2013 Membership Survey and Analysis
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1 2013 Membership Survey and Analysis Prepared for USA Cycling, Inc. By Daniel J. Larson, Ph.D. (University of Oklahoma- Department of Health and Exercise Science)
2 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive Summary... 4 REPORT SECTIONS 1 Background/Purpose Data... 6 Internet collection... 6 Responses Overall Demographics... 7 Age... 7 Gender... 9 Income Employment Housing Education Family participation Participation (Competitors) Riding Disciplines Other sport participation Cycling event participation Cycling event travel and spending Negative/Positive experiences... 19
3 Member fee value Member benefit preferences Consumption Media Retail consumer goods Research Questions Travel distance v. Local Association Cyclo-cross membership characteristics About the Researcher A APPENDICIES A1 Open Responses: Negative Experiences A2 Open Responses: Positive Comments... 79
4 Executive Summary 4 In order to fully characterize the membership of USA Cycling, this study was commissioned to continue membership analysis into 2013, and present findings and recommendations in this summary report. The data used were generated through an updated survey of current USA Cycling members that was conducted using a webbased questionnaire. The survey instrument included 154 items in eight categories: a. socio-demographics (17 items) b. psychographic measures (9 items) c. participation history (22 items) d. motivations for joining (5 items) e. participation experiences (53 items) f. participation constraints (12 items) g. member benefits/preferences (23 items) h. retail/media consumption (13 items) Of the approximately 70,000 organization members asked via and through the USAC website to complete the questionnaire, a total of 7941 questionnaires were started and 6497 (82% completion, ~9% response rate) were completed and useable for data analyses. This response rate was nearly double the 2012 rate. The overall analysis of these surveys data focused on three main areas: (I) overall membership characteristics, (II) the impact of travel distance on participation, and (III) differences between partipant members according to primary competition discipline. Among these comparisons, this report focused on participation history, membership benefits, participation experiences, and levels of sport involvement. The retail and media consumption descriptions were also included to offer information valuable to USA Cycling industry partners. The following describes some of the notable findings for each area of concern: (I) Overall. In terms of demographics, the overall USA Cycling membership is dominated by male (85.3%), master age (63.7%), road cyclists (65.9%). The highest concentrations of members exist in California (15.8%), Texas (6.3%), and Colorado (6.1%), with the balance of the membership dispersed among the remaining states. Home ownership of members exceeds 65% and approximately 90% (89.5%) of the members have at least some college education. (II) Member travel sensitivity. Existing USA Cycling membership data was queried to offer more detailed information about the significance of travel distance and race availability both Overall, and at the Local Association/Regional level. Summary of findings: Members rate travel distance/travel time to the event highest in importance among all event attributes (with the common exception of personal goals/achievements ). This is consistent across ALL Local Associations/Regions. Members overwhelmingly list not enough events were close enough as the most common reason for not participating in as many events as they wanted to. o Primary reason 76% of the time (Family Obligations is next most cited, 27%) o Primary or Secondary reason 88% of the time These results were consistent across ALL Local Associations/Regions
5 5 Members who have NOT RENEWED their USA Cycling membership in recent years ( ), indicated not participating in as many events as they wanted to during their membership at a higher rates compared to renewing members, 42% v. 31% respectively. Of the members who have NOT RENEWED their USA Cycling membership in recent years ( ), There weren t as many events as I expected/wanted was listed as a primary or secondary reason for not renewing their membership 23% of the time. (This was only out-cited by health changes/injury, ceasing overall participation in the sport, and affordability concerns.) (III) Participant comparison by discipline (Cyclo-cross v. Other). The specific differences between Cyclo-cross participant members and Other discipline members were exam across several response variables: Cyclo-cross members are not generally different from other members in terms of demographics with the exception of education. They report slightly higher levels of education Cyclo-cross members have been USA Cycling members longer on average than other discipline members Cyclo-cross members report HIGHER overall levels of participation (Total events), while at the same time traveling shorter distances (on average and maximum range), than other USA Cycling members Cyclo-cross members put LESS emphasis than other members on the importance of Categories offered, Rankings, Championships, and Prizes. They also report a LOWER importance for course safety Cyclo-cross members report a HIGHER importance than other members on race start times, who the promoter is, and whether friends/family are participating Cyclo-cross members show a HIGHER preference for tangible value member benefits (discounts) in addition to desiring MORE access to coaching/instruction Cyclo-cross members report LOWER levels of competitiveness than other discipline members Further description of the data collection, results, and charts follow. An appendix includes detailed statistical results, group mean comparisons, and complete open responses. Contact Please direct any questions, concerns or inquiries to: Dr. Daniel Larson bshark441@gmail.com Phone: (352)
