Commercial Wheel Service & Support Manual

Transcription

1 Commercia Whee Service & Suppor Manua

2 Foreword Training for Commercia Whee Technicians This Training Manua provides a comprehensive is of he echnica informaion required by operaive and mainenance personne, and esabishes procedures o ensure ha proper working pracices are adhered o. The principes described appy, wih suiabe inerpreaion, o pan, equipmen and individua vehices and o engineering services insaaions. The communicaion of echnica informaion is an imporan face of eroechnoogy. JOHN S ELLIS MWS MANAGING DIRECTOR EMPLOYERS & EMPLOYEES OBLIGATIONS You mus make every effor o ensure ha you ake reasonabe care abou he heah and safey for yourseves and ohers wihin ATSE who migh carry ou any inspecion, repair or mouning of whees. I is very imporan ha any acs or omissions a work underaken by persons empoyed direcy or sub-conraced by ATSE mus ensure ha here is fu co-operaion beween a paries o ensure ha sauory duies are compied wih. If hese duies are no adhered o hen here are sauory aws ha can be enforced. Wrien, designed and iusraed by Brian M Eis Head of MWS Group Markeing June 21s 2012 DISCLAIMER Every endeavour o pubish he correc echnica informaion conained wihin his book and keeping was possibe o EUWA AND E.T.R.T.O. Sandards. MWS advises ha his manua is a guide ony and canno be hed responsibe for any informaion ha is incorrec and herefore he reader shoud aways check wih his or her vehice manufacurers handbook. THE PENALTIES On summary of a convicion in a cour of aw here is a penay ha can cos boh paries housands of pounds. For more serious cases where a convicion is achieved his can mean an unimied fine or imprisonmen or even boh. In excepiona circumsances where mansaugher charges can be brough. ATSE does no wrie he aw, i shoud abide by hem and he aw saes ceary ha ATSE is iabe, no he cusomer. There are si oo many incidens repored of whees coming oose shory afer fiing. The main reason for his is poor mainenance or poor condiion of componens which can and shoud be spoed by a visua inspecion prior o refiing. Anyone refiing damaged componens is carrying ou a crimina ac. Aways ensure ha you horoughy inspec he condiion of a associaed pars and if you fee anyhing is un-fi for furher service you mus record i on your breakdown shee and bring i o he aenion of your manager as soon as possibe. MWS rus he foowing raining programme wi hep owards recognising he everyday dangers we a face wihin he word of whees and yres. John S Eis 01

3 MWS TRAINING Index MWS - The Whee Company Commercia Whee Producs Sandards & Quaiy Technica Daa Appendix SECTION 1 PAGES 03 TO 08 SECTION 2 PAGES 09 TO 26 SECTION 3 PAGES 27 TO 34 SECTION 4 PAGES 35 TO 43 SECTION 5 PAGES 44 TO 45 02

4 MWS TRAINING SECTION1 MWS - The Whee Company Your MWS Conacs The Organisaion Serving The Indusry ATSE Offer P AGE 04 P AGE 05 P AGE 06 P AGE 07 & 08 03

5 Your MWS Conacs 1a Accoun - Cusomer Service - Operaion SALES & PURCHASING Kevin Ryan Saes & Purchasing Direcor Te: Fax: Emai: kevin@mwsdisribuion.co.uk SALES & MARKETING Juie Hawkins Saes & Markeing Manager + ATSE Key Accoun Manager Te: Fax: Emai: juie@mwsdisribuion.co.uk TECHNICAL SUPPORT TEAM The eam offers, Saes Suppor, Technica Advice, Fee Suppor, Cenre Suppor and Roadside Suppor Emai: saes@mwsdisribuion.co.uk DIRECT ORDER LINE Emai: saes@mwsdisribuion.co.uk 04

6 The Organisaion 1b MWS Mancheser HEAD OFFICE Moor Whee Service is a disribuor and deveoper of whees. The company began (in 1928) as a suppier of Wire Whees and i has now expanded o provide a arge range of Whees such as, Truck & Traier (see & forged auminium) whees, Indusria, Earhmover and Specia Fabricaed Whees. MWS has grown o be one of Europe s arges whee disribuors especiay is range of Xie forged auminium whees. The map indicaes he UK disribuion cenre & fiing pan hroughou Europe via bue arrows. The European disribuion and ogisics cenre is ocaed a Piacenza, Iay via he back arrows. Chevron Chevron Chevron Manufacurer CHEVRON MAIN PLANTS Whees India Ld. was esabished in 1960 and manufacures he foowing... See whees for auomoive See whees for agricuura & off-road appicaions Xie forged auminium whees for ruck & raier Air Suspension CURRENT PLANTS Padi, Chennai (Madras):- Whees for rucks & buses, car & uiiy vehices, off-road, consrucion, agricuura racors, farm equipmen and wire whees. Pune, Mumbai:- Whees for passenger cars & uiiy vehices, agricuura racors, farm equipmen & ruck (LCV) Rampur:- Whees for agricuura racors & farm equipmen Bawa, Haryana:- Whees for passenger cars & uiiy vehices, agricuura racors &farm equipmen NEW PLANTS Uarancha & Tami Nadu 05

7 Serving The Indusry 1c Whees For A Purposes Saisfied Cusomers CHEVRON HD reinforcing whees Bus whees Truck whees Traier whees Tipper whees Tubeess whees See whees Forged auminium whees Recondiioned whees Tubed ype whees 15deg Drop cenre whees Tyres/Unis STRONGARM Whees for specia purposes Mik foa whees Mine fai whees Miiary whees Aspha machine whees Road panning whees Compacor whees Access paform whees Mining machine whees Whees for run fa inser Tyre o whee maching Conversions New PCD/offses for specias Upgrading/Downgrading HEAVYWEIGHT Wheeed oaders Wheeed graders Wheeed scrapers Dump ruck whees whees Crane whees Piece whees 1 Piece whees 3 Piece whees 5 Piece whees Recondiioned rims O-Rings Vaves LOADER Dumper whees JCB whees Skid seer whees Tee-hander whees Wheeed excavaors Whees up o 35 Tubed ype whees 1 piece we-base whees Tyre/Unis Tyrefi Vaves - air/waer Rubber Trax LIFTER RANGE Fork-if whees Scissor if whees Access paform whees Conainer hander whees Heavy duy raier whees Tug whees 8-15 whees whees whees Whees for POB yres Whees for soid yres Whees for pneumaic yres Mafi ype whees Tyres/Unis HD reinforcing whees AGRO Tracor whees fron Tracor whees rear Traier whees Combines Impemens Surry ankers Ride-on mowers Farm equipmen Tracor whees fron Tracor whees rear 8-52 whees Rowcrop whees Dua whees Fixed cenre whees Foresry whees Wide foaaion whees TRUCK & TRAILER MANUFACTURERS FLEETS & DISTRIBUTORS TYRE COMPANIES FLEET OWNERS 06

8 MWS Offer 1d Compee Whee Souions BREAKDOWN INSPECTION SPECIALIST WHEELS Exchange / Repacemen IMMEDIATE OPPORTUNITIES Disress purchase due o damage of See or Auminium whees Repacemen due o Service Inspecion End of Life idenified o he cusomer and advised o repace. Repacemen or Exchange when upgrading a yre. Exchange See o Auminium payoad, environmena fue savings End of ease reinsaemen LONG TERM OPPORTUNITIES Repacemen See wih Auminium for cosmeic reasons Ordering new vehices on See whees o be exchanged for a oca UK marke auminium. Refurbishmen &/or upgrade o make vehice and raier a more aracive sae. Leasing a compee whee and yre uni under mieage conrac. Possibe fuure opporuniy if mandaory 50k km whee inspecions are inroduced as in he Unied Saes Seing See Whees GOLD BRAND Lighes Whee: The average weigh of hese whees are around 37.50kg which means beer payoad. ALV (Disc Brake): Brake conro sysem providing key ifesaving funcions Quaiy: Beer finish on he whee Technica suppor: suppied by MWS + Manufacurer wi aend meeings wih cusomers + visi sie if required. TÜV: quaiy mark Higher price: SILVER RANGE Mid-range weighs: The average weigh is around 42kg which means i s si a good pay oad. Avaiabiiy: MWS aways have high socks - premium and budge brands are imied o order. Quaiy: Beer finish on he whee Technica suppor: suppied by MWS + Manufacurer wi aend meeings wih cusomers + visi sie if required. Good Price BRONZE WHEELS Heavies whees: The average weigh of hese whees are around 47kg which means payoad reduced Top 3 Sizes: x 22.5 (weigh 55kg) x m (weigh 55kg) 8.25 x 22.5 (weigh 50kg) Technica suppor: suppied by MWS TÜV: quaiy mark 07

9 MWS Offer (coninued) 1d Compee Whee Souions Xie Feaures & Benefis LIGHTWEIGHT A see whee weighs 41kg approx. equivaen forged auminium whees weighs 24-28kg (40% igher) = more payoad 20kg per whee increases payoad by 120kg per raier on a ri-axe Approximae whee 5kg difference beween cas and forged auminium STRONGER WHEEL Forged from soid bie (no weds) Increased srengh and impac resisance rus proof & corrosion resisan compared o See. Hea reamen for beer faigue srengh LOWER OPERATING COSTS Beer hea dissipaion 5 imes sronger Auminium absorbs hea beer & coos faser han see Tyres and brakes run cooer, wear is drasicay reduced RIDE COMFORT Low un-sprung mass on he whee Reduced vibraions ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY More payoad saves addiiona rips and/or reduced emissions / fue coss. (Vauabe) Unpained mea is easy o recyce Recyced mea saves energy GREAT LOOKS A highy corrosion-resisan forged auminium whee and eiminaes he need for pain Smooher conours aow easier ceaning and mainenance PROTECTED VALVE The vave is posiioned so as o proec i from any sones hrown by he brake roor GROOVE AT BORE The unique groove a he bore reduces he conac area, which means he ikeihood of corrosion buid-up is minimised, `Seizing of he spigo mouned whee is aso avoided hanks o he groove, hus faciiaing de-mouning. Offer By Segmen STEEL WHEELS GRADE BRAND TARGET A/C Premium Mid-Range Budge Lemmerz Chevron Whees Various Large Large - Medium Medium - Sma FORGED ALUMINIUM WHEELS GRADE BRAND TARGET A/C Premium Premium Xbrie Xie Large Large - Medium SPECIALIST WHEELS GRADE BRAND TARGET A/C Ad Hoc Ad Hoc Ad Hoc 08

