. The im ple men ta - tion of ICM is ex pected to ben e fit from decision support systems. For more in for ma tion, visit: or con tact Rob ert Sheehan at Robert.sheehan@dot.gov or (202)

5 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, MARCH 22, 2013, VOL. 27 NO. 2 Page 5 Ski-type Gon do las Be ing Con sid ered to Ease Ur ban Con ges tion Texas City Ex plor ing Costs and Ben e fits of Gon dola Op tion Things are look ing up when it co mes to traf fic con ges tion in Round Rock, Texas. City officials are considering the possibility of us ing ski-lift type gon do las to get com mu ters off the roads and into the sky. Round Rock Mayor Alan McGraw says ev ery body has the same re ac tion when they ini tially hear about ski lifts for mass tran sit. The first thing they do is laugh, he says, but when they learn more and dig into the de tails, they start ask ing, Why aren t we con sid er ing it? As a skier, McGraw says he s seen first-hand how ef fi ciently ski re sorts can move large num bers of peo ple with ski lifts, and he s thought for years that lifts might be a tran sit al ter na tive in ur ban ar - eas. How ever, his thoughts on the mat ter usu ally pro voked gig gles and the idea did not re ally go any where, un til five or six months ago. McGraw says some one for - warded an ar ti cle to him about plans for an ur ban gon dola sys tem that was be ing de - vel oped at the in ter na tional de sign com - pany called frog. The de sign com pany, which has an of - fice in nearby Aus tin, Texas, had put No tice: Our pre vi ous is sue (Vol. 27 Num ber 1, page 4) con tained an ar ti cle about the abil ity of AirSage to track mo bile de - vices. AirSage con tacted The Ur ban Trans por ta tion Mon i tor and asked us to em pha size that the track ing is anon y - mous. They also asked us to in clude the following statement: AirSage cap tures anon y mous data from mo bile de vices as they in ter act with cell tow ers. Be cause this tech nol - ogy does not re quire an en gaged GPS sys tem which lim its the pool of in for - ma tion AirSage data is richer and can re veal broader pop u la tion move ment pat terns, of ten with unexpected insights. young de sign ers to work on this gon dola idea as a learn ing ex pe ri ence, and they had de vel oped a pre sen ta tion to high light how this ski-lift sys tem could work. They gave a pre sen ta tion on the gon dola idea to the city of Aus tin last year, and McGraw in vited the de sign ers to make their pitch to the Round Rock City Council last month. This po ten tially new form of mass tran - sit is be ing called ur ban ca ble. In its pre - sentation, frog de sign out lined the many ad van tages it says ur ban ca ble of fers to com mu ters. For in stance, stud ies have shown that com mu ters of ten ex press con - cerns about crowd ing and clean li ness on con ven tional forms of mass tran sit, such as buses and sub ways. They say the high-speed, de tach able gon do las used in ur - ban ca ble come closer to the au to mo bile ex - pe ri ence. In di vid ual gon do las would carry only four to eight people. In ad di tion, the gon do las they de scribe would move along their route at a speed of mph and then slow to a lit tle less than 2 mph when they en ter a sta tion. No sched - ul ing is nec es sary. The gon do las never stop mov ing, which means the lines to use the gon do las keep mov ing, too. Sta tion plat - forms are level, which keeps the gon do las ADA com pli ant and makes it easy for peo - ple to roll stroll ers, wheel chairs or bi cy cles onto the vehicles. As the gon do las ar rive at a sta tion, they re lease from the over head ca ble and move on a mo tor ized track, de scribed as es sen - tially a mov ing side walk. Be cause the gon - do las can de tach from the ca ble, en gi neers can de sign ca ble sys tems that are ca pa ble of turn ing cor ners or mak ing sharp turns. Cars can be added or sub tracted as dic tated by de mand, and they can be eas ily re moved from the sys tem for cleaning or maintenance. Frog de sign says the gon dola ca ble can be strung high or low over a city as nec es - sary, de pend ing on the type of in fra struc - ture that needs to be cleared. The gon dola ca ble sys tem also of fers fuel ef fi ciency and the pos si bil ity of no carbon emissions. When it co mes to cost, McGraw