motor vehicle collisions

Transcription

1 motor vehicle collisions 2017

2 2017 QUICK FACTS City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 legal note The City of Edmonton provides this information in good faith but gives no warranty, nor accepts liability, from any incorrect, incomplete or misleading information, or its use for any purpose.

3 STATISTICS % CHANGE Total Collisions 23,139 23, Fatal Collisions Injury Collisions 2,656 2, Fatal and Injury Collisions 2,677 2, Property Damage Only (PDO) Collisions 20,462 21, Intersection Collisions 13,384 13, Number of Fatalities Number of Major Injuries Number of Minor Injuries 2,980 3, Number of Major and Minor Injuries 3,305 3, Number of Fatalities and Major Injuries Pedestrian Collisions Number of Pedestrian Injuries Number of Pedestrian Fatalities Number of Pedestrian Fatalities and Injuries Bicycle Collisions Number of Cyclist Injuries Number of Cyclist Fatalities 0 1 N/A Number of Cyclist Fatalities and Injuries Motorcycle Collisions Number of Motorcyclist Injuries Number of Motorcyclist Fatalities Number of Motorcyclist Fatalities and Injuries Population 932, , Private Passenger Vehicles 602, , Private Motorcycles 18,424 16, Collisions per 1,000 Population Intersection Collisions per 1,000 Population Number of Injuries per 1,000 Population Number of Fatalities and Injuries per 1,000 Population Collisions per 1,000 Vehicles Intersection Collisions per 1,000 Vehicles Number of Fatalities and Injuries per 1,000 Vehicles Per 1,000 vehicles refers to private passenger vehicles and private motorcycles.

4 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 contents 2017 Edmonton Summary 2 section 1: Introduction 4 section 2: Vision Zero Edmonton 10 section 3: Overview 12 section 4: Collision Causes 16 section 5: Temporal Analysis 20 section 6: Intersection and Midblock Collision Hot Spots 24 section 7: Objects Involved in Collisions 28 section 8: Demographic Analysis 32 section 9: Fatal and Injury Collisions 36 section 10: Vulnerable Road User Collisions 46 section 10.1: Pedestrian Collisions 48 section 10.2: Cyclist Collisions 52 section 10.3: Motorcyclist Collisions 56 Appendix 1: Glossary of Terms 61 Appendix 2: Glossary of Collision Causes 62 Contact Information 64 Acknowledgements 64 List of Tables Table 1. Summary of Selected Collision Statistics from 2003 to Table 2. Summary of 2017 Hot Spots 27 Table 3. Fatalities and Injuries by Mode, Severity, and Age Group 42 Table 4. Fatalities and Injuries by Mode and Traffic Control 43 List of Maps Map 1: Top Intersections and Midblock Segments by Number of Collisions 26 Map 2: Density Map of Fatal and Injury Collisions 44 Map 3: Density Changes in Fatal and Injury Collisions from 2016 to

5 List of Figures Figure 1. Historical Collision Statistics from 2003 to Figure 2. Historical Collision Fatalities and Major Injuries from 2003 to Figure 3. Collision Severity Distributions 14 Figure 4. Collision Causes at Intersections and Midblock Segments 18 Figure 5. Collision Severity by Selected Causes 19 Figure 6. Collisions by Month 22 Figure 7. Collisions by Day of Week 22 Figure 8. Collisions by Hour of Day (Weekday vs. Weekend) 23 Figure 9. Objects Involved in Collisions 30 Figure 10. Fixed Objects Involved in Collisions 31 Figure 11. Age and Gender Breakdown of Licensed Drivers 34 Figure 12. Age and Gender Breakdown of At-Fault Drivers 35 Figure 13. Fatal and Injury Collisions by Month 38 Figure 14. Fatal and Injury Collisions by Day of Week 38 Figure 15. Fatal and Injury Collisions by Hour of Day (Weekday vs. Weekend) 39 Figure 16. Fatal and Injury Collisions by Cause 40 Figure 17. Fatalities and Major Injuries by Cause 41 Figure 21. Action of Pedestrians Killed or Injured in Collisions 50 Figure 22. Pedestrian Fatalities and Injuries by Age 51 Figure 23. Pedestrian Fatalities and Injuries by Gender 51 Figure 24. Cyclist Collisions by Month 52 Figure 25. Cyclist Collisions by Day of Week 53 Figure 26. Cyclist Collisions by Hour of Day 53 Figure 27. Action of Cyclists Killed or Injured in Collisions 54 Figure 28. Cyclist Fatalities and Injuries by Age 55 Figure 29. Cyclist Fatalities and Injuries by Gender 55 Figure 30. Motorcyclist Fatal and Injury Collisions by Month 56 Figure 31. Motorcyclist Fatal and Injury Collisions by Day of Week 57 Figure 32. Motorcyclist Fatal and Injury Collisions by Hour of Day 57 Figure 33. Action of Motorcyclists Killed or Injured in Collisions 58 Figure 34. Motorcyclist Fatalities and Injuries by Age 59 Figure 35.Motorcyclist Fatalities and Injuries by Gender 59 Figure 18. Pedestrian Collisions by Month 48 Figure 19. Pedestrian Collisions by Day of Week 49 Figure 20. Pedestrian Collisions by Hour of Day 49

6 PG 2 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions edmonton summary There were 23,906 collisions in Edmonton, an increase of 3.3% from Compared to 2016, the number of intersection collisions per 1,000 population increased by 3.9%. summary Collisions per capita increased 3.2% from 2016 levels (24.8), to 25.6 collisions per 1,000 population. In 2017, there were 2,736 collisions that resulted in injuries or fatalities, an increase of 2.2% from These injury and fatal collisions resulted in 3,048 minor injuries, 341 major injuries, and 27 fatalities. 2 The 27 fatalities in 2017 included 13 vehicle occupants (9 drivers and 4 passengers) and 14 vulnerable road users (9 pedestrians, 4 motorcyclists, and 1 cyclist). Collisions at intersections made up 58.2% (13,924) of the collision total and resulted in 70.6% (2,393) of total injuries and 48.1% (13) of the fatalities. 2 For classifications of fatality, major and minor injury, please refer to Appendix 1 at the end of this document. The most common collision causes in Edmonton were following too closely (37.3%, 8,914 collisions); struck parked vehicle (14.6%, 3,491); changing lanes improperly (10.2%, 2,447); ran off road (7.0%, 1,685); and left turn across path (6.8%, 1,637). The collision causes most likely to result in injury or fatality were following too closely (42.4%, 1,159 collisions); left turn across path (12.1%, 331); failed to observe traffic signal (7.3%, 201); and failed to yield to pedestrian (6.8%, 185). There were 270 pedestrian-involved collisions in 2017 resulting in 275 pedestrian injuries (a decrease of 7.4% over 2016), and there were 9 fatalities in 2017 compared to 10 fatalities in Of the pedestrian collisions, 177 injuries and 5 fatalities occurred when pedestrians were crossing with

