CHAPTER XVI PDL 101 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY. Ms. K. GOWRI. M.Pharm., Lecturer.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CHAPTER XVI PDL 101 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY. Ms. K. GOWRI. M.Pharm., Lecturer."

Transcription

1 CHAPTER XVI PDL 101 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Ms. K. GOWRI. M.Pharm., Lecturer.

2 Muscle Cell Metabolism Muscle Cells Provide ATP to Drive the Crossbridge Cycle The sources of ATP: Available ATP in the sarcoplasm Creatine phosphate Glucose

3 Muscle Cell Metabolism Available ATP There is a limited supply of readily available ATP A small amount of ATP is stored in the myosin crossbridges immediately available when the muscle begins to contract. Contraction uses up this source of ATP in about 6 seconds making it necessary to have other sources of ATP available

4 Muscle Cell Metabolism Creatine Phosphate (CP) When the ATP stores in the myosin crossbridges are exhausted, ADP and CP are used to regenerate ATP. CP + ADP = ATP + Creatine. The energy available from stored ATP and from the reaction of joining ADP with CP provides only about 20 seconds worth of energy The muscles could contract only long enough to run a 100 m dash on the energy from these sources

5 Glucose Muscle Cell Metabolism Cellular respiration of glucose is an energy source utilized to generate ATP Muscle contractions that are longer than seconds depend on cellular respiration of glucose as a source of ATP

6 Muscle Cell Metabolism Recall Cells store glucose in the sarcoplasm in the form of glycogen The cell must break apart the glycogen molecules to release the individual glucose molecules this is called glycogenolysis The breakdown of glucose, called glycolysis, occurs in the sarcoplasm of the muscle cell and does not require oxygen, it is anaerobic Glycolysis produces pyruvic acid, and a small amount of ATP. The majority of the ATP used by muscles is formed by aerobic processes in the mitochondria. At low intensities, the muscle cell depends on aerobic glycolysis during which oxidative phosphorylation becomes more important

7 Muscle Cell Metabolism Changes with Anerobic Metabolism Exercise Intensity Oxygen is not readily available During intense exercise, when the supply of oxygen cannot keep up with metabolic demand of the cells, pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis is converted to lactic acid. Lactic acid accumulates in the muscle resulting in the burning sensation during short duration, high intensity muscular exercise such as lifting weights Lactic acid is quickly removed from the muscle and taken to the liver where it is converted to glucose

8 Muscle Cell Metabolism Changes with Exercise Intensity Aerobic Metabolism Oxygen is readily available During prolonged, low intensity exercise, the muscles are supplied with adequate oxygen by the protein myoglobin Myoglobin Similar to hemoglobin (oxygen binding protein in the blood) Myoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen and binds to it loosely inside muscle cells Myoglobin brings oxygen into the muscle cell and stores it temporarily This provides a continuous supply of oxygen even when blood flow to the muscle is reduced

9 Muscle Cell Metabolism Changes with Exercise Intensity When exercise stops, the body's need for oxygen continues for a period of time The body responds to this need by continuing to breathing heavily until all the sources of ATP have been replenished Oxygen Debt The amount of oxygen necessary to restore the resting metabolic state of the body A better, and more currently accepted, term to describe the events following exercise is recovery oxygen consumption

10 Muscle Cell Metabolism Changes with Exercise Intensity Recovery oxygen consumption Includes the oxygen needed to: Restore muscles to their resting metabolic condition Convert lactic acid to pyruvic acid in the liver Replenish cellular stores of glycogen, creatine phosphate, and ATP Return resting body temperature to normal Return the heart muscle and the muscles of respiration to normal, which need repair from the minor tissue damage that occurs due to exercise The amount of oxygen needed to meet recovery oxygen consumption demands depends on an individual's physical condition and the duration and intensity of the exercise session.

11 IOC prohibited substances 1. Anabolic agents 2. Peptide hormones, mimetics, and analogues 3. Stimulants 4. Diuretics 5. Narcotics

12 Anabolic Agents Enhance muscle mass gained from strength training Anabolic steriods Testosterone precursors

13 Anabolic Steroids Testosterone derivatives modified to increase anabolic effects while decreasing androgenic effects Doses may reach 100X medical replacement dose Efficacy in numerous studies since the 1970 s

14 Anabolic steroid side effects Acne Alopecia Testicular atrophy Masculinization Gynecomastia Infertility Mood alterations Adverse lipid profile Hypertension Glucose intolerance Premature epiphyseal closure

15 Testosterone precursors Cholesterol Pregnenolone 17 hydroxypregnenolone DHEA Androstenedione Testosterone

16 Androstenedione / DHEA Excess quantities theoretically are metabolized to testosterone, thereby increasing serum levels. Early studies showed promise, but a recent randomized, double blinded study of 30 men by King (1999) demonstrated no gains over placebo in testosterone levels or strength.