says ur ban ca ble is much less ex pen sive than conventional rail installations. Designers es ti mate the ur ban ca ble sys tem could be in stalled for around $12 to $24 mil lion per mile. Ac cord ing to McGraw, that com - pares to es ti mates of around $100 mil lion per mile for a light rail system in Austin. Besides the comparatively lower price, McGraw says a big sell ing point to him is the idea of not hav ing to ad just a per son s com mute to a tran sit sched ule. With a gon dola com ing by ev ery 30 sec onds or so, com mu ters won t have to change their sched ules just to fit the avail able tran sit. The gon do las also of fer more per sonal space than buses or trains. McGraw says the ur ban ca ble idea is still in its in fancy in Round Rock. The city re cently learned of a fed eral grant for study ing al ter na tive types of trans por ta - tion that have n t been used be fore, and the city is putt ing to gether a pack age to see if grant money can be used to take the idea a step farther. When asked, McGraw says he won t even be gin to spec u late about when such a sys tem could ac tu ally take to the skies in Round Rock. While the ski gon do las are a proven tech nol ogy, McGraw says there s still a need to get pub lic opin ion from the point of ask ing, Are we try ing to be the Jetsons? to the point where the gon do las could pos si bly be seen as a vi a ble so lu tion to some of the city s trans por ta tion prob - lems an other arrow in the quiver. For more in for ma tion, please visit: _Hlt _Hlt dBM_1_ BM_2_ex.asp?page=10&record_Hlt _Hlt iBM_3_BM_4_d =2997 to view the frog de sign pre sen ta - tion to the city coun cil or n.html or con tact Courtney Nielson at the City of Round Rock at cnielson@roundrocktexas.gov.

6 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, MARCH 22, 2013, VOL. 27 NO. 2 Page 6 A Glimpse Into the Fu ture of a Con nected City It is Pos tu lated that Ev ery one and Ev ery thing Ben e fits from In tel li gent Wire less Con nec tions The GSMA (Groupe Speciale Mo bile As - so ci a tion) has given peo ple a chance to see what life might be like in the fu ture when en tire cit ies are linked through in tel li gent wire less con nec tions. The Con nected City it un veiled at last month s Mo bile World Con gress 2013 fea tured a city street set ting com plete with a town hall, de part - ment store, apart ment, elec tri cal store, ho - tel, cafe and lounge, of fice and car show - room. Those at tend ing the event in Bar ce lona, Spain, could stroll the ex hibit city to see how mo bile de vices may one day im prove the daily lives of peo ple through their use in ed u ca tion, health, homes, re tail and trans por ta tion. With ex hib its from AT&T, Deut sche Telekom, KT, Telenor Connexion and Vodafone, the GSMA built on the Con nected House con cept to take wire less con nec tions to a new level. Ac cord ing to GSMA, by 2020, there will be 25 bil lion con nected de vices, and at least half will be con nected by mo bile tech - nology. Chief Marketing Officer Michael O Hara says the possibilities offered by that kind of con nec tiv ity are lim ited only by our imag i na tion. The Con nected City al lowed vis i tors to ex plore how the growth in mobile technology will impact vertical in dus tries and how stra te gic part ner ships could take advantage of this market. In the realm of trans por ta tion, GSMA s Aston Mar tin One-77 dis play showed how sen sors em bed ded into the cranks and frame of the con nected road bike could let it com mu ni cate with an on-board com - puter to dis play more than 100 chan nels of in for ma tion. The in for ma tion in cluded speed, at mo spheric pres sure and ca dence, as well as cal cu lated in puts such as rate of climb and rider power. Em bed ded tech nol - ogy in its Cooltra Con nected Elec tric Scooter lets cus tom ers know in real time where and when Cooltra s con nected rental scoot ers are avail able in a number of cities around Spain. Deut sche Telekom and IBM dem on - strated how they are us ing mo bile tech nol - ogy to op ti mize ser vices such as pub lic transport, energy, security and water man - age ment in an ur ban set ting. Their Con - nected Port So lu tions gave at ten dees a chance to see an in tel li gent har bor so lu tion that optimizes road and sea traf fic