7 PG 3 the right of way, and 56 injuries and 4 fatalities occurred when pedestrians were crossing without the right of way (jaywalking). The number of cyclists injured or killed decreased 16.6% from 2016, with 143 cyclist collisions resulting in 120 injuries and 1 fatality. The cyclist was deemed not at fault in 54.5% (66) of these injury and fatal collisions. The number of collisions involving motorcyclists in 2017 decreased 19.4% to 154 collisions compared to 191 collisions in The number of 23,906 CoLLISIons +3.3% motorcyclists injured decreased by 26.6% to 91. There were 4 motorcyclist fatalities in 2017, an increase from 3 in Ranked by the total number of collisions, the top 3 high-collision intersections in 2017 were: 107 Avenue NW and 142 Street NW (89 collisions, 3 injuries); Yellowhead Trail NW and 149 Street NW (81 collisions, 9 injuries); and 23 Avenue NW and 91 Street NW (68 collisions, 10 injuries). The top 3 high-collision midblock segments were: High Level Bridge (30 collisions, 2 injuries); Calgary Trail from 39A Avenue to 34 Avenue (24 collisions, 1 injury); and Whitemud Drive from north of Quesnell Bridge to 149 Street NW (20 collisions, 3 injuries). 8,914 most common CAuSE of collision: following too CLoSELY (37.3%)

8 PG 4 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 1: introduction The City of Edmonton s Traffic Safety Section maintains the Motor Vehicle Collision Information System (mvcis), a database of motor vehicle collisions that occur on public roads in Edmonton. The information in the database is collected from the provincial Collision Report Form, which is completed by members of the Edmonton Police Service either at the scene of the collision or at the front counter of a divisional or community police station. The database reflects all reported collisions on public roadways that result in property damage of $2,000 or greater, as well as any collision that results in a minor or major (serious) injury or fatality. On January 1, 2011, Alberta Transportation implemented a change in its regulations that affected the requirement to report collisions; specifically, the estimated damage amount beyond which a collision is required to be reported to police increased from $1,000 to $2,000. introduction This report presents an overview of collisions that occurred in Edmonton from January 1 to December 31, 2017, based on causes, temporal information, high collision locations, and injury severity. The report also provides information on collisions involving pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists.

9 PG 5 approximately 1.25 million people are killed on the world s roads every year, with between 20 and 50 million people seriously injured. World Health Organization

10 PG 6 Figure 1: Historical Collision Statistics from 2003 to 2017 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions Fatal and Injury Collisions Property Damage Only Collisions Total Collisions Collisions per 1,000 Population ,520 29,072 28,832 28,480 30,000 22,137 15,756 6,381 20,606 15,042 5,564 22,783 16,910 5,873 26,066 19,974 6,092 23,007 5,513 24,314 24,841 24,688 4,758 3,991 3,792 23,442 19,938 3,504 23,243 19,854 3,389 24,805 21,559 3,246 24,627 21,693 2,934 25,517 22,454 3,063 23,139 20,462 2,677 23,906 21,170 2,736 20,000 10,000 introduction

11 2017 POPULATION 934, % PG PrivATE PASSENGEr vehicles 593, % 2017 PrivATE MotorCYCLES 16, % = 10,000 introduction

12 PG 8 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 table 1: Summary of Selected Collision Statistics from 2003 to Total Collisions 22,137 20,606 22,783 26,066 28,520 29,072 28,832 28,480 Injury Collisions 6,352 5,530 5,847 6,067 5,482 4,730 3,962 3,768 Injuries 9,083 7,686 8,006 8,221 7,445 6,270 5,203 4,910 Fatal Collisions Fatalities Pedestrian Collisions Pedestrians Injured Pedestrians Killed Bicycle Collisions Cyclists Injured Cyclists Killed Motorcycle Collisions Motorcyclists Injured Motorcyclists Killed Population 697, , , , , , , ,000 Private Passenger Vehicles 380, , , , , , , ,194 Private Motorcycles 7,070 8,278 8,586 9,236 10,152 12,686 14,378 15,605 Collisions/1000 Population Intersection Collisions/1000 Population Injuries/1000 Population Collisions/1000 Vehicles introduction

13 PG % CHANGE 23,442 23,243 24,805 24,627 25,517 23,139 23, % 3,482 3,363 3,223 2,912 3,033 2,656 2, % 4,446 4,338 4,123 3,660 3,805 3,305 3, % % % % % % % % N/A % % % 812, , , , , , , % 491, , , , , , , % 14,087 14,945 14,311 16,003 17,415 18,424 16, % % % % % ,906 CoLLISIons Gathered together, the drivers involved in collisions in 2017 would exceed the maximum seating capacity of Rogers Place by more than 3,000. % change The population figure for 2017 is based on an estimate provided by the Chief Economist for the City of Edmonton. Population figures for previous years were primarily obtained from either Census of Canada or City of Edmonton Municipal Census. [See Population History of Edmonton Municipal Census ( population-history.aspx). Data on passenger vehicle and motorcycle registrations are based on the Alberta Vehicle Registration Statistics by Vehicle Registration Classes, and reflect the number of registrations as of March 31 of each year.

