Modeling the Repair Process ofa Power Distribution System
|
|
- Kelly Thornton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Modeling he Repair Process ofa Power Disribuion Sysem c. J. Zapaa, Member EEE, S. C. Silva, H. Gonzalez, O. L. Burbano and J. A. Hernandez Absrac-One remedial acion for improving service reliabiliy in a power disribuion sysem is o faser crew response o reduce ouage duraions. For planning aciviies, he applicaion of his kind of remedial acion requires he modeling of he repair process performed in he power disribuion sysem. Thus, his paper presens a mehodology which models he repair process performed in each service erriory of a power disribuion sysem using conceps of queuing heory and sochasic poin processes and assesses he repair process performance by means of a procedure of sequenial Monecarlo simulaion. Resuls of he applicaion of his mehodology o hree power disribuion sysems show: 1. The inpu and service of he repair process model are no necessarily homogeneous Poisson processes; hus he Mone Carlo simulaion mehod is required for he assessmen of he repair process performance. 2. The index ha beer reflec he repair process performance is he mean waiing ime. This mehodology gives a base for he opimal scheduling of he repair resources in accordance wih he failure process and he arges for reliabiliy indices. For planning aciviies, he applicaion of his kind of remedial acion requires he explici modeling of he repair process performed in he power disribuion sysem. For mainenance aciviies he power disribuion sysem is spli ino several zones or service erriories, each one assigned o a repair eam [3], as shown in Fig 1. ndex Terms-Mainenance, power disribuion reliabiliy, reliabiliy modeling.. NTRODUCTON DSTRBUTON reliabiliy is a field of grea ineres all around he world because he disribuion funcional zone of a power sysem conribues a leas wih 90% of he failures ha affecs service coninuiy. Thus, i has a grea poenial for he improvemen of sysem performance and savings [1]. There are several ways o improve he reliabiliy of a power disribuion sysem. R. E. Brown in [2] explains he following: special proecive schemes, auomaion, faser crew response, reduce failure raes and sysem reconfiguraion. Regarding faser crew response, his remedial acion can improve service reliabiliy because i reduces ouages duraions. C. J. Zapaa is a professor a Universidad Tecnol6gica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia, and a PhD suden a Universidad de los Andes, Bogoa, Colombia. ( cjzapaa@up.edu.co). S. C. Silva is a suden a Universidad Tecnol6gica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia, ( silvanas80(~yahoo.com). H.. Gonzalez is wih Empresa de Energia del Casanare S. A, Yopal, Colombia. He also is a graduae suden a Universidad de los Andes, Bogoa, Colombia, ( heyderivan2005@gmail.com). O. L. Burbano is a suden a Universidad Tecnol6gica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia, ( olgabur@homail.com). 1. A. Hernandez is a graduae suden a Universidad de los Andes, Bogoa, Colombia, ( ja.hemandez913@;uniandes.edu.co). Fig. 1. s for mainenance in a power disribuion sysem The resources for repairs are he personnel, rucks, ools, spares, ec. available for his work. The way hese resources are organized, for example, he number of crews for each zone, is he logisics. The repair resources generae he repair process. The repair process is he sequence ofrepairs performed by crews in accordance wih he repair orders sen by he conrol cener, which eiher auomaically deecs componen failures or receives cusomer calls regarding service inerrupions. Thus, he repair process in each service erriory is a queuing sysem. The inpu o his sysem is he sequence of componen failures which produce service inerrupions ha have o be repaired by crews. The oupu of his sysem is he sequence ofservice resoraions performed by crews. The performance of he repair process is dependan on he qualiy and quaniy of repair resources and he logisics. These resources are limied and have o be carefully mached o follow he pace of componen failures in order o obain accepable ouage imes. Tradiional mehods for sudying he repair process of a power disribuion sysem do no model i as i really is. Thus, he subjec of his paper is heir modeling using conceps of queuing heory and sochasic poin processes /08/$ EEE.
2 2. TRADTONAL METHODS FOR STUDYNG THE REPAR PROCESS The repair process performed in a power disribuion sysem has been radiionally sudied in he following ways: A. By means ofsaisical analysis ofouage imes These kinds of sudies ake operaing daa of he power disribuion sysem and analyses he saisics ofouages imes by feeders, subsaions and geographical zones o give guidelines abou which zones of he sysem need improvemen on he repair process performance. Alhough hese kinds of sudies can include he modeling of he ouages imes using probabiliy disribuions or sochasic processes [4], [5], hey do no include an explici modeling ofhe repair process. As a service erriory can include pars of several feeders, hese kinds of sudies have o be exended o each service erriory because, in his case, a global analysis can be misleading. B. As par ofhe componen reliabiliy models This approach is exensively applied in power disribuion reliabiliy assessmens [6], nor maer he mehodology, cuses [7]-[8], analyical simulaion [9], Markov process [10] or Monecarlo simulaion [11]-[12]: he repair process is included as par of componen reliabiliy models, by means of he probabiliy disribuion ofimes o repair. This approach has he following disadvanages: No maer he probabiliy disribuion used, i is assumed repair resources are unlimied because every ime a componen fails a crew is available o repair i. So, he repair ime only depends on he paricular acions aken o fix each kind ofcomponen. As he repair process is represened by means of a probabiliy disribuion, i is assumed i is a saionary process i.e. he performance ofrepair eams is no affeced by inernal or exernal facors. However, in real life, he crew performance is affeced by exernal facors like weaher, raffic, ec. and also by inernal facors like, available ools, available skills, workload, ec. The endency ofhe repair process performed in he power disribuion sysem is los because he imes o repair are classified by componen ype and hus he chronological sequence in which hey occur is los. Mos mehods apply he n -1 loss of componen crieria wha i no a rue assumpion because a failure can occur independenly ifoher failures which occurred before have been repaired or no. Reliabiliy assessmens ofpower disribuion sysems only include high volage and medium volage componens. However in real life, repair eams also have o repair he low volage componens wha represens an imporan demand on repair resources. Moreover, reliabiliy surveys shows in some power disribuion sysems he low volage componens are he ones ha fail more frequenly [13]. A. Definiion Fig. 2. The concep of SPP. STOCHASTC PONT PROCESSES A sochasic poin process (Spp)l is a random process in which he number of evens N ha occur in a period of ime!::,. is couned, wih he condiion ha one and only one even can occur a every insan. Fig. 2 presens a picorial represenaion of a SPP where Xi denoes an iner-arrival inerval and i an arrival ime. f he dae when he observaion of he process sared is aken as reference,!::,. = - 0, only appears in he equaions ha describe he process. Even 1 Even 2 Even 3 j i Ai x J! L Xl ~ ) ) i:jj.., - The mahemaical model of a SPP is defined by means of he inensiy funcion A(), which is he rae of change of he expeced number of evens. This parameer allows he calculaion of: The expeced number of evens: The variance: i E[N()] = A() = f~ A()d (1) VAR[N()] = A() The probabiliy ha k evens occur: P[N() = k] = ~[A() *e-a() for k = 0,1,2,,,' (3) k! B. The Concep oftendency The endency, defined as he change wih ime in he number of evens ha occur, is a very imporan feaure of a SPP. n Fig. 3 he following hree kinds of endency are depiced [14]: Posiive endency: Evens increase wih ime and inerarrival inervals decrease. A() is an increasing funcion. Zero endency: Evens ha occur and iner-arrival inervals do no show a paern of increase or decrease. A() is consan. Negaive endency: Evens decrease wih ime and inerarrival inervals increase. A() is a decreasing funcion. (2) 1 The Singular and plural of acronyms are spelled he same.