10 MWS TRAINING SECTION2 Commercia Whee Producs Generic Informaion Care & Aenion Chevron Whees (Sub Secion 2c) Xie Whees (Sub Secion 2d) P AGE 10 TO 11 P AGE 12 TO 14 P AGE 15 TO 19 P AGE 20 TO 26 09

11 Generic Informaion 2a Abou The Chevron APPLICATIONS & USES There is differen ype of goods o ranspor Each specific ranspor requires a specific souion Specific souions by various body buiders The marke is divided ino segmens by body ype Markeing segmens by ruck / raier body ype MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS Weigh Voume Inerchange abiiy on hub SEGMENTS & SUB-SEGMENTS Consrucion - Open Buk, Concree Mixers & Pumps Tanker - Chemica, Fue & Gas Bus (Passenger Transpor) - Ciy Coach Reefer Conainer Chassis Oher - Heavy Load, Logging & Various The Big Quesion WHAT IS THE LIFETIME OF A WHEEL? When does a whee become a second-hand whee or a used whee? This saemen depends on many facors such as... Workoad Ground Surface (Quarry v Highway) Mainenance Mos whees have a 1-5 year warrany TAKE-OFF WHEELS There is no conro over he whee s specificaion, is ife or is warrany SECOND HAND / USED WHEELS Second Hand whees are echnicay ones ha have been in operaion for onger han deivery mieage Pease noe ha a new see whee has a 12 monh s warrany period covering workmanship agains specificaion. Norma wear and ear is no covered; hey may even faigue beyond heir ife expecancy. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS? Yes here are huge benefis... such as Price For a cheaper price you ge a produc of which he hisory is unknown and is faigue ife is unknown. Ask yoursef... How many impacs has i received? Are here any cracks e.g. hairine or abou o surface? How many shock oads has i endured? How many imes has i run overoaded? Are dimensions for yre fiing and camping correc Are yre sandards/specificaion safe for purpose? DON T GO WITH UNKNOWNS These unknowns may a be presen and a sae his week coud urn ino disaser nex week Think of he exra 20-60, for new, as insurance cover. Say 40 over ife of whee, say for 15 years, works ou a ess han 3 per year Exra cos for new..insurance agains.. Consequences of faiures. The responsibiiy ies wih: THE OPERATOR The Operaor buying he whee has a major responsibiiy o ensure ha his vehice is no a danger on he road and hereby iabe for negigence if he or she fis sub-sandard pars. THE SELLER Boh he seer of whees, as we as he saff making he decision o fi he whee need o adop a procedure o check he vaidiy of boh suppier and produc source aong wih ensuring ha here is a process in pace for checking he whee before fiing. 10

12 Generic Informaion (coninued) 2a Whee Types PRESSED STEEL WHEELS Whees are mainy we based which means i has a ow area in he cenre of he rim. Wihou his we you woud be unabe o fi a yre ono he rim. The whee is made in wo pieces. The ouer par is he rim and he inner par he Disc. I is he disc ha aaches he whee o he vehice whis and he rim suppors he yre. The whee is manufacured from one srip of see which is processed ino a Disc and Rim and uimaey assembed o make he whee, his process aso ensures he specificaion incudes a iems ised UNIQUE DETAILS THAT IDENTIFY ALL WHEELS Whee diameer Whee widh Cenre bore No of sud / bo hoes The sud / bo seaing Inse / offse / cenre nave Whee coour Whee manufacurers par number Vehice manufacurers par number MWS universa par numbering sysem. THE RIM Okay. If you wan o change he whees on a ruck, you need o ake some hings ino consideraion. The rim is made in differen diameers from a few inches o many fee. We are mainy concerned wih he range beween 13 o 24 The circe of mea which is he rim is pressed ino a very exac shape which in mos cases is known as We Based. The name impies a we in he rim and ha is exacy wha i is. Look a a whee profie cu across and he we is he ow secion in he cenra area. The rims we base can have a number of differen profies bu he main feaures are humps. Main ypes of rim... We based rim - designed for easier fiing of yres. Semi drop cenre rim Spi rim / wo piece wih a sighy deeper bead sea Tube ype rim One-piece whee wih a fa base for yre fimen. Fa base Rim Spi wo-piece rim wih a fa base. THE FLANGE The fange is he curved edge, hook or ip ha is seen on a whee a is rim edge. The fange is recorded as a profie no a size. These profies are known as eers such as J, K, L, JK ec. A ypica exampe of a whee size woud be 6J x 13. Rim edge profies can be confusing however here purpose is o suppor he yre bead aeray in an operaing condiion. Tha suppor needs o be mainained under pressure and he curve is designed o coninue ha suppor. The fina round finish ensures no chaffing of he yre in operaion. 11

13 Care & Aenion 2b Check A Whees CHECK ALL WHEELS FOR... Dens and damage Cracks Signs of under-infaion Corrosion Markings on nave pae Maing surface Cenre hoe or Bore Sud hoes Pain hickness Vave hoe DENTS & DAMAGE A bady dened whee wi no run rue. Basicay any damage ha disors he whee from is origina shape for exampe, if more han 10% wear in iniia fange hickness he whee is effecivey defecive and shoud be repaced. (No repairabe) CRACKS Cracks can appear a cerain pars of a whee, herefore, he foowing shoud be checked... Veniaion hoe o veniaion hoe, veniaion hoe o sud hoe and veniaion hoe o rim. Sud hoe o sud hoe, for exampe, oose nus/sma hub backup/ nus may be oo igh or in he wrong sequence. Leak under yre bead or eak in we radius or eak a he bu wed. SIGNS OF UNDER-INFLATION Wear aong circumference of bead sea on rim CORROSION Surface corrosion of he whee rim can be wire brushed and ceaned. Excessive faking or bady pied mea indicaes a need o scrap he rim Areas of concern are: Around sud hoes on disc On maing surface such as whee on disc. Around he cenre hoe/bore on disc Bead sea on rim Around vave hoe on rim MARKINGS ON NAVE PLATE Size and offse Dae of manufacure Name of manufacurer Par number To assis wih compaibiiy wih yre and vehice if renewing MARKINGS ON NAVE PLATE A conac or maing surfaces on he whee disc and axe hub mus be cean, smooh, corrosion free. CENTRE HOLE OR BORE Warping, den or bucke in disc. There may be damage o edge or severe corrosive piing around he circumference sufficien enough o affec he cenring and fu conac maing of he whee. STUD HOLES Firsy, he ighening sequence is imporan firs wo nus finger igh Manufacuring oerance of 1mm on sud hoe diameer Ovaiy of a hoe wi mean i s no fi for purpose because here is a possibiiy of sress if eading o breakdown beween nu washer and whee surface oose nus PAINT THICKNESS Whees are coaed wih ani-corrosion primer and siver op coa. The oa hickness from producion is approximaey 45 microns wih a maximum of 60 microns The indusry preference is no o have pain on maing surfaces and where repaining a whee wih minima and even coverage needs o be checked; remember, pain brush coaing wi exceed maximum hickness VALVE HOLE Vave hoe surface mus have a cean and even surface and he area mus be free from burrs and sharp edges. A eak a he vave hoe is caused by damage or severe corrosion 12

14 Care & Aenion (coninued) 2b WARNING Use of wrong whee nus can cause oss of orque, broken suds and cracked wheescondiions, which can ead o injury or deah. Use bos and nus according o he manufacurers insrucions. Repace defecive nus and bos using ony specific hardware designed for use and as described in he manufacurer s handbook. I is dangerous o use Ba sea cap nus on hub pioed mouning whees and wo-piece fange nus on Sud ocaed mouning whees as wrong cap nus can cause oose nus evenuay resuing in broken suds and cracked whees, condiions which can ead o injury or deah. Remind he driver of a newy orqued vehice he requiremen o reorque he whee afer 30 minues wheher he vehice has moved or no. Whee Remova & Inspecion RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROPER WHEEL INSTALLATION Ensure he ighness of a whee nus o he recommended orque reguary (see secion 4-9). Due o oose nus, oad is uneveny disribued on he suds resuing in cracks in he suds or may break. Evenuay Whee wi ge oosened and disengaged from he vehice. Loose whee nus wi deform he sud hoes. Rus and dus smears a sud hoes can indicae oose nus (see Secion 2). Check and repace a damaged (ben, broken, cracked or damaged) suds. Aso repace he adjacen suds of a damaged sud and repace a he suds if more han 2 suds are broken. Ensure he conacing surfaces are horoughy ceaned and free from burrs, nicks, ec. before mouning as unduaed surfaces may oosen he whees. Ensure he whee mouning area is covered and wrenches wih smooh ends are used o avoid scraches on he whee before ighening he nus. Conduc a whee fimen es before performing he yre fimen. Perform whee baancing afer yre mouning. Do no aemp o repair he whees. Aways foow he proper whee insaaion and mainenance pracices. When he ruck whees are dua mouned in he rear wih a see whee inside and auminium whee ouside, care mus be aken o sea he see whee propery o he hub or drum prior o mouning he Auminium whee. The whee nu seeced shoud have enough shank engh o fix he see whee and he ouer auminium whee. You are recommended o use a Whee Proecor Spacer beween he inner and ouer whee o preven any damage ike scraches and dens. Vehices may no have enough hub pio engh o ocae dua auminium whees. Hence umos aenion is o be paid especiay when see whees are repaced wih auminium whees. Minimum hub engh required for Hub pioed auminium whees is 1.38 or 35mm for dua whees. Lubricaing ENSURE YOU LUBRICATE CORRECTLY Lighy ubricae he sud hreads and he conac surface beween he cap nu and he seeve. Generousy ubricae he Hub Pads or he whee hub bore generousy wih a non-waer based ubrican. Appy wo-drops of oi o a poin beween he nus and fanges and wo drops o he as wo or hree hreads a he end of each sud Do no use spin-off or iquid spanner as hese are peneraing ois and no ubricaing ois. When i comes o spigo whee nus pease ensure ha a of he washers urn freey. If no, hen ighy ubricae hem and if hey si won urn hen repace hem immediaey. OIL 13