14 PG 10 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 2: vision zero edmonton Vision Zero is the long-term goal to reach zero traffic-related serious (major) injuries and fatalities. The Vision Zero approach to road safety can be summarized in one sentence: no loss of life is acceptable. The City of Edmonton moves towards this goal by using a Safe Systems approach that includes engineering, education, enforcement, evaluation, and engagement. Humans have limited tolerance to violent forces so we are physically vulnerable when involved in motor vehicle collisions. That s why everyone who uses our roadways has a shared responsibility for road safety. This accountability is also shared by those who design, maintain and operate the road system. Everyone has a part in reaching our goal. By obeying the traffic rules and thinking about the safety of others, you prevent tragic deaths and serious injuries. Figure 2 shows the number of fatalities and major (serious) injuries from vision zero edmonton

15 PG 11 Figure 2: Historical Collision Fatalities and Major Injuries from 2003 to road safety work cannot be done in isolation. communities are increasingly seeking improvements in lifestyle, sustainability, environment and connectivity Zero Road Deaths and Serious Injuries, OECD vision zero edmonton

16 PG 12 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 3: overview The total number of reported collisions increased 3.3% between 2016 and 2017, and collisions resulting in injury and the number of people injured increased 2.0% and 2.5% respectively. Since the establishment of the City of Edmonton s Traffic Safety Section in late October 2006, overall there has been a 55.3% decrease in injury collisions from 2006 (6,067) to 2017 (2,710) and a 58.8% decrease in the number of people injured from 2006 (8,221) to 2017 (3,389). Collisions resulting in fatalities increased from 21 in 2016 to 26 in 2017, with the number of fatalities increasing from 22 to 27. Major (serious) injuries increased by 4.9% in 2017 (341) from 2016 (325). Injuries involving vulnerable road users pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists all decreased in 2017 compared to 2016 (pedestrians 7.4%, 275 injuries; cyclists 17.2%, 120 injuries; and motorcyclists 26.6%, 91 injuries). Overall, collisions involving motorcyclists decreased 19.4% (154). There were 4 motorcycle fatalities in 2017 compared to 3 in Pedestrian fatalities decreased 10.0% from 2016 (10) to 2017 (9). Cyclist collisions decreased from 171 in 2016 to 143 in 2017 (16.4%) with 1 cyclist fatality compared to no fatalities in Total collisions per 1,000 population increased by 3.2% from 2016 to 2017, and fatalities and injuries per 1,000 population increased 2.5%. overview

17 PG 13 a safe system is based on a multidimensional approach that investigates and improves the road traffic system as a whole. Zero Road Deaths and Serious Injuries, OECD

18 PG 14 Figure 3: Collision Severity Distribution City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 As shown in Figure 3, included in the 23,906 reported motor vehicle collisions on Edmonton streets in 2017 are 2,736 (11.4%) collisions that resulted in minor or major (serious) injury or death. These 2,736 collisions caused a total of 3,416 injuries or fatalities to drivers, passengers, pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Among them were 27 fatalities, 341 major injuries and 3,048 minor injuries. The fatality figure includes 13 vehicle occupants (9 drivers and 4 passengers), 9 pedestrians, 4 motorcyclists, and 1 cyclist. 26 FATAL CoLLISIons (27 fatalities) 2,736 FATAL & Injury collisions 297 Major Injury CoLLISIoNS (341 Major Injuries) 2,413 Minor Injury CoLLISIoNS (3048 Minor Injuries) 21,170 Property DAMAGE Only (PDO) CoLLISIoNS overview

19 23,906 COLLISIONS +3.3% PG 15 21,170 PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 3,048 MINor INJURIES 341 MAJOR INJURIES 27 FATALITIES +3.5% +2.3% +4.9% +22.7% FATALITIES 9 DRIVERS 4 PASSENGERS 9 PEDESTRIANS 4 MOTORCYCLISTS 1 CYCLIST overview

20 PG 16 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 4: collision causes The most common collision cause reported was following too closely, which was indicated in 37.3% (8,914) of all collisions. Other common collision causes included: struck parked vehicle (14.6%, 3,491); changing lanes improperly (10.2%, 2,447); ran off road (7.0%, 1,685); and left turn across path (6.8%, 1,637). 3 The collision causes that accounted for the highest number of injuries or fatalities were following too closely (42.4%, 1,159); left turn across path (12.1%, 331); and failed to observe traffic signal (7.3%, 201). Others were: failed to yield to pedestrian (6.8%, 185); ran off road (6.2%, 170); and stop sign violation (5.6%, 152). collision causes 3 For a glossary of collision causes, please refer to Appendix 2 at the end of this document.

21 PG 17 the two main questions crash studies should answer are (a) why a crash occurred, and (b) if there was a serious injury, why the consequences of the crash were so severe. Zero Road Deaths and Serious Injuries, OECD

22 PG 18 Figure 4: Collision Causes at Intersections and Midblock Segments City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 InterSECTIoNS Following Too Closely Struck Parked Vehicle Changing Lanes Improperly Ran Off Road Left Turn Across Path Stop Sign Violation Failed to Observe Traffic Signal Midblock Improper Turn Failed to Yield Right of Way Backed Unsafely Yeild Sign Violation Left of Centre Fatal and Injury Collisions Property Damage Only Collisions Improper Passing Failed to Yield to Pedestrian Animal Action collision causes Figure 4 shows the considerable differences in the profile of collision causes at intersections versus midblock segments. 4 At intersections, following too closely was the reported cause in 46.6% (6,487) of all 13,924 intersection collisions; by comparison, following too closely was the reported cause in only 23.9% (1,884) of all 7,884 collisions along midblocks. Of the 1,685 ran off road collisions in 2017, only 4 The remaining 2,098 collisions occurred either on service roads, in alleys, or did not specifically report a location. 31.2% (526) occurred at intersections, versus 53.2% (896) along midblocks. On the other hand, of the 1,637 left turn across path collisions, 92.6% (1,516) occurred at intersections, versus 6.8% (111) along midblock segments with vehicles turning onto private property or into alleys. Ranked by the severity of outcome, there were three causes where 100% of collisions resulted in fatality or injury (i.e., no Pdo collisions for these three causes). They were failed to yield to pedestrian (185), pedestrian error / violation (73), and failed to yield to cyclist (31).

23 Figure 5: Collision Severity by Selected Causes PG 19 Figure 5 shows other causes ranked by the severity of outcome (severity causes with 100% injury/fatality were not included in this Figure). Proportionally, cyclist error/ violation resulted in the most fatal and injury collisions but the frequency was low 34 Cyclist Error/ Violation (28 of 34). More significant are the causes with a high frequency and a high proportion of fatal and injury collisions. Arguably the most significant cause was left turn across path which had 20.2% of collisions result in a fatality or injury (331 of 1,637). 82% 18% 20 One Way Violation 30% 70% 1,071 Failed to Observe Traffic Signal 19% 81% 1,637 Left Turn Across Traffic 1,128 Stop Sign Violation 20% 80% 13% 87% Fatal and Injury Collisions Property Damage Only Collisions collision causes