3 3 Fig. 3. Tendency on SPP C. Types ofspp Posiiw ZeD Negaive A SPP wihou endency is saionary or imehomogeneous. Homogeneiy means iner-arrival inervals are independen and idenically disribued. So, evens ha occur are independen. The opposie is rue for a SPP wih endency. The endency allows he basic classificaion of SPP shown in Fig. 4. No endency: SaDwy, homgeneous -+ plocesses EXPonemw(HPP)} Renewal plocesses -+Gamma. 1 (RP) Weibull l() = - Dc. E(~ Nan Wih endenc:y: Homogerl OUS PowerLaw 1() = 1 ~P-l Nan-saim.aJ.y: Po' , l5san --.. Alemaing li) =1 + Q Sl...(l) + b... non-ldnnge:reou:s plocesses "4~:J plocesses (NHPP) Ec. Fig. 4. A basic classificaion of SPP Saionary SPP are called renewal processes (RP) preceded by he name of he iner-arrival inervals disribuion. The inensiy funcion of a RP is he inverse ofhe expeced value of iner-arrival inervals. The mos famous RP is he exponenial one, commonly called Homogeneous Poisson Process (HPP). Non saionary SPP are in general called Non Homogeneous Poisson Processes (NHPP). D. Procedurefor he Selecion of a SPP Model[14], [15] The procedure for fiing a SPP model o a sample daa aken from a random poin phenomenon is as follows: 1. Deermine if here is a endency in he arrival imes sample by means of he Laplace es or graphic mehods [16]. 2. f here is evidence of a endency, selec a NHPP model, esimae is parameers and apply a goodness of fi es. A problem wih NHPP is ha mehods for parameer esimaion and goodness offi are specific for each kind of model and for some ofhem are no developed ye. 3. f here is no evidence of a endency, apply an independence es o iner-arrival inervals such as he scaer diagram or he correlaion plo [17]. 4. f iner-arrival inervals are independen, fi a probabiliy disribuion using he radiional mehods for parameer esimaion and goodness of fi. n his case, a RP model is obained. E. The Power Law Process While here are many NHPP models, he approach here is o use he Power Law Process () developed by L. Crow in 1974 [18] because: is an acceped model o represen he failure process of repairable componens [19]. There are mehods for parameer esimaion and goodness of fi [19], [20], [21], [22]. can represen a process wih or wihou endency can represen he HPP. The inensiy funcion ofhis process is: Where: A: Scale parameer greaer han zero. p: Shape parameer greaer han zero. The shape parameer conrols he endency ofhe model in he following way: f p> 1: Posiive endency f ~ < 1: Negaive endency f p=1: F. How o Generae Samplesfrom SPP Models 1) Renewal Processes 1. Le o = Generae a uniform random number U i (4) Zero endency. n his case, he represens he HPP. 3. Ge an iner-arrival inerval Xi = F- 1 (U i ) using he probabiliy disribuion funcion of he iner-arrival inervals. 4. The arrival ime is i = i Xi' 5. Go o sep 2 unil he sopping rule is reached: a given number ofevens or a sample period T. 2) Non homogeneous Poisson Processes [17] 1. Generae a sequence of n arrival imes from an HPP wih inensiy funcion A= 1.0 which covers sample period T. These imes are called 1 ', 2 ',. ",n'. 2. Find he inverse funcion of he mean cumulaive number ofevens ofhe NHPP under sudy ( A- ). 3. Calculae he arrival imes of he NHPP as i = A- (i') As poined ou by Law and Kelon [17], he applicaion of his algorihm depends on how easy he inversion of A is. n he case of he recursive equaion is: (5)
4 4 V. MODELNG OF THE REPAR PROCESS The repair process of each zone (service erriory) of a power disribuion sysem is modeled as he queuing sysem shown in Fig. 5. failures process '-- Crew 1... Repairs.~ Crew2 -.-LLLL Crewm Fig. 5. Queuing model ofhe repair process in a service erriory of a power disribuion sysem For his queuing sysem he following is defined: Cliens: Failures which produce service inerrupions and have o be repaired by crews Resources: The number of crews in he zone. A crew corresponds o a server in queuing heory erminology. Capaciy: nfinie, because all he failures considered here have o be repaired. Queuing discipline: Firs Come - Firs Served (FCFS) npu process: The zone failure process. is he superposiion of he failure processes of he componens locaed in he zone. Only failures which produce service inerrupions and have o be repaired by a crew are considered. This process has an failure inensiy A F (). Service process: The SPP ha represens he equivalen capaciy of all crews assigned o he zone in he form of a repair inensiy A R (). Oupu process: The SPP of he repairs performed by crews. These repairs are relaed o service resoraions. The oupu process is he resul of he ineracion beween he inpu and he service processes. Using Kendall's noaion [23] his queuing sysem is described as follows: G/G/m/oo/FCFS The firs and second "G" indicae ha boh he inpu and service processes are general SPP (RP or NHPP). m, 00, and FCFS indicae, respecively, he number of crews, he sysem capaciy and he queuing discipline. The raffic inensiy index ac) is defined as [23]: Alhough ac) is dimensionless, i is measured in Erlangs. A raffic inensiy of 1.0 Erlang means one failure uses or occupies he repair resources 100% of he ime. Traffic inensiy higher han 1.0 means he failures arrives faser han repairs can be performed. Thus, ac) have o be less or equal o 1.0 in order o have a sable queuing sysem. (6) V. ASSESSMENT OF THE REPAR PROCESS PERFORMANCE A. Obaining he zonefailure process From operaing records, obain a sample of arrival imes of hose componen failures which caused service inerrupions and were repaired by crews. is recommended he sample covers a leas one yearof sysem operaion. is imporan o remember ha: No all service inerrupions are solved by crews; some of hem are solved by means of a reconnecion performed by a circui breaker or recloser. Low volage componens also cause service inerrupions which in mos ofhe cases have o be repaired by crews. Apply o he failure arrival imes sample he procedure for selecing an SPP model. n accordance o he endency on he resuling zone failure process i can be concluded he following: Zero endency: The populaion of componens locaed in he zone are in heir useful life. This is, heir reliabiliy is no improving neiher deerioraing. Posiive endency: The populaion of componens locaed in he zone shows aging. Negaive endency: The populaion of componens locaed in he zone shows reliabiliy improvemen. This kind of modeling implies repairs are minimal [24], i.e. hey only reurn he componens o he operaing sae wihou improving or deerioraing heir reliabiliy condiion. B. Obaining he zone service process For each failure ha caused a service inerrupion and was repaired by means a crew acion obain he ime o repair (r ). Time o repair includes: he ransporaion ime o he place where cusomers are wihou service, ime o find he failed componen, ime o fix he failed componen and reconnecion ime. A r does no include he waiing ime (w) he period while he crew receives he repair order and is free o go o repair he failure. The waiing ime is resul of he congesion on he repair process, he fac ha when a crew receives a repair order i can be busy repairing a failure ha occurred before. Apply o he sample of imes o repair he procedure for selecing an SPP model. n accordance o he endency on he resuling service process i can be concluded he following: Zero endency: The crew performance is no increasing no decreasing Posiive endency: The crew performance is increasing because as ime evolves repairs ake less ime o be performed Negaive endency: The crew performance is decreasing because as ime evolves repair ake more ime o be performed.
