Transportation Engineering- Challenges and Opportunities

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1 Transportation Engineering- Challenges and Opportunities Prof. Gökmen Ergün Boğaziçi University Civil ENgineering Department Prof. G. Ergün 1

2 Changing needs in Engineering Germany Alarmed at Lack of Engineers, (Isabelle de Pommereau, The Christian Science Monitor, August 10, 2006) the country needs 18,000 engineers it does not have! Rethink Higher Education for a Changing World (Jeffrey Selingo, The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 12, 2006). Students need to have skills and attitudes that give flexibility, such as how to learn, passion, curiosity, intuition, and the ability to synthesize, explain, adapt, collaborate, and leverage. The successful people will be those who can discover how one person can do the job of 20 Prof. G. Ergün 2

3 Changing needs in Engineering China and India Lure Corporate Research Centers, (Megha Rajagopalan, The Wall Street Journal, July 13, 2006) 31% of R&D employees world-wide will work in one of those two countries by the end of U.S. Roads Are Being Built With Other People s Money, (Aileen Cho and Debra Rubin, ENR, August 21/28, 2006) Australian and Spanish companies have helped finance a $635 million toll road in San Diego and invested in leases for the Chicago Skyway and the Indiana Toll Road. The $6-billion Trans-Texas Corridor also has major Spanish investment. Prof. G. Ergün 3

4 Challenges in Todays Transportation Will concentrate on the following two important areas: Increasing Levels of Congestion Sustainability Problems in Transportation Prof. G. Ergün 4

5 Increasing Traffic Congestion Prof. G. Ergün 5

6 Cost of Congestion in USA (2001) 3,546 billion hours of delay = years 5.7 billion gallons of extra fuel 52 hours/person delay Peak-hour trips take 40% longer than off-peak hours Annual cost 69.5 billion $ Prof. G. Ergün 6

7 Congestion Problem (USA) Urban Congestion Costs more than $130 Billion in Lost Productivity Over $100 Billion in Accident Costs Every Year 40,000 Fatalities in Traffic Accidents Environmental Pollution due to Traffic Congestion Impractical to Build New Roads Prof. G. Ergün 7

8 In-Vehicle Travel Times for Peak-Hour Trips Have Grown Substantially in Large Cities Prof. G. Ergün 8

9 Delay Per Capita In Đstanbul 73.9 hours/person Prof. G. Ergün 9

10 Đstanbul Traffic Congestion City Congested Road Km. : (Demand Vol/ Capacity (V/C)) Free Flow < 0.80 Congested Very Congested >1.01 Đstanbul 72,8 7,8 19,6 Manhattan N.Y. Suffolk N.Y. 80,0 10,3 9,7 92,0 5,1 2,9 Prof. G. Ergün 10

11 Annual Cost of Traffic Congestion in Đstanbul Delay Item Cost Delay (Vehicle x hr) Delay (Person x hour) Per Capita Delay (hour/person) 73,9 Excess fuel consumption (lt) Fuel cost ($) Delay Cost ($) Total Cost ($) Total Cost (YTL) Average of Congestion cost in 75 USA cities ($)* Prof. G. Ergün 11

12 Causes of Congestion Prof. G. Ergün 12

13 Traffic Congestion Prof. G. Ergün 13

14 Traffic incidents Prof. G. Ergün 14

15 Ways of Dealing with Congestion Adding more capacity for highway, transit and railroads; Operating existing capacity more efficiently; and Encouraging travelers to use the system in less congestion-producing ways Prof. G. Ergün 15

16 Results of Adding more capacity Sıkışıklık Derec cesi Projenin Tamamlanması Mevcut Durum Trafik Şerit Đlavesi Toplu taşım/hov şerit Đyileştirmeleri Yıllar Prof. G. Ergün 16

17 Park-and-ride (York /UK) Prof. G. Ergün 17

18 Prof. G. Ergün 18

19 Benefits of Arterial Coordination (Adnan Kahveci Boulevard/ Đst. Delay Fuel Total Annual Benefit ($) Prof. G. Ergün 19

20 Before Optimization (Unverdi Intersection/Istanbul) Prof. G. Ergün 20

21 After Optimization Prof. G. Ergün 21

22 Otomobil Sahipliliği (oto/1000 kişi) Türkiye Đstanbul AB-15 (*) USA Prof. G. Ergün 22

23 Automobile Dependency Prof. G. Ergün 23

24 THE SOLUTION Mobility management (also called Transportation Demand Management or TDM) strategies that result in more efficient use of transportation resources, as opposed to increasing transportation system supply by expanding roads, parking facilities, air-ports and other motor vehicle facilities. Should be the first alternative to consider Prof. G. Ergün 24

25 Mobility Management emphasizes the movement of people and goods, (not just motor vehicles) gives priority to public transit, ridesharing and non-motorized modes, particularly under congested urban conditions is an increasingly common response to transport problems. particularly appropriate in developing country cities, because of its low costs and multiple benefits. Prof. G. Ergün 25

26 Examples of Mobility Manegement Strategies Improve Transport Options Alternative Work Schedules Bicycle Improvements Carsharing Flextime Guaranteed Ride Home Individual Actions for Efficient Transport Park & Ride Pedestrian Improvements Shuttle Services Small Wheeled Transport, ATC Prof. G. Ergün 26

27 Incentives to Reduce Driving Walking And Cycling Encouragement Commuter Financial Incentives Congestion Pricing Distance-Based Pricing Fuel Taxes HOV (High Occupant Vehicle) Priority Parking Pricing Pay-As-You-Drive Vehicle Insurance Road Pricing Prof. G. Ergün 27

28 Parking and Land Use Management Bicycle Parking Car-Free Districts and Pedestrianized Streets Clustered Land Use Location Efficient Development New Urbanism Parking Management Smart Growth Planning and Policy Reforms Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Prof. G. Ergün 28

29 Programs and Policy Reforms Access Management Carfree Planning Commute Trip Reduction Programs Market Reforms Freight Transport Management Institutional Reforms Least Cost Planning School Transport Management Special Event Management TDM Marketing Prof. G. Ergün 29

30 Sustainable Transportation: An important Challenge Some headlines from European Fed. For Transport & Environment ( : Environmental NGOs to Barroso: 'Don't Ditch Energy Efficiency' Stockholm votes yes to congestion charging Anger as environment committee sets back emissions improvements for cars Nine former Environment Ministers call for a stricter climate policy for cars Environmental NGOs Urge Commission to Start Work on Sustainable Biofuels A Price Worth Paying: A guide to the new EU rules for road tolls for lorries EU Leaders Urged to Adopt New Sustainable Development Strategy Prof. G. Ergün 30

31 Implications on Education Civil Engineers have to learn operational management Courses on System optimization, simulation, and managerial skills in general Traffic simulation and optimization in particular Advanced technologies are needed for systems operation, i.e. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Courses in Electrical Eng. & control should be introduced into CE curriculum in general An undergraduate ITS course (could be elective) Prof. G. Ergün 31

32 ITS TRAFFIC SIMULATION DATA COLLECTION RITS Lab Portable Traffic Surveillance Unit Collingwood Circle, NJ DEPLOYMENT OF SMART SENSORS South Jersey Portable Sensor Processor & Communication Unit Sensor Camden, NJ Prof. G. Ergün 32

Win-Win Transportation Solutions

Win-Win Transportation Solutions Todd Litman Victoria Transport Policy Institute Presented Lipinski Symposium on Transportation Policy Chicago, Illinois 15 October 2007 What is The Transportation Problem?