24 PG 20 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 5: temporal analysis temporal analysis

25 PG 21 The profile of collisions in Edmonton by month of year, day of week, and hour of day are fairly consistent from year to year. Fluctuations in the number of collisions can be the result of changing traffic volumes, weather and road conditions, number of daylight hours, and roadway congestion, as well as many other factors. The following figures exhibit the overall patterns of collisions during the hours, days, and months of in fall and spring, the blinding skies of sunrise and sunset creep into rush hour. visibility is low. pedestrian collision risk is high. Beware the Glare, Vision Zero Street Team Messaging 2017

26 PG 22 Figure 6: Collisions by Month JAN 243 2,268 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 Figure 6 shows the breakdown of collisions by month, which in 2017 varied from a low of 1,525 total collisions in April to 2,781 total collisions in December. Overall, 57.5% (13,755) of the total collisions occurred in the fall and winter months (October-December and January-March). The percentage of total collisions in fall and winter is consistent with prior years, and the top three collision months in 2017 were January, November, and December. Fatal and injury collisions ranged from 159 in February to 311 in December. The proportion of collisions that result in fatality or injury is slightly higher in the spring and summer (April-September); while fatal and injury collisions made up 10.5% of all fall and winter collisions, they constituted 12.8% of all spring and summer collisions. FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT ,736 1,931 1,343 1,464 1,516 1,436 1,480 1,617 1,578 Fatal and Injury Collisions NOV 251 2,331 Property Damage Only Collisions DEC 311 2, ,000 2,000 3,000 Figure 7: Collisions by Day of Week temporal analysis 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 As shown in Figure 7 and similar to previous years, Friday was the most common day of the week for collisions in 2017, accounting for 17.3% (4,144) of collisions. Least common was Sunday, with 9.5% Monday 2, Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 3, , , (2,263) of all collisions. Again, as in previous years, there were fewer collisions on weekends than on weekdays. 3, , Sunday 2,

27 The most collisions occured on but the most fatal and injury collisions occured on Mondays Fridays, PG 23 Figure 8: Collisions by Hour 5 of Day (Weekday vs. Weekend) Figure 8 breaks down collisions by hour of day, for both weekdays (Monday through Friday) and weekends (Saturday and Sunday). During the weekdays, peak collision times match peak travel times; the morning peak period of 6:00 to 9:00 AM accounted for 17.0% (3,176) of all weekday collisions, while collisions during the PM peak of 3:00 to 6:00 PM made up 29.3% (5,470) of all weekday collisions. On weekends, collision patterns shifted in line with traffic patterns, with the number of collisions peaking between 2:00 and 3:00 PM. Collisions from Noon to 6:00 PM made up 44.7% (2,348) of weekend collisions. Collisions during the overnight hours were also more prevalent during the weekends; there were 390 collisions from Midnight to 5:00 AM on weekends, representing 7.4% of all weekend collisions. By comparison, in the same time period there were 446 collisions over the five weekdays, representing only 2.4% of all weekday collisions. Weekday Weekend 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm 12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 5 Hour name corresponds to hour ending in MVCIS, e.g., 6:00 AM refers to 5:01 AM - 6:00 AM inclusive.

28 PG 24 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 collision hot spots section 6: intersection and midblock collision hot spots

29 PG 25 a road crash is the result of a failure in the traffic system. core elements of a safe system are safe vehicles, safe roads and roadsides, safe road users, safe speeds as well as effective post-crash response. Zero Road Deaths and Serious Injuries, OECD

30 PG 26 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 map 1: Top Intersections and Midblock Segments by Number of Collisions Map 1 illustrates the top intersections and midblock segments with the highest numbers of collisions in the city for A high collision location is also called a hot spot. INTERSECTIONS Collisions Ave. & 142 St. NW (Traffic Circle) 89 2 Yellowhead Tr. & 149 St. NW Ave. & 91 St Ave. & 91 St Yellowhead Tr. & 97 St Ave. & 97 St Ave. & 97 St Yellowhead Tr. & Fort Rd Ave & Gateway Blvd Yellowhead Tr. & 127 St Ave. & Groat Rd Rabbit Hill Rd. & Terwillegar Dr. Nbd targets collision and hot results spots MIDBLOCK Collisions 1 High Level Bridge 33 2 Calgary Tr. between 39A Ave. & 34 Ave Whitemud Dr. btwn North of Quesnell Bridge & 149 St Gateway Blvd btw 31 Ave. & 34 Ave Walterdale Bridge 19 6 Whitemud Drive Wbd btw 111 St & 122 St St. btw 100 Ave & Jasper Ave St. btw 95 Ave. & 99 Ave Quesnell Bridge St. btw Jasper Ave. & 102 Ave Anthony Henday Dr. Nbd btw 111 Ave. & Yellowhead Trail 15

31 Table 2: Top Intersections and Midblock Segments by Number of Collisions Some intersections and midblock segments were also hot spots in 2016 while others were new hot spots for Collision locations ranked as "N/A" were not in the top 10 in PG 27 Type LOCATION NAMe 2017 Rank 2017 COLLISIONS 2016 Rank 2016 COLLISIONS 107 Avenue & 142 Street Yellowhead Trail & 149 Street Avenue & 91 Street 3 68 N/A Avenue & 91 Street Intersection Yellowhead Trail & 97 Street 5 61 N/A Avenue & 97 Street Avenue & 97 Street Avenue & Gateway Blvd Yellowhead Trail & Fort Road 7 56 N/A 49 Yellowhead Trail & 127 Street Midblock 118 Avenue & Groat Road Rabbit Hill Road & Terwillegar Drive Nbd N/A 46 High Level Bridge Calgary Trail btw 39A Avenue & 34 Avenue 2 22 N/A 19 Whitemud Drive btw N of Quesnell Bridge & 149 Street Gateway Boulevard btw 31 Avenue & 34 Avenue 4 21 N/A 9 Walterdale Bridge 5 19 N/A 6 Whitemud Drive Wbd btw 111 St & 122 Street Street btw 100 Ave & Jasper Avenue 6 18 N/A Street btw 95 Avenue & 99 Avenue 8 17 N/A 14 Quesnell Bridge 8 17 N/A Street btw Jasper Avenue & 102 Avenue 8 17 N/A 17 Anthony Henday Drive Nbd btw 111 Avenue & Yellowhead Trail 9 15 N/A 2 collision hot spots

32 PG 28 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 7: objects involved in collisions All collisions in the MVCis database include at least one motor vehicle; collisions between two cyclists, for example, would not be entered in the database. Most collisions in 2017 involved two motor vehicles, or a single vehicle and a fixed object. overview

33 PG 29 the day before distracted driving laws came into effect I checked a text on my phone and drove into a ditch. All I could think was, wow, no wonder this is becoming illegal. Traffic Safety Culture Survey Comment

