Aaron Vo 11/4/15 A03 Wednesday 2-5 PM Group 7/HS LAB 6- Discovering how ph/heat Change Affects Solubility
|
|
- Tyrone Barton
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Aaron Vo 11/4/15 A03 Wednesday 2-5 PM Group 7/HS LAB 6- Discovering how ph/heat Change Affects Solubility I. PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: The purpose of lab 6 was to observe how altering the ph or heat to proteins (whey and casein) would affect their solubility. To do this, students created separate standard curves using the Bradford Assay for each protein. Then, using the line-ofbest-fit, students could solve for the protein concentrations and ultimately the % solubility. II. INTRODUCTION: The physical and chemical properties of proteins are what determine the behavior or usefulness of them. In other words, shape determines function. For example, a polar functional group on an amino acid chain would increase its net charge and change its solubility. Furthermore, the function of a protein is dependent on whether the protein is in its natural form or if it is denatured. Proteins can become denatured in the presence of stimuli such as ph or heat change. As we will see in this lab, denaturation may also affect the solubility of a protein. Solubility of proteins is important because it is the backbone of other functions such as viscosity, emulsification, and foaming. Generally, solubility increases with increased polarity and decreases with increases molecular weight. To elaborate further, a soluble protein must have hydrophilic groups like a hydroxyl, amino, or carboxyl that interact with the waters surface. The properties of proteins may seem like a trivial thing to the everyday consumer, but it is vital for food scientists to be able to understand them. Knowing these properties means that one could manipulate their foods texture or taste based on the inclusion of certain proteins. It also plays an important role in processing and storage.
2 III. PROCEDURE: The procedures for lab 6 can be found in the FST 101A- Food Chemistry Laboratory Fall 2015 manual on pages There were no modifications to this lab. IV. DATA/RESULTS: Table 1: Table for concentration and absorbance values for my standard curve (whey). Tube Type I H2O 1 mg/ml [BSA] Avg. Standard Absorbance (ml) BSA (ml) (mg/ml) Absorbance Deviation
3 My Bradford Assay Standard Curve (Whey) Absorbance at 595 nm y = x R² = [BSA] (mg/ml) Figure 1: Graph of whey standard curve. Has line of best fit, r 2 value, and error bars. Table 2: Table for concentration and absorbance values for the other group s standard curve (casein). Tube Type I H2O (ml) 1 mg/ml BSA (ml) [BSA] (mg/ml) Absorbance Avg. Absorbance Standard Deviation
4 Other Group's Bradford Assay Standard Curve (Casein) Absorbance at 595 nm y = x R² = [BSA](mg/mL) Figure 2: Graph of casein standard curve. Has line of best fit, r 2 value, and error bars. Table 3: Table of absorbance data for whey at the various actual ph s. Absorbance (unheated) Absorbance (heated) ph Table 4: Table of absorbance data for casein at the various actual ph s. Absorbance (unheated) Absorbance (heated) ph
5 Table 5: Table of % solubility of unheated/heated whey at various ph s. ph % Solubility of Unheated Whey % Solubility of Heated Whey Overlay of % Solubility for Unheated/ Heated Whey % Solubility % Solubility of Unheated Whey % Solubility of Heated Whey ph Figure 3: Overlay % solubility of unheated/heated whey at various ph s.
6 Table 6: Table of % solubility of unheated/heated casein at various ph s. ph % Solubility of Unheated Casein % Solubility of Heated Casein Overlay of % Solubility for Unheated/ Heated Casein % Solubility ph % Solubility of Unheated Casein % Solubility of Heated Casein Figure 4: Overlay % solubility of unheated/heated whey at various ph s.
7 V. CALCULATIONS: Final unheated whey concentration at ph 2.5: Line of best fit à A= x x= (A-b)/m x=( ) / = mg/ml % unheated solubility of whey at ph 2.5: mg/ml / 0.75 mg/ml * 100 = 35.14% Final unheated casein concentration at ph 2.7: Line of best fit à A= x x= (A-b)/m x= ( ) / = mg/ml % unheated solubility of casein at ph 2.7: mg/ml / 0.50 mg/ml * 100 = 69.13% VI. DISCUSSION: For lab 6, we created a standard curve using a Bradford Standard Assay. The purpose of standard curves is to ultimately find the concentration of an unknown protein. The word standard generally means the use of something we already know similar to a standard solution. In this case, our standard was bovine serum albumin (BSA). In table 1, one can see how the [BSA] was diluted with various amounts of water. After the standard curve was plotted on Microsoft Excel, we directed the program to include a linear line of best fit. For my group s standard curve (whey), one can see that the line of best-fit equation was x To determine final protein concentration for whey, one would solve for x with a given absorbance. Then, to determine the % solubility of whey, one would take the final protein concentration value and divide that by the original protein concentration (0.75 mg/ml for why). Finally, just multiply this value by 100 to arrive at a percent value. This process is illustrated in the calculations portion of the lab report.