5 5 C. Assessing he repair process performance The repair process is observed arificially for a period T of one or more years by means of a sequenial Mone Carlo simulaion procedure [25]. A simulaion consiss of N ieraions or arificial observaions of he repair process performance during T. n each ieraion, he sequence of componen failures and repairs is generaed using he inpu and service processes. Fig. 6 shows he ineracion beween he failure and service processes for a zone wih one crew or one equivalen crew. Failures 1; h h J; 1; f all crews are busy when failure i arrives, his failure has o wai unil some crew finishes a repair j and fixes i (Congesion). r; = r j + r; f a crew is free when failure i arrives, he repair for his failure sars immediaely (No congesion) r; = f; + r; (9 ) 6. Calculae he ouage duraion (8 ) o d; = r; - f; (10) ~~ ~ l ~ ~ l ~ ' Calculae he repair waiing ime: w; = od; - r; (1 1) Repairs 8. For T or is sub-periods (monh, semeser, ec.) compue he mean waiing ime (mw), he mean ouage duraion ( mod ) and he congesion ( C ) defined as: C = m w / m o d * A, (1 2) Fig. 6. Calculaion ofouage duraions Every ime a failure arrives, i is assigned o a crew ha performs a repair j in a ime lj. The arrival imes of and j are if and lj, respecively. Each ieraion produces a sample of number of failures ( nf), imes o repair (r), ouage duraion (od) and waiing imes ( w ). Two sopping rules are used for he simulaion: A fixed number of ieraions or he coefficien of variaion of a load poin index. D. eraion Procedure 12 ~ ~,..--. ~ od. od~ 1. Generae he inpu process for a period T using he zone failure SPP model and algorihms ofsecion.f. 2. Generae he service process. This is, for each failure J; generae a lj using he zone service SPP model and algorihms of secion.f. 3. Compue he mean raffic inensiy ma() 4. The arrival ime ofhe firs repair is: r l = fl + r l (7 ) 5. The arrival ime of he nex repair is deermined in he following way: V. EXAMPLES Tradiional queuing analyses assume he inpu and service processes are Markovian (Boh HPP) or semi-markovian (One HPP and he oher a RP). However, for he repair process ofa power disribuion sysems i is no known which SPP models can represen his processes. Thus, daa of hree Colombian power disribuion sysems was gahered in order o know hese models and o apply he proposed mehodology. Table shows general descripion of he sudied sysems. For each sysem an assessmen of he repair process performance was carried ou for T = 1.0 year wih simulaions of 150 ieraions. Tables o V shows resuls. Confidence level ofinpu and service process models is 95%. These resuls show: For Pereira and Paso sysems he inpu and repair processes are non-saionary wih posiive endency. This means alhough he reliabiliy of he componens is deerioraing, he repair process is adjusing o follow he increasing paern of failures arrivals. For Casanare sysem he inpu and repair processes are saionary bu hey do no correspond o he HPP. The performance of he repair process is direcly conneced wih he size (area) of he service erriory. For Pereira and Casanare sysems he wors indexes corresponds o zones (service erriories) wih highes areas. The effec of remedial acions proposed o reduce ouage duraions can be esed wih his mehodology. A low congesion or raffic inensiy does no mean a low waiing ime or consequenly a low ouage duraion. Resuls of mean ouage ime corresponds o hose values observed during operaion ofhe sudied sysems.
6 6 TABLE GENERAL DATA OF STUDED SYSTEMS Sysem Pereira Paso Casan.ue Region MunicipaliyofPereira MunicipaliyofSan Juan de Paso Deparlmerd ofcasan.ue Uiliy Empresa de Energia de Pereira S. A. Cenrales Eledricas de Narifio S. A. Empresa de Energia. del Casan.ue S. A Area [)em"] UJban populaion :377 20ffi52 lwral populaion Service erriories Crews per mne Noes: 1. ncolombia. a deparlmerd is a group ofmurlicipaliies 2. Thecapial ofdeparl:men mcasanare is Yopal ciy (nhabiards: mban and 166]4!Ural) 3. Populaion in given ininhabiards 4. Source for populadn daa: Colombian ce!lsus ofyear :;:n05 ( 5. Casanare Deparlmerd is rnain:v grassland pladu wih vej:ydifflcw ransjlj: condiiors during rainy season which las a leas 6 monhs. A. Resulsfor Pereira Sysem 2 TABLE PERERA SYSTEM -NPUT AND SERVCE PROCESSES npu plocess Service Process [Failureslhou:r] [Repairshour] A. p = ~p = A., = ~, = PiP A p = ~,. = A... = fl... = A. p = /lap = A p = ;3p = Noe: These models were buil Wlh daaof ~ar 2J05 TABLE PERERA SYSTEM -REPAR PROCESS PERFORMANCE mr mod n'jw C ma(f) [Houn] [Hours] [Hours] rh] ro] jJ B. Resulsfor Casanare Sysem 2 TABLE V CASANARE SYSTEM - NPUT AND REPAR PROCESSES npu plocess Service Process [Failureshour] [Repairslhour] Weibull RP A... = Weinill. RP A, = ap = e... = a, = J" = Weibull RP A.,. = WeibulJ. RP A. o = a p = e,. = a, = ~, = Weibull RP A... = Weibull RP A... = a p = fi... = a... = 0.6f68 fj lr = Noes: 1. These nod.els were buil wih daa ofyem2004-ljl)5 2. The Weibull densiy flmchn is defmed a5 () = a.j3p-l eiqj(- ajp) TABLE V CASANARE SYSTEM - REPAR PROCESS PERFORMANCE mr mod mw C ma(f) [Hours] [H0Ul'S] [Hou.rsJ ro] ro] GS C. Resulsfor Paso Sysem TABLE V PASTO SYSTEM - NPUT AND SERVCE PROCESSES npu plocess Service Process [Failu.reslhour] [Repairshour] 1... = ~p = A R = JJ, = Noe: These models were buil Wlh daaof ~ar 2J1)S TABLE V PASTO SYSTEM - REPAR PROCESS PERFORMANCE mr mod n'lw C ma() [lainues] [Minues] [Minues] r/6] r...] V. CONCLUSONS 1. The repair process performed in each service erriory of a power disribuion sysem is a queuing sysem. Thus, i has o be modelled using queuing models, no as par of componen reliabiliy models, he radiional approach applied in reliabiliy assessmens. Also, i is no realisic o apply he deerminisic crieria n -1 for he sysem reliabiliy assessmens because a failure can occur independenly if he previous failure has been or no repaired. 2. As shown in he examples, he inpu and service of he repair process of a power disribuion sysem are no necessarily HPP; hey can be RP or NHPP, and for his reason, he sysem reliabiliy assessmen has o be performed by means of a sequenial Mone Carlo simulaion. The approach presened here, ha considers saionary and non-saionary SPP for he failure and he
7 7 service processes, is very differen from radiional queuing modeling, which assumes ha hese processes are Markovian (HPP) or semi-markovian (One HPP and he oher a RP). 3. The index ha beer reflecs he performance ofhe repair process is he waiing ime. A low congesion or raffic inensiy does no necessarily mean a low waiing ime or consequenly a low ouage duraion. 