con trol. Telenor Connexion showcased its con - nected ser vices in collaboration with Volvo Cars. Vodafone dem on strated how its En - ergy Data Man age ment so lu tion, so lar en - ergy pro duc tion mon i tor ing, re motely con trolled street light ing and dig i tal sign - age can en able a smart city. Its Smart Mo - bil ity dis play was in tended to help vis i tors see how M2M is trans form ing the au to mo - tive and trans por ta tion in dus tries through such ser vices as real-time in for ma tion sys - tems for pub lic trans port, en hanced driver experience with telematics solutions or us - Positions: Se nior Traf fic En gi neer, City of Fed eral Way $5,821-$7,372/month Tel. (253) age-based insurance services with Vodafone Vehicle Connect. The GSMA rep re sents the in ter ests of mo bile op er a tors in more than 220 coun - tries. It unites nearly 800 of the world s mo bile op er a tors with more than 230 com - pa nies in the broader mo bile eco sys tem, in clud ing hand set mak ers, soft ware com - pa nies, equip ment pro vid ers and Internet com pa nies, as well as or ga ni za tions in in - dus try sec tors such as fi nan cial ser vices, healthcare, media, transport and utilities. For more in for ma tion, please visit: nnected-city/ and 13-photos/. Se nior Travel De mand Mod eler and Pro ject Man ager At lanta, GA (Job code TDF000001) Cam bridge Sys tem at ics is seek ing an in di vid ual re spon si ble for the di rec tion and ex e - cu tion of pro ject tasks in col lab o ra tion with other mod el ers. This in di vid ual will de - velop model in put data and es ti mate pa ram e ters, con duct val i da tion of travel de mand mod els, ex e cute model runs and eval u ate re sults, re search new mod el ing tech niques, and test soft ware en hance ments. The po si tion also in cludes some re spon si bil ity for busi ness de vel op ment ac tiv i ties, in clud ing proactive lead track ing and pro posal de vel - op ment. Qualifications: Master s de gree in ei ther Ur ban and Re gional Plan ning/trans por ta tion En gi neer ing; 8-12 years ex pe ri ence in hands-on de vel op ment/ap pli ca tion of travel de - mand mod els; Cube, Voy ager, TRANPLAN, TP+, and TransCAD soft ware and sta tis - ti cal pack ages; GIS skills with ArcGIS and/or TransCAD; MS Ac cess, Ex cel, Word, PowerPoint; ex cel lent writ ten/oral com mu ni ca tion; ex pe ri ence work ing with sur veys, and us ing Cen sus-re lated data prod ucts. Ex pe ri ence with task/pro ject man age ment is highly de sir able and con tacts in hands-on busi ness de vel op ment in the At lanta re gion. Spe cific ap pli ca tion ex pe ri ence with At lanta Re gional Com mis sion and Geor gia DOT mod els, tran sit ridership fore cast ing (in clud ing New Starts), and road way pro ject traf - fic fore cast ing is highly de sir able as well as fa mil iar ity with travel de mand mod els used in FLA and in the SE U.S. Please send re sume to resume@camsys.com and ref er ence job code TDF

7 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, MARCH 22, 2013, VOL. 27 NO. 2 Page 7 Ac tive Trans por ta tion Could Im prove Pub lic Health and Re duce Green house Gas Emis sions Re search ers Quan tify Ben e fits of Walk ing and Bi cy cling in San Fran cisco Bay Area Ef forts to re duce pol lu tion and green house gas emis sions of ten cen ter on lower car bon fuels and alternative fuel vehicles, but a team of re search ers in Cal i for nia says that en cour ag ing more peo ple to walk or ride their bi cy cles could not only re duce pol lu - tion but also help im prove pub lic health. A study on this so-called ac tive trans - por ta tion in the San Fran cisco Bay Area sug gests that if me dian daily walk ing and bi cy cling was in creased from 4 to 22 min - utes, cardiovascular disease and diabetes could be re duced by 14 per cent, or 32,466 dis abil ity-ad justed life years (DALYs). DALYs are the sum of years of life lost be - cause of premature disability. With more peo ple on foot and on bi cy - cles, the study pre dicts the traf fic in jury bur den would be in creased by 39 per cent, or 5,907 DALYs. Still, au thors of the re - port say that in the most am bi tious ac tive trans port sce nario, the po ten tial harm from more ac tive trans por ta tion is ap prox i - mately 14 per cent (based on DALYs) of the ben