8 For this report, there were not many deviations for our standard curve. When observing table 1, one can see that the standard deviations are small values such as for tubes 2 and 3. The reason why there appears to be little deviations is because our sample size was 2. In figure 4 (casein), we expect that the unheated/heated curves would be more or less on top of each other. This is due to the fact that casein is fairly stable in the presence of heat. Our data seems to support this prediction. In figure 3 (whey) we expected the heated curve to have a slightly lower solubility than the unheated one. Our data does not really support this prediction (except at around ph 4). For the most part the heated curve is slightly above the unheated curve. Some sources of error could include a mediocre ph meter or cross-contamination when recording values. Also, it is interesting to note that the % solubility of whey is fairly stable from ph s 2-8. The % solubility stays between the ranges of 30%-40%. This makes sense because whey is heat unstable and ph stable. The isoelectric point is where the protein carries no net electrical charge. At this point, we would expect solubility to be the lowest. Water prefers to react with charged/polar molecules. At around ph 4, we can see in figure 4 that casein s % solubility is almost at 0%. This observation makes sense because casein is insoluble at that ph. In figure 3, we can see that whey s lowest % solubility is also around that point. However, it is important to note that it is still a lot more soluble than casein in comparison. For % solubility, we would expect whey to have more of a response to heat change. This is because whey proteins can be changed and destroyed at high temps. For most of our data points, the data did not follow this prediction. At ph 8.60, the % solubility for heated whey was 63.73% while the unheated was at 55.20%. At ph 6.50, the heated whey had 42.16% solubility while the unheated was at 29.88%. This was not expected, sources of possible error was listed above. Conversely, we would expect casein to have more a response to ph change. It is insoluble at around ph This point can be seen in figure 4, but the ph is around 4 instead of From ph 2.70, to 3.65, the solubility decreased drastically. The % solubility
9 difference between unheated and heated was 69.13%-->6.81% and 66.82%--> 4.66%, respectively. VII. CONCLUSION: In this lab we used the Bradford Assay standard curve in order to determine the protein concentrations of whey and casein. Then we used those values to determine the % solubility of those proteins. In general, we should expect that casein s % solubility is more affected by ph change while whey s % solubility is more affect by heat change. Our data suggested this theory for casein but not so much for whey. This experiment was important because food scientists want to know which proteins are more soluble in certain environmental stresses such as heat/ph. This ultimately helps them improve aspects like storage quality and taste. VIII. QUESTIONS: 1) At ph 4.50 whey was the least soluble, and at ph 3.65 casein was the least soluble. Caseins normally exist as micelles while whey proteins are more globular. At this point the casein s glycomacropeptide (GMP) is neutralized by the ph change. Whey are a little more stable at this ph because have higher levels of cysteine which result in more disulfide bonding. These bonds stabilize the protein. 2) For the whey, the heated solutions actually had a higher solubility, slightly. However, this is the opposite of what should really happen since whey is heat sensitive. Sources of error could include mislabeling, dirty ph meter, etc. For casein, we didn t observe any noticeable differences. Casein is not heat sensitive. Secondary structure is dictated by the primary sequence of amino acids while tertiary/quaternary structure are dictated by the environment. The various structures are important because the bonds between them such as H-bonds can affect solubility. Also, a certain way a protein folds can expose or hide polar/nonpolar groups for whey and casein.