6 Report for 2013 USA Cycling Membership Analysis 6 BACKGROUND/PURPOSE USA Cycling membership has enjoyed robust and steady growth in its membership and license holder numbers over several recent years. In order to most effectively serve these newer members and assure overall member satisfaction and longevity of renewals, we continue to fully characterize the organization s membership. The exploration of the USA Cycling membership focused on member characteristics, and their preferences with regard to participation, member benefits and event characteristics DATA The data for this report were obtained from a membership survey conducted in early Previous data (2008, 2010, 2012) are occasionally used for comparison. Internet collection As with any questionnaire that samples using internet collection techniques, there is always the potential for selection bias from two main sources, non-responders, and members of the population of interest (overall membership) being systematically excluded from the sample. The non-responders would be individuals receiving the survey solicitation and choosing not to participate. The individuals excluded from the sample would be those members who may not have internet access, or an address not included in the member database. If either of these classes of individuals had significant differences in the measured constructs, there would clearly be a bias present in the sample. However, although the data were collected via a web linked questionnaire and these concerns do exist, we feel fairly confident that there will be limited bias in the following examined constructs. It is difficult to argue that many of the variables listed in this questionnaire would be subject to severe bias (or differences) across responders and non-responders. Where this may be a concern, it is discussed in the report. A future inquiry could include a snail-mail version to sample some noninternet users to statistically establish that there are no significant differences or resulting bias. Responses In terms of responses to individual items, this does vary throughout this questionnaire. This can arise either through incomplete/abandoned questionnaires, or through conscious non-response. While several questionnaire items required responses, other items that might be viewed as sensitive information (e.g. income) allowed for nonresponse. Therefore, the responses to individual questions in this study ranged from just over 5000 to 7917 (100%) completion questionnaires were started and 6497 (82% completion, ~9% response rate) questionnaires were fully completed. Wherever possible, variations in the response rates are noted. Further item analysis could be conducted in the future to guard against any individual item bias OR the possibility that respondents abandoned the survey because of its length.
7 OVERALL DEMOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION (All Members, N = 7941) 7 Age One important feature of the demographic characteristic of the age of the respondents is the continued non-normal nature of the distribution. The somewhat bi-modal characteristics of this distribution may reflect a large number of younger members in the sample, either by a large number in the overall membership, or by a higher rate of response to the questionnaire. This distribution should be cross-referenced with the membership database to confirm that it reflects the general membership and not a sampling bias. Provided that this is representative of the membership at large, the ability to satisfy and retain this group is important to consider when standing in contrast to ageing Baby- Boom members. Also, one could consider specific mid-life barriers to renewal in the late twenties/early thirties that could be mitigated in some way Junior 5.1% 3.3% 6.2% 6.7% Senior (19-34) 29.5% 32.1% 21.4% 28.0% Masters % 64.6% 72.4% 63.7%
8 Age cont. 8 The most recent respondents were increasingly represented by Junior and Senior members, compared to the previous survey.
9 Gender 9 The study respondents gender distribution is generally consistent with the distribution of gender in the overall member demographics (from USAcycling.org) with a slight overrepresentation of Females in the sample (14.7% v. 13.7%). This suggests a reasonable representative sample of the membership in terms of gender. This distribution has been consistent over time with a small recent increase in female respondent representation for 2013.