15 Care & Aenion (coninued) 2b Ceaning Whees CLEANING COATED XBRITE WHEELS I is imporan ha exra care is aken o ensure ha your xie whees wih he specia coaing of Xbrie are kep ooking good and safe from damage hus guaraneeing ha your whees are mainained propery and according o he 5 year warrany procedures. The Xbrie coaed whee is speciay processed o reain is origina Sheen and Giz herefore, by foowing he simpe ceaning procedures beow wi hep reain heir grea ooks. However, he mouning area can become discooured or scrached by being in conac wih he surfaces of anoher objec such as he Brake Drum and Whee Nus. Warrany MANUFACTURER S WARRANTY I is imporan ha you read your Xie Service Warrany (form ) and ensure ha by adhering o is do s and don s hen you are assured ha your whees are kep ooking heir bes. For a copy of form pease conac THE PROCEDURE WARNING DO NOT cean he Xbrie whee surfaces wih abrasives, abrasive brushes, see woo, scouring pads or srong chemicas such as acids or akaine producs. DO NOT whaever he circumsances use Xie Ceaner on Xbrie whees as his migh damage he Xbrie surface DO NOT use Xie Spray Ceaner on Xbrie whees for wha ever reason, his may damage he surface shine. If, upon inspecion when ceaning your whee you discover any damage hen ake he whee aong o your deaer or heir represenaives, and, if upon heir inspecion he whee/s are found o be fauy or fa ino he is as a genuine fau ha is covered by your warrany hen hey wi ac according. However, if your whee/s are found no o be fauy hen your deaer wi expec reimbursemen for a coss incurred. Firsy, ensure ha he whees are aowed o coo before washing. Never spray cod waer ono exremey ho whees. Hose he Xbrie whee horoughy wih waer hus making he enire surface we. Any oose dus ha is presen wi go off during his sep; for beer effeciveness use warm waer. If here is any soi suck o he surface of he whee, hen spray a mid soapy deergen souion eveny on o he surface of he whee. Aow 3 o 5 minues for he souion o remove he dir. Rinse horoughy wih cean waer and hen air dry. Repeaing he process may be necessary if he soi is heavy. 14

16 MWS TRAINING 2c1 Chevron Whees Whee Traceabiiy Whee Idenificaion Whee Specificaion P AGE 16 P AGE 17 P AGE 18 TO 19a 15

17 Chevron Whees 2c2 Whee Traceabiiy MANDATORY MARKINGS According o eiher DIN 7829 or ISO 3911 respecfuy, a Chevron disc whees are marked wih our Trade Mark (TM), he whee number, rim size and producion dae. This marking is someimes shown on he fron side of he disc and pary on he rim surface a he side of he brake. Due o ega provisions or a he reques of he cusomer, furher indicaions may be samped. 1 Manufacurer 2 E Rim - To mach yre E number 3 DOT - Deparmen of ransporaion Diameer of rim Widh of he rim 6 A - Maeria bach code marking Year & monh code 8 A - Bach on he monh TRACEABILITY Each Chevron whee is engraved wih individua raceabiiy seria number. This enabes racking of individua whee informaion. This engraving can be found on he inner side of whee rim beow he rear yre sea area. OWNER/IN-SERVICE IDENTIFICATION In case he vehice owners wan o speciay idenify whees as o Ownership and In-Service Dae use sickers. The ocaion of he sicker is recommended o be adjacen o Facory marking. Punching or pin marking is up o he risk of he owner

18 Chevron Whees (coninued) 2c2 Whee Idenificaion Modern see disc whees esseniay consis of a rim and whee disc. The rim serves as he sea of he yre; he whee disc connecs he rim wih he whee hub. MEASURING THE WHEEL There are many dimensions ha are ised on he manufacurer s deaied drawing and we have endeavoured o idenify hose of significance when i comes o expaining sizes o a cusomer. Deaied informaion can be found a he end of his secion under whee specificaion. 1 MWS Par Number 2 Whee Size 2a = Widh 2b = Diameer 3 Mouning Hoe 4 Number of Mouning Hoes 5 Inse 6 Offse 7 Pich Circe Diameer (PCD) 8 Cenre Bore WHEEL NUMBER By means of he whee number he whee can unambiguousy be aocaed o he respecive engineering drawing. I is affixed o every whee hus admiing an exac idenificaion of he whee in a echnica deai. OFFSET The offse is he dimension from he rim cenre o he aachmen face of he whee disc on he side of he hub. This dimension can be eiher posiive or negaive. The rack widh is deermined by he disance of he ouer hub face of he axe and he whee offse. WHEEL DISC The whee disc serves as a connecion beween rim and whee hub. The par which aaches he hub fange or he brake drum wi be as pane surface. The shape of he whee disc is infuenced by he form of he rim, axe connecion, brake conour, brake cooing, fixing of he whee cover, he requiremen for high oading capaciy aong wih ow whee weigh, as we as reques for aracive appearance (sying). RIM Rims serve as a sea of he yre. Caused by hisorica reasons he rim size, rim fange and rim we dimensions are si vaid word-wide. Rims, jus as he perinen yres are sandardised boh naionay (DIN) as we as inernaionay (ETRTO, T & RA, ISO ec.) Vave Type 9 (E.T.R.T.O. Hub 4 83 Fange 2b2 8 Dia Fange 6 5 Rim Widh 2a 1 Rim Cenre Line ORDER & ENQUIRIES When pacing an order you ony need o indicae he whee numbers ised in he specificaion shee which is shown a he end of his secion. CV PART NO. 612 WHEEL SIZE 7.50 x 19.5 MOUNTING HOLE Ø 26mm MOUNTING HOLES 8 INSET mm 139 HDS Offse mm 151 PCD Ø mm 275 CENTRE BORE Ø mm

19 Chevron Whees (coninued) 2c3 MWS Chevron God Specificaion Tyre Size (Recommended) 8R 17.5, R, 9R, , 75, R, 9R, , 75, R, 9R, , 75, R, 9R, , 75, , 75, , , , 75, , , , , , , , 265, , 285, , 285, , , , , , , R, 10R, R, , , R, , , R, , , R, , , R, , , R, , , , 70, , Whee Size Widh x Dia. Bo/Sud Type Hoes Qy. Inse mm HDS (Offse) mm PCD Pich Circe mm Cenre Bore mm Weigh kg Max Load kg Dua Moun ALV Brake Disc Appn Whee Vave MWS Chevron Par No x 17.5 M YES V CV x 17.5 M YES YES V CV x 17.5 M YES YES V CV x 17.5 M21.5 DIN YES V CV803VB 6.00 x 17.5 M18 DS YES YES V CV x 17.5 M18 DS YES V CV8483SJA 6.75 x 17.5 M YES YES V CV x 17.5 M YES YES V CV x 19.5 M YES YES V CV x 19.5 M YES YES V CV x 19.5 M YES YES V CV x 19.5 B22 DS YES YES V CV x 19.5 M22 DS YES V CV x 19.5 M YES V CV x 19.5 M YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV x 22.5 M YES YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV847KFBS 7.50 x 22.5 M YES YES V CV x 22.5 M YES YES V CV x 22.5 M YES YES V CV x 22.5 M YES YES V CV x 22.5 M V CV

20 Chevron Whees (coninued) 2c4 Coninued , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , x 22.5 M23 DC YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV x 22.5 M YES YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV MWS Chevron Siver Specificaion Tyre Size (Recommended) 8R, 9R, , 75, , , , , , , , 265, , 265, , 285, R, , , R, , , R, , , R, , , R, , , R, , , R, , , , 70, , , , Whee Size Widh x Dia. Bo/Sud Type Hoes Qy. Inse mm HDS (Offse) mm PCD Pich Circe mm Cenre Bore mm Weigh kg Max Load kg Dua Moun ALV Brake Disc Appn Whee Vave MWS Chevron Par No x mm DIN YES V CV x mm DIN YES V CV x mm DIN YES CV610 V x mm DIN YES V CV x mm DIN YES V CV x mm DIN YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV x 22.5 M22 BSF YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV x 22.5 M22 BSF YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV x 22.5 M22 BSF YES V CV x 22.5 M YES V CV x 22.5 M V CV x 22.5 M22 BSF V CV x 22.5 M V CV