Sari Bornstein November 4, 2010 Thursday PM E.Y. Lab #4: Protein Functionality- Solubility and Foam Formation
Sari Bornstein November 4, 2010 Thursday PM E.Y. Lab #4: Protein Functionality- Solubility and Foam Formation PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this lab was to compare the two main classes of milk proteins,
More informationAvneet Kaur Nov 14 th 2012 Th, 2:10pm-5pm A. F Lab 4: Protein Functionality: Solubility and Foam Formation I. PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment
Avneet Kaur Nov 14 th 2012 Th, 2:10pm-5pm A. F Lab 4: Protein Functionality: Solubility and Foam Formation I. PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment was to prepare a standard curve of dilutions of a protein
More informationDavisco Whey Protein Processing
Davisco Whey Protein Processing Lloyd Metzger Director, Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center Professor and Alfred Chair in Dairy Education South Dakota State University What is whey? By product of cheese
More informationPipetting and Determining Protein Concentration
Pipetting and Determining Protein Concentration Background Information: When performing experiments in Cell Biology, it is often necessary to use very small volumes of reagents sometimes because the reagents
More informationExperiment 18 Properties of Gases
Experiment 18 Properties of Gases E18-1 E18-2 The Task In this experiment you will investigate some of the properties of gases, i.e. how gases flow, their phase changes and chemical reactivity. Skills
More informationINTRODUCTION TO THE SPECTROPHOTOMETER AND PIPETTING SKILLS
INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECTROPHOTOMETER AND PIPETTING SKILLS Section A: Intro to the spectrophotometer A commonly used instrument in the analysis of cellular extracts is the Spectrophotometer. Today you
More informationPROTEIN BLENDS. Dr. Laurice Pouvreau Senior Scientist Protein Functionality.
PROTEIN BLENDS Dr. Laurice Pouvreau Senior Scientist Protein Functionality laurice.pouvreau@nizo.com May 23-24, 2017 NIZO FOOD RESEARCH FOR BETTER FOOD & HEALTH Independent, private contract research company
More informationbiosensis Mouse CXCL10/IP-10 ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Mouse CXCL10/IP-10 ELISA Kit Protocol Catalogue No: BEK-2124-2P TABLE OF CONTENTS I Materials provided...2 II Equipment required but not supplied...2 III Technical hints....2 IV Storage of kit
More informationRayBio Human vwf ELISA Kit
RayBio Human vwf ELISA Kit Catalog #: ELH-vWF User Manual Last revised April 15, 2016 Caution: Extraordinarily useful information enclosed ISO 13485 Certified 3607 Parkway Lane, Suite 100 Norcross, GA
More informationbiosensis Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL ELISA Kit Protocol Catalog No: BEK-2141-2P For quantitative detection of human Lipocalin-2 in cell culture supernatants, serum, and heparin treated plasma, saliva, and
More informationGas volume and pressure are indirectly proportional.
Section 2 The Gas Laws Key Terms Boyle s law Charles s law combined gas law absolute zero Gay-Lussac s law Scientists have been studying physical properties of gases for hundreds of years In 1662, Robert
More informationCOMPARATIVE STUDY ON MILK CASEIN ASSAY METHODS STUDIU COMPARATIV ASUPRA METODELOR DE DETERMINARE A CAZEINEI DIN LAPTE
Lucrări ştiinńifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, vol. 41 (1) (2008), Timişoara COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MILK CASEIN ASSAY METHODS STUDIU COMPARATIV ASUPRA METODELOR DE DETERMINARE A CAZEINEI DIN LAPTE CĂPRIłĂ
More informationbiosensis Mouse Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Mouse Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) ELISA Kit Protocol Catalog Number: BEK-2151-1P For quantitative detection of mouse IL-1β in cell culture supernatant, cell lysates, and serum and hepain or EDTA
More informationbiosensis Rat Fibronectin ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Rat Fibronectin ELISA Kit Protocol Catalog No: BEK-2017-2P For quantitative detection of rat Fibronectin in cell culture supernatants, serum, and citrate, heparin, or EDTA plasma samples only
More informationName: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
CHAPTER 11 REVIEW Gases SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Pressure =. For a constant force, when the surface area is tripled the pressure is (a) doubled. (b)
More informationbiosensis Mouse Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Mouse Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ELISA Kit Protocol Catalog No: BEK-2003-2P For quantitative detection of mouse BDNF in cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, serum, and citrate,
More informationbiosensis Human IGF-II, Insulin-like growth factor II, Somatomedin-A ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Human IGF-II, Insulin-like growth factor II, Somatomedin-A ELISA Kit Protocol Catalog No: BEK-2029-1P For quantitative detection of human IGF-II in cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, tissue
More informationbiosensis Rat Interleukin-1 beta, IL-1β ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Rat Interleukin-1 beta, IL-1β ELISA Kit Protocol For the quantitative detection of rat IL-1β in cell culture supernatants, serum, heparin or EDTA treated plasma samples, and cell homogenates
More informationbiosensis Human Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor type II (stnfrii) ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Human Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor type II (stnfrii) ELISA Kit Protocol Catalog No: BEK-2103-2P For quantitative detection of human soluble TNFRII (stnfrii) in human cell culture supernatants,
More informationAlgebra I: A Fresh Approach. By Christy Walters
Algebra I: A Fresh Approach By Christy Walters 2005 A+ Education Services All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
More informationbiosensis Mouse Vascular endothelial growth factor A/VEGF-A/VEGF-164/VEGF-1/VEGF- 120/VEGF-2 ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Mouse Vascular endothelial growth factor A/VEGF-A/VEGF-164/VEGF-1/VEGF- 120/VEGF-2 ELISA Kit Protocol Catalog No: BEK-2110-1P For quantitative detection of mouse VEGF-A (VEGF164&VEGF120) in mouse
More informationObjective To identify a pure liquid substance using the physical properties of solubility, density, and boiling point.