34 PG 30 Figure 9: Objects Involved in Collisions Number of Objects Number of Collisions City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 MotorCYCLE Automobile 45,253 23,709 Rollover TRUCK 1,426 1,363 ETS Bus RoADway (MotorCYCLE wipeout) targets and results Other vehicle Other Bus Bicycle Animal EmerGENCY vehicle Pedestrians SCHool Bus train

35 PG 31 Figure 9 summarizes the types of objects involved in collisions in Automobiles a category that includes passenger vehicles, pickup trucks, and SUVs, but excludes large trucks over 4,500 kg and buses were involved in over 99.2% (23,709) of all 23,906 collisions in Fixed objects were involved in 8.6% (2,058) of all collisions. Other object types included trucks greater than 4,500 kg (5.7%, 1,363 collisions), pedestrians (1.1%, 270 collisions), Ets buses (0.8%, 190 collisions), and animals (0.7%, 158 collisions). One collision in 2017 involved a train. Fixed objects are routinely involved in collisions, and Figure 10 summarizes the type and number of these objects for The most common fixed objects involved in collisions were posts, signs, or parking meters. In 2017, 328 other fixed objects - close to one a day on average - were struck. The second most common fixed object involved in collisions was pole (296) followed by restraining barrier (274). Fixed Object 2,091 2,058 } figure 10: Fixed Objects Involved in Collisions 4 Bridge SupporTS (0.2%) 12 Bus SHELTErs (0.6%) 30 Snowbanks/DrIFTS (1.4%) 36 buildings (1.7%) 46 Fire HydrANTS (2.2%) 52 Utility BoxEs (2.5%) 75 DITCHEs (3.6%) 371 Posts, Signs, Parking Meters (17.7%) 139 FENCES (6.6%) 193 TrEES, BRush, Hedges (9.2%) 1, % 328 other Fixed objects (15.7%) 235 Curbs (11.2%) 274 Restraining Barriers (13.1%) 296 POLEs (14.2%)

36 PG 32 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 8: demographic analysis demographic analysis

37 PG 33 whether we are designing roads or using them, we need to make safety our priority. Gord Cebryk, Acting Deputy City Manager demographic analysis

38 PG 34 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 Figure 11: Age and Gender Breakdown of Licensed Drivers The demographic makeup of licensed drivers (as of March 31, 2017) in Edmonton is shown in Figure 11. The graph shows that there are slightly more licensed male drivers than female drivers across all age groups, and the age breakdown mirrors the population as a whole with a general decrease in the number of drivers after the 30 to 34 age group. 50,000 40,000 30,000 Male Licensed Drivers Female Licensed Drivers 20,000 10, demographic analysis > There are more male than female licensed drivers in all age groups to 29-year-old drivers have the most at-fault collisions

39 Figure 12: Age and Gender Breakdown of At-Fault Drivers The demographic profile of drivers deemed at fault in a collision, as shown in Figure 12, is fairly consistent with the demographic profile in Edmonton. Young drivers were more likely to be deemed at fault for collisions in Edmonton. Drivers aged 15 to 24 made up 12.4% of Edmonton s licensed drivers in 2017, but were responsible for 20.5% of collisions. By comparison, drivers aged 25 to 34 constituted 24.0% of all licensed drivers and were deemed at fault in 26.5% of collisions. Comparing different age/gender groups revealed differences between the driving population and the population of at-fault drivers. Males aged 15 to 19 made up 2.2% of licensed drivers in Edmonton, but accounted for 4.1% of all at-fault drivers in Expanding the size of the group, males aged 15 to 24 make up 6.5% of the licensed driving population but 12.2% of at-fault drivers. In comparison, females aged 15 to 24 make up 5.9% of the licensed driving population and 8.3% of at-fault drivers. PG 35 Gender was also a factor in the likelihood of collision involvement. While males made up 52.8% of licensed drivers in Edmonton in 2017, they were deemed at fault in 61.4% of collisions. The demographic breakdown of collision figures and at-fault drivers reveals that approximately 1 in 16.7 licensed males aged 20 to 24 were involved in a collision for which they were deemed at fault in By comparison, 1 in 22.9 female drivers aged 20 to 24 were at fault in a collision, while the ratio for all licensed drivers at fault was approximately 1 in ,500 2,000 Male Licensed Drivers Female Licensed Drivers 1,500 1, demographic analysis

40 PG 36 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 9: fatal and injury collisions fatal and injury collisions

41 PG 37 In 2017 a total of 3,389 injuries and 27 fatalities resulted from 2,736 collisions. The following section presents detailed information about fatal and injury collisions in these are our mothers, fathers, wives, husbands, children, friends... any loss of life on our roads is unacceptable. Mayor Don Iveson

42 PG 38 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 Figure 13: Fatal and Injury Collisions by Month The number of fatal and injury collisions by month varied from a low of 159 collisions in February to a high of 311 collisions in December. The pattern of fatal and injury collisions did not follow that of collisions overall. Figure 13 indicates that through the fall and winter months (January-March and October-December), the number of fatal and injury collisions is lower than the rest of the year. The average percentage of fatal and injury collisions through the spring and summer months (April- September) is 12.8% compared to 10.5% during the fall and winter months. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP 9.7% 8.4% % 11.9% % 13.2% 11.7% % 13.8% OCT 13.9% 255 Fatal and Injury Collisions NOV 9.7% 251 % of Overall Collisions DEC 11.2% Figure 14: Fatal and Injury Collisions by Day of Week fatal and injury collisions Friday had the highest number of fatal and injury collisions with 444, followed by Monday and Wednesday (439 collisions and 438 collisions, respectively). The pattern in terms of raw numbers Monday % Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday % 11.6% % of fatal and injury collisions by day of week generally follows that of overall collisions, with a higher number of collisions occurring on weekdays and a decrease on the weekends. Though Friday had % % Sunday %