21 2c5 PLEASE NOTE BUS & COACH WHEEL DATA Like he yre, he whee pays an imporan roe in vehice safey and is a vecor for innovaion and conribues o vehice performance hrough weigh gain, fue saving, pay-oad gains, hea dissipaion and improved appearance. AVAILABLE WHEEL FINISHES Whees are finished in siver, however, can be pained o your specificaion Chevron Whees (coninued) Chevron Quaiy See Whees Our God Range MWS Disribuion now disribues hroughou Europe, and surrounding counries, here own chevron see whee brands, o a secors of he indusry. In order o provide a more focused service for he markes MWS Disribuion covers he foowing OEM and Afermarke. This gives poenia and exising cusomers a beer focused aocaion of resources o saisfy heir paricuar marke needs, hus providing an improved cusomer service. OEM MANUFACTURED BETTER PAYLOAD: The average weigh of hese whees is around 37.50kg QUALITY: Beer finish on he whee Our Siver Range For he emergency purchase secor (breakdowns) we are aware ha speed of response; from enquiry o order o deivery, is essenia and we are commied o fufiing his need. For panned repairs and refurbishmens we hod, and have access o, subsania socks of whees for a ypes of vehices. To ensure ha we mee your requiremens we provide echnica suppor and guidance hroughou he course of every enquiry o make sure he correc produc is suppied o he cusomer. GOOD PAYLOAD: The average weigh of hese whees is around 42kg QUALITY: Beer finish on he whee DISC BRAKE: ALV Brake conro sysem providing key ifesaving funcions QUALITY MARK: TÜV QUALITY MARK: TÜV TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Suppied by MWS + Manufacurer TECHNICAL SUPPORT: Suppied by MWS + Manufacurer AVAILABILITY: MWS aways have high socks 19a

22 MWS TRAINING 2d1 Xie Whees Whee Traceabiiy Whee Idenificaion Whee Specificaion Xie Advanages Xie Suppor P AGE 21 P AGE 22 P AGE 23 P AGE 24 P AGE 25 TO 26 20

23 Xie Whees (coninued) 2d2 Whee Traceabiiy MANDATORY MARKINGS The picure shows a samped image on he whee s rim, his is your proof ha each whee compies wih an inernaiona and recognisabe sandard, wihou his informaion he whee is no guaraneed and shoud no be used. Each eer or number means somehing o he fier or owner 1. The MWS Fying Chevron (Symbo of Quaiy) 2. Maximum Whee Load Raing (Kg) 3. Maximum Infaion Pressure (MAX kpa) 4. FMVSS 120 Designaion (952 DOT - E) 5. Manufacured By: (Whees India Ld) 6. Dae of Manufacure Year / Monh (0810) 7. Whee Code (003) 8. Whee Size (22.5 x 11.75) 9. Individua Seria Number (L 326) TRACEABILITY Each auminium whee is engraved wih individua seria numbers ensuring raceabiiy. This engraving can be found on he inner side of whee rim beow he rear yre sea area. OWNER/IN-SERVICE IDENTIFICATION In case he vehice owners wan o speciay idenify whees as o Ownership and In-Service Dae use sickers. The ocaion of he sicker is recommended o be adjacen o Facory marking. Punching or pin marking is up o he risk of he owner WHEEL FINISH (M) Machined Finish (PO) Poished Ouside (P2) Poished Boh Sides (XB) Xbrie Specia Finish 21

24 Xie Whees (coninued) 2d3 Whee Recogniion THE WHEEL S FUNCTION IS... Connec he yre o he axe of he vehice Transmi forces from he axe o he yre Carry he vehice & oad WHEEL PARTS & POSITIONING For a deaied descripion of a he pars ised pease refer o he Gossary of Terms (Secion 5) 1 MWS Par Number 2 Whee Size 2a = Widh 2b = Diameer 3 Mouning Hoe 4 Number of Mouning Hoes 5 Inse 6 Offse 7 Disc Thickness 8 Pich Circe Diameer (PCD) 9 Cenre Bore Vave Type 9 (E.T.R.T.O. Hub 4 93 Fange 2b2 8 Dia Rim Widh 2a Rim Cenre Line Fange CVAA PART NO. 003 WHEEL SIZE x 22.5 MOUNTING HOLE Ø 26mm MOUNTING HOLES 10 INSET mm 0 SET HDS Offse mm - DISC THICKNESS mm 22.4 PCD Ø mm 335 CENTRE BORE Ø mm 281 WHEEL WEIGHT Kg 23.7 MAX LOAD Kg 4500 TYRE SIZE Recommended 385/65 R 22.5 or 385/55 R 22.5 or 15 R

25 Xie Whees (coninued) x x x x x XF x XF XB 203M 203P2 203XB M 288P2 288XB x x x SET XF x x M 302M 301P2 302P2 301XB 302XB 067M 067P2 121M 121P2 121XB M 122P2 122XB 046M 046P2 046XB 047M 047P2 047XB 003M 003PO 003XB x x SET 120 INSET 120 INSET M 019PO 019XB - 040M 040PO 040XB - 041M 041PO 041XB TR 543C 245/265 R /265 R R R /80 R 22.5 or 12 R /80 R 22.5 or 12 R /80 R 22.5 or 13 R /80 R 22.5 or 13 R /65 R 22.5 or 385/55 R 22.5 or 15 R /65 R 22.5 or 385/55 R 22.5 or 15 R /65 R 22.5 or 385/55 R 22.5 or 15 R /65 R 22.5 or 385/55 R 22.5 or 15 R x x x x TM 1670 TR 543C TR 543C TR 543C TR 543C TR 543C 069XF /70 R M 262M 168M 069M 284P2 262P2 168P2 069P2 284XB 262XB 168XB 069XB for DAF IVECO & SCANIA 059M 060PO 059PO 060PO 059XB 060XB 235/245 R /245 R /245 R /265 R /65 R 22.5 or 385/55 R 22.5 or 15 R /65 R 22.5 or 385/55 R 22.5 or 15 R x x INSET 135 INSET MS 07 or TM MS 07 or TM MS 07 or TM MS 07 or TM MS 07 or TM MS 07 or TM1670 TR 542 TR 542 TR 542 TR 542 TR 542 TR your Xie Disribuor or refer o he Xie Technica Manua before mouning your Xie Whees. Errors and omissions excuded. Xie Forged Auminium Whee Specificaion mm PLEASE NOTE Xbrie is a surface reamen which proecs he auminium, aowing easy ceaning wih soap and waer. Xfange is a reamen on he whee rim ha adds proecion o he fange for a onger service ife. The acua whee weigh may differ by 300gms o 500gms due o manufacuring oerances Informaion was correc a he ime of going o prin, however, we advise ha you check wih Tyre Size (Recommended) Whee Size Widh x Dia. Xie Par No. Mouning Hoe Hoes Qy. Inse mm HDS (Offse) mm Disc Thickness mm Cenre Bore mm PCD Pich Circe Weigh kg mm XB = Xbrie XF = Xfange M = Machined PO = Poished Ouside P2 = Poished 2 Sides Max Load kg Dua Moun 2d4 Whee Hump Whee Vave

26 Xie Whees (coninued) 2d5 Xie Advanages THE ADVANTAGES Vave hoe posiion shifed owards bead sea area Couner bore diameer increased Adding srengh o he vave hoe region Weigh and ooks - Our Produc is very compeiive agains ohers in he marke No risks - forged auminium whees are we known and have been produced since 1949 Addiiona opion for your cusomer Addiiona source of revenue Compared o marke whees, Xie whee s sress eve has been reduced by 9% and es performance improved by 46% PROFITABILITY / PAY BACK Increased payoad Reduced fue consumpion Longer yre and brake ife Componens Less mainenance coss Srengh/Warrany - fewer probems Higher resae vaue 100% recycabe Marke Whee Xie Whee 24

27 Xie Whees (coninued) 2d6 Xie Suppor FLEET ROADSIDE & CENTRES Fee Origina Equipmen Manufacurers (OEMs) Traier Truck Deaers Tyre Deaers FLEET Use our producs Pay he higher price Know he produc ha is being ranspored Can evauae he advanages of our produc and jusify he invesmen. OEMs TRAILER Our produc offers a compeiive edge incuding grea ooks Auminium whees are we known and have been produced since 1949 No Risks! Addiiona opion o mee your cusomer s needs Addiiona Source of Revenue Fee Composiion QUESTIONS & INFORMATION EXCHANGE Number Rigid, Tracor, Traier & Semi Brand & Type Type of Whee - See - Forged Auminium Cas Auminium Transpor Segmen Tyre & Brand Type Tyre Deaer Name Truck Deaer Name Typica Journey + Average Tyre Mieage WE OFFER OUR CUSTOMER S Provide produc raining Sae raining echniques Suppor for mar/com & web Godmine oos YOUR AIMS WHEN VISITING A FLEET No o se our produc bu presen he concep of a safer produc incuding a possibe quick R.O.I. Ony o se he benefis of using Xie Whees To gran assisance and warrany gobay To updae our cusomers Technicay wih he aes informaion To expain he money hey save by he Reurn on Invesmen (R.O.I.) 25

28 Xie Whees (coninued) 2d6 Seing Poins INTRODUCTION Saes a he Roadside / Cenre / Fee Types of Seing a Trade Shows / Campaigns FLEET SELLING Specia price negoiaions AT THE ROADSIDE Scrip / End of Life Case Sudies Signing a waver AT THE CENTRE Quoaion Couner Saes Educaion he cusomer Conversions / Exchanges Seing accessories A The Cenre COUNTER TELEPHONE SALE An opening o poin ou he services we offer ha hey may no be aware of, herefore ensure he foowing poins are foowed... Repacemen required Upgrade of Whee / Tyre reoading ec. Exchange Programme Fier s advice due o any roadside condiion Winer whee & spare yre (See & Auminium) Up se when i comes o accessories ec. Ceaning & Mainenance advice Whee appearance /accessories A The Roadside CHECK ALL WHEELS MWS have in pace a 10 poin pan for checking a whees Check for dens and damage Cracks Signs of under-infaion Corrosion Markings on nave pae Sud hoes Maing surface Cenre hoe or Bore Pain hickness Vave hoe DISTRESS PURCHASER Ensure he cusomer of he foowing poins as his heps o creae beer confidence and rus Thef / Insurer s repacemen Accidens where repacemens are required Whees requiring he noices o repace Obsoees fabricae repacemens UP SELL There are ampe opporuniies o poin ou o cusomers ha upon inspecion (prior o removing a whee/s) you have noiced somehing wrong, you mus hen remember he foowing poins... Immediae opporuniies Disress Purchase due o damaged whees Repacemen due o Inspecion Idenify End of Life if so advise repacemen Repace or Exchange due o upgrade of yre Exchange see o Xie poining ou he advanages Advanages of exchange are payoad and fue saving End of Lease reinsaemen Long Term Opporuniies REPLACING STEEL WITH ALUMINIUM There is good reason for repacemen whees, changing from see o auminium has many advanages... Cosmeic reasons - fee image and brand Sronger Ligher Less vunerabe o corrosion 5 year warrany Longer ife expecancy Refurbishmen and/or upgrading a vehice wi make a more aracive sae or, order new vehices ha have see whees and exchange hem for Xie forged auminium whees under our exchange programme. 26