4. The proposed mehodology explicily evaluaes he performance of he repair process performed in a power disribuion sysem and gives an analyical base for he opimal scheduling of he repair resources in accordance wih he failure process generaed by he componens and he arges for reliabiliy indices. V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The auhors graefully acknowledge he conribuion of Fernando Valencia (Empresa de Energia de Pereira S. A.) and Raul Oriz (Cenrales Elecricas de Narifio S. A.) for supplying he informaion for his sudy. X. REFERENCES [1] Kjolle G, Rolfsegn L, Dahl E, "The economic aspec of reliabiliy in disribuion sysem planning", EEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 5, No. 2,1990. [2] Brown R. E, Elecric Power Disribuion Reliabiliy, Marcel Dekker, [3] Zografos K. G, Doulgeris C, Tsoumpas P, "An inegraed framework for managing emergency-response logisics: he case of he elecric uiliy companies", EEE Transacions on Engineering Managemen, vol. 45, May, [4] Chow M. Y, Taylor L. S, Chow M. S, "Time of ouage resoraion analysis in disribuion sysems", EEE Transacions on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No.3, [5] Balijepalli N, Subrahmanyan S. Venkaa, Chrisie R. D, "Modeling and analysis of disribuion reliabiliy indices", EEE Transacions on Power Delivery, Vol. 19, No.4, Ocober [6] Zapaa C. J, Silva S. C, Burbano O. L, "Repair models of power disribuion componens", EEE Transmission & Disribuion Lain America, [7] EEE, Power Sysem Reliabiliy Evaluaion, Tuorial Course 82 EHO PWR, [8] EEE Recommended Pracice for he Design ofreliable ndusrial and Commercial Power Sysems, EEE Sandard 493,1997. [9] Kjolle G, Sand K, "RELRAD - An analyical approach for disribuion sysem reliabiliy assessmen", EEE Transacions on Power Delivery, Vol. 7, No.2, [10] Billinon R, Allan R. N, Reliabiliy Evaluaion ofengineering Sysems: Conceps and Techniques, Plenum Press, [11] Billinon R, Allan R. N, Reliabiliy Evaluaion of Power Sysems, Plenum Press, [12] Billinon, R., Wang Peng, "Teaching disribuion sysem reliabiliy evaluaion using Mone Carlo simulaion", EEE Transacions on Power Sysems, Vol. 14, No.2, [13] Zapaa C. J, Monealegre P. A, "Technical problems on he qualiy of elecriciy service", Revisa Mundo Elecrico, No. 68, (n Spanish). [14] Ascher H, Feingold H, Repairable sysems reliabiliy: Modeling, inference, misconcepions and heir causes, Marcel Dekker, [15] Ascher H. E, Hansen C. K, "Spurious exponenially observed when incorrecly fiing a disribuion o nonsaionary daa", EEE Transacions on Reliabiliy, Vol. 47, No.4, December [16] Wang P, Coi D. W, "Repairable sysems reliabiliy rend es and evaluaion", EEE Annual Reliabiliy and Mainainabiliy Symposium, [17] Law A. M, Kelon D. W, Simulaion Modeling and Analysis, Mc-Graw Hill, [18] Crow L. H, "Evaluaing he reliabiliy of repairable sysems", EEE Annual Reliabiliy and Mainainabiliy Symposium, [19] EC Power law model - Goodness-of-fi es and esimaion mehods, EC Sandard 61710, [20] Park W. J, Kim Y. G, "Goodness-of-fi ess for he power law process", EEE Transacions on Reliabiliy, Vol. 41, No.1, March [21] Park W. J, Kim Y. G, "More goodness-of-fi ess for he power law process", EEE Transacions on Reliabiliy, Vol. 43, No.2, June [22] Klefsjo B, Kumar U, "Goodness-of-fi ess for he power law process based on he TTT plo", EEE Transacions on Reliabiliy, Vol. 41, No. 4, December [23] Chee H. N, Queuing Modeling Fundamenals, Wiley, [24] Rigdon S. E, Basu A. P, Saisical Mehods for he Reliabiliy of Repairable Ssysems, Wiley, [25] CGRE Task Force, "Sequenial Probabilisic Mehods for Power Sysem Operaion and Planning", Elecra, No. 179, pp , Aug [26] Zapaa C. J, Burbano O. L, Silva S. C, "Assessing he performace ofhe repair process of a power disribuion sysem", Revisa Scienia e Thecnica, No.37, Universidad Tecno16gica de Pereira, Available: hp:// (in Spanish). [27] Gonzalez H., "Sudy of he repair process of a power disribuion sysem by means of sochasic poin processes", Universidad de los Andes, [28] Hernandez J. A, "Sudy of he repair process of he power disribuion sysem in he San Juan de Paso Municipaliy", Universidad de los Andes, X. BOGRAPHES Carlos J. Zapaa (S'1993, AM' 1997, M'2004) obained his BScEE from he Universidad Tecno16gica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia, in 1991 and his MScEE from he Universidad de Los Andes, Bogoa, Colombia, in From 1991 o 2001 he worked for Concol S. A, Bogoa, Colombia, where he paricipaed in 41 projecs of power sysem sudies, elecrical designs and sofware developmen. Since 2001, he has worked as professor a he Universidad Tecno16gica de Pereira. Currenly, he is working owards his PhD a he Universidad de Los Andes, Bogoa, Colombia. Silvana C. Silva obained his BScEE from he Universidad Tecno16gica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia, in During years 2005 and 2006 she worked in he research projec "Mehodologies for reliabiliy assessmens in power disribuion companies". Heyder. Gonzalez obained his BScEE from he Universidad ndusrial de Sanander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, in For four years he worked in several public services governmenal offices in he Deparameno del Casanare, Colombia. Since 2003, he works for Empresa de Energia del Casanare S. A, Yopal, Colombia, as operaions manager. Currenly, he is a graduae suden a Universidad de los Andes, Bogoa, Colombia. Olga L. Burbano obained his BScEE from he Universidad Tecno16gica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia, in During years 2005 and 2006 she worked in he research projec "Mehodologies for reliabiliy assessmens in power disribuion companies". She worked for UP Servicios, Pereira, Colombia from June 2006 unil July Since Augus 2007 she works for Cenrales Elecricas de Narino S. A, Paso, Colombia. Julio A. Hernandez obained his BScEE from he Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogoa, Colombia, in During years 2005 and 2006 he worked for Cenrales Elecricas de Narino S. A, Paso, Colombia, as engineer in projecs ofrural power disribuion. Currenly, he works for AREVA T&D Company, Bogoa, Colombia, as design engineer and he is a graduae suden a Universidad de los Andes, Bogoa, Colombia.
Using Rates of Change to Create a Graphical Model. LEARN ABOUT the Math. Create a speed versus time graph for Steve s walk to work.
2.4 Using Raes of Change o Creae a Graphical Model YOU WILL NEED graphing calculaor or graphing sofware GOAL Represen verbal descripions of raes of change using graphs. LEARN ABOUT he Mah Today Seve walked
More informationANALYSIS OF RELIABILITY, MAINTENANCE AND RISK BASED INSPECTION OF PRESSURE SAFETY VALVES
ANALYSIS OF RELIABILITY, MAINTENANCE AND RISK BASED INSPECTION OF PRESSURE SAFETY VALVES Venilon Forunao Francisco Machado Mechanical Engineering Dep, Insiuo Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 049-00,
More informationA Probabilistic Approach to Worst Case Scenarios
A Probabilisic Approach o Wors Case Scenarios A Probabilisic Approach o Wors Case Scenarios By Giovanni Barone-Adesi Universiy of Albera, Canada and Ciy Universiy Business School, London Frederick Bourgoin
More informationStrategic Decision Making in Portfolio Management with Goal Programming Model
American Journal of Operaions Managemen and Informaion Sysems 06; (): 34-38 hp://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com//aomis doi: 0.648/.aomis.0600.4 Sraegic Decision Making in Porfolio Managemen wih Goal Programming
More informationMorningstar Investor Return
Morningsar Invesor Reurn Morningsar Mehodology Paper March 3, 2009 2009 Morningsar, Inc. All righs reserved. The informaion in his documen is he propery of Morningsar, Inc. Reproducion or ranscripion by
More informationA Liability Tracking Portfolio for Pension Fund Management
Proceedings of he 46h ISCIE Inernaional Symposium on Sochasic Sysems Theory and Is Applicaions Kyoo, Nov. 1-2, 214 A Liabiliy Tracking Porfolio for Pension Fund Managemen Masashi Ieda, Takashi Yamashia
More informationMonte Carlo simulation modelling of aircraft dispatch with known faults
Loughborough Universiy Insiuional Reposiory Mone Carlo simulaion modelling of aircraf dispach wih known fauls This iem was submied o Loughborough Universiy's Insiuional Reposiory by he/an auhor. Ciaion:
More informationThe t-test. What We Will Cover in This Section. A Research Situation
The -es 1//008 P331 -ess 1 Wha We Will Cover in This Secion Inroducion One-sample -es. Power and effec size. Independen samples -es. Dependen samples -es. Key learning poins. 1//008 P331 -ess A Research
More informationHomework 2. is unbiased if. Y is consistent if. c. in real life you typically get to sample many times.