43 the highest number of fatal and injury collisions, the total percentage of those collisions that involved a fatality or injury was slightly lower on Friday (10.7%) compared to other days of the week. In contrast, though Sunday saw the lowest number of fatal or injury collisions (258), a higher percentage (11.4%) of those collisions resulted in a fatality or injury compared to other days of the week. PG 39 Figure 15: Fatal and Injury Collisions by Hour 6 of Day (Weekday vs. Weekend) Figure 15 shows the profile of fatal and injury collisions by hour of day and is similar to the profile of overall collisions. On weekdays the same morning and evening spikes occurred with fatal and injury collisions; collisions during the morning peak (6:00 to 9:00 AM) accounted for 16.2% (349) of all fatal and injury collisions on weekdays, while the evening peak (3:00 to 6:00 PM) accounted for 32.1% (691) of all fatal and injury collisions. The profile of fatal and injury collisions on weekends was generally the same as the profile of overall collisions, with a gradual increase during the daytime and a slight peak between 12:00 and 1:00 PM. Fatal and injury collisions from Noon to 6:00 PM made up 42.7% (248) of all weekend fatal and injury collisions. The most fatal and injury collisions occurred in the early evening hours (4:00 PM-6:00 PM). Collisions between Midnight and 5:00 AM accounted for 7.4% of all collisions in 2017, and fatal and injury collisions during the same time period accounted for 9.3% of all injury and fatal collisions. Of the 107 fatal or injury collisions that occurred between Midnight and 5:00 AM, 54 (50.5%) occurred on Saturday or Sunday. Those 54 collisions represent 9.3% of all fatal and injury collisions that occurred on weekends. Weekday Weekend 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm 12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 6 Hour name corresponds to hour ending in MVCIS, e.g., 6:00 AM refers to 5:01 AM - 6:00 AM inclusive. fatal and injury collisions

44 PG 40 Figure 16: Fatal and Injury Collisions by Cause City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 As shown in Figure 16, collisions with the reported cause of following too closely made up 42.4% (1,159) of all injury and fatal collisions. Other collision causes with significant injury/fatality counts Following Too Closely Left Turn Across Path Failed to Observe Traffic Signal Failed to Yield to Pedestrian Ran Off Road included left turn across path (12.1%, 331); failed to observe traffic signal (7.3%, 201); and failed to yield to pedestrian (6.8%, 185). 7 1,159 Stop Sign Violation 152 Changing Lanes Improperly 105 Pedestrian Error/Violation Yield Sign Violation Failed to Yield Right of Way (No Control) Left of Centre Struck Parked Vehicle fatal and injury collisions Failed to Yield to Cyclist Improper Turn Cyclist Error/Violation Improper Passing Causes not listed on this chart are: other (cause that does not fall within other collision cause categories; 14), backed unsafely (11), animal action (6), one-way violation (6), opened door into traffic (3), signed forced turn violation (3), improper loading (1), and unknown (1).

45 Following too closely caused as many collisions as the next 6 top causes combined PG 41 Figure 17: Fatalities and Major Injuries 8 by Cause A single collision can result in multiple injuries and/ or fatalities. Injuries are classified as minor or major depending on the level of treatment required. Figure 17 displays the number of fatalities and major injuries for a number of collision causes. Ran off road collisions made up 13.0% (48) of all fatalities and major injuries. Other common collision causes of fatalities and major injuries included left turn across path (12.8%, 47); failed to yield to pedestrian (11.7%, 43); and following too closely and failed to observe traffic signal (each 11.4%, 42). 9 Ran Off Road Left Turn Across Path Failed to Yield to Pedestrian Following Too Closely Failed to Observe Traffic Signal Pedestrian Error/Violation Stop Sign Violation Left of Centre Struck Parked Vehicle Changing Lanes Improperly Yield Sign Violation 8 For a definition of minor and major injuries, please refer to Appendix Causes not listed on this chart are: failed to yield right of way - no control (9), failed to yield to cyclist (9), other (7), one-way violation (5), improper turn (4), cyclist error/violation (3), animal action (1), and opened door into traffic (1) fatal and injury collisions

46 PG 42 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 fatal and injury collisions table 3: Fatalities and Injuries by Mode, Severity, and Age Group A summary of all fatalities and injuries is presented in Table 3, broken down by age group and injury severity. The largest number of fatalities and injuries were sustained by vehicle drivers, followed by vehicle passengers. Among vehicle drivers, there were 2,211 fatalities or injuries in 2017, a rate of 3.3 per 1,000 licensed drivers in Edmonton and 0.3 fatalities or major < injuries per 1,000 licensed drivers. However, these figures increase to 4.7 fatalities or injuries per 1,000 licensed drivers and 0.4 fatalities or major injuries per 1,000 licensed drivers for those aged 19 to 24. Among those drivers aged 75 and over, the 2.1 fatalities or injuries per 1,000 licensed drivers and 0.5 fatalities or major injuries per 1,000 licensed drivers are lower than the overall rates respectively N/A Total ,016 Vehicle Driver Vehicle Passenger Pedestrian Cyclist Motor cyclist Unknown Other All Modes Other refers to one scooter operator who sustained a minor injury in Minor Major Fatal

47 Table 4: Fatalities and Injuries by Mode and Traffic Control Table 4 breaks down fatalities and injuries by the type of traffic control present. Collisions where the traffic control was a signal light made up 40.5% (1,383) of all fatalities and injuries, followed by no control (33.8%, 1,153), which includes both intersections that have no traffic control and midblock segments, and yield signs (10.1%, 346). Ten injuries and one fatality occurred at rail crossings. PG 43 Vehicle Driver Vehicle Passenger Pedestrian Cyclist Motorcyclist Unknown Other Total Signal Light ,383 No Control ,153 Yield Sign Stop Sign Pedestrian-Actuated Signal Marked Pedestrian Crosswalk Construction Pedestrian Amber Flasher One Way Sign Police Control Rail Crossing Warning/Advisory Light Merge Sign Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon Flagman 1 1 Total 2, ,416 fatal and injury collisions

48 Map 2: Density Map of Fatal and Injury Collisions 11 PG 44 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 HOTSPOT DENSITY High Density Medium Density Low Density fatal and injury collisions 11 Density maps represent areas identified as having higher concentrations of injury and fatal collisions in 2017.