29 MWS TRAINING SECTION3 Sandards & Quaiy Cerificaion Liabiiy Tesing Brands Manufacuring P AGE 28 P AGE 29 TO 30 P AGE 31 P AGE 32 P AGE 33 TO 34 27

30 Cerificaion 3a Produc Cerificaion ACHIEVING INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS Xie forged auminium whees have now achieved inernaiona accaim and his has been earned hrough meeing he high sandards expeced in oday s compeiive marke pace. We have srived o achieve a he reevan inernaiona cerificaes and hese awards prove ha Xie whees have been found o be of an approved sandard in accordance wih he requiremens expeced from a professiona organisaion. ISO/TS16949 (2010) ISO 14001:2004 (2009) ISO 9001 TUV Approved Toa Empoyee Invovemen in Kaizan & Poka Yoke Vaue Sream Mapping & Process ALL CERTIFICATES Copies of a cerificaes reaing o any of he producs menioned in his manua are avaiabe upon wrien reques. 28

31 Liabiiy 3b Obigaions EMPLOYERS & EMPLOYEES OBLIGATIONS You mus make every effor o ensure ha you ake reasonabe care abou he heah and safey for yourseves and ohers wihin ATSE who migh carry ou any inspecion, repair or mouning of whees. I is very imporan ha any acs or omissions a work underaken by persons empoyed direcy or sub-conraced by ATSE, and where possibe, mus ensure fu co-operaion beween a paries o ensure ha sauory duies are compied wih. If hese duies are no adhered o hen here are sauory aws ha can be enforced. THE PENALTIES On summary of a convicion in a cour of aw here is a penay ha can cos boh paries housands of pounds. For more serious cases where a convicion is achieved his can mean an unimied fine or imprisonmen or even boh. In excepiona circumsances where mansaugher charges can be brough. ATSE does no wrie he aw, i shoud abide by hem and he aw saes ceary ha ATSE is iabe, no he cusomer. There are si oo many incidens repored of whees coming oose shory afer fiing. The main reason for his is poor mainenance or poor condiion of componens which can and shoud be spoed by a visua inspecion prior o refiing. Anyone refiing damaged componens is carrying ou a crimina ac. Aways ensure ha you horoughy inspec he condiion of a associaed pars and if you fee anyhing is un-fi for furher service you mus record i on your breakdown shee and bring i o he aenion of your manager as soon as possibe. MWS rus he foowing raining programme wi hep owards recognising he everyday dangers we a face wihin he word of whees and yres. BEWARE Cracked, ben or oherwise damaged whees mus no be repaired or re-fied. A manufacurers and whee professionas woud advocae repacemen-for-new where any disress whee aciviy occurs, such as, moorway bow-ou. 29

32 Liabiiy (coninued) 3b Safey is Criica COMMERCIAL VEHICLE WHEELS As i sands oday under UK aw, a whee can be invoved in a serious acciden and may incur damage. The nex day i coud be back on a differen vehice wihou inspecion, or coud be sod on. No marking means no hisory and no abiiy o race iabiiy. Approximaey 10,000 second-hand and ake-off whees ener he UK afermarke every year, of which an unknown quaniy may be subsandard and poeniay hazardous. These whees have no hisory or raceabiiy, and can be sod in he UK by anybody who has no go he echnica abiiies or examinaion procedures o ascerain he hisory and faigue of a whee. The serious impicaions of purchasing a fauy whee are huge, wih warrany, iabiiy and safey being jus a few of he major facors. ASK YOURSELF Can we answer a of he foowing quesions? Do our organisaion members know he impicaions when hey source heir commercia vehice whees? Can we be sure our organisaion members appy a fu risk assessmen when purchasing a commercia vehice whee? Do members know where o purchase new or secondhand or ake-off commercia vehice whees? Do we know if commercia vehice whees are horoughy inspeced on a reguar basis? Do our members know who is responsibe wihin heir own organisaion if one of heir commercia vehice whees fai and cause an acciden? LAW ISSUES BE WARNED - In he years since Corporae Mansaugher and Corporae Homicide Ac 2007 enered he saue books in 2008, much has been made of he need for companies o risk assess heir aciviies. For exampe, did you know ha faiure o appy a fu risk assessmen in he purchase of a commercia whee can uimaey ead o a Corporae Mansaugher charge? you may aso ike o know ha shoud he iem fai and cause a caasrophic injury, prison coud even be on he cards. MWS AIMS Wihin he nex hree years we have five specific aims... To educae he marke-pace on he correc procedures when i comes o purchasing second-hand and/or ake-off commercia vehice whees. To raise he issue in parnership wih key sakehoders, incuding eading companies and indusry organisaions. To obby he Deparmen for Transpor and provide evidence ha wi uimaey ead o a fu invesigaion ino he scae of he issue. To ensure whees become par of he VOSA es inspecion and become cassed as a safey criica iem. To inroduce an E-mark sysem ino he commercia vehice whee marke, his wi ensure minimum sandards, cerified performance characerisics, and, more imporany, raceabiiy. 30

33 Tesing 3c Xbrie Tes Repor EXAMPLE OF COMPARISON Xie whees have now achieved inernaiona accaim and his has been earned hrough meeing he high sandards expeced in oday s compeiive marke pace. We have srived o achieve a he reevan inernaiona cerificaes, hese awards are o prove ha Xie whees have been found o be of an approved sandard in accordance wih he requiremens expeced from a professiona organisaion. Tesing a our producs is paramoun and we pride ourseves in comparing favouraby wih he marke eader, and now our Xie range of forged auminium whees are known as he True Aernaive TEST PROCEDURE TEST RESULTS SI N O DETAIL STANDARD MARKET WHEEL MWS XBRITE REMARKS 1 Appearance Visua Coaing Thickness Cross hach Cycic corrosion CASS Impac resisance Abrasion Penci Waer Resisance Akai Resisance Acid Resisance Voaie Soven Diese Ho Waer Eddy curren probe -NDT ASTM D Honda JIS -JASO / C448 ((12 Cyces. (1Cyce = Sa spray - deg c. Drying c (Humidiy 95%)) ISO 9227 GM Sandards EDS T 7701 GM Sandards EDS T 7756 ASTM D Toyoo sandard TS H1505G Toyoo sandard TS H1509G Toyoo sandard TS H1509G Toyoo sandard TS H1508G Toyoo sandard TS H1551G Toyoo sandard TS H1505G Uniform coaing and rough machined surface 3-7microns Coaing was adheren and no peeing noiced.(passed 5B (0/100) 1. Surface finish was inac afer he es. 2. Absence of deaminaion. 3. Absence of corrosion on enire whee incuding edges. 1. Creep effec is very minmum afer 320 hours of cass es 2. This indicaed he good adherence of he coaing wih subsrae. 1. Cracks a he cenre of impression 2. No fissure observed in he edges of he impression. 3. Coaing has good impac resisance. 1. Abrasion of he coaing agains see shos was noiced 2. Significan amoun of impression was noiced (50 ou of 2500). 3. Coaing showed moderae abrasion resisance. Absence of scribing mark a 2H (PASSED) 3. Visibe marks a 3H(FAILED) No bisering and peeing No discooraion, cracking, bisering, peeing, hoes or sofening No discooraion, cracking, bisering, peeing, hoes or sofening No discooraion, cracking, bisering, peeing, hoes or sofening No discooraion, cracking, bisering, peeing, hoes or sofening No bisering or peeing Uniform coaing on smooh machining 10-15microns Coaing was adheren and no peeing noiced.(passed 5B (0/100) 1. Surface finish was inac afer he es. 2. Absence of deaminaion. 3. Absence of corrosion on enire whee incuding edges. 1. Creep effec is very minmum afer 312 hours of cass es 2. This indicaed he good adherence of he coaing wih subsrae. 1. No cracks a he cenre of impression 2. No fissure observed in he edges of he impression. 3. Coaing has very good impac resisance. 1. Abrasion of he coaing agains see shos is insignifican. 2. Negigibe amoun of impression was noiced(10 ou of 2500). 3.Coaing showed superior abrasion resisance. 1. Absence of scribing mark a 1H (PASSED) 2. Visibe marks a 2H (borderine) 3. Visibe marks a 3H(FAILED) No bisering and peeing No discooraion, cracking, bisering, peeing, hoes or sofening No discooraion, cracking, bisering, peeing, hoes or sofening No discooraion, cracking, bisering, peeing, hoes or sofening No discooraion, cracking, bisering, peeing, hoes or sofening No bisering or peeing Beer Surface Finish Higher Thickness Good Adherence Simiar o Marke Whee Good Corrosion Simiar o Marke Whee Good Corrosion Creep Simiar o Marke Whee Beer Impac Resisance Superior Abrasion Resisance Sighy Lower Hardness Comparabe Wih Marke Whee Comparabe Wih Marke Whee Comparabe Wih Marke Whee Comparabe Wih Marke Whee Comparabe Wih Marke Whee Comparabe Wih Marke Whee 31