Econ526 Mulile Choice. Homework 2 Choose he one ha bes comlees he saemen or answers he quesion. (1) An esimaor ˆ µ of he oulaion value µ is unbiased if a. ˆ µ = µ. b. has he smalles variance of all esimaors.
More information2017 MCM/ICM Merging Area Designing Model for A Highway Toll Plaza Summary Sheet
Team#55307 Page 1 of 25 For office use only T1 T2 T3 T4 Team Conrol Number 55307 Problem Chosen B For office use only F1 F2 F3 F4 2017 MCM/ICM Merging Area Designing Model for A Highway Toll Plaza Summary
More informationReliability Design Technology for Power Semiconductor Modules
Reliabiliy Design Technology for Power Semiconducor Modules Akira Morozumi Kasumi Yamada Tadashi Miyasaka 1. Inroducion The marke for power semiconducor modules is spreading no only o general-purpose inverers,
More informationCapacity Utilization Metrics Revisited: Delay Weighting vs Demand Weighting. Mark Hansen Chieh-Yu Hsiao University of California, Berkeley 01/29/04
Capaciy Uilizaion Merics Revisied: Delay Weighing vs Demand Weighing Mark Hansen Chieh-Yu Hsiao Universiy of California, Berkeley 01/29/04 1 Ouline Inroducion Exising merics examinaion Proposed merics
More informationAP Physics 1 Per. Unit 2 Homework. s av
Name: Dae: AP Physics Per. Uni Homework. A car is driven km wes in hour and hen 7 km eas in hour. Eas is he posiive direcion. a) Wha is he average velociy and average speed of he car in km/hr? x km 3.3km/
More informationSURFACE PAVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND ACCIDENT RATE
The 10 h Inernaional Conference RELIABILITY and STATISTICS in TRANSPORTATION and COMMUNICATION -2010 Proceedings of he 10h Inernaional Conference Reliabiliy and Saisics in Transporaion and Communicaion
More informationInstruction Manual. Rugged PCB type. 1 Terminal Block. 2 Function. 3 Series Operation and Parallel Operation. 4 Assembling and Installation Method
Rugged PCB ype Insrucion Manual 1 Terminal Block Funcion.1...4.5.6.7 Inpu volage range Inrush curren limiing Overcurren proecion Overvolage proecion Oupu volage adjusmen range Isolaion Remoe ON/OFF E9
More informationUrban public transport optimization by bus ways: a neural network-based methodology
Urban Transpor XIII: Urban Transpor and he Environmen in he 21s Cenury 347 Urban public ranspor opimizaion by bus ways: a neural nework-based mehodology M. Migliore & M. Caalano Deparmen of Transporaion
More informationInterpreting Sinusoidal Functions
6.3 Inerpreing Sinusoidal Funcions GOAL Relae deails of sinusoidal phenomena o heir graphs. LEARN ABOUT he Mah Two sudens are riding heir bikes. A pebble is suck in he ire of each bike. The wo graphs show
More informationOverview. Do white-tailed tailed and mule deer compete? Ecological Definitions (Birch 1957): Mule and white-tailed tailed deer potentially compete.
COMPETITION BETWEEN MULE AND WHITE- TAILED DEER METAPOPULATIONS IN NORTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON E. O. Garon, Kris Hennings : Fish and Wildlife Dep., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 Maureen Murphy, and Seve
More informationKEY CONCEPTS AND PROCESS SKILLS. 1. An allele is one of the two or more forms of a gene present in a population. MATERIALS AND ADVANCE PREPARATION
Gene Squares 61 40- o 2 3 50-minue sessions ACIVIY OVERVIEW P R O B L E M S O LV I N G SUMMARY Sudens use Punne squares o predic he approximae frequencies of rais among he offspring of specific crier crosses.
More informationWhat the Puck? an exploration of Two-Dimensional collisions
Wha he Puck? an exploraion of Two-Dimensional collisions 1) Have you ever played 8-Ball pool and los he game because you scrached while aemping o sink he 8-Ball in a corner pocke? Skech he sho below: Each
More informationPaul M. Sommers David U. Cha And Daniel P. Glatt. March 2010 MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE ECONOMICS DISCUSSION PAPER NO
AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF BILL JAMES S PYTHAGOREAN FORMULA by Paul M. Sommers David U. Cha And Daniel P. Gla March 2010 MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE ECONOMICS DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 10-06 DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS MIDDLEBURY
More informationPRESSURE SENSOR TECHNICAL GUIDE INTRODUCTION FEATURES OF ELECTRIC PRESSURE SENSOR. Photoelectric. Sensor. Proximity Sensor. Inductive. Sensor.
Proximiy INTRDUCTIN Pressur sensor The sensor convers of gases or liquid ino elecrical magniude wih he sensing elemen, and generaes he analog oupu proporional o applied level or he swiching oupu oggled
More informationBill Turnblad, Community Development Director City of Stillwater Leif Garnass, PE, PTOE, Senior Associate Joe DeVore, Traffic Engineer
Memorandum SRF No. 16 94 To: From: Bill Turnblad, Communiy Developmen Direcor Ciy of Sillwaer Leif Garnass, PE, PTOE, Senior Associae Joe DeVore, Traffic Engineer Dae: November 9, 16 Subjec: Downown Plan
More informationThe Measuring System for Estimation of Power of Wind Flow Generated by Train Movement and Its Experimental Testing
Energy and Power Engineering, 2014, 6, 333-339 Published Online Ocober 2014 in SciRes. hp://www.scirp.org/journal/epe hp://dx.doi.org/10.4236/epe.2014.611028 The Measuring Sysem for Esimaion of Power of
More informationZelio Control Measurement Relays RM4L Liquid Level Relays
Zelio Conrol Measuremen elays FNCTIONS These devices monior he levels of conducive liquids. They conrol he acuaion of pumps or valves o regulae levels; hey are also suiable for proecing submersible pumps
More information2. JOMON WARE ROPE STYLES
Proceedings of he IIEEJ Image Elecronics and Visual Compuing Workshop 2012 Kuching, Malaysia, November 21-24, 2012 A SIMULATION SYSTEM TO SYNTHESIZE ROPE ROLLING PATTERNS IN A VIRTUAL SPACE FOR RESEARCH
More informationCALCULATION OF EXPECTED SLIDING DISTANCE OF BREAKWATER CAISSON CONSIDERING VARIABILITY IN WAVE DIRECTION
CALCULATION OF EXPECTED SLIDING DISTANCE OF BREAKWATER CAISSON CONSIDERING VARIABILITY IN WAVE DIRECTION SU YOUNG HONG School of Civil, Urban, and Geosysem Engineering, Seoul Naional Universiy, San 56-1,
More informationCorresponding Author
Inernaional Journal of Scienific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 4, April-2018 562 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF NON-LINEAR PIPE BENDS 1 KALIKI HEMANTH, M.IMTHIYAS SHERIFF, KODAM VINEETH KUMAR, 2 M.ANANDRAJ,
More informationAutomatic air-main charging and pressure control system for compressed air supplies
Auomaic air-main charging and pressure conrol sysem for compressed air supplies Type PCS A module from he sysem -vacorol Swiching on-off a compressed air uni in a compressed air supply generally akes place
More informationMarket Timing with GEYR in Emerging Stock Market: The Evidence from Stock Exchange of Thailand
Journal of Finance and Invesmen Analysis, vol. 1, no. 4, 2012, 53-65 ISSN: 2241-0998 (prin version), 2241-0996(online) Scienpress Ld, 2012 Marke Timing wih GEYR in Emerging Sock Marke: The Evidence from
More information67.301/1. RLP 10: Pneumatic volume-flow controller. Sauter Components
7.0/ RL 0: neumaic volume-flow conroller How energ efficienc is improved For demand-led conrol of he air volume in office rooms. Areas of applicaion Conrol of he suppl and exhaus air of individual rooms
More informationTransit Priority Strategies for Multiple Routes Under Headway-Based Operations
Transi Prioriy Sraegies for Muliple Roues Under Headway-Based Operaions Yongjie Lin, Xianfeng Yang, Gang-Len Chang, and Nan Zou This paper presens a ransi signal prioriy (TSP) model designed o consider
More informationLSU RISK ASSESSMENT FORM Please read How to Complete a Risk Assessment before completion
Please read How o Complee a Risk Assessmen before compleion EVENT OR ACTIVITY BEING RISK ASSESSED (add name of even where relevan) NAME OF DEPARTMENT Squad Training Neball DATE OF COMPLETION OF RISK ASSESSMENT
More informationPrepared by: Candice A. Churchwell, Senior Consultant Aimee C. Savage, Project Analyst. June 17, 2014 CALMAC ID SCE0350
Execuive Summary: 2014 2024 Demand Response Porfolio of Souhern California Edison Company Submied o Souhern California Edison Co. Submied by Nexan, Inc. June 17, 2014 CALMAC ID SCE0350 Prepared by: Candice
More informationEXAMINING THE FEASIBILITY OF PAIRED CLOSELY-SPACED PARALLEL APPROACHES
EXAMINING THE FEASIBILITY OF PAIRED CLOSELY-SPACED PARALLEL APPROACHES Seven J. Landry and Amy R. Priche Georgia Insiue of Technology Alana GA 30332-0205 ABSTRACT Paired closely-spaced parallel approaches
More informationEvaluating the Performance of Forecasting Models for Portfolio Allocation Purposes with Generalized GRACH Method
Advances in mahemaical finance & applicaions, 2 (1), (2017), 1-7 Published by IA Universiy of Arak, Iran Homepage: www.amfa.iauarak.ac.ir Evaluaing he Performance of Forecasing Models for Porfolio Allocaion
More informationImproving Measurement Uncertainty of Differential Pressures at High Line Pressures & the Potential Impact on the Global Economy & Environment.