49 Map 3: Density Changes in Fatal and Injury Collisions from 2016 to 2017 The change map shows collision density difference from 2016 to Red through yellow indicate collision density increased in 2017; green through dark blue indicate collision density decreased in 2017 compared to PG 45 HOTSPOT DENSITY Increase (High) Increase (Medium) Increase (Low) Decrease (Low) Decrease (Medium) Decrease (High) fatal and injury collisions

50 PG 46 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 10: vulnerable road user collisions The term vulnerable road users refers to those most at risk in traffic. Pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcycle riders are vulnerable because they are unprotected by seatbelts, airbags, and the shell and metal frame of four-wheeled vehicles. Children may put themselves at risk because of inexperience. The elderly and those with mobility issues are especially vulnerable due to decreased ability to take evasive actions. vulnerable road users we are committed to protecting our most vulnerable citizens by using the best technology available to make our streets and roadways safe for everyone. Councillor Bev Esslinger

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52 PG 48 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 10.1: pedestrian collisions In 2017 there were 270 collisions involving pedestrians, resulting in 9 pedestrian fatalities and 275 injuries. figure 18: Pedestrian Fatal and Injury Collisions by Month Pedestrian fatal and injury collisions occurred throughout the year, with the highest number of fatal and injury collisions occurring in December (39) and the lowest in February (14). JAN 22 FEB 14 MAR APR MAY JUN 20 vulnerable road users JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

53 figure 19: Pedestrian Fatal and Injury Collisions by Day of Week Pedestrian fatal and injury collisions were slightly more likely to occur on Wednesday, as shown in Figure 19 (20.0%, 54). PG Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday figure 20: Pedestrian Fatal and Injury Collisions by Hour 12 of Day The highest number of fatal and injury pedestrian collisions occurred between 5:00 and 6:00 PM (8.9%, 24). 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm 12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 12 Hour name corresponds to hour ending in MVCIS, e.g., 6:00 AM refers to 5:01 AM - 6:00 AM inclusive. vulnerable road users

54 PG 50 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 figure 21: Actions of Pedestrians Killed or Injured in Collisions Pedestrians crossing the road with the right of way - either at a marked crosswalk, an unmarked crossing at an intersection, or at a signalized intersection with a walk sign - made up 64.1% (182) of all pedestrian fatalities and injuries. Pedestrians crossing without the right of way, either crossing at a midblock without a marked crosswalk or Injuries Fatailities crossing against the flow of traffic at a signalized intersection, accounted for 21.1% (60) of fatalities and injuries. Other actions including entering or exiting vehicles, walking on the roadway, and running onto the roadway made up 14.8% (42) of pedestrian fatalities and injuries. 4 FATALITIES 56 Injuries CROSSING ROAD WITH RIGHT OF WAY: 182 CROSSING ROAD WITHouT RIGHT OF WAY: 60 vulnerable road users 177 Injuries 5 FATALITIES OTHER: Injuries

55 figure 22: Pedestrian Fatalities and Injuries by Age Figure 22 shows 16.2% (46) of pedestrians involved in injury and fatality collisions were between the ages of 25 and 34, with 15.5% (44) between 19 and 24. Children 18 and younger made up 18.7% (53) of pedestrians involved in injury and fatality collisions while those aged 65 and older constituted 10.6% (30) of overall pedestrian fatalities and injuries. PG Unknown figure 23: Pedestrian Fatalities and Injuries by Gender Overall, male pedestrians have a slightly higher likelihood of being injured or killed compared with female pedestrians (52.1% vs. 47.5%) as shown in Figure 23. However, in 2017 of the pedestrian fatalities, six were females and three were males. 148 FATALITIES & Injuries (51.1%) 1 Unknown (0.4%) 135 FATALITIES & Injuries (49.5%) vulnerable road users

56 PG 52 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 10.2: cyclist collisions In 2017 there were 143 collisions involving cyclists, which resulted in 120 injuries and 1 fatality. figure 24: Cyclist Fatal and Injury Collisions by Month In 2017 cyclist fatal and injury collisions occurred in nearly every month of the year, with the most occurring in the summer months (June to August) when more cyclists tend to be on the roads. The number of fatal and injury collisions peaked at 24 in June, compared to no fatal or injury collisions in February or March. JAN FEB MAR APR MAY 7 7 vulnerable road users JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

57 figure 25: Cyclist Fatal and Injury Collisions by Day of Week Cyclist fatal and injury collisions were more likely to occur on Thursday (21.5%, 26 collisions) and Wednesday (17.4%, 21). The fewest cyclist fatal and injury collisions occurred on Sunday (9.9%, 12). PG 53 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday figure 26: Cyclist Fatal and Injury Collisions by Hour 13 of Day The highest number of cyclist fatal and injury collisions occurred between 5:00 and 6:00 PM (11.6%, 14), corresponding with the evening peak traffic hours. 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm 12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 13 Hour name corresponds to hour ending in MVCis, e.g., 6:00 AM refers to 5:01 AM - 6:00 AM inclusive. vulnerable road users

58 PG 54 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 figure 27: Actions of Cyclists Killed or Injured in Collisions Of the 121 cyclists involved in an injury or fatality collision, as shown in Figure 27, 54.5% (66) were deemed to be not at fault. Cyclists who were deemed to have committed errors or violations made up the other 45.5% (55). Injuries Fatailities 55 Injuries Cyclist Error/ violation: 55 vulnerable road users Out of 143 bicycle collisions in 2017, 48 cyclists wore helmets and 59 did not FATALITY 65 Injuries Cycling properly, not AT fault: In 36 cases, this information is unknown (was not part of the police report).

59 figure 28: Cyclist Fatalities and Injuries by Age The age group with the highest number of cyclists involved in an injury or fatality collision was 25 to 34 (21.5%, 26). A total of 19.0% (23) of cyclists involved in injury and fatality collisions were 35 to 44 years of age. PG Unknown figure 29: Cyclist Fatalities and Injuries by Gender Males are over-represented in cyclist collisions where the cyclist is injured or killed; male: 91 (75.2%) vs. female: 29 (24.0%). 91 FATALITIES & Injuries (75.2%) 1 Unknown (0.8%) 29 FATALITIES & Injuries (24.5%) vulnerable road users

60 PG 56 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 section 10.3: motorcyclist collisions In 2017 there were 154 collisions involving motorcycles 15, resulting in 4 fatalities and 91 injuries. figure 30: Motorcyclist Fatal and Injury Collisions by Month There were no motorcyclist collisions resulting in a fatality or injury in January, February, November, or December when motorcycles are less likely to The following information relates to the 90 collisions in which motorcyclists were injured or killed. be on the road. The highest month for fatal or injury collisions is July (23.3%, 21 collisions). JAN FEB 0 0 MAR APR 3 MAY 18 JUN 16 vulnerable road users JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC The figure of 154 collisions includes 9 collisions where the motorcycle was struck while legally parked and unattended. 21

61 figure 31: Motorcyclist Fatal and Injury Collisions by Day of Week A higher number of motorcyclist fatal and injury collisions occurred on Sunday (23.3%, 21), followed by Tuesday (16.7%, 15). PG 57 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday figure 32: Motorcyclist Fatal and Injury Collisions by Hour 16 of Day More motorcyclist fatal and injury collisions occurred between 11:00 PM and midnight (14.4%, 13). 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm 12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 16 hour name corresponds to hour ending in MVCIS, e.g., 6:00 AM refers to 5:01 AM - 6:00 AM inclusive. vulnerable road users