Chemistry 1020 Identification of an Unknown Liquid Objective To identify a pure liquid substance using the physical properties of solubility, density, and boiling point. Text reference solubility, density,
More informationbiosensis Human TNFα/Cachectin/TNFSF2 ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Human TNFα/Cachectin/TNFSF2 ELISA Kit Protocol Catalog No: BEK-2100-1P For quantitative detection of human TNFα in cell culture supernatants, serum, and heparin, EDTA or citrate treated plasma
More informationInternet Technology Fundamentals. To use a passing score at the percentiles listed below:
Internet Technology Fundamentals To use a passing score at the percentiles listed below: PASS candidates with this score or HIGHER: 2.90 High Scores Medium Scores Low Scores Percentile Rank Proficiency
More informationEXPERIMENT 7 THE IDEAL GAS LAW AND DENSITY
EXPERIMENT 7 THE IDEAL GAS LAW AND DENSITY In this experiment you will determine the average molecular mass of air using two different methods, first by measuring the density of air with the density of
More informationAlgebra I: A Fresh Approach. By Christy Walters
Algebra I: A Fresh Approach By Christy Walters 2016 A+ Education Services All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
More informationbiosensis Rat Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor/gdnf total /ATF ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Rat Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor/gdnf total /ATF ELISA Kit Protocol Catalog No: BEK-2020-1P For quantitative detection of rat GDNF in cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, tissue
More informationChapter 13: The Behavior of Gases
Chapter 13: The Behavior of Gases I. First Concepts a. The 3 states of matter most important to us: solids, liquids, and gases. b. Real Gases and Ideal Gases i. Real gases exist, ideal gases do not ii.
More informationBoyle s Law. Pressure-Volume Relationship in Gases. Figure 1
Boyle s Law Pressure-Volume Relationship in Gases The primary objective of this experiment is to determine the relationship between the pressure and volume of a confined gas. The gas we use will be air,
More information9A Gas volume and pressure are indirectly proportional.
The Gas Laws Key Terms Boyle s law Charles s law combined gas law absolute zero Gay-Lussac s law Scientists have been studying physical properties of gases for hundreds of years In 1662, Robert Boyle discovered
More informationMilk Protein Products: Casein & Whey
Milk Protein Products: Casein & Whey Introduction Currently, various types of casein and of whey protein are widely used in food processing, due to: Provide foods with a specific nutritive value Infant
More informationBoyle s law Verifying the relation between air pressure and volume measuring air pressure in a closed container.