e fit from physical activity. When it co mes to pol lu tion lev els, the study says green house gas emis sions (GHGE) would be de creased by 14 per - cent. In com par i son, low-car bon driv ing would re duce GHGE by 33.5 per cent and the cardiorespiratory dis ease bur den by less than one percent. This in ter na tional, in ter dis ci plin ary study was con ducted by Sean Co, a plan ner for ac tive trans por ta tion with the Bay Area s Met ro pol i tan Trans por ta tion Com - mission, Neil Maizlish, Ph.D., epidemiolo gist for the Cen ter for Chronic Dis ease Pre ven tion and Health Pro mo tion at the California Department of Public Health in Sac ra mento, and Amir Fanai and Da vid Fairley, Ph.D., with the Bay Area Qual ity Man age ment Dis trict in San Fran cisco. They joined with re search ers from the Cen tre for Re search in En vi ron men tal Ep i - de mi ol ogy in Bar ce lona, Spain, and the Cen tre for Diet and Ac tiv ity Re search in the United Kingdom, who provided the health impact modeling tool (ITHIM). The pre dicted in crease in road traf fic in ju ries in the study is higher than that found in pre vi ous re search in Lon don. In ITHIM base line data, re search ers found that Bay Area pe des tri ans and bi cy clists ex - pe ri enced 14.9 per cent of fa tal and se ri ous road traf fic in ju ries, though they trav eled only 2.1 per cent of all road way miles. The au thors point out that a sig nif i cant per - cent age of walk ers and bi cy clists in the U.S. re port feel ing threat ened by the pres - ence of mo tor ists, crime or in ad e quate in - fra struc ture. Maizlish notes that there are many pol icy, in fra struc ture/en gi neer ing, en force ment and ed u ca tional in ter ven - tions that could help reduce this public health risk from accidents. Maizlish adds that some re search ers have sug gested that the health ben e fits of walk ing and bi cy cling could be cancelled out if pe des trians and bi cy clists use busy thor ough fares with heavy au to mo tive ex - haust. How ever, he says that on a pop u la - tion ba sis, sev eral stud ies have shown that the health co-ben e fits of phys i cal ac - tiv ity ap pear to far ex ceed harms caused by walk ing and bi cy cling in polluting traffic. The California study, titled Health Cobenefits and Trans por ta tion-re lated Re duc tions in Green house Gas Emis - sions in the San Fran cisco Bay Area, was pub lished on line in Feb ru ary in the Amer - i can Jour nal of Public Health. For more in for ma tion, please visit: or con - tact Sean Co at SCo@mtc.ca.gov or Neil Maizlish at Neil.Maizlish@cdph.ca.gov. A protected bicycle lane in Washington, D.C. (Photo: Cour tesy of The Bike Belong Foundation)

8 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, MARCH 22, 2013, VOL. 27 NO. 2 Page 8 Product and Industry News Iteris In tro duces SmartCycle for Bi cy cle De tec tion at In ter sec tions As more peo ple turn to bi cy cles for com - muting and other activities, more officials are see ing the need to mon i tor and take bi - cycle traffic into consideration. Iteris is adapt ing to the up surge in bi cy cling by launch ing a new prod uct it calls SmartCycle. Iteris says SmartCycle is de signed to give traf fic en gi neers and plan ners a cost-ef fec tive way to bring their traf fic management systems into compliance with new regulations that require bicycle detec - tion capabilities. SmartCycle can differen - tiate between bicycles and other vehicles at an intersection to allow more efficient sig nal ized in ter sec tions and max i mized traf fic through put. The new prod uct is an ad di tion to the Iteris Vantage video detection product suite. SmartCycle uses a sin gle video de tec - tion cam era that faces a ded i cated ap - proach. Iteris says the sys tem can be placed any where within the ap proach ing traf fic lanes, elim i nat ing the need for sep a rate bi - cycle-only detection systems. Bill Sowell, Iteris Vice Pres i dent, Sales and Mar ket ing Road Sen sors, ex plains that the video de tec tion sys tem em ploys spe - cial al go rithms that an a lyze real-time video of in ter sec tion ap proaches. The video is dig i tized and run through a spe cial al go rithm that iden ti fies mov ing and stopped ob jects on the trav eled road way. Ad di tional anal y sis is per formed by search