Improving Measuremen Uncerainy of Differenial Pressures a igh Line Pressures & he Poenial Impac on he Global Economy & Environmen. Speaker/uhor: Mike Collins Fluke Calibraion 5 urricane Way Norwich. NR6
More informationEvaluation of a car-following model using systems dynamics
Evaluaion of a car-following model using sysems dynamics Arif Mehmood, rank Saccomanno and Bruce Hellinga Deparmen of Civil Engineering, Universiy of Waerloo Waerloo, Onario, Canada N2 3G1 Tel: 519 888
More informationAs time goes by - Using time series based decision tree induction to analyze the behaviour of opponent players
As ime goes by - Using ime series based decision ree inducion o analyze he behaviour of opponen players Chrisian Drücker, Sebasian Hübner, Ubbo Visser, Hans-Georg Weland TZI - Cener for Compuing Technologies
More informationApplication of System Dynamics in Car-following Models
Applicaion of Sysem Dynamics in Car-following Models Arif Mehmood, rank Saccomanno and Bruce Hellinga Deparmen of Civil Engineering, Universiy of Waerloo Waerloo, Onario, Canada N2 3G1 E-mail: saccoman@uwaerloo.ca
More informationPerformance Optimization of Markov Models in Simulating Computer Networks
Proceedings of he World Congress on Engineering and Copuer Science 9 Vol I WCECS 9, Ocober -, 9, San Francisco, USA Perforance Opiizaion of Marov Models in Siulaing Copuer Newors Nisrine Sinno, Hussein
More informationReal-time Stochastic Evacuation Models for Decision Support in Actual Emergencies
Real-ime Sochasic Evacuaion Models for Decision Suppor in Acual Emergencies ARTURO CUESTA, DANIEL ALVEAR, ORLANDO ABREU and DELFÍN SILIÓ Transpors and echnology projecs and processes Universiy of Canabria
More informationKINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION
chaper KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION Secion 2.1 Displacemen Secion 2.2 Speed and Velociy 1. A paricle ravels along a curved pah beween wo poins P and Q as shown. The displacemen of he paricle does no depend
More informationDo Competitive Advantages Lead to Higher Future Rates of Return?
Do Compeiive Advanages Lead o Higher Fuure Raes of Reurn? Vicki Dickinson Universiy of Florida Greg Sommers Souhern Mehodis Universiy 2010 CARE Conference Forecasing and Indusry Fundamenals April 9, 2010
More informationAsset Allocation with Higher Order Moments and Factor Models
Asse Allocaion wih Higher Order Momens and Facor Models Kris Boud (VU Brussel, Amserdam) Based on join research wih: Wanbo Lu (SWUFE) and Benedic Peeers (Finvex Group) 1 The world of asse reurns is non-normal.
More informationSimulation based approach for measuring concentration risk
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Simulaion based approach for measuring concenraion risk Kim, Joocheol and Lee, Duyeol UNSPECIFIED February 27 Online a hp://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2968/ MPRA Paper No.
More informationProportional Reasoning
Proporional Reasoning Focus on Afer his lesson, you will be able o... solve problems using proporional reasoning use more han one mehod o solve proporional reasoning problems When you go snowboarding or
More informationSPECIAL WIRE ROPES The Value Line
SPECIAL WIRE ROPES The Value Line INTRODUCTION Qualiy Producs, Ousanding Service and Comprehensive Technical Suppor I s wha oday s indusries expec from heir supplier parners. And ha s wha WireCo WorldGroup
More informationDYNAMIC portfolio optimization is one of the important
, July 2-4, 2014, London, U.K. A Simulaion-based Porfolio Opimizaion Approach wih Leas Squares Learning Chenming Bao, Geoffrey Lee, and Zili Zhu Absrac This paper inroduces a simulaion-based numerical
More informationExamining the limitations for visual anglecar following models
Examining he limiaions for visual anglecar following models Al Obaedi, JTS and Yousif, S Tile Auhors Type URL Published Dae 009 Examining he limiaions for visual angle car following models Al Obaedi, JTS
More informationA Study on the Powering Performance of Multi-Axes Propulsion Ships with Wing Pods
Second Inernaional Symposium on Marine Propulsors smp amburg Germany une A Sudy on he Powering Performance of Muli-Axes Propulsion Ships wih Wing Pods eungwon Seo Seokcheon Go Sangbong Lee and ungil Kwon
More informationPerformance Attribution for Equity Portfolios
PERFORMACE ATTRIBUTIO FOR EQUITY PORTFOLIOS Performance Aribuion for Equiy Porfolios Yang Lu and David Kane Inroducion Many porfolio managers measure performance wih reference o a benchmark. The difference
More informationQUANTITATIVE FINANCE RESEARCH CENTRE. Optimal Time Series Momentum QUANTITATIVE FINANCE RESEARCH CENTRE QUANTITATIVE F INANCE RESEARCH CENTRE
QUANTITATIVE FINANCE RESEARCH CENTRE QUANTITATIVE F INANCE RESEARCH CENTRE QUANTITATIVE FINANCE RESEARCH CENTRE Research Paper 353 January 15 Opimal Time Series Momenum Xue-Zhong He, Kai Li and Youwei
More informationBootstrapping Multilayer Neural Networks for Portfolio Construction
Asia Pacific Managemen Review 17(2) (2012) 113-126 Boosrapping Mulilayer Neural Neworks for Porfolio Consrucion Chin-Sheng Huang a*, Zheng-Wei Lin b, Cheng-Wei Chen c www.apmr.managemen.ncku.edu.w a Deparmen
More informationSemi-Fixed-Priority Scheduling: New Priority Assignment Policy for Practical Imprecise Computation
Semi-Fixed-Prioriy Scheduling: New Prioriy Assignmen Policy for Pracical Imprecise Compuaion Hiroyuki Chishiro, Akira Takeda 2, Kenji Funaoka 2 and Nobuyuki Yamasaki School of Science for Open and Environmen
More informationEconomics 487. Homework #4 Solution Key Portfolio Calculations and the Markowitz Algorithm
Economics 87 Homework # Soluion Key Porfolio Calculaions and he Markowiz Algorihm A. Excel Exercises: (10 poins) 1. Download he Excel file hw.xls from he class websie. This file conains monhly closing
More informationINSTRUCTIONS FOR USE. This file can only be used to produce a handout master:
INSTRUCTIONS OR USE This file can only be used o produce a handou maser: Use Prin from he ile menu o make a prinou of he es. You may no modify he conens of his file. IMPORTNT NOTICE: You may prin his es
More informationMVS. Electronic fan speed controller for DIN rail. Key features. Article codes Technical specifications. Area of use
MVS Elecronic fan speed conroller for DIN rail The MVS elecronic speed conrollers conrol he speed of single-phase volage conrollable elecric moors ( VAC / 5 6 z) according o a sandard inpu conrol signal.