Objective The purpose of this activity is to analyze the relationship between the pressure and volume of a confined gas at constant temperature, create a hypothesis and proceed to test it using the Labdisc
More informationTi-Pure TITANIUM DIOXIDE DETERMINATION OF SLURRY RHEOLOGY METHOD: T WP
Ti-Pure TITANIUM DIOXIDE DETERMINATION OF SLURRY RHEOLOGY METHOD: T4400.308.01.WP 1 TITANIUM DIOXIDE (Ti-Pure ) Rheology of Titanium Dioxide Slurries I. Principle Rheology is a measurement of the fluid
More informationMiSP Solubility L2 Teacher Guide. Introduction
MiSP Solubility L2 Teacher Guide Introduction In this unit students will learn about solubility. Students should already be familiar with the basic chemistry concepts. They should know that some substances
More informationHydrostatic Force on a Submerged Surface
Experiment 3 Hydrostatic Force on a Submerged Surface Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to experimentally locate the center of pressure of a vertical, submerged, plane surface. The experimental
More informationChem 110 General Principles of Chemistry
CHEM110 Worksheet - Gases Chem 110 General Principles of Chemistry Chapter 9 Gases (pages 337-373) In this chapter we - first contrast gases with liquids and solids and then discuss gas pressure. - review
More informationLOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/12
LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/ This experiment will introduce you to the kinetic properties of low-pressure gases. You will make observations on the rates with which selected
More informationF7 (Human) Chromogenic Activity Assay Kit
F7 (Human) Chromogenic Activity Assay Kit Catalog Number KA0971 96 assays Version: 02 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the
More informationChapter 10: Gases. Characteristics of Gases
Chapter 10: Gases Learning Outcomes: Calculate pressure and convert between pressure units with an emphasis on torr and atmospheres. Calculate P, V, n, or T using the ideal-gas equation. Explain how the
More informationAstringency of Bovine Milk Whey Protein
J. Dairy Sci. 88:2312 2317 American Dairy Science Association, 2005. Astringency of Bovine Milk Whey Protein H. Sano, 1,2 T. Egashira, 1,2 Y. Kinekawa, 2 and N. Kitabatake 1 1 Division of Food Science
More informationRayBio Human TNF-alpha ELISA Kit
RayBio Human TNF-alpha ELISA Kit Catalog #: ELH-TNFa User Manual Last revised April 15, 2016 Caution: Extraordinarily useful information enclosed ISO 13485 Certified 3607 Parkway Lane, Suite 100 Norcross,
More informationThe Use of Whey Protein Concentrate in Baked Products
The Use of Whey Protein Concentrate in Baked Products Lauren Henchy Experimental Study of Food April 20, 2009 1 In the United States, protein is used by many athletes and body builders as the primary source
More informationLOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES adapted by Luke Hanley and Mike Trenary
ADH 1/7/014 LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES adapted by Luke Hanley and Mike Trenary This experiment will introduce you to the kinetic properties of low-pressure gases. You will make observations on the
More informationDielectric properties determine the response
USE OF DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES TO DETECT WHEY PROTEIN DENATURATION C. Bircan, S.A. Barringer and M.E. Mangino Denaturation of whey proteins can be detected by the dielectric properties. The dielectric properties
More informationA Quick Start Guide for the ER 4123D CW-Resonator
Bruker BioSpin A Quick Start Guide for the ER 4123D CW-Resonator The ER 4123D with the TPX system was designed for measurements of relaxation effects using CW EPR. These measurements are often performed
More informationbiosensis Rat IGF-1/Somatomedin/Insulin-like growth factor ELISA Kit Protocol
biosensis Rat IGF-1/Somatomedin/Insulin-like growth factor ELISA Kit Protocol Catalog No: BEK-2150-1P For quantitative detection of rat IGF-1 in cell culture supernatants, cell and tissue homogenates,
More informationStates of Matter. The Behavior of Gases
States of Matter The Behavior of Gases What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement
More informationThe Properties of Water
The Properties of Water Water covers about three fourths of the surface of the earth. It is ubiquitous. It is also one of the simplest, yet most important molecules in living systems. It makes up from
More informationApplications Note: Use of "pentane equivalent" calibration gas mixtures
Introduction The gas that is used to verify accuracy is every bit as important as the detector itself when it comes to worker safety. Choosing (and using) the right mixture is critical to the success of
More informationName Chemistry Pre-AP
Name Chemistry Pre-AP Notes: Gas Laws and Gas Stoichiometry Period Part 1: The Nature of Gases and The Gas Laws I. Nature of Gases A. Kinetic-Molecular Theory The - theory was developed to account for
More informationMATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
Product Name: Sedia HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA Catalog Number: 1002 Company: Sedia Biosciences Corp. 4900 NE 122 nd Ave. Email: customerservice@sediabio.com Phone: +1-503-459-4159 Fax: +1-503-459-4168 The Sedia
More informationInvestigation of The Bubble Foam Separation Technique To Extract Protein From Whey
American Journal of Applied Sciences 5 (5): 468-472, 2008 ISSN 1546-9239 2008 Science Publications Investigation of The Bubble Foam Separation Technique To Extract Protein From Whey Mohammed Matouq Al-Balqa
More informationReinforce design of experiments theory Make individual factorial designs and conduct analysis on responses
Design of Experiments Lab #2 Developed by: Mike Evangelista, Nathan Haden, Alex Jannini, Rowan University, Department of Chemical Engineering Edited by: C. Stewart Slater and Mariano Savelski, Rowan University,
More informationTECHNICAL APPLICATION INFORMATION. Stabilisation of Whey and Whey Mix Products with Pectin
TECHNICAL APPLICATION INFORMATION Stabilisation of Whey and Whey Mix Products with Pectin STABILISATION OF WHEY and Whey Mix Products The use of whey as remedy whey cures for purification and weight reduction
More information100-Meter Dash Olympic Winning Times: Will Women Be As Fast As Men?
