Role of Non-motorized Transport in Million plus Cities

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Role of Non-motorized Transport in Million plus Cities Dr. Pawan Kumar, Asstt. T&CP Town & Country Planning Organization Ministry of Urban Development,Govt. of India, New Delhi Email: pawan612@gmail.

1 Role of Non-motorized Transport in Million plus Cities Dr. Pawan Kumar, Asstt. T&CP Town & Country Planning Organization Ministry of Urban Development,Govt. of India, New Delhi Introduction: Million plus Cities (2001 Census) No. of Million plus Cities = 23 (1991) = 35 (2001) = 53 (Provisional for 2011). Population of 53 Million plus Cities = million 1 2 Share of Public Transport and Other Modes in Selected Metropolitan Cities in India in 2007 (in %) S.N. City Walk Cycle Two wheelers Public Transport Car IPT Total in % i. Delhi ii. Mumbai iii. Kolkata iv. Chennai There is need to enhance Public Transport Share. Road capacity = Saturated Rail capacity = Underutilized Single Mode of transport= Neither viable nor economical & efficient. Hence, organized seamless public transport is required. v. Bangaluru vi. Hyderabad vii. Kochi Integration of various modes of mass transport such as -Metro -Bus Source: MoUD+WSA 3 4 along with NMT in the city.

2 National Urban Transport Policy, 2006 Aim: To ensure safe, affordable, quick, comfortable, reliable and sustainable access for public transport to the commuters within cities. One of the objectives is to enabling the establishment of quality focused multimodal public transport systems that are well integrated, providing seamless travel across modes. 5 ROLE OF NMT Pedestrian (walking) is access and egress mode of Multi Modal Transport System (MMTS). Pedestrian is perhaps the most neglected category of people moving on roads. A significant amount of travel among the great majority of the population including children is made on foot but..their needs are under-represented in transport and planning policy. 6 Problems of Pedestrians city expansion and more vehicular traffic on the roads are not in favour of walking and the same has become more hazardous. Public as well as the private costs of any transfer from walking to motorized modes is expensive. Reasons to support Pedestrian (Walking) Economy Health Availability in all time Environmental friendly transport mode 7 Transport is a State Matter and hence State Govt. is mainly responsible for the same. State Govt. should have Pedestrian Policy with the pedestrian facilities such as : -Footpaths -In narrow streets, delineation can be implemented to a visible demarcation of pedestrian space. -Pedestrian Crossing -Pedestrian zone in newly formed township -Facilities for disabled pedestrians -Pedestrian walkways -Architectural Design of Pedestrians provide 8

Fazilika Town as Pedestrian City Fazilika (a small town) in Firozpur district of Punjab on the

On 21 November 2009, it has removed one source of congestion i.e. cars.

Vendors in the area are happy as the sales have soared.

3 Fazilika Town as Pedestrian City Fazilika (a small town) in Firozpur district of Punjab on the India-Pakistan border. Population = 68,000 and Vehicles= 45,000 on its narrow lanes. On 21 November 2009, it has removed one source of congestion i.e. cars. Fazilika has created Car free Zone at Ghanta Ghar Market from 10 am-7 pm. Vendors in the area are happy as the sales have soared. Customers are more relaxed, as they do not have to jostle with parked vehicles A town spanning sq km, Fazilka can easily become a pedestrian's city with vehicles used only to transport goods. Cycle rickshaws have become eco-cabs in car free Fazilka. It has also become the first town in the world to have a dial-a-rickshaw facility. Indian Street Pedestrian Mall, Kuching, Sarawak 11 12

The India Street derives from its name from the fact that it has always been

Most of the Indians are from the southern and northern India.

Rajah of Sarawak, Sir Charles Viner Brooke changed the name to India Street

Pedestrian Space In 1992 the street was closed to vehicular traffic and

13 14 Bicycle FLEXIBILITY and AFFORDABILITY of bicycle recognize their

4 The India Street derives from its name from the fact that it has always been occupied by the Indian shops. Most of the Indians are from the southern and northern India. At first it was called as the Kling Street in the 1850's but the Third White Rajah of Sarawak, Sir Charles Viner Brooke changed the name to India Street in Pedestrian Space In 1992 the street was closed to vehicular traffic and converted to a pedestrian mall Bicycle FLEXIBILITY and AFFORDABILITY of bicycle recognize their usefulness as transport mode. Flexibility is a multi purpose tool for point-to-point transport of persons. Shops in Pedestrian Space Affordability is a function of - purchase price in relation to income, - availability on hire basis and - sharing of their uses 15 16

Option I: Redesign existing roads to accommodate cycles.

Cycling Club launched Heritage Ride in September 2007.

heritage -leisure free bicycle tour of 10-20 kms and -experience an exciting and rejuvenating

17 18 The Climate Bicycle & Bus Ride is 2 years program launched in June 2009 to -raise

cycling, walking and public transport as the most environmentallyfriendly way of commuting.