ing for spe cific fea tures that are unique to bi cy cles. Sowell says that once a bi cy cle or group of bi cy cles is iden ti fied, a sig nal is pro vided to the in ter sec tion traf fic con trol ler so ap pro pri ate green time is pro vided for the bi cy clists. The ex - tra green time en ables bi cy cle rid ers to safely traverse the intersection with sufficient time. Tra di tion ally, Sowell says bi cy cles have been de tected by us ing spe cial in duc - tive loops coiled wires em bed ded into the pave ment in ded i cated bi cy cle lanes. The Iteris tech nol ogy al lows bi cy - clists to ride in any lane, and Sowell says it is especially beneficial when a bicyclist is in the left turn lane. Van tage SmartCycle has been de ployed and tested in bi cy cle friendly cit ies and uni - ver si ties, and Sowell de scribes its per for - mance as out stand ing. He says it has in - creased in ter sec tion safety and re ceived excellent feedback. When it co mes to cost, Sowell says Van - tage video de tec tion for an in ter sec tion, in - stalled, is ap prox i mately $16,000 to $20,000, de pend ing on site spe cific el e - ments such as lengths of ca ble and lo cal labor rates. Abbas Mohaddes, Pres i dent and CEO of Iteris, says SmartCycle pro vides a clear ad - van tage as we pur sue de tec tion op por tu ni - ties for the es ti mated 50,000 sig nal ized in - ter sec tions na tion wide where cy cling is most abun dant. The com pany s Van tage video ve hi cle de tec tion tech nol ogy is in use in North Amer ica, Latin Amer ica, Eu rope, Asia and the Mid dle East with more than 100,000 op er a tional video detection sensors. SmartCycle is avail able for im me di ate pur chase and im ple men ta tion. Tech ni cal sup port and train ing is pro vided by the com - pany s global net work of ex clu sive dis trib - u tors and di rect sales offices. For more in for ma tion, visit: or con tact Bill Sowell at whs@iteris.com or (949) Siemens Be comes Ex clu sive Dis trib u tor of Acyclica Hard ware to North Amer i can Market; BlueCompass, BlackCompass and CrossCompass be ing used to Map Con ges tion, Gather O-D Data and Help Im prove Traf fic Flow Siemens Mobility and Logistics Division is team ing up with Acyclica Inc. to be come the ex clu sive dis trib u tor of Acyclica s BlueCompass, BlackCompass and CrossCompass hard ware in North Amer ica. Siemens says Bluetooth or Wi-Fi based sen sors in the Acyclica hard ware re cord the unique sig na ture emit ted by handheld per sonal de vices in the vi cin ity and help cit ies and tran sit agen cies mea sure travel times, as well as or i gin-des ti na tion (OD) data. The in for ma tion, which is gath ered anon y mously, can be used to map con ges tion, con duct or i gin-des ti na - tion stud ies, mon i tor in ter sec tion de lays and provide construction zone monitoring. At com plex in ter changes, Siemens says OD data can be gath ered with enough ac cu racy to help make im prove - ments to the in ter change. The com pany ex plains that with typ i cal Bluetooth O-D tech nol ogy, sam ples rates of 2-4 per cent are quite typ i cal. With the ad di tion of Wi-Fi, it has seen sam pling rates in ex - cess of 20 per cent. It says hav ing this statistically significant data is impera - tive when mak ing in fra struc ture im - prove ment rec om men da tions, and that is the strength of Acyclica technology. Siemens says the Acyclica BlueCompass, BlackCompass and CrossCompass prod ucts do not cap ture ve hi cle vol umes, but they can be used to accurately measure congestion and rela - tive volumes. The com pany says the data Acyclica pro vides is dif fer ent from that pro vided by its com pet i tors, such as TomTom and Inrix, be cause it gives cit ies the abil ity to dic tate where they col lect data, rather than de pend ing on spe cially-equipped ve hi cles trav el ing routes of in ter est. In ad di tion, Siemens says the sam ple rates pro vide more re li able data over more area pro vid ing data, real-time or not, to help traf fic en gi neers better understand their network. Siemens will be work ing through its net work of di rect of fices and Value Added Part ners across the U.S. and Can - ada to dis trib ute the hard ware. For more in for ma tion, please visit: n/pages/siemens-mobility.aspx or or con tact annie.seiple@siemens.com.