10 Income 10 Income Level Respondents Cumulative % $400,000 or more % $375,000 to $399, % $350,000 to $374, % $325,000 to $349, % $300,000 to $324, % $275,000 to $299, % $250,000 to $274, % $225,000 to $249, % $200,000 to $224, % $175,000 to $199, % $150,000 to $174, % $125,000 to $149, % $100,000 to $124, % $75,000 to $99, % $50,000 to $74, % $25,000 to $49, % $1,000 to $24, % $0 to $ %
11 Employment 11
12 Housing 12
13 Education 13 Family participation Nearly half of the respondents (47%) have no family members that ride or race bicycles.
14 PARTICIPATION ( Competitors, N = 7202) 14 The following section analyzes the participation history and patterns of member respondents that indicated that their primary membership role is a competitor. Excluded categories: Official, Coach, Mechanic, Team Manager, and Race Director. Riding Discipline 74.8% of respondents reported participating in more than one discipline, 46.6% of those would require a secondary license.
15 Other Sport Participation 15 A large majority of the respondents indicated having past participations in formal team sports and/or a running sport (Running/Track and Field). The most commonly maintained formal participation outside of cycling are typically other endurance based sports (running, skiing, swimming), and/or sports that incorporate a bicycling element (triathlon, duathlon).
16 Cycling event participation 16 Event types attended (N = 5372) Mean SD Competitive Road Mountain Cyclo-cross Track BMX Non-Competitive Road Mountain Cyclo-cross Track BMX All events Of the respondents to this item, 6.3% said that they participated in no events. This might be considered a lower bound, as some similar individuals may not have responded to the questionnaire item at all (response rate: 74.6%).
17 Event Travel Reported Travel Distance (n = 4895) Region Local Association DistAve DistMax Central Texas Arkansas New Mexico Oklahoma Kansas Utah Arizona Colorado/Wyoming MidWest Nebraska Missouri IndianaKentucky Michigan MidAtl Wisconsin Illinois Iowa Ohio Minnesota NE NewEngland Pennsylvania/WV New York New Jersey SE LA/MS Florida Tennessee Alabama Carolinas Georgia West Nevada Other (AK, HI) Oregon California Idaho Washington USA National
18 Event Spending 18 *While the response items were presented as categorical choices, we used category midpoints to estimate the average spending of the respondents.
19 Negative experiences 19 Respondents were asked to report, classify, and describe any negative experiences they had in the past year. 77.1% of the respondents reported not having any negative experiences with their participation. The open response negative experience descriptions (614) are reported in the Appendix and are sorted by Region and State. Positive Experiences Respondents were also asked to report their positive expereinces in recent years. These comments (827) are reported in the Appendix and sorted by Region and State.
20 Membership Fee Value 20 Member Benefit Preferences
21 CONSUMPTION (All Members) 21 Media What is your primary source for cycling information? (Respondents: 6317) Which of the following sources do you use to get cycling information? And about how often? (Respondents: 6316)
22 What type of information would you like to see disseminated by USA Cycling? (Respondents: 5454) 22 Why do you visit the USA Cycling website? (Respondents: 4061)
23 How often do you use the following websites? (Respondents: 6187) 23 The usacycling.org website was largely visited weekly or less, while the next two most utilized outlets, cyclingnews.com and velonews.com were more often visited on a daily basis. Which of the following BEST describes your reading of the USA Cycling Enewsletter?
24 Retail What brands of Bicycles do you own? 24
25 25 How likely are you to purchase a bike in the next year? How do you typically purchase a bicycle?