100-Meter Dash Olympic Winning Times: Will Women Be As Fast As Men? The 100 Meter Dash has been an Olympic event since its very establishment in 1896(1928 for women). The reigning 100-meter Olympic champion
More informationMoLE Gas Laws Activities
MoLE Gas Laws Activities To begin this assignment you must be able to log on to the Internet using Internet Explorer (Microsoft) 4.5 or higher. If you do not have the current version of the browser, go
More informationRat myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(mpo-anca) ELISA Kit
Rat myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(mpo-anca) ELISA Kit Catalog Number. CSB-E08675r For the quantitative determination of rat myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(mpo-anca)
More informationGCMSD-Headspace Analysis SOP
Before you start GCMSD-Headspace Analysis SOP Method and Sequences names are restricted to 50 characters (MSD program will crash otherwise) The GC oven and Injection Ports need to be cooled to 50 oc to
More informationSTRUCTURED INQUIRY: Investigating Surface Area to Volume Ratio in Cells
STRUCTURED INQUIRY: Investigating Surface Area to Volume Ratio in Cells Introduction: All organisms are composed of cells. The size and shape of a cell determines how well it can deliver nutrients to its
More informationIdeal gas law. Introduction
Ideal gas law Introduction We think of a gas as a collection of tiny particles in random, thermal motion. When they collide with the sides of a container, they exert a force on the container walls. The
More informationThe Ideal Gas Constant
Chem 2115 Experiment # 8 The Ideal Gas Constant OBJECTIVE: This experiment is designed to provide experience in gas handling methods and experimental insight into the relationships between pressure, volume,
More informationChapter 10 Gases. Characteristics of Gases. Pressure. The Gas Laws. The Ideal-Gas Equation. Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equation
Characteristics of Gases Chapter 10 Gases Pressure The Gas Laws The Ideal-Gas Equation Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equation Gas mixtures and partial pressures Kinetic-Molecular Theory Real Gases: Deviations
More informationMoLE Gas Laws Activities
MoLE Gas Laws Activities To begin this assignment you must be able to log on to the Internet using Internet Explorer (Microsoft) 4.5 or higher. If you do not have the current version of the browser, go
More informationSolubility Unit. Solubility Unit Teacher Guide L1-3. Introduction:
Solubility Unit Introduction: In this unit the students will learn about solubility. Students should already be familiar with the basic chemistry concepts. They should know that some substances are soluble
More informationRayBio Human IFN alpha/beta R2 ELISA Kit
RayBio Human IFN alpha/beta R2 ELISA Kit Catalog #: ELH-IFNabR2 User Manual Last revised April 15, 2016 Caution: Extraordinarily useful information enclosed ISO 13485 Certified 3607 Parkway Lane, Suite
More informationAnalysis of Casein and Whey Protein in Whole, 2%, and Skim Milk by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis
Analysis of Casein and Whey Protein in Whole, 2%, and Skim Milk by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis Marcia Santos, Staff Applications Scientist, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Brea, CA USA Mark Lies, Marketing
More informationBackground. Methodology
Decay Kinetics of Hypobromous Acid From HBr-Activated Solutions Jonathan Howarth Ph.D Courtney Mesrobian BS Enviro Tech Chemical Services Modesto, CA Submitted: 9 th September 2009 Background When hydrogen
More informationLecture 8: Heme/Non Heme Iron Proteins and O 2 Management II. Plus a bit of catalysis in Oxygen processes
Lecture 8: Heme/Non Heme Iron Proteins and O 2 Management II Plus a bit of catalysis in Oxygen processes Hemoglobin Key Properties Ubiquitous O2 transport protein A globular soluble protein, 2X2 chains
More informationPROTOCOLS. Coomassie Brilliant Blue G (Sigma 98%) ,4 mg. Ethanol 95% ml. Phosphoric acid 85%.(w/v) ml
PROTOCOLS I. Bradford s method to quantify total protein concentration (Bradford, D, M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitaton of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of
More informationBoyle s Law: Pressure-Volume Relationship in Gases
Boyle s Law: Pressure-Volume Relationship in Gases Computer 6 The primary objective of this experiment is to determine the relationship between the pressure and volume of a confined gas. The gas we use
More informationCONTROL VALVE WHAT YOU NEED TO LEARN?