9 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, MARCH 22, 2013, VOL. 27 NO. 2 Page 9 Con tin ued from Page 1 Cell Phone GPS Data Points to New Tac tics for Re ducing Congestion re duc ing one per cent of peak pe riod trips by se lect driv ers in Everett, Marlborough, Law rence, Lowell and Waltham would cut all driv ers ad di tional com mut ing time caused by traf fic con ges tion by 18 per cent. In San Fran cisco, re duc ing peak pe riod trips of driv ers from Dub lin, Hay ward, San Jose, San Rafael and parts of San Ramon would cut other driv ers travel time by 14 percent. Two dif fer ent meth ods were used to gather data for the study. At MIT, lead re - searcher Marta Gon za lez and for mer MIT postdoc Pu Wang used three weeks of cell phone data to gather in for ma tion about anon y mous driv ers routes and es ti mated traf fic vol ume and speed on those routes in Boston and the San Fran cisco Bay Area. At Con tin ued from Page 1 Bike Horn Mim ics Car Horn to Help Im prove Bicyclist Safety The Loud Bi cy cle Horn was born when Lansey put to gether a team to turn his con - cept into a real prod uct. The 112-decible horn has both high and low notes to make it even more per cep ti ble than louder horns that only have a sin gle note. Bi cy clists can use their thumbs to ac ti vate the horn but ton that at ta ches to ei ther han dle bar. The horn is pow ered by a re charge able lith ium bat tery pack, and the honk can last up to 30 sec onds. How ever, the Loud Bi - cy cle website does warn us ers to be re - spectful. Lansey says his prod uct is unique. He says he searched ev ery where for a good bike horn, but the few se ri ous horns he found sounded grat ing and un rec og niz - able and you would n t want to rely on them in any emer gency sit u a tion. Lansey found most of the horns had ex tremely high fre - quen cies that are harsh on the ears and can make it hard for peo ple to de ter mine from where the sound is coming. Ur ban com mu ters are ex pected to be the big gest us ers of the Loud Bi cy cle Horn, but Lansey ex pects the horn to ben e fit even those who don t buy his prod uct. He says ev ery time the horn is used and driv ers be - come more care ful and alert to bi cy clists on the road, safety is im proved for everyone. The horn costs $95 and will be gin ship - ping in Au gust. Loud Bi cy cle has won sup port from Linus Bike, an ad vo cate of bi cy cling safety and de vel oper of city bikes. Lansey says his com pany raised over $50,000 in Jan u ary from 600 in di vid u als who con trib uted to the cause in or der to get a horn. For more in for ma tion, please visit: _Hlt mBM_1_BM_2_/#overvie w or con tact Jon a than Lansey at Jon a - than@loudbicycle.com The Loud Bi cy cle Horn but ton. (Photo: Cour tesy of Loud Bi cy cle) In this im age the color of the road seg ments rep re sents the num ber of neigh bor hoods that are ma jor sources of driv ers for that seg ment. For ex am ple, red is more than 100, yel low is 61 to 100, green is 41 to 60, dark blue is 1 to 20 and pur ple is none. (Im age: Cour tesy of Pu Wang, MIT) UC Berke ley, Bayen and grad u ate stu dent Tim o thy Hunter used a dif fer ent set of data ob tained from GPS sen sors in taxis in the San Fran cisco area to com pute the taxis speed based on travel time from one lo ca tion to an other, and then de ter mine con ges tion lev els. Bayen says there was good agreement between the two methods. Find ings were based on the use of just three types of data pop u la tion den sity, top o log i cal in for ma tion about the road net work and cell phone data. The re - search ers say that means the meth od ol ogy could be used in al most any ur ban area and may be of spe cial ben e fit to many cit ies in the de vel op ing world where travel surveys don t exist. Fund ing for the cell phone study came from grants from the New Eng land Uni - versity Center, the NEC Cor po ra tion Fund, the Sol o mon Buchsbaum Re search Fund and the Na - tional Nat u ral Sci ence Foun da tion of China. Wang re ceived fund ing from the Shenghua Scholar Pro gram of Cen tral South University. For more in for ma tion, please visit: or 20/cellphone-gps-data-suggest-new-strat egy-for-alleviating-traffic-tie-ups/ or contact Caroline McCall at cmccall5@mit.edu.