26 How do you typically purchase cycling accessories? 26 Annual Retail Bicycle Related Spending
27 Travel Distance v. Local Association RESEARCH QUESTIONS 27 Existing USA Cycling membership data was queried to offer more detailed information about the significance of travel distance and race availability both at the Overall, and the Local Association/Regional level. Summary of findings: Members rate travel distance/travel time to the event highest in importance among all event attributes (with the common exception of personal goals/achievements ). This is consistent across ALL Local Associations/Regions. Members overwhelmingly list not enough events were close enough as the most common reason for not participating in as many events as they wanted to. o Primary reason 76% of the time (Family Obligations is next most cited, 27%) o Primary or Secondary reason 88% of the time These results were consistent across ALL Local Associations/Regions Members who have NOT RENEWED their USA Cycling membership in recent years ( ), indicated not participating in as many events as they wanted to during their membership at a higher rates compared to renewing members, 42% v. 31% respectively. Of the members who have NOT RENEWED their USA Cycling membership in recent years ( ), There weren t as many events as I expected/wanted was listed as a primary or secondary reason for not renewing their membership 23% of the time. (This was only out-cited by health changes/injury, ceasing overall participation in the sport, and affordability concerns.) Travel related questions Q: What is the relative importance of travel distance? A: As shown in the following table and graphs, travel distance is consistently rated highest or 2 nd highest in terms of ALL event attributes importance. This is consistent across ALL Local Associations and Regions.
28 Mean importance ratings for various event factors 28 Region Local Assn Personal Goals/Achi evements Distance/ Time to the Event Course Safety Categories Offered Attractiven ess of Event Location Course/Ra ce Difficulty Entry Fees Race Start Times Friends or Family Participati on State or National Champions hips SE Alabama SE Florida SE Georgia SE LA/MS SE Tennessee SE Carolinas Central Arizona Central Arkansas Central Colorado/WY Central Kansas Central Oklahoma Central New Mexico Central Texas Central Utah West California West Idaho West Nevada West Oregon West Washington West Other MidWest Illinois MidWest IndianaKentucky MidWest Iowa MidWest Michigan MidWest MidAtl MidWest Minnesota MidWest Missouri MidWest Nebraska MidWest Ohio MidWest Wisconsin NE New Jersey NE New York NE NewEngland NE Pennsylvania/WV USA National The Promoter Ranking Points Prizes Other Important Factor
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34 34 Q: Clearly participants have a preference for closer events, but how often does this distance actually constrain participation, i.e. what are the participation constraints related to travel? A1: When considering participants who stated that they did not participate in as many events as they would have liked to last year, which turned out to be 31% of the membership overall, events being too far away dominated as the primary reason, and was a common secondary reason. Constraints Primary reason Secondary reason Primary or Secondary Races too far away 76% 12% 88% Family Obligations 27% 24% 51% Category Not Offered 18% 19% 37% High Entry Fees 18% 29% 47% No Category I could compete in 14% 20% 33% Races Too Early or Late in the day 13% 22% 35% Races Too Short 9% 20% 29% Races Full 8% 21% 29% Religious activities 6% 18% 24% Courses Too Dangerous 2% 19% 22% Courses Too Difficult 2% 20% 22% Other (primary or secondary) 14% 14% A2: The individual state averages are shown below, first graphically, and then in table form.