62 PG 58 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 figure 33: Action of Motorcyclists Killed or Injured in Collisions Motorcyclists who were driving properly and deemed not at fault made up 47.4% (45) of motorcyclist fatalities or injuries. The remaining 52.6% (50) of fatalities and injuries occurred in collisions where the motorcyclist was deemed to be Injuries Fatailities Driving properly, Not AT FauLT: 45 at fault. Among these at-fault collisions, the most common collision cause was ran off road, which resulted in 31.6% (30) of all motorcyclist fatalities and injuries. 2 FATALITIES Ran Off Road: Injuries vulnerable road users 1 OTHER MotorCYCLIST AT FauLT: 20 1 FATALITY 19 Injuries

63 figure 34: Motorcyclist Fatalities and Injuries by Age Motorcyclists aged 25 to 34 made up 34.7% (33) of all motorcyclist injuries and fatalities in 2017, followed by riders in the 35 to 44 age group (17.9%, 17). There were 4 motorcyclist fatalities in PG Unknown figure 35: Motorcyclist Fatalities and Injuries by Gender Males are highly over-represented in motorcyclist fatalities and injuries; male 90.0% (54) vs. female 8.3% (5). 5 FATALITIES & Injuries (8.3%) 1 Other (1.7%) 54 FATALITIES & Injuries (90.0%) vulnerable road users

64 PG 60 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 appendices

65 appendix 1: glossary of terms PG 61 The following terms are used throughout this report. COLLISION Police-reported collisions occurring on public roadways in the City of Edmonton which result in a minimum of $2,000 property damage or which result in fatality or injury. The collision must include at least one (1) motor vehicle. This report includes all collisions where data was received by Traffic Safety from the Edmonton Police Service as of February 28, Non-vehicular collisions and collisions on private roadways are not included in this report. INJURY Injuries noted by police on the collision report form. Injuries are classified as minor (treated but not admitted to hospital may include treatment at an emergency department) or major (serious, resulting in admission to hospital). FATALITY On-scene fatalities, as well as any fatalities occurring within 30 days of and which are related to the collision. AUTOMOBILE Cars, pickup trucks, SUVs, and vans under 4,500 kg. TRUCK Tractor-trailers, trucks, and vans 4,500 kg and over. PEDESTRIAN A person on foot or a person in or on a mobility aid. 17 INTERSECTION MIDBLOCK BRIDGE Defined as extending 10 m past the legally defined limits of the outer crosswalk lines of an intersecting roadway. A section of roadway between two intersections. Bridges are also included as midblock segments. One of the 11 vehicle bridges over the North Saskatchewan River: Beverly, Capilano, Dawson, Low Level, James MacDonald, Walterdale, High Level, Groat, Quesnell, Anthony Henday South, and Anthony Henday North. appendices 17 Definition of "pedestrian" from the Province of Alberta Traffic Safety Act, 1 Interpretation (1)(gg).

66 PG 62 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 appendix 2: glossary of collision causes The collision causes used throughout this report are derived from the provincial Collision Report Form. The following table provides an explanation of each of these causes. FOLLowING TOO CLOSELY STRUCK PARKED VEHICLE A vehicle rear-ends another vehicle due to a number of possible reasons, such as driver inattention, failure to maintain a safe distance between the vehicle and the one ahead, or failing to account for road conditions. A moving vehicle collides with a legally parked or unattended vehicle. RAN OFF ROAD The vehicle leaves the roadway. CHANGING LANES IMPROPERLY A vehicle is involved in a collision while changing lanes. LEFT TURN ACroSS PATH A driver makes a left turn and is struck by an oncoming vehicle with the right of way. FAILED TO OBSERVE TRAFFIC SIGNAL At a signalized intersection, the driver fails to obey a signal and collides with another vehicle with the right of way. STOP SIGN VIOLATION A driver fails to stop at a stop sign, or fails to proceed safely after stopping, and collides with a vehicle with the right of way. appendices BACKED UNSAFELY FAILED TO YIELD right of Way (NO CONTROL) IMPROPER TURN A driver strikes another vehicle while backing. A driver fails to yield the right of way at an uncontrolled intersection, striking or being struck by another vehicle. A vehicle either turns from or to an incorrect lane (for example, turning from the inside lane to an outside lane) and causes a collision.

67 PG 63 LEFT OF CENTRE A vehicle driving left of the centre line on a roadway collides with another vehicle. YIELD SIGN VIOLATION A driver fails to stop at a yield sign and strikes a vehicle with the right of way. FAILED TO YIELD TO PEDESTRIAN A vehicle fails to yield to a pedestrian who has the right of way. ANIMAL ACTION An animal on the roadway causes a collision with a vehicle. PEDESTRIAN ERROR / VIOLATION A pedestrian is involved in a collision after failing to cross at an intersection or marked crosswalk, or after crossing against a don t walk sign. IMPROPER PASSING A driver causes a collision while attempting to pass another vehicle. FAILED TO YIELD TO CYCLIST A vehicle fails to yield to a cyclist. CYCLIST ERROR / VIOLATION A cyclist commits an error or violation and is struck. (This code is typically used for cyclist actions such as entering the road improperly; collisions involving cyclists which can be classified as a vehicle-related cause are also used.) DRIVERLESS VEHICLE A vehicle not being controlled by a driver causes a collision. SIGNED ForCED TURN VIOLATION A vehicle in a lane signed for specific turns disobeys the sign and causes a collision. IMPROPER LOADING ONE WAY VIOLATION OVERSIZE VEHICLE An improperly secured or unstable load causes a collision. A vehicle causes a collision by driving the wrong way down a one-way street. A vehicle causes a collision after entering a roadway and exceeding posted height restriction. appendices

68 PG 64 City of Edmonton motor vehicle collisions 2017 contact information acknowledgements acknowledgements Shea Wang, PhD Traffic Safety Analyst City of Edmonton Office of Traffic Safety Suite 200, Avenue NW Edmonton, Alberta T6E 6G8 Phone: Fax: The author gratefully acknowledges the following individuals who contributed time and expertise to this report: Elizabeth Cayen Deborah Lakusta Dae-Won Kwon, PhD Laura Thue, PhD Stevanus Tjandra, PhD

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70 edmonton.ca/visionzero