More informationDual Boost High Performances Power Factor Correction (PFC)
Dual Boos High Performances Power Facor Correcion (PFC) C. Aaianese, Senior Member, IEEE - V. Nardi, Member, IEEE - F. Parillo - G. Tomasso, Member, IEEE Deparmen of Auomaion, Elecromagneism, Compuer Science
More informationAn Alternative Mathematical Model for Oxygen Transfer Evaluation in Clean Water
An Alernaive Mahemaical Model for Oxygen Transfer Evaluaion in Clean Waer Yanjun (John) He 1, PE, BCEE 1 Kruger Inc., 41 Weson Parkway, Cary, NC 27513 Email: john.he@veolia.com ABSTRACT Energy consumpion
More informationCombined air conditioning for heating rooms and improving of indoor climate
Agronomy Research 11 (2), 487 494, 2013 Combined air condiioning for heaing rooms and improving of indoor climae V. Viljasoo 1,*, J. Zadin 1, H. Jüris 2 and T. Pomerans 1 1 Insiue of Technology, Esonian
More informationIdiosyncratic Volatility, Stock Returns and Economy Conditions: The Role of Idiosyncratic Volatility in the Australian Stock Market
Idiosyncraic Volailiy, Sock Reurns and Economy Condiions: The Role of Idiosyncraic Volailiy in he Ausralian Sock Marke Bin Liu Amalia Di Iorio RMIT Universiy Melbourne Ausralia Absrac This sudy examines
More informationCHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF A PROPORTIONAL VALVE FOR CONTROL SYNTHESIS
CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF A PROPORTIONAL VALVE FOR CONTROL SYNTHESIS Osama. OLABY, Xavier. BRN, Sylvie. SESMAT, Tanneguy. REDARCE and Eric. BIDEAX Laboraoire d Auomaique Indusrielle - hp://www-lai.insa-lyon.fr
More informationCOMPARING SIMULATED ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE TO OBSERVED CRASH FREQUENCY AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
COMPARING SIMULATED ROAD SAFETY PERFORMANCE TO OBSERVED CRASH FREQUENCY AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS Janailson Q. Souza Research Assisan, Deparmen of Transporaion Engineering, Universidade Federal do Ceará,
More informationRevisiting the Growth of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, From the Perspective of a Neoclassical Model
Revisiing he Growh of Hong Kong, Singapore, Souh Korea, and Taiwan, 978-2006 From he Perspecive of a Neoclassical Model Shu-shiuan Lu * Naional Tsing Hua Univereseiy December, 2008 Absrac This paper sudies
More informationConstructing Absolute Return Funds with ETFs: A Dynamic Risk-Budgeting Approach. July 2008
Consrucing Absolue Reurn Funds wih ETFs: A Dynamic Risk-Budgeing Approach July 2008 Noël Amenc Direcor, EDHEC Risk & Asse Managemen Research Cenre Professor of Finance, EDHEC Business School noel.amenc@edhec-risk.com
More informationThe safe ships trajectory in a restricted area
Scienific Journals Mariime Universiy of Szczecin Zeszyy Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie 214, 39(111) pp. 122 127 214, 39(111) s. 122 127 ISSN 1733-867 The safe ships rajecory in a resriced area Zbigniew
More informationFORECASTING TECHNIQUES ADE 2013 Prof Antoni Espasa TOPIC 1 PART 2 TRENDS AND ACCUMULATION OF KNOWLEDGE. SEASONALITY HANDOUT
FORECASTING TECHNIQUES ADE 2013 Prof Anoni Espasa TOPIC 1 PART 2 TRENDS AND ACCUMULATION OF KNOWLEDGE. SEASONALITY HANDOUT February 2013 MAIN FACTORS CAUSING TRENDS Increases in populaion. Seady inflaion.
More informationScienceDirect. Cycling Power Optimization System Using Link Models of Lower Limbs with Cleat-Shaped Biaxial Load Cells
Available online a www.sciencedirec.com ScienceDirec Procedia Engineering 72 ( 20 ) 8 7 The 20 conference of he Inernaional Spors Engineering Associaion Cycling Power Opimizaion Sysem Using ink Models
More informationMethods for Estimating Term Structure of Interest Rates
Mehods for Esimaing Term Srucure of Ineres Raes Iskander Karibzhanov Absrac This paper compares differen inerpolaion algorihms for consrucing yield curves: cubic splines, linear and quadraic programming,
More informationCMA DiRECtions for ADMinistRAtion GRADE 6. California Modified Assessment. test Examiner and Proctor Responsibilities
CMA 2012 California Modified Assessmen GRADE 6 DiRECions for ADMinisRAion es Examiner and Procor Responsibiliies Compleing all of he following seps will help ensure ha no esing irregulariies occur, ha
More informationThe credit portfolio management by the econometric models: A theoretical analysis
The credi porfolio managemen by he economeric models: A heoreical analysis Abdelkader Derbali To cie his version: Abdelkader Derbali. The credi porfolio managemen by he economeric models: A heoreical analysis.
More informationFHWA/IN/JTRP-2009/12. Panagiotis Ch. Anastasopoulos Fred L. Mannering John E. Haddock
JOINT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAM FHWA/IN/JTRP-2009/12 Final Repor EFFECTIVENESS AND SERVICE LIVES/ SURVIVAL CURVES OF VARIOUS PAVEMENT REHABILITATION TREATMENTS Panagiois Ch. Anasasopoulos Fred L.
More informationMODEL SELECTION FOR VALUE-AT-RISK: UNIVARIATE AND MULTIVARIATE APPROACHES SANG JIN LEE
MODEL SELECTION FOR VALUE-AT-RISK: UNIVARIATE AND MULTIVARIATE APPROACHES By SANG JIN LEE Bachelor of Science in Mahemaics Yonsei Universiy Seoul, Republic of Korea 999 Maser of Business Adminisraion Yonsei
More informationKeywords: (CNG1) Pressure Vessel, Design Thickness And Stress, Numerical Simulation, Failure Analysis, COMSOL Multiphasic.