10 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, MARCH 22, 2013, VOL. 27 NO. 2 Page 10 Tort Liability: Case in Review One of the Most Reg u lated In dus tries in the USA Leads To Dis sent ing Opin ions in Ap peals Court On a sum mer s eve ning in June 2008, a mo tor cy clist col lided with the fuel tank sec tion of the lead en gine of a two-car riage train that was cross ing an in ter sec tion in New Hol land, Penn syl va nia. As a re sult of this ac ci dent, he was left par tially par a - lysed. He sued the rail Com pany in fed eral court seek ing dam ages for his in ju ries, claim ing the Com pany was neg li gent in (1) fail ing to warn of an ap proach ing train; (2) fail ing to main tain a safe grade cross ing area; and (3) vi o lat ing var i ous por tions of the Fed eral Rail road Safety Act (FRSA) re lat ing to ad e quate warning devices. The Dis trict Court granted the Com - pany s mo tion for sum mary judg ment, based on pre emp tion pro vi sions in the FRSA against state tort claims and mo tor - cyclist appealed. On ap peal, the ma jor ity re versed in part and af firmed in part, and one judge sub mit - ted a dis sent ing opin ion af firm ing the Dis - trict Court s rul ing in its entirety. The motorcyclist was familiar with the cross ing, which he be lieved was in ac tive be cause he had never seen a train on it al - though he had crossed the in ter sec tion hun dreds of times. The cross ing was marked by two reflectorized crossbuck signs (stat ing Rail road Cross ing ) which re quired road us ers to yield the right-of-way to rail traf - fic, and a black-and-yel low rail road-grade cross ing sign ap prox i mately 150 feet north of the crossing. At the time of the ac ci dent, the mo tor - cy clist was wear ing a full-face hel met with a vi sor and was trav el ing at ap prox i mately 30 to 35 miles per hour. Ac cord ing to wit - nesses, the driver of the train sounded his horn as the en gine ap proached the cross - ing. Plain tiff braked ag gres sively, caus ing his front wheel to lock, re sult ing in him fly - ing over the han dle bars and hit ting the front en gine ap prox i mately 30 feet from its front lead ing edge. The crossing is only 29 feet wide. Ac cord ing to the en gine s Event Data The rail crossing at Diller Avernue in New Holland, PA. (Photo: Cour tesy of Google, Inc.) Re corder (EDR), the train was trav el ing at ap prox i mately 24 miles per hour at the time of the col li sion. It also re corded that the train horn was ac ti vated ap prox i mately one-quar ter mile prior to the cross ing and con tin ued through the cross ing, sound ing for a total of 45 seconds. While the speed of the train was not dis - puted, the class of track was: plain tiff al - leged the tracks were Class 1, in which case the speed limit was 10 mph, and the lo co mo tive was speed ing. The Com pany re sponded they were Class 2 or 3, in which case the train was trav el ling within the speed limit. At trial, plain tiff wished to pro duce nine cross ing re ports from the De part ment of Trans por ta tion s Na tional Cross ing In - ven tory that sug gested the Com pany train was go ing too fast when it en tered the cross ing. The Dis trict Court ex cluded all nine re ports un der ev i den tiary priv i leges granted by the United States Con sti tu tion. On ap peal, the ma jor ity of the Court found it should have excluded only one report. Plain tiff also wished to pro duce 10 ac - ci dent re ports, from 1975 to 2008, to sub - stan ti ate his al le ga tion the train was speed - ing, based on the clas si fi ca tion of the track at the cross ing they pro vided: four re ports stated that the track was Class 2, one that it was Class 3, and five that it was Class 1. How ever, these re ports were also ex cluded by the Dis trict Court, but on ap peal the ma - jor ity found that nine of the 10 reports were admissible. The ma jor ity, there fore, found that, based on the cross ing and ac ci dent re ports that should have been ad mis si ble, plain - tiff s ex ces sive speed claim should have sur vived sum mary judgment. Plain tiff had also made two al le ga tions in sup port of his sec ond claim re gard ing the safety of the cross ing: first, that the Com pany neg li gently main tained the cross ing de vices, in par tic u lar, that the warn ing sign was cov ered by tree branches, the pave ment mark ings no lon - ger ex isted, and the crossbucks had fallen into dis re pair. Sec ond, that the Com pany failed to pro vide adequate sight distance. The Dis trict Court agreed that at least part of plain tiff s sec ond claim avoided pre emp tion. Nev er the less, it granted sum - mary judg ment on his en tire claim, con - clud ing that he had failed to sat isfy the el e - ments of neg li gence. On ap peal, ap pel lant ar gued that the Dis trict Court ig nored his Please turn to Page 11