5 Option I: Redesign existing roads to accommodate cycles. Option II: Provide safe infrastructure for cyclists/pedestrians Major Initiatives Delhi Cycling Club launched Heritage Ride in September It provides an opportunity to -leave their cars behind for a day and explore the monuments heritage -leisure free bicycle tour of kms and -experience an exciting and rejuvenating outdoor event The Climate Bicycle & Bus Ride is 2 years program launched in June 2009 to -raise awareness about climate change and greenhouse gas amongst the public; and emissions -promote cycling, walking and public transport as the most environmentallyfriendly way of commuting. Participants have to take a voluntary pledge to reduce their daily carbon footprint for better and greener cities. Campus Transport Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai has its own internal transport system. The common modes of transport used are: -Bicycles, -Auto rickshaws, and -Campus mini-bus (also called as Campus Tum-Tum). 19 Campus Tum-Tum and auto rickshaws run on CNG.Such transports provides less pollution but more user friendly movement. 20

Recently, it is being proposed to set-up Community based Bicycles Stands with particular colours of the cycle.

According to topography, a battery-operated motor can be embedded to drive the bicycle in undulating areas.

The ministry will fund them to procure bicycles but operated by private agencies and NGOs.

Paying a nominal fee, anyone can take a bicycle for a short trip and park it in designated areas.

22 ITDP s India Cycle Rickshaw Modernization Project in Delhi Institute for Transport and Development Policy (ITDP) s India Cycle Rickshaw

6 Recently, it is being proposed to set-up Community based Bicycles Stands with particular colours of the cycle. Inside the campus, there will be bicycle stand where students will just take, use and drop the cycle at the stand nearest to their destination. According to topography, a battery-operated motor can be embedded to drive the bicycle in undulating areas. Pool Cycle to Pedal in Bangaluru The Ministry of Urban Development, Govt of India is planning to introduce the concept of Pool Cycle. The ministry will fund them to procure bicycles but operated by private agencies and NGOs. Bicycles will be stationed at important points like bus stands, parks and shopping areas. Paying a nominal fee, anyone can take a bicycle for a short trip and park it in designated areas. 21 The pool cycle system, which exists in France, is being tried in Bangaluru on a pilot basis (The Deccan Herald, November 30, 2010). 22 ITDP s India Cycle Rickshaw Modernization Project in Delhi Institute for Transport and Development Policy (ITDP) s India Cycle Rickshaw Modernization project designed better rickshaws with reduction in weight of the vehicles by more than 30%. A multi gear system made pedaling much easier. At present, 3,00,000 modernized cycle rickshaws are operating in major cities of India including Delhi. Modernized cycle rickshaw in Vrindivan (Source: Walter Hook, ITDP), Source: The Hindu, February 18,

7 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM), is a Govt. of India programme for seven years with budget allocation of U$ 10 billion, that includes investment support for urban transport projects consistent with National Urban Transport Policy, The Govt. gives priority to construction of cycle tracks, pedestrian paths and safe pedestrian crossing at busy intersections and high traffic corridors. Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns Central Govt. funded Schemes. Construction and Upgradation of roads, highways, expressways component for funding under UIDSSMT Very few project related to Pedestrian & Cycles Tracks developments are submitted. Political will and backup is required. Awareness among commuters and Public is required Concluding Remarks It is emphasized that utilization of full capacity of MMTS depends on mobility of NMT and intermediate para transits. Hence, better, safe and efficient transport infrastructure must be provided to meet the requirements of these modes. Urban Local Bodies may -either segregate bicycles and cycle rickshaws and motorized vehicles (MVs) as far as possible - or allow them to mix with MVs and reduce MV speed. Mandatory or advisory measures are required to encourage bicycles and cycle rickshaws either on main transport corridors or on feeder routes. The infrastructure for mobility of pedestrians and cycling in terms of -direct & safe cycling and walking routes, -good parking, properly demarcated path, -semi-covered and shady pathways, etc should be developed. Enforcement of Laws related to Pedestrians are required. Similarly, facilities for VRUs may be implemented on specific routes along multi modal transport corridors on zonal basis

Bicycle Tracks and Pedestrian Facilities are relatively less costly and may be proposed as a separate project on priority basis in area wise in

These type of project may be as a part of other projects such as -Terminal Improvement -Bus Stand Renovation Project -Traffic Management Packages,

nonmotorized vehicles or slow moving vehicles.

rather than walk to the nearest BRT/metro station. In all new development such as IT/BPO townships, satellite towns, special economic zones (SEZ) etc.

8 Bicycle Tracks and Pedestrian Facilities are relatively less costly and may be proposed as a separate project on priority basis in area wise in public interest. These type of project may be as a part of other projects such as -Terminal Improvement -Bus Stand Renovation Project -Traffic Management Packages, etc. Metro/BRT system must take into account of -Slow moving vehicles and -NMVs as trip of every mode of MMTS involves access trip either by nonmotorized vehicles or slow moving vehicles Integration between cycling and public transport has huge potential since journeys are reduced in distance and time if users are able to cycle rather than walk to the nearest BRT/metro station. In all new development such as IT/BPO townships, satellite towns, special economic zones (SEZ) etc. there must be provisions for both pedestrian and cycle tracks. Provisions of bicycle parking areas must be a part of multi modal corridor and transit areas development. There is need to opt a policy related to use of helmet for bicyclists on The construction of flyover should have proper design for taking care of movement needs of bicyclists, cycle rickshaws and pedestrians. their journey

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PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE PEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTURE NALIN SINHA INITIATIVE FOR TRANSPORTATION & DEVELOPMENT PROG. (ITD), DELHI

PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE PEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTURE NALIN SINHA INITIATIVE FOR TRANSPORTATION & DEVELOPMENT PROG. (ITD), DELHI India s Road Network 5 million kms: Total road length 2.6 mn kms: Surfaced