Why do we need checklists?

Transcription

1 Support for Implementing Measures for the South East Core Regional Transport Network Multi Annual Plan (EuropeAid/125783/C/SER/MULTI) The RSA Checklists core part of the Manual (RSA part 2) by L. Pfeiffer Road Safety Audit Expert Consortium: WYG Engineering as Leading Partner TRADEMCO S.A. VIENNA Consult TRL Ltd 1. Introduction Content 2. Typical Questions for motorways and interurban highways Why do we need checklists? 1. Introduction The usage of checklists is proved in different fields of engineering, Well known is the checking procedures of aircraft pilots. Checklists for RSA Background of the Checklists Checklists are set against the following background: Different checklists have been developed. The checklist present different questions regarding the safety of all users but they are not exhaustive! The checklists for the Interurban Highways are also including questions about the typical situation regarding the through road section in small villages and linear settlements which have often not the character of through roads but also of conflicts with vulnerable road users. Checklists are set against the following background: Full exploitation of any room for discretion in the technical standards and specifications in order to optimise road safety, Findings from local accident investigations, Results of new research work, Experience gained from earlier audits, Regularly occurring design errors. 1

2 Different Checklists The main topics of the checklists Function, Cross Sections, Alignment, Intersections and railway crossings, Vulnerable road users, Rest Areas, Petrol stations, Traffic signing, marking, lighting, Road-side features incl. passive safety installations, engineering structures Questions Typical Questions for motorways and interurban highways Would it be helpful to have a systematic audit procedure. The auditor needs profound knowledge about the road safety issues, basis of the audit are not only the national regulations, norms and guidelines! In addition best practice knowledge should be used, e.g. European Norms, PIARC publications could be useful! Example for the stopping sight... Topic function and surrounding (motorway o preliminary design) Have previous findings/documents on the accident situation been taken into consideration during the planning phase? Is orientation sight distance guaranteed along the entire section (5 seconds for orientation and reaction)? Source: PIARC 2

3 To help protect your privacy, PowerPoint prevented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Message Bar, and then click Enable external content. 7/6/2009 Topic: Function and surrounding (motorway preliminary design) Are all fixed or planted obstacles that can be dangerous placed outside the safety zone? (Recommendation: 120km/h> 12 m, 100km/h>9 m, 80km/h> 6 m away from the carriage way) Topic: Cross section (interurban highway preliminary design) Has the safest average cross section been selected from the ones that come into question? Source: PIARC Topic: Cross section (motorway preliminary Design) - Is there sufficient cross/diagonal fall? - Cross fall in straight section, need of superelevation in curves! - In straight section typical cross fall is 2.5 % Source: PIARC Topic: Alignment (interurban highway preliminary design) Is the alignment consistent? Topic: Alignment (motorway preliminary design) Is sight obstructed, for example by safety barriers, plants, fences, traffic signs, landscaping and bridge abutments? Source: PIARC Topic: Interchanges (split level intersections, motorway preliminary design) Are all intersections necessary and has the number, spacing and form of the intersections been selected appropriately? Source: German Motorway design guideline 3

4 To help protect your privacy, PowerPoint prevented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Message Bar, and then click Enable external content. 7/6/2009 Topic: Interchanges (split level intersections, motorway preliminary design) Are auxiliary lanes for deceleration, acceleration appropriately and safely designed? Topic: Interchanges (intersections, interurban highways preliminary design) Is good visibility ensured at the intersections and, are the required sight triangles clear for all road users? LA=250 m Source: German Motorway design guideline Source: German highway design guideline L for 80 km/h should be 135m good visibility ensured at the intersection... Topic: Interchanges/Intersection ( intersections, interurban highway preliminary design) Are the islands clearly visible and of a suitable design? Topic: Service and rest areas (motorway preliminary design) Are there sufficient parking areas to prevent parking on the entrances and exits and/or carriageways? Topic: Signing, marking, lighting (motorway preliminary design) Are the road markings clear, recognizable and appropriate? Please obey the special requirements for motorways because of the high operating speed In Germany on motorways the usage of cold plastic marking is obligatory! Source: German rest area design guideline 4

5 Topic: Signing, marking, lighting (interurban road preliminary design) - Can the signs be clearly recognized and read (size of signs)? - Is signing logical and consistent? (...directional signing) Topic: Signing, marking, lighting (highways detailed design) - Are passive safety devices planned at the required facilities...? - Are passive safety devices planned at the required facilities...? - Are passive safety devices planned at the required facilities...? and with suitable quality? Source: TMS Consultancy Special quality of Urban roads 3. Typical Questions for through roads of villages and urban main roads Urban area - utilization (village, city) - density - shape Main functions Traffic specific traffic composition (urban and interurban vehicular traffic, pedestrians, cyclist, public transport, parking, etc.) 5

6 Different demand on road safety Vulnerable road users: pedestrians and cyclists In the case of a collisions with cars they survive up to 30 km/h! Topic function (urban main roads detailed design) Example stopping Sigth is depend on speed! - Have suitable measures been taken to ensure that speed limits are obeyed e.g by traffic calming? Measures to enforce speed limits 1. Alignment Measures to enforce speed limits 50 km/h separated narrowed urban cross-section Footway/cycleway >=2.0 m separating kerb or similar Carriageway m Footway/cycleway >=2.0 m separating kerb or similar Footway >=2.0 m Carriageway m Footway >=2.0 m Have pedestrian requirements been considered? Main street with median...and footpaths Measures to enforce speed limits..enforcement by design R1<=R2<=R3 if 30 km/h R<50 50 R<100 track width car some 2 m trucks some 3 m R3 R3 R2 R2 R1 R1 Source: Swedish Road Administration 6

7 7/6/2009 Measures to support speed limits Entrance island: Swedish example Traffic islands Source: Swedish Road Administration Good announcement of traffic islands... Topic function (urban main roads detailed design) - Have the needs of public transport and its users been taken into consideration? Position of bus stops safe solution from Germany - Public transport: Are the pedestrian crossings at the rear of the bus stop? - Bus stops shall get a combination with 10m-middle island to make safe lane-crosses after the stopping busses possible. - Dangerous overtaking manoeuvres can be avoided on dual lanes. Bus stops wit middle island Example from German recommendation 7

8 Vulnerable road users: Are crossings plausible and safe? Thank you for your attention! Any Questions? 8