Pavement Markings: Past, Present, and Future. TxDOT Short Course October 2016
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1 Pavement Markings: Past, Present, and Future TxDOT Short Course October 2016
2 Then ,000 registered vehicles in the US 200,000 miles of paved roads 2,000 fatalities
3 First Pavement Markings 1911 Wayne County, Michigan White center line along horizontal curves 1917 Oregon Yellow center line along horizontal curves Circa 1917 Black center lines on concrete
4 Road Markings ,000,000 registered vehicles in the US 370,000 miles of paved roads 9,500 fatalities
5 Before MUTCDs 1927 AASHO Standard Road Marker & Signs Markings not addressed, only signs 1930 Manual on Street Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings Center lines On curves, wide streets, and signalized intersections White or yellow on bituminous pavements Black or white on concrete pavements
6 1935 MUTCD 1935 First Edition Center lines color was not specified Edge lines not considered paint or lacquer of contrasting color Minimum width = 4 inch Maximum width = 8 inch
7 Retroreflectivity 1937 Initial testing of light retro-directing glass spheres in pavement markings
8 US40 in West Virginia
9 1942 MUTCD White and yellow markings were favored due to war blackout conditions Chromium pigment was reserved to support war but yellow markings were continued with earth pigments
10 1948 MUTCD No black markings White was preferred for all markings except double centerlines (yellow) and nopassing zones, but white was still permitted for these markings Recommended against edge lines
11 Major Non-Uniformity in 1949
12 Texas Markings in 1949 Austin, Congress St. Dallas, Central Expressway
13 1948 MUTCD Retroreflectivity better for night visibility but neither practicable nor necessary doubtful value on lit city streets Should be used: Center lines No passing lines On vertical surfaces of objects in or near the roadway
14 1954 Revision of the 1948 MUTCD Famous for what?
15 STOP Sign Color
16 1954 Revision of the 1948 MUTCD All rural pavement markings required to be retroreflective Generally desirable for other markings that must be visible at night
17 1961 MUTCD Yellow mandated for center lines on multilane roadways and no-passing markings Center line width: 4-6 inch Edge line width: 2-4 inch
18 Retro Research Circa 1969 Reflective Edge Lines Reflective Center Line Non-Reflective Center Line
19 1971 MUTCD First FHWA Manual Yellow chosen as color to separate opposing traffic when used as a center line Introduced red markings as shall not be entered Width: 4-6 inch for all markings
20 1978 MUTCD Yellow specified as used today: center line on two-way roadways and left edge line on divided roadways Lane line: ft ratio
21 1988 MUTCD (Rev ) Warrants for center lines and edge lines based on: Functional class Traffic volumes Travelway width
22 Public Law Oct 6, 1992 Secretary of Transportation shall revise the MUTCD to include: Standard minimum level of retroreflectivity for pavement markings and signs, and (partially completed) Standard to define roads that must have a center line and or edge lines. (completed in 2000)
23 April 2010 FHWA publishes Notice of Proposed Amendment to add minimum pavement marking retroreflectivity to MUTCD
24 FHWA 2010 NPA Minimums Posted Speed (mph) Two-lane roads with center n/a line markings only All other roads n/a Exceptions: 1. When RRPMs supplement or substitute for a longitudinal line (see Section 3B.13 and 3B.14), minimum pavement marking retroreflectivity levels are not applicable as long as the RRPMs are maintained so that at least 3 are visible from any position along that line during nighttime conditions. 2. When continuous roadway lighting assures that the markings are visible, minimum pavement marking retroreflectivity levels are not applicable.
25 Current Status FHWA plans a Supplemental NPA Currently at OMB for review mcd/m 2 /lux
26 The Now Topics Contrast markings Audible markings Marking performance on seal coat Wet-retroreflective markings ASTM Test Methods E1710 Dry Retro E2177 Wet Recovery Retro E2832 Continuous Wet Retro
27 Now Near Future Orange WZ Markings
28 Now Near Future Lane Departure Warning Lane Keeping Assistance
29 Near Future
30 Far Future
31 Far Future
32 Far Future
33 Thanks! Paul Carlson, TTI Open RELLIS, Wed NOON 3:00
34
35 The Future
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