34 Brands 3d Chevron See Whees COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INDUSTRY We are suppiers o he Commercia Vehice Indusry o Companies such as Hayes-Lemmerz Kronprinz See whees are si 80% of he Commercia Vehice marke FABRICATED STEEL WHEELS Pressed Disc & Roed Rim is weded ogeher and sandard for Commercia Vehices. The advanages are... Universa: No probems wih repacemen Ease of Use: Mouning or Dismouning foowing he Norma Procedure The disadvanages are... Corrosion Sensiive: Corrosion deerioraes he quaiy of he whee Weigh: much heavier han auminium whees Forged Auminium Whees FOR TRUCKS, BUSES & TRAILERS We are suppiers o he Commercia Vehice Indusry o many bue-chip companies and our Xie whees are now recognised word-wide and accoun for more han 22% of he marke pace. TWO KINDS OF ALUMINIUM WHEEL Cas Auminium: Liquid aum-mea cas in mouds Forged Auminium: Made from singe arge bocks of auminium in 3 seps forged o conour The advanages are... Aesheics: They ook grea Corrosion: Less corrosion sensiive han see whees, onger ife-cyce Recycing: Auminium is a more vauabe maeria han see THE XLITE BRANDING The Xie ogo is regisered under No and, uness auhorised by MWS Disribuion Limied, use of he Xie ogo is prohibied. Noaby, MWS wi no aow is ogos o be used in connecion wih conformiy assessmen aciviies. Exampes of unaccepabe use of he our ogos woud incude use on producs, in pubicaions, on Inerne sies, in markeing maerias, adverisemens and company eerheads which are no reaive o he Xie range of producs; aowing such use of our ogos woud give he fase impression ha MWS has approved or auhorised such use. Where wrien auhorisaion has been given o use our Xie ogo, he ogo/s canno be disored in anyway oher han ha shown in he foowing exampes. The ogo/s can vary in size and sighy in appearance bu mus aways be sized equay on is x & y axis, for exampe... if heigh x = 55% hen widh y mus = 55% 32

35 Manufacuring 3e The forging Process a b c d e THE DESIGN PROCESS Firsy, a our whees go hrough a design and deveopmen process for a wide range of appicaions backed by nine decades of enriching experience from fied, inerna rig ess, finie eemen anaysis and experimena sress anaysis. During he foowing sages he whees go hrough exreme ess procedures which incude aboraory esing which evauaes endurance capabiiies by conducing radia and bending faigue ess and connecing member ess. The aboraory compuer aided engineering produces surface and soid modes, finie eemen anaysis, ife predicion, daa acquisiion and experimena sress anaysis. Fig 1a.1 1 THE FORGING PROCESS Before he whee is forged here has o be a o of exper inpu and his begins wih he design process. There have been imporan major design changes which makes he Xie whee more unique han is marke compeiors. Feaures inroduced o he Xie whee incude... The vave hoe posiion has shifed owards he bead sea area Fig 1a.1 hereby adding srengh o he immediae vave region. The couner bore diameer has been increased and a radius has been inroduced a he couner bore region. In order o achieve such high-quaiy and beauifuy finished whees we firsy mus undersand he forging process. Our whees have a paened process for manufacuring a ubeype ruck rim process. Our whees are aso manufacured under compuer aided oo modeing and sofware faciiies for making compicaed oo profies. There is coninuous echnoogica research, up gradaion and opimisaion ino improving process deveopmen. 1 a b c d e THE FORGING PROCESS QTY THE BILLET - CUTTING & PREHEATING 1 THE FORGED BLANK - ROTARY FORGING 1 T HEN B ORED - BORE PIERCING & FLOW FORMING 1 THEN SPUN - HEAT TREATMENT 1 T HE W HEEL - MACHINING & POLISHING 1 BILLET CUTTING - Auomaic Band Saw Machine & PREHEATING - Eecric Heaing Furnace ROTARY FORGING - Compuer Conroed Incremena Forging Press BORE PIERCING - 600Ton Press & FLOW FORMING - 2 Roer CNC Operaed Machine H EAT T REATMENT - Convecion Type Eecric Heaing Furnace MACHINING - CNC VTL s & Machining Cenres & POLISHING - Roboic Machine 33

36 Manufacuring (coninued) 3e The Manufacuring Process PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Our whees go hrough a design and deveopmen for a wide range of appicaions backed by nine decades of enriching experience from fied, inerna rig ess, finie eemen anaysis and experimena sress anaysis. Whees go under a aboraory es which evauaes endurance capabiiies by conducing radia and bending faigue ess and connecing member ess. Laboraory compuer aided engineering creaes surface and soid modes, finie eemen anaysis, ife predicion, daa acquisiion and experimena sress anaysis. TOOL DESIGN & MANUFACTURE MWS whees are designed and manufacured by quaified and experienced eam of speciaiss in oo design for forming/roing see. Fuy equipped in-house oo room faciiy wih sae-of-hear machinery is in pace o achieve he fines resus.. Our whees are aso manufacured under compuer aided oo modeing and sofware faciiies for making compicaed oo profies. 34

37 MWS TRAINING SECTION4 Technica Daa Whee Mouning Nus & Suds Whee Measuring Tyre Idenificaion Produc Awareness P AGE 36 TO 37 P AGE 38 TO 40 P AGE 41 P AGE 42 P AGE 43 35

38 Whee Mouning 4a Mouning Insrucions TYPES OF MOUNTING There are wo ypes of mounings for boh singe whee mouning and dua whee mouning, hey are... WARNING Wrong inner whee nu wih dua whees wi resu in improper seaing of he whee caused by he inner cap nu buing on he unhreaded porion of sud resricing i o ighen compeey. Improper ighening and seaing may oosen he whee causing sud breakage and dissembe from he vehice which can ead o faa injury or deah. Insufficien whee conac surface can cause sud hoe-o-sud hoe fracure eading o separaion of he ouer disc and rim from he vehice. This can ead o faa injury or deah Hub Pioed mouning / Spigo mouning / Hub cenring Sud ocaed Mouning. SPIGOT OR HUB CENTRING Prior o mouning Xie whees, he aachmen faces of he whee and axe hub or brake drum mus be free of corrosion and conaminaion. The wo faces mus be ighy wiped wih wax before hey come ogeher. Pease ensure you moun he whee on he hub pio and ighen a he bos eveny o hand igh condiion in he correc order, see 8 & 10 bo sequences on he nex page. The hird recommended ighening sequence shown is differen and ony used for a modes of Scania and if no adhere o coud ead o vibraions when braking and oher serious consequences incuding he oss of he whee. Nus and suds shoud be inspeced for cracks and worn ou hreads a every change and ensure proper orque is adhered when remouning your whee Inspec sud hoe o sud hoe cracks on boh sides of he disc face whie servicing he whee. Remove he whee if cracks are found Auminium whees wih 11.75" or mm dia. Sud circe requires a Disc Fa surface of a eas 13-3/16" or 335mm in dia. Check he ouer Disc Fa surface of he inner see whee for sufficien dia. and faness before insaing he ouer whee. When he whees are serviced, check he mouning surfaces of boh whees for sud hoe o sud hoe cracks. If cracks are found, remove he whee from service immediaey. I is dangerous o use DIN or Spigo sea nus on hub cenring whees and wo-piece fange nus on Sud ocaed mouning whees. Wrong whee nus wi evenuay oosen resuing in broken suds and cracked whees; hese condiions can ead o injury or deah. Use ony specific hardware designed for he specific use on each whee ype STUD LOCATED MOUNTING The sud ocaed mouning sysem has a precisey machined spherica nu sea mouning which is a spherica surface. One piece or Two-piece fange nus shoud no be used wih ba sea mouning. SINGLE WHEEL MOUNTING Singe whee mouning sysem is observed in fron axe which requires a minimum sud Sandou of 1.8 i.e., 45.7mm. Generay observed suds on vehices are of 1-1/8-inch and rarey are of 3/4-inch on he fron axe. WIL Whee Proecor Spacers are recommended o be paced beween he conac surfaces of whees and he brake drum/whee o proec he whee conac surfaces from damages ike scraches as shown in he figure. DOUBLE WHEEL MOUNTING Doube whee sud ocaed mouning wih Spherica seaing; generay rear axes are mouned wih dua whees which have a sud Sandou of 1.31 o 1.44 a few vehices have Check for excessive sud sandou (greaer han 1.88" [1-7/8"]) whie changing he brake drums as excessive sud sandou may resu in improper seaing of he whee by causing he inner cap nu o bu on he onger sud resricing i o ighen compeey SINGLE MOUNTING 1 See Whees (disc hickness 12mm approx.) 2 Sandard Hub (cen. spigo 8/9mm) 3 Sandard Sud (ou from nu ~ 2/4mm) 4 Sandard Hexagona (nu wih washer) DUAL MOUNTING 1 See Whees (disc hickness 12mm approx.) 2 Sandard Hub (cen. spigo 8/9mm) 3 Sandard Sud (ou from nu ~ 2/4mm) 4 Sandard Hexagona (nu wih washer) 36