www.semargroup.org, www.ijser.com ISSN 9-8885 Vol.0,Issue.09 May-04, Pages:869-87 Failure Analysis of A Thin-walled CNG Cylindrical Pressure Vessel THIN ZAR THEIN HLAING, DR. HTAY HTAY WIN Dep of Mechanical
More informationEvaluating Portfolio Policies: A Duality Approach
OPERATIONS RESEARCH Vol. 54, No. 3, May June 26, pp. 45 418 issn 3-364X eissn 1526-5463 6 543 45 informs doi 1.1287/opre.16.279 26 INFORMS Evaluaing Porfolio Policies: A Dualiy Approach Marin B. Haugh
More informationSimulation Validation Methods
Simulaion Validaion Mehods J. PELLETTIERE* Federal Aviaion Adminisraion, Washingon DC Absrac Modeling and simulaion is increasingly being used o represen occupan behavior, boh of human subjecs and of Anhropomorphic
More informationDynamics of market correlations: Taxonomy and portfolio analysis
Dynamics of marke correlaions: Taxonomy and porfolio analysis J.-P. Onnela, A. Chakrabori, and K. Kaski Laboraory of Compuaional Engineering, Helsinki Universiy of Technology, P.O. Box 9203, FIN-02015
More informationStock Return Expectations in the Credit Market
Sock Reurn Expecaions in he Credi Marke Hans Bysröm * Sepember 016 In his paper we compue long-erm sock reurn expecaions (across he business cycle) for individual firms using informaion backed ou from
More informationLifecycle Funds. T. Rowe Price Target Retirement Fund. Lifecycle Asset Allocation
Lifecycle Funds Towards a Dynamic Asse Allocaion Framework for Targe Reiremen Funds: Geing Rid of he Dogma in Lifecycle Invesing Anup K. Basu Queensland Universiy of Technology The findings of he Mercer
More informationProceedings of the ASME 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2009 May 31 - June 5, 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii
Proceedings of he ASME 28h Inernaional Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arcic Engineering OMAE29 May 31 - June 5, 29, Honolulu, Hawaii OMAE29-79385 ANALYSIS OF THE TUNNEL IMMERSION FOR THE BUSAN-GEOJE
More information3. The amount to which $1,000 will grow in 5 years at a 6 percent annual interest rate compounded annually is
8 h Grade Eam - 00. Which one of he following saemens is rue? a) There is a larges negaive raional number. b) There is a larges negaive ineger. c) There is a smalles ineger. d) There is a smalles negaive
More informationFlow Switch LABO-VHZ-S
Flow Swich S Volumeric flow swiching Almos no effec from differing viscosiies Versaile, configurable swiching oupu in push-pull design Robus consrucion Compac design Characerisics he VHZ gearwheel flow
More informationTime & Distance SAKSHI If an object travels the same distance (D) with two different speeds S 1 taking different times t 1
www.sakshieducaion.com Time & isance The raio beween disance () ravelled by an objec and he ime () aken by ha o ravel he disance is called he speed (S) of he objec. S = = S = Generally if he disance ()
More information3 (R) 1 (P) N/en
3/ way fail-safe safey valve, solenoid acuaed For mechanical presses and oher safey applicaions G /4... G, /4... NT Inherenly fail-safe wihou residual pressure ynamic self monioring ouble valve conrol
More informationCitation for final published version:
This is an Open Access documen downloaded from ORCA, Cardiff Universiy's insiuional reposiory: hp://orca.cf.ac.uk/3849/ This is he auhor s version of a work ha was submied o / acceped for publicaion. Ciaion
More informationRolling ADF Tests: Detecting Rational Bubbles in Greater China Stock Markets
Singapore Managemen Universiy Insiuional Knowledge a Singapore Managemen Universiy Disseraions and Theses Collecion (Open Access) Disseraions and Theses 2008 Rolling ADF Tess: Deecing Raional Bubbles in
More informationSan Francisco State University ECON 560 Fall Midterm Exam 2. Tuesday, October hour, 15 minutes
San Francisco Sae Universiy Micael Bar ECON 560 Fall 207 Miderm Exam 2 Tuesday, Ocober 3 our, 5 minues Name: Insrucions. Tis is closed book, closed noes exam. 2. No calculaors or elecronic devices of any
More informationReview of Economics & Finance Submitted on 27/03/2017 Article ID: Mackenzie D. Wood, and Jungho Baek
Review of Economics & Finance Submied on 27/03/2017 Aricle ID: 1923-7529-2017-04-63-09 Mackenzie D. Wood, and Jungho Baek Facors Affecing Alaska s Salmon Permi Values: Evidence from Brisol Bay Drif Gillne
More information1. The value of the digit 4 in the number 42,780 is 10 times the value of the digit 4 in which number?
Mahemaics. he value of he digi in he number 70 is 0 imes he value of he digi in which number?. Mike is years old. Joe is imes as old as Mike. Which equaion shows how o find Joe s age? 70 000 = = = + =
More informationThe design of courier transportation networks with a nonlinear zero-one programming model
The design of courier ransporaion newors wih a nonlinear zero-one programming model Boliang Lin School of Traffic and Transporaion, Being Jiaoong Universiy, Being 100044, People s Republic of China (A
More informationType Control action Setpoint range Air Weight Volume flow % capacity I n /h kg. Pressure diff. 1) Pa
7.0/ RL 0 & 0: neumaic volume-flow conroller Used in conjuncion wih an orifice plae or a dnamic pressure sensor and a pneumaic damper drive for conrolling he air volume in air-condiioning ssems. For fixed,
More informationBackscattered Acoustic Energy by Monobubbles Experimental Approach and Statistical Study of the Attenuation
American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2 (2): 399-406, 2009 ISSN 1941-7020 2009 Science Publicaions Backscaered Acousic Energy by Monobubbles Experimenal Approach and Saisical Sudy of he Aenuaion
More informationMarket timing and statistical arbitrage: Which market timing opportunities arise from equity price busts coinciding with recessions?
Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, vol.1, no.1, 2011, 53-81 ISSN: 1792-6580 (prin version), 1792-6599 (online) Inernaional Scienific Press, 2011 Marke iming and saisical arbirage: Which marke iming
More informationAccident risk assessment for advanced ATM
Acciden risk assessmen for advanced ATM H.A.P. Blom, G.J. Bakker, P.J.G. Blanker, J. Daams, M.H.C. Everd and M.B. Klompsra Naional Aerospace Laboraory NLR PO Box 90502, 1006 BM Amserdam E-mail: blom@nlr.nl
More informationXSz 8... XSz 50 Solenoid actuated fail-safe safety valve
> > /-way or size: G /4... G, /4... NT > > ouble valve conrol sysem, inherenly failsafe wihou residual pressure > > ynamic self monioring > > For use wih pneumaic cluch and brake sysems and oher -way safey
More informationSIMULATION OF WAVE EFFECT ON SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS BY RANSE
1 h Inernaional Conference on Sabiliy of Ships and Ocean Vehicles 591 SIMULATION OF WAVE EFFECT ON SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS BY RANSE Qiuxin Gao, Universiy of Srahclyde, UK, Gao.q.x@srah.ac.uk Dracos Vassalos,
More informationThe APT with Lagged, Value-at-Risk and Asset Allocations by Using Econometric Approach
Proceedings of he 16 Inernaional Conference on Indusrial Engineering and Operaions Managemen Deroi, USA, Sepember 3-5, 16 he AP wih Lagged, Value-a-Risk and Asse Allocaions by Using Economeric Approach
More informationChapter / rev/min Ans. C / in. C mm Ans teeth Ans. C / mm Ans.
Chaper 13 13-1 dp 17 / 8 15 in N 110 dg dp 15 4375 in N3 544 NG PdG 84375 35 eeh C 15 4375 / 35 in Ans Ans ng 1600 15 / 60 400 rev/min Ans p m 3 mm Ans C 3 15 60 115 mm Ans 13-13-3 N G 16 4 64 eeh Ans
More informationCALCULATORS: Casio: ClassPad 300 ClassPad 300 Plus ClassPad Manager TI: TI-89, TI-89 Titanium Voyage 200. The Casio ClassPad 300
The Casio ClassPad 300 CC Edwards 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 23.0 23.8 24.4 24.5 24.2 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 24.7 25.2 25.5 25.9 26.3 The able shows how he average age of he firs marriage of Japanese women
More information