11 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, MARCH 22, 2013, VOL. 27 NO. 2 Page 11 Con tin ued from Page 10 Tort Liability inadequate-maintenance allegation and misconstrued Pennsylvania law on the ques tion of sight dis tance. The Court of Ap peals agreed with the ap pel lant and found that both parts of his sec ond claim should have sur vived sum mary judg ment. The mi nor ity view held that the Oc cu - pied Cross ing Rule should ap ply, which re quires that a mo tor ist must stop, look and lis ten be fore en ter ing a cross ing, par tic u - larly a cross ing that is oc cu pied. Given the length of the cross ing (29 feet) and the point of im pact on the en gine (30 feet from the lead ing edge), he con cluded the cross - ing was oc cu pied and the ap pel lant had breached the rule, which the courts had de - scribed as not a rule of ev i dence, but a rule of law, pe remp tory, ab so lute and un bend - ing and the jury can never be per mit ted to ig nore it, to evade it, or to pare it away by distinctions and exceptions. The ma jor ity ar gued that be cause the train was not vis i ble in time for ap pel lant to avoid the ac ci dent, the rule did not ap ply. Fur ther, that the mi nor ity view im plied that a train rac ing down the tracks at dou ble the speed limit would avoid li a bil ity when ever a mo tor ist ran into it -- even when the train s speed ef fec tively pre vented mo tor ists from avoiding the collision. It ruled that based on pho to graphic ev i - dence that the cross ing was poorly main - tained, it was rea son able to in fer that the state of dis re pair had con trib uted to the ap - pel lant s be lief that the cross ing was in ac - tive; in turn, this meant it was also rea son - able to in fer that on the night of the ac ci - dent, the ap pel lant ap proached the cross ing with less cau tion than he otherwise would have. With re gard to sight dis tance, it found that a jury should have de cided whether the Com pany should have asked the owner of an ad join ing build ing to re move a sign that ob structed the view of the tracks. It noted that Com pany ac tu ally had a pol icy in place for doing so. With re gard to the ap pel lant s third claim of neg li gence, the full bench was in agree ment that this claim was sub ject to pre emp tion. It found that even though the ap pel lant was un able to avoid pre emp tion by as sert ing the Com pany in stalled the wrong warn ing de vices, he was able to avoid pre emp tion by as sert ing that it failed to maintain them. The Court noted that it while it might seem that this scheme was in ter nally in - con sis tent, it was none the less the scheme Con gress has es tab lished. Some Florida Law mak ers Want to Elim i nate Red-Light Cam eras in the State Leg is la tion Pits Con sti tu tional Con cerns against Safety Concerns Ef forts are un der way in Florida to get rid of red-light cam eras in the state. A bi-par ti - san pair of state law mak ers is try ing to re - peal a Florida law that al lows lo cal gov ern - ments to use the cam eras to catch red-light run ners. The mea sure, House Bill 4011, is be ing spon sored by Rep re sen ta tives Daphne Camp bell (D-Mi ami) and Carolos Trujillo (R-Mi ami). It cleared its first hur dle last month when it passed the House Eco nomic Af fairs Com mit tee by a 10-8 mar gin. The vote fol lowed a two-hour de bate over the con sti tu tional rights of driv ers and stud ies show ing the cam eras can re duce in ter sec - tion in ju ries. The bill had its first read ing ear lier this month, but its ad vance ment to the House Ap pro pri a tions Committee is currently on hold. As the bill is worded, it re moves pro vi - sions in the law re lat ing to in stal la tion and use of traf fic in frac tion de tec tors to en force spec i fied pro vi sions when driver fails to stop at traf fic sig nal. It also re moves pro vi - sions that au tho rize the De part ment of High way Safety and Mo tor Ve hi cles (DHSMV), counties or other municipalities to use such detectors. Trujillo has spon sored sim i lar leg is la - tion in the past to ban the cam eras and says he does n t think they make in ter sec tions safer. Camp bell has said she is spear head - ing the ef fort this time be cause she does n t think the cam eras make roads safer, and she claims many tar get low-in come ar eas. When asked about re cent stud ies in di cat ing the cam eras do im prove road safety, her of - fice of fered a 35-page re port pro duced by lib erty lob by ist Paul Henry and Associates. Henry s re port re futes the find ings in a 2012 DHSMV anal y sis that doc u mented the ef fec tive ness of red light cam eras in Florida. Henry claims the anal y sis is just a sur vey with no sup port ing data and nu - mer ous is sues, in clud ing the omis sion of key data. How ever, the Mi ami Her ald re ports that Camp bell faces a cred i bil ity prob lem her self in her pur suit of the leg is la tion. It re ports that her hus band s Honda Od ys sey minivan has racked up five red light vi o la - tions since The news pa per also notes that Camp bell and her hus band were hit last year with $145,000 worth in liens and her fam ily has come un der in creased scru tiny for mort gage and Medicaid fraud. For more in for ma tion, please visit: /Bills/billsdetail.aspx?BillId=49361.

This Week s Sur vey Re sults. Bi cy cle and Pe des trian Is sues. Dan iel B. Rathbone, Ph.D., P.E. Ed i tor/pub lisher

This Week s Sur vey Re sults. Bi cy cle and Pe des trian Is sues. Dan iel B. Rathbone, Ph.D., P.E. Ed i tor/pub lisher THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MONITOR, APRIL 27, 7 9 Editorial This week s sur vey on Bi cy cle and Pe des trian Is sues pro vides much-im proved re sults for ques tions re gard - ing re quire ments for the

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