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36 36 Local Association (resp.) Not Enough Events TooFar High Fees Full Races NoCat Offered Alabama (36) 42% 93% 20% 13% 27% 27% 27% 20% 27% 13% 53% 27% 20% Arizona (144) 34% 90% 59% 22% 31% 47% 33% 24% 31% 24% 57% 24% 4% Arkansas (30) 30% 89% 56% 44% 56% 78% 56% 44% 44% 44% 78% 44% 11% California (845) 31% 85% 48% 38% 47% 43% 36% 27% 36% 26% 47% 28% 14% Carolinas (247) 34% 94% 41% 16% 35% 28% 45% 20% 27% 22% 54% 22% 11% Colorado/WY (348) 32% 82% 52% 20% 31% 27% 22% 15% 26% 15% 42% 15% 15% Florida (142) 35% 96% 29% 14% 49% 31% 37% 20% 29% 16% 55% 18% 16% Georgia (97) 38% 89% 46% 24% 35% 35% 41% 24% 32% 30% 57% 30% 11% Idaho (72) 22% 100% 56% 19% 25% 31% 31% 19% 13% 6% 56% 19% 0% Illinois (185) 25% 87% 41% 30% 26% 24% 26% 22% 24% 20% 59% 26% 13% IndianaKentucky (134) 36% 92% 67% 33% 38% 35% 42% 33% 33% 33% 60% 35% 19% Iowa (64) 13% 100% 50% 38% 63% 38% 38% 50% 38% 38% 50% 50% 13% Kansas (62) 31% 89% 32% 21% 21% 21% 16% 16% 16% 21% 63% 42% 5% LA/MS (65) 45% 93% 48% 24% 45% 24% 48% 34% 21% 31% 45% 21% 14% Michigan (205) 18% 78% 57% 16% 24% 19% 19% 14% 19% 16% 46% 16% 11% MidAtl (265) 31% 95% 56% 42% 49% 37% 35% 22% 38% 26% 49% 23% 20% Minnesota (93) 28% 77% 35% 15% 27% 23% 27% 15% 31% 15% 58% 19% 31% Missouri (84) 27% 83% 43% 13% 26% 13% 26% 17% 22% 13% 52% 17% 17% Nebraska (33) 45% 93% 27% 7% 27% 33% 20% 7% 20% 13% 53% 13% 7% Nevada (40) 60% 88% 33% 29% 21% 33% 29% 13% 17% 13% 33% 21% 8% New Jersey (111) 32% 78% 42% 42% 42% 53% 33% 31% 36% 22% 64% 31% 11% New Mexico (58) 43% 88% 36% 28% 16% 36% 16% 16% 28% 12% 44% 20% 24% New York (232) 36% 86% 50% 39% 44% 40% 42% 24% 25% 19% 52% 24% 12% NewEngland (304) 38% 85% 52% 39% 41% 36% 34% 15% 24% 16% 55% 18% 16% Ohio (100) 36% 97% 47% 22% 44% 31% 47% 25% 31% 22% 56% 25% 17% Oklahoma (62) 19% 92% 17% 25% 25% 50% 33% 17% 17% 17% 58% 25% 17% Oregon (33) 52% 88% 65% 29% 47% 47% 41% 29% 35% 29% 41% 29% 29% Other (AK, HI) (52) 48% 100% 48% 28% 36% 24% 36% 20% 32% 20% 56% 24% 12% Pennsylvania/WV (219) 29% 88% 39% 28% 44% 33% 41% 19% 22% 17% 48% 16% 14% Tennessee (91) 40% 100% 44% 28% 33% 44% 36% 31% 33% 28% 58% 31% 14% Texas (314) 26% 91% 52% 32% 33% 43% 31% 28% 33% 30% 48% 30% 11% Utah (105) 30% 81% 69% 34% 38% 44% 34% 25% 34% 31% 63% 34% 25% Washington (227) 30% 88% 35% 26% 29% 34% 25% 19% 19% 21% 50% 18% 15% Wisconsin (120) 17% 75% 25% 15% 5% 5% 10% 5% 20% 5% 35% 15% 15% TooEarl ylate NoComp Cat Too Difficult Races Too Short Too Danger Family Oblig. Religion Other
37 Q: What is the ultimate effect of this travel constraint for membership renewal? A1: When considering members who did not renew their memberships, we examined data from Of the non-renewals during that time, 42% reported not being able to participate in as many events as they wanted to. Furthermore, of these, the two most commonly cited reasons were the travel distance and travel costs. A2: Additionally, a full 23% of members who did not renew from citied There weren t as many events as I expected/wanted as a primary or secondary reason for not renewing their membership.
38 38 Cyclo-cross Participant Characteristics USA Cycling members who stated that they were active competitors and indicated that Cyclo-cross was their primary discipline, were compare to the remainder of the membership using an analysis of variance procedure (ANOVA). The comparison model included the following variables: Demographics: Age, Gender, Education, Income Participation History: Age began serious riding, age began racing, rides per week, annual events, membership tenure, average distance traveled, maximum distance traveled to race, participant experience rating, and officials experience rating. Event Preferences: Ratings of importance of a variety of event attributes (14) Member Benefit Preferences: Ratings indicating what they want more/less of.(12) Psychometrics: Measures of overall competitiveness, process orientation, and outcome orientation. Demographics Participation History Event Preferences Cyclo-cross v. Other Member Benefit Preferences Competitiveness The statistically significant differences between Cyclo-cross and other members are summarized below and means and significance levels are show in the tables. If an item is not mentioned in the summary, there is no apparent difference between Cyclo-cross members and the membership at large (on average). Demographics In terms of demographic characteristics, Cyclo-cross members were similar to the overall membership with the exeption of Education level. They reported a slightly higher level of education than non Cyclo-cross members.