CONTROL VALVE WHAT YOU NEED TO LEARN? i) The control valve characteristics refers to the relationship between the volumetric flowrate F (Y-axis) through the valve AND the valve travel or opening position
More informationPhysical Pharmacy. Solubility. Khalid T Maaroof MSc. Pharmaceutical sciences School of pharmacy Pharmaceutics department
Physical Pharmacy Solubility Khalid T Maaroof MSc. Pharmaceutical sciences School of pharmacy Pharmaceutics department 1 Definition Solubility is the maximum amount of a solid, liquid or a gas solute that
More informationweight of the book divided by the area of the bottom of the plunger.
Lab: Boyle s Law Datasheet Name Data: Pressure is defined as force per unit area: P = Force/Area When a book rests on top of the plunger, the pressure it exerts equals the weight of the book divided by
More informationGas Pressure Volume Relationships Laboratory Simulation
Gas Pressure Volume Relationships Laboratory Simulation Name Lab Section Problem Statement: How are the pressure and volume of a gas sample related? How do pressure/volume relationships of different gases
More informationAccuracy and Precision
Accuracy and Precision Introduction Scientists use many skills as they investigate the world around them. They make observations by gathering information with their senses. Some observations are simple.
More informationSolubility And Temperature Answers
Temperature Answers Free PDF ebook Download: Temperature Answers Download or Read Online ebook solubility and temperature answers in PDF Format From The Best User Guide Database Using this graph, the solubility
More informationUpFront Chromatography A/S Lersoe Park Allé 42 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
The Rhobust Whey Refinery - novel way for separation of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in whey The Rhobust Whey Refinery is a new, unique concept which enables the dairy processor to fractionate whey
More informationQuantitative Properties of Gases. 1. Amount (mass or moles) 2. Volume 3. Pressure 4. Temperature
Chapter 2 Gases Quantitative Properties of Gases 1. Amount (mass or moles) 2. Volume 3. Pressure 4. Temperature Kinetic Molecular Theory: (Video) Smallest particles (atoms, ions or molecules) of a substance
More informationModeling Diffusion Rates of a Gas in an Enclosed Space
Modeling Diffusion Rates of a Gas in an Enclosed Space By: Chirag Kulkarni, Haoran Fei, Henry Friedlander Abstract: This research attempts to identify the relationship between pressure of a certain gas
More informationBy: Roger Ruan. University. Partners:
Development of Stable Flavored Whey Protein Beverages By: Roger Ruan Lloyd Metzger Department of BBE and Department of FScN University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN Partners: Midwest Dairy Association TABLE
More informationRow / Distance from centerline, m. Fan side Distance behind spreader, m 0.5. Reference point. Center line
1 Standardisation of test method for salt spreader: Air flow experiments Report 7: Effect of crosswind on salt distribution by Jan S. Strøm, Consultant Aarhus University, Engineering Centre Bygholm, Test
More informationGases&Technology. Measurement of Impurities in Helium Using the Dielectric Barrier Discharge Helium Ionization Detector. FEATURE.
Gases&Technology FEATURE Measurement of Impurities in Helium Using the Dielectric Barrier Discharge Helium Ionization Detector. B Y M A T T H E W M O N A G L E Abstract Bulk gases are often delivered to
More informationBoyle s Law: Pressure-Volume Relationship in Gases
Boyle s Law: Pressure-Volume Relationship in Gases Experiment The primary objective of this experiment is to determine the relationship between the pressure and volume of a confined gas. The gas we use
More informationExperiment #2. Density and Measurements
Experiment #2. Density and Measurements Goals 1. To measure and record length, volume and mass accurately with the correct number of significant figures 2. To use significant figures correctly in calculations.