39 Whee Mouning (coninued) 4a Mouning Insrucions (Coninued) ORDER OF BOLT TIGHTENING Aways use he sequence shown beow, do no ighen cockwise or anicockwise SCANIA ONLY Bo Whee 10 Bo Whee 10 Bo Whee WARNING Use of wrong whee nus can cause oss of orque, broken suds and cracked whees are condiions which can ead o injury or deah. Use bos and nus according o he manufacurers insrucions. Repace defecive nus and bos using ony specific hardware designed for use and as described in he manufacurer s handbook. I is dangerous o use DIN/Spherica sea whee nus on spigo mouned whees and wo-piece fange nus on Sud ocaed mouning whees as wrong cap nus can cause oose nus evenuay resuing in broken suds and cracked whees, condiions which can ead o injury or deah. Remind he driver of a newy orqued vehice he requiremen o re-orque he whee afer 30 minues wheher he vehice has moved or no. RECOMMENDED TORQUE (Oied) M22 x 1.5 THREAD: FT. LBS. (33mm or 1 1/2 HEX) a hreads are righ hand meric. Make sure ha a he nus urn when he orque is appied and if he nu does no urn i mus be oosened and orqued. Check he nus frequeny for proper orque and ensure he same if hey are no found in proper orque. Afer he vehice is run a sma disance say kiomeres, recheck he nus o ensure correc mouning. Ensure he Whee conac area and he nu s sea area is free from any ubricans Fi he whee nus by hand giving 2 o 3 urns o preven cross hreading. Now firm up wih eiher a whee brace or air wrench in he correc sequence making sure no o over ighen. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT WHEN USING AN AIR WRENCH THAT THE AIRFLOW IS RESTRICTED TO ENSURE THAT THERE IS NO OVER-TIGHTENING. OVERTIGHTENING IS THE COMMON CAUSE OF CRACKS AROUND BOLT HOLES. VALVES Xie whee come wih nicke or chrome paed vaves insaed. Never insa brass vaves. Brass is no compaibe wih auminium and corrosion wi resu. The Xie sandard vave shoud never be ben o anoher shape. Differen vae exensions may be used. If he vave is changed for any reason, appy ubrican o he vave hoe area and vave sea. The compee vave, incuding nu, needs o be repaced if he vave is oosend or removed. For furher informaion a vave appicaion char is avaiabe. BALANCING Since Xie whees are fuy machined hey do no require baancing. However, he yre-whee combinaion may need correcive weighing. Liquid or powder baancing is no recommended. Preferaby use specia auminium whee baancing weighs. 37

40 Nus & Suds 4b Bo or Sud Hoes NUMBER OF BOLTS OR STUDS I goes wihou saying ha you can' fi an 8-bo whee ono a 10-bo whee hub. Sounds obvious, bu peope have been known o spend money for an expensive se of whees ony o find hey've go he wrong number of mouning hoes. A 10 sud whee for exampe, has o be exacy cenred on he vehices hub. Le s ry o undersand how hrough he use of nus or suds he whee can be so accuraey cenred. These hoes wi be designed for eiher Suds (bos ha screw ino he vehices hub and secure he whee) or Nus (The whee is paced on o he hreaded sud which is par of he whee) The whee wi have been prepared o receive hese nus or suds by machining he nu/sud hoe or he arge cenre bore. PITCH CIRCLE DIAMETER (PCD) So you know how many hoes here are now you need o know he PCD, (Pich Circe Diameer). This is he diameer of he invisibe circe formed by scribing a circe ha passes hrough he cenre poin of each mouning hoe. If you've go he righ number of hoes, bu hey're he wrong spacing, again he whee jus won' fi. In he diagram i shows he hoes in he whee have an imaginary circe drawn hrough hem wih a cenre poin in exacy he cenre of he whee. The diameer of his measuremen is he Circes Diameer Measuring i oher han from drawing is very difficu a ip on even numbered suds is o measure from a poin on he ouside of a sud o he ouside of he sud opposie. The informaion on PCD for a manufacured vehice is avaiabe in Manufacurers Daa. 3 STUD PCD 4STUD PCD 5 STUD PCD Number of Sud Hoes = 8 = PCD Facor of Number of Sud Hoes = 10 = PCD Facor of TO FIND THE PCD From he number of sud hoes, idenify he PCD Facor. Muipy he chorda measuremen by he PCD facor. If he number of sud hoes is 10 The PCD facor is If he chorda measuremen hen (103.5 x = 335 PCD) Chordia Lengh Pich Circe Diameer (PCD) 38

41 Nus & Suds (coninued) 4b Whee Nus & Suds STUD HOLE DESIGNATION European Whee Manufacurer s specificaion covers he dimensions of sud hoes for ruck whees and he definiion of a code o be used as marking on he whees abei he sud hoe ype on he disc is no compusory. The genera consensus by ruck makers oday is, his code shoud be used. Pain Sud Hoes: can ony be used in combinaion wih hub cenring. Chevron & Xie whees wi aways saisfy his crieria CVAA9000: Rerofi Shor Seeved Nus (Weigh 208g) - are used a he Fron of Tracor Unis or for Traier appicaion (Singe Axe) when convering from see o auminium ha have 32mm sud hoes. CVAA9001: Rerofi medium ong seeved nus (Weigh 208g) - are used a he Rear of Tracor Unis or for Traier appicaion (Dua/Twin Axe) when convering from see o auminium ha have 32mm auminium whees. CVAA9009: Sandard Spigo Nus (Weigh 170g) - are use wih 26mm auminium whees, on Dua/Twin Axe when ong suds are fied. Normay, ony 1 of he winned whees needs a se of CVAA9001 s or 2 because he inner whee sis on he hub. Vovo s ha are bui up o he midde of 2007 use UNF Nus, hereafer, hey ake M22 x 1.5 Nus. Scania vehices ake BSF Nus. MWS can ony advise which nus o akes and do no ake responsibiiy for any misuse of nus. 7/8-14 UNF (Thread) RETROFIT Nu Type Shor-Seeved Medium Long Long-Seeved Xie Par No. CVAA9003 CVAA9004 CVAA9005 M 22 M I S E B D C 60 Pain Sud Hoe Spherica/Conica Sud Hoe Diameer/Ange Spherica/Conica Inside/Exerna/Doube Side Sud Diameer M Hub Cenering B Bo Cenering M22 x 1.5 (Thread) SPIGOT Nu Type Xie Par No. Shor-Seeved CVAA9000 Medium Long CVAA9001 Long-Seeved CVAA9002 S d Spiggo CVAA9009 7/8-11 BSF (Thread) RETROFIT Nu Type Xie Par No. Shor-Seeved CVAA9006 Medium Long CVAA9007 Long-Seeved CVAA

42 Nus & Suds (coninued) 4b Nus & Suds EXAMPLES Doube Cenring Hub Cenring Sud Cenring Cenring wih Seeve Nu DOUBLE CENTERING (BM) Counersunk sud hoe and cenre hoe wih spigo oerance (No inerchangeabe afer iniia fiing) This whee can be cenred eiher by hub or by sud cenring. For sud cenring sandard aachmen pars are used (spherica and conica nus). For hub cenring wo specia seeves aong wih he sandard aachmens are required in order o guaranee a proper aachmen. HUB CENTERING (M) Cenre hoe is spigo oerance This aachmen ype is he curren marke sandard. Cenring is achieved via he cenre hoe. The sud hoes are cyindrica and have no cenring funcion. CENTRING WITH SLEEVED NUT The shanks or seeves of he specia whee nu DO NOT cenre he whee(s); his mouning sysem si requires a hub pioing or hub cenring axe. Shor seeved nus are used a he Fron of Tracor Unis or for Traier appicaion (Singe Axe) when convering from see o aoy 32mm whees. Long seeved nus are used a he rear of racor unis or for raier appicaion (Dua /Twin Axe) when convering from see o aoy 32mm whees. Medium ong rero fi nus (M22 x 1.5) are used a he rear of racor unis or for raier appicaion (Dua /Twin Axe) when convering from see o aoy 32mm whees. These nus are graduay repacing he ong seeved nus. THREAD ENGAGEMENT The minimum recommended number of hread engagemen beween sud and nu is: 11 Fu Turns for 7/8-14 UNF (Vovo) 13 Fu Turns for M22 x 1.5 (Meric) 10 Fu Turns for 7/8-11 BSF (Scania) A Coar Ouer Diameer 7/8-14 UNF (Thread) OPEN ENDED WHEEL NUT Fron Whee Rear Whee 42 (+0.5/-0.0) 42 (+0.5/-0.0) E G M22 x 1.5 (Thread) CAPPED WHEEL NUT Fron Whee Rear Whee 42 (+0.5/-0.0) 42 (+0.5/-0.0) F C H D B 7/8-11 BSF (Thread) OPEN ENDED WHEEL NUT Fron Whee Rear Whee 42 (+0.5/-0.0) 42 (+0.5/-0.0) A STUD CENTERING (B) Spherica / conica sud hoe counersink A = Counersunk One Side Ony B = Counersunk Two Sides This ype of whee is cenred and aached wih spherica or conica nus. The erm Bo Cenring is aso commony used for sud cenring. This ype of cenring mus no be used on axes which are designed for hub cenring B C D E F G H Across Fas Across Corners Hex. Head Lengh Washer Ouer Diameer Washer Thickness Shank Diameer of Nu Toa Widh (+1.0/-0.0) 9 (+0.5/-0.0) 30.3 (+0.2/-0.0) 32 (+1.0/-0.0) (+1.0/-0.0) 9 (+0.5/-0.0) 30.3 (+0.2/-0.0) 47 (+1.0/-0.0) (+1.0/-0.0) 9 (+0.5/-0.0) 30.3 (+0.2/-0.0) 40 (+1.0/-0.0) (+1.0/-0.0) 9 (+0.5/-0.0) 30.3 (+0.2/-0.0) 66 (+1.0/-0.0) (+1.0/-0.0) 9 (+0.5/-0.0) 30.3 (+0.2/-0.0) 38 (+1.0/-0.0) (+1.0/-0.0) 9 (+0.5/-0.0) 30.3 (+0.2/-0.0) 62 (+1.0/-0.0) 40

43 Whee Measuring 4c Whee Measuremen HOW TO MEASURE MINIMUM DUAL SPACING Minimum dua spacing measuremen is deermined by he yre manufacurer and may be obained from he yre manufacurer s handbook. To deermine if he dua whee assemby has adequae minimum dua spacing for he seeced yres, doube he whee ouse measuremen of he Xie or Chevron whee used. If he doubed ouse measuremen is equa o or greaer han he yre manufacurer s recommendaion, here wi be sufficien minimum dua spacing. Whee inse and ouse is given for each Xie or Chevron whee on he Whee Specificaion Shees (See pages 18, 19 & 23). Boh inse and ouse whees are measured from he mouning surface of he whee o he cenre ine of he rim. Mainaining proper yre infaion and oad raings are essenia o mainaining proper minimum dua spacing Doube Cenring Dua spacing Vehice cearance Tyre secion widh Cenre hoe diameer Pich circe diameer Whee Offse Whee Inse Back space Tyre cenre ine