39 39 Demographics Group N Mean Significance (p-value) AGE Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Event Participation When considering event participation and experiences, there were several significant differences between Cyclo-cross members and Other members. o Cyclo-cross members participate in more total events annually o Cyclo-cross members have been USA Cycling members for 1.3 years longer on average o Cyclo-cross members do not travel nearly as far as other members to participate in events either on average (69 mi v. 91 mi) or in range (247mi v. 279mi). This is likely due to the geographic concentration of events in the Northeast U.S. and the ability to host events in urban sites. o Cyclo-cross members reported similar experiences with participants and officials Participation/Experiences Group N Mean Significance (p-value) RideWeek (days) Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross StartRaceAGE Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross AgeStarted Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross TENURE w/usac Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross TOTAL Events last year Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Average distance traveled to race Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Max distance traveled to race Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Experience w/participants (higher is better) Experience w/officials (higher is better) Cyclo-cross GENDER (%Male) Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) INCOME CATEGORY (Median level $75,000-$100,000) Education Level (1 lowest --> 7 highest) Cyclo-cross Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Cyclo-cross Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross
40 40 Event Preferences Cyclo-cross members rated the following LOWER in importance compared to Other members: o Categories offered o Course safety o Ranking points o State or National Championships o Prizes Cyclo-cross members rated the following HIGHER in importance compared to Other members: o Race start times o The Promoter o Friends or family participation Event Preferences (5-Most Important, 1-Not important) Group N Mean Significance (p-value) Entry Fees Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Attractiveness of Event Location Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Travel Distance/Travel Time to the Event Cyclo-cross Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Categories Offered Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Race Start Times Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Course/Race Difficulty Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Course Safety Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Ranking Points Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) State or National Championships awarded Cyclo-cross Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Prizes Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross The Promoter Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Friends or Family Participation Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Personal Goals/Achievements Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Other Important Factor Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross
41 41 Benefit Preferences Cyclo-cross members indicated a preference for MORE of the following categories of benefits compared to Other members: o Airline discounts o Lodging discounts o Car rental discounts o Insurance program benefits o Industry publication discounts o Casual apparel discounts o Cycling apparel discounts o Prescription discounts o Access to coaching/instruction Benefit Preferences (1-More, 2- Same, 3-Less) Group N Mean Significance (p-value) Airline Discounts Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Lodging Discounts Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Car Rental Discounts Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Insurance Program Benefits Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Industry Publication Discounts Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Casual Apparel Discounts Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Cycling Apparel Discounts Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Prescription Discounts Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Access to Coaching Instruction Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Enewsletters Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Results and Rankings Program Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Other Member Benefit Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross
42 42 Competitiveness Cyclo-cross members were on average significantly LESS competitive than other members in general and through the process and outcome measures. Psychometrics (Scales) Group N Mean Significance (p-value) Overall Competitiveness Scale Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Win oriented (EGO) Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Cyclo-cross Process oriented (TASK) Other (Road, MTB, Track, BMX) Source of New Cyclo-Cross Members Cyclo-cross Despite the growth of the proportion of members identifying themselves as primarily Cyclo-Cross, much of this movement has come from within the overall membership as members have seemed to move out of the Road group, and into MTB and/or Cyclo- Cross, i.e. the percentage of NEW Cyclo-Cross members (2%) is far below the overall representation (9.4%). (Note that members reporting Triathlon as their primary discipline are included in the Road category.)
43 43 ABOUT THE RESEARCHER Daniel J. Larson, PhD Dr. Larson currently serves as Lecturer in the Department of Health and Exercise Science at the University of Oklahoma. Dr. Larson s research focuses on sport economics and specifically the economic issues in the sport of cycling. Dr. Larson functions as the coordinator for the project/report.
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