More informationab IgG1 Human ELISA Kit
ab100548 IgG1 Human ELISA Kit Instructions for Use For the quantitative measurement of Human IgG1 in serum and plasma This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use. Version
More informationCalculation of Trail Usage from Counter Data
1. Introduction 1 Calculation of Trail Usage from Counter Data 1/17/17 Stephen Martin, Ph.D. Automatic counters are used on trails to measure how many people are using the trail. A fundamental question
More informationOXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND TEMPERATURE IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND TEMPERATURE IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT BACKGROUND READING Animal Physiology by Hill, Wyse & Anderson, 2004: pp. 130 139 & 198 201. PRE-LAB (Due at the start of the lab) ** In your
More informationName Unit 9 Notes: Gas Laws Period. Complete throughout unit. Due on test day!
Name Unit 9 Notes: Gas Laws Period Skills: 1. Gases and Entropy 2. Distinguish between Ideal and Real gases 3. Understand KMT and Avogadro s Law 4. Identify and Solve Boyle s Law Problems 5. Identify and
More informationUser s Booklet for the Wyatt minidawn Light Scattering Instrumentation
User s Booklet for the Wyatt minidawn Light Scattering Instrumentation The Wyatt minidawn Light Scattering instrument is able to measure the weight average molecular weight of a synthetic polymer or a
More informationLab Report Outline the Bones of the Story
Lab Report Outline the Bones of the Story In this course, you are asked to write only the outline of a lab report. A good lab report provides a complete record of your experiment, and even in outline form
More informationBoyle s Law VC 09. Experiment 9: Gas Laws. Abstract
Experiment 9: Gas Laws VC 09 Abstract In this laboratory activity, you will experimentally confirm Boyle s Law, determine absolute zero from Gay-Lussac's Law, and determine the molecular weight of acetone,
More informationBoyle s Law: Pressure-Volume. Relationship in Gases
Boyle s Law: Pressure-Volume Relationship in Gases The primary objective of this experiment is to determine the relationship between the pressure and volume of a confined gas. The gas we use will be air,
More information100-Meter Dash Olympic Winning Times: Will Women Be As Fast As Men?
100-Meter Dash Olympic Winning Times: Will Women Be As Fast As Men? The 100 Meter Dash has been an Olympic event since its very establishment in 1896(1928 for women). The reigning 100-meter Olympic champion
More informationBiology Unit 2, Structure of Life, Lab Activity 2-3
Biology Unit 2, Structure of Life, Lab Activity 2-3 Cellular respiration is the release of energy from organic compounds by metabolic chemical oxidation in the mitochondria within each cell. Cellular respiration
More informationD. De La Matter 2004 Swimming Pool Chemistry STUDENT ACTIVITIES:
D. De La Matter 2004 Swimming Pool Chemistry STUDENT ACTIVITIES: Good News! Flinn Scientific Inc. has developed a classroom kit of experiments based on these activities. The Kit Catalog # is AP6599. Ordering
More informationPredicted Dispense Volume vs. Gravimetric Measurement for the MICROLAB 600. November 2010
Predicted Dispense Volume vs. Gravimetric Measurement for the MICROLAB 600 November 2010 Table of Contents ``Abstract...3 ``Introduction...4 ``Methods & Results...6 ``Data Analysis...9 ``Conclusion...12
More informationIntroduction. Objectives. Hazards. Procedure
Experiment: Exploring Gases Note to Students: Check with your instructor to see which parts of this lab (Parts A, B, or C) you will complete. Introduction Gases are made up of molecules that are in constant
More informationVapor Pressure of Liquids
Experiment 10 In this experiment, you will investigate the relationship between the vapor pressure of a liquid and its temperature. When a liquid is added to the Erlenmeyer flask shown in Figure 1, it
More informationCHM Basics of Gases (r14) Charles Taylor 1/9
CHM 110 - Basics of Gases (r14)- 2014 Charles Taylor 1/9 Introduction The gas phase is noticeably different from the other two phases of matter. Here are some of the more obvious differences. Gases are
More informationAny laboratory is equipped with specific tools, equipment,
Use of Laboratory Equipment and Supplies 3 When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to: 1. Use a balance. 2. Use pipettes and graduated cylinders to measure the volume of liquids. 3. Use
More information