44 Tyre Ideniy 4d Securiy & Recogniion MANDATORY MARKINGS The picure shows a yre s markings, his is your proof ha each yre compies wih an inernaiona and recognisabe sandard. 1 Maximum Load & Infaion When Used as a Dua Severe Snow Condiions 3 Load Infaion Limis 4 Maximum Load & Infaion When Used as a Singe 5 Ligh Truck Tyre 6 Maximum Load & Infaion When Used as a Dua TY

45 Produc Awareness 4e Whee Hubs REGULAR HUB HAS A CONTINUOUS DIAMETER STAR SHAPED HUB HAS LESS SURFACE CONTACT NON-CIRCUMFERENTIAL HUBS CAN DAMAGE CV WHEELS Our esing faciiies have found ha commercia vehice whees operaing on spider and sar shaped hubs are suffering unesed oad sresses which are causing cracks and having ife expecancy, furhermore, hese hubs may poeniay compromise he faigue ife of he whee. The hub shape pays an imporan par when i comes o he performance of Truck and Traier Whees. Anaysis done by he members of he Associaion of European Whee Manufacurers (EUWA) show ha he severa vehices esed, (no incuding he hubs as described above) prove ha here are various shapes ha exis which are no coninuous bu have a dened shape or sar shape. PARTIAL CONTACT CAUSES LOCALISED STRESS Modern whees for rucks and raiers are designed and fabricaed according o European sandards concerning e.g. rim profie, whee fixaion or a faigue es procedures which means hose sandards have he inenion o make sure as possibe ha whees can be mouned and inerchanged beween equivaen vehices wihou poenia safey risks. A presen a quaiy whees are ried and esed o European Tyre and Rim Technica Organisaion (ETRTO) sandards on a circumferenia hub wih a coninuous conac diameer, which is universay acknowedged as he main crierion by he EUWA. However, he inroducion of noncircumferenia hubs, which give ony paria conac beween he axe and whee, is causing ocaised sresses in he whee ha are amos wice as high as he indusry approved fu conac hub. CONTINUOUS DIAMETER One imporan poin is he fixaion of whees which is defined in he sandards ISO 4107 Commercia Vehices - Whee Hub Aachmen Dimensions, in DIN Disc Whees - Dimensions and Fasening Devices for Hub Cenring and in SAE J694 Disc Whee/Hub or Drum Inerface dimensions Those sandards define he ouer hub shape as a coninuous diameer. STAR SHAPED OR SPIDER HUBS As a precauion, and in order o ry o undersand he poenia impac of differen hubs, WIL have esed whees using a varian of sar shaped hubs. Even hough he whees passed he corresponding ess successfuy, reduced faigue ife has been experienced and his is due o higher oca sresses caused by he aachmen face shape and diameer reducions of he sar shape. WARRANTY PRECAUTIONS The repercussions of he research wi be numerous. Operaors wi be required o conac hub and whee manufacurers as producs originay repaced or refunded under warrany may no onger be considered if he produc is shown o have operaed on a spider or sar shaped hub. WHAT TO LOOK OUT FOR... Look for crack sarers on he aachmen face side aong he edges of a sar shaped hub and coninue furher observaion because hese iniia cracks coud poeniay cause circumferenia cracks. There are some sar shaped hubs ha have sharp ouer edges and his design encourages he deveopmen of hese iniia cracks. Aso, due o he differen characerisics of some of he sar shapes (differences beween axe manufacurers); poenia imprins can show differen shapes. In he case of mouning hese whees on hubs wih ye anoher shape, he drasic reduced aachmen area can ead o an increased surface pressure and an undefined aachmen of whee o hub. Negaive infuences incude reduced service condiions ha can cause cracks such as he connecion area beween he whee and hub; such cracks coud poeniay occur a an earier sage of he enire vehice faigue ife. In order o maximize safey, EUWA sricy recommends for he vehices equipped wih non-circuar hubs in he fied be checked for cracks on he inner and ouer aachmen face every km. Where here is crack deecion, hose whees mus be repaced immediaey. Where here are cases of crack deecion and necessary whee change, he hubs shoud aso be checked for wear ou and cracks and if necessary repaced. 43

46 MWS TRAINING SECTION5 Appendix Gossary of Terms P AGE 45 44

47 Gossary of Terms 5a Whee Pars & Meanings A-Season Tyres - Tyres designed for use on dry and we condiions. Being marked wih M&S (mud and snow) hey provide racion on sippery grounds ike mud, snow and ice. Approved Rim Widh - Rim widh sizes approved by The European Tyre & Rim Associaion for use wih he yre. Aspec Raio - The raio beween he yre heigh o is widh. Baanced Whee - A whee ha is wihin 30 inch-ounces of baance. Bead - The boom par a yre ha hods i ono he whee rim. Bead Sea - Surface of a rim ha conacs he yre bead. The bead sea ange is usuay 5 for ube-ype ires and 15 for ubeess ires. Bead Wire - Mea cords ha hod a yre ighy o he whee rim. Be - A ayer of cords paced beween he pies and he read. Bo Circe - The diameer of he circe which races hrough he cenre ine of he bo hoes. I defines he bo hoe spacing around he disc in a whee. Bo Hoes - The hoes in he disc of a whee hrough which he bos or he suds pass. For sud moun whees, he bo hoes are chamfered and used o cenre he whees. Bore - The cenre hoe (pio) of he whee. Wih hub moun whees, i is used o cenre he whee. Bu Wed - Transverse wed in a rim. Carbon Back - In he read compound chemica mix, a reinforcing fier agen ha when pu ino he rubber increases he wearing resisance of he aer. Carcass - The yre's oad-bearing framework. Capaciy - Demounabe rim or disc whee maximum carrying oad. Expressed in oad (bs.) and infaion pressure (psi) when cod. Changeover - Depending on he Law, he fiing of wider or owprofie yres (on wider rims) of one, wo or even hree inches greaer diameer, usuay enhancing he car's handing, performance. Cord - The srands of fabric forming he pies or ayers of he yre. Cords may be made from Fibergass, rayon, nyon, poyeser or see. Design Rim Widh - Nomina rim widh. Rim widh on which a yre performs bes. I is approximaey 75% as wide as he yre widh designaion. Demounabe Rim - A rim wih vave ocaers which is used wih a cas spoke whee o provide he mehod of aaching ires o he vehice. Disc Whee - A permanen assemby of a disc and a rim. D.O.T Marking - Aphanumeric code idenifying he yre's manufacurer, producion pan, dae of producion and brand. Doube Whee Nu - The inner and ouer nus used o secure sudmoun whees o a vehice. The inner dua whee is aached by an inner cap nu wih a spherica radius and he ouer dua whee is aached by an ouer cap nu wih a spherica radius. Dua Spacing - Laera disance from whee cenreine o whee cenreine in a dua whee arrangemen. I is deermined by adding wo offses (disc whees) or wo offses pus one spacer band widh (demounabe rims). Haf Dua Spacing - See Whee Offse. Hand Hoe - Opening in he disc area of a whee for he purpose of vave sem access o inside dua yre and chain appicaion. Hub Moun Whee - Whees ha are designed o cenre on he hub a he bore of he whee. These whees generay have sraigh hrough bo hoes, since he bo hoes ony suppy cearance for he sud. Hub moun whees are used wih wo piece fange nus. Load Index - An assigned number ranging from 0 o 279 ha corresponds o he oad carrying capaciy of a yre. Inse - The aera disance from he rim cenreine o he mouning surface of he disc. Inse paces he rim cenre inboard of he mouning surface. Lock Ring - Third piece of a hree-piece rim assemby which ocks he side ring o he rim base. Long Side - The side of he rim which has a edge. Minimum Dua Spacing - The minimum aowabe disance beween he whee cenreines in a dua arrangemen. Mui-Piece Rim - A rim consising of more han one par. Usuay wo pieces (rim base and side ring), or hree pieces (rim base, side ring, and ock ring). Offse - (See Rim Offse or Whee Offse. ) The aera disance from he rim cenreine o he mouning surface of he disc. Ouse paces he rim cenre ouboard of he hub surface. Nomina Rim Diameer - The diameer of a yre rim expressed in inches (e.g. 17"). Rim (aso see "Demounabe Rim") - The iem ha suppors he yre. I may consis of one piece (ubeess drop cenre ype) or wo or hree piece (ube-ype). Rim Base - The major piece of a mui-piece rim assemby. I suppors he yre bead on one side, and provides a ocking mechanism for he side ring or ock ring and a beve surface for aaching o a spoke whee. Rim Offse - The aera disance from he rim surface ha conacs he spacer band o he rim cenreine. Shor Side - The side of he rim which does no have a edge. Side Rim - A removabe piece of a mui-piece rim assemby which provides aera suppor for one yre bead. Spacer Band - Band of see which separaes wo demounabe rims on spoke whees (aso caed spacers ). Sud Moun Whees - Whees ha are designed o cenre on he suds of a hub. These whees have chamfers a he bo hoes ino which a ba sea or conica nu is insaed o cenre he whee. The cenre bore of he whee is ony for cearance of he axe end. Tubeess - A yre infaed wihou a separae inner ube. Two-Piece Fange Nu - A nu aached o a washer ha is used o secure hub-moun whees o a vehice. Vave Hoe - The hoe in he rim ino which a vave is insaed o infae or defae he yre/rim assemby. Vave So - Opening in a ube-ype rim o receive he yre ube vave sem. Whee - See Spoke Whee or Disc Whee. Whee Offse - The aera disance from he disc maing surface (surface beween he whees as a dua assemby) o he rim cenreine. 45

48 MWS DISTRIBUTION LTD 50 Leesone Road. Sharson Ind. Esae. Mancheser M22 4RF