17 Androstenedione / DHEA Potential side effects similar to anabolic steroids Excessive precursors shown to be aromatized to form estrogen

18 Human Growth Hormone Manufactured by recombinant technology for replacement in deficient patients Promotes protein anabolism Intramuscular delivery No virilizing effects attractive to women

19 Human Growth Hormone Studies suggest increases in muscle size, but not strength (increased collagen in muscles without an increase in contractile tissue) Excess may lead to SxS of acromegaly

20 Insulin like Growth Factor Newer; poor in vivo data Potential anabolic and growth promoting effects similar to human growth hormone without the lipid side effects More prone to cause hypoglycemia

21 Creatine Intrinsic fuel for anaerobic activity After ingestion, creatine readily binds to phosphorus Phosphocreatine mediates the regeneration of ATP from ADP P Cr + ADP + H + Cr + ATP

22 Creatine Supplementation aimed at maximizing stores of phosphocreatine in muscle tissue Potentially decreases fatigue and increases recovery time Enhances training, but no direct anabolic effect Still legal for most competitions

23 Creatine Some equivocal studies Others demonstrate positive effect on short, high intensity activity Dawson (1995), repeated short sprints Earnest (1995) & Hamilton Ward (1997), bench press weight

24 Creatine side effects Muscle cramps at recommended doses Potential for renal insult at high doses, with a few anecdoctal reports of interstitial nephritis

25 Stimulants Promote CNS and muscular excitation Caffeine Amphetamines Ephedrine (and pseudoephedrine)

26 Caffeine The most used and abused drug in the world Variety of effects from adenosine receptor antagonism increased catecholamines increased lipolysis CNS activation improved respiratory function

27 Caffeine Many studies of varying quality Review by Sinclair and Geiger; studies selecting only those using highly trained athletes (for reproducibility of performance) with caffeine washout period 11 studies, 115 participants cycling/running significant increases in time to exhaustion and decreased perception of effort

28 Caffeine Tolerance develops to repeated dosing Excess may cause increased anxiety, insomnia, and cardiovascular strain

29 Amphetamines Abused since 1920 s Increase alertness and produce euphoria by central modulation of dopamine and noradrenaline Side effects: psychosis, hyperthermia, cardiovascular strain Several deaths from heat stroke

30 Ephedrine Ma Haung, ephedra Increases myocardial contraction and blood pressure, decreases perception of fatigue, decreases appetite Similar side effects of hyperthermia and cardiovascular strain

31 Caffeine and Ephedrine Randomized, blinded, placebo study by Bell (2001) with 24 healthy, untrained men cycling to exhaustion Significant increase in power by ephedrine Significant increase in endurance by caffeine Synergistic effect

32 Other Agents Erythropoietin increases hematocrit to increase oxygencarrying capacity, and thus stamina increases blood vicosity posing risk for vascular occlusion, especially when concurrent with dehydration during exercise

33 Other Agents Beta Blocker reduce anxiety and tremor, but also reduces energy Diuretics transient weight loss (e.g. wrestlers and boxers seeking a lower weight class) risk for dehydration

34 Conclusions Sports doping is widespread Lack strong data on safety and efficacy Potential benefits in amateur athletes (our patients) probably negligible Unclear risks, especially on long term use and mega dosing First, do no harm.

Essential Standards. 8.ATOD.2 Understand the health risks associated with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use.

Essential Standards. 8.ATOD.2 Understand the health risks associated with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. Essential Standards 8.ATOD.2 Understand the health risks associated with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. Clarifying Objective 8.ATOD.2.2 Evaluate the magnitude and likelihood of the risks associated

More information

Catabolism in Skeletal Muscle The Phosphagen System

Catabolism in Skeletal Muscle The Phosphagen System Catabolism in Skeletal Muscle The Phosphagen System Overview of ATP Regeneration Anaerobic vs Aerobic Metabolism Creatine Kinase Reaction Adenylate Kinase Reaction Purine Nucleotide Cycle Creatine Phosphate

More information

NOTES: The Muscular System (Ch 6, part 1)

NOTES: The Muscular System (Ch 6, part 1) NOTES: The Muscular System (Ch 6, part 1) The muscular system consists of three types of muscle tissue: Skeletal Smooth Cardiac STRUCTURE OF A SKELETAL MUSCLE: *Individual muscles are the organs of the

More information

Copyright Strengthworks International Publishing. All rights are reserved. Updated egor 1: GUIDE

Copyright Strengthworks International Publishing. All rights are reserved. Updated egor 1: GUIDE Copyright 2016. Strengthworks International Publishing. All rights are reserved. Updated 01.04.17 THE V-TAPER SOLUTION SUPPLEMENT GUIDE Category 1 Primary Goal Muscle Gain Based on your measurements your

More information

Use of Performance Enhancing Substances Good Chemistry Gone Bad. Evan M. Klass, M.D., F.A.C.P.

Use of Performance Enhancing Substances Good Chemistry Gone Bad. Evan M. Klass, M.D., F.A.C.P. Use of Performance Enhancing Substances 2017 Good Chemistry Gone Bad Evan M. Klass, M.D., F.A.C.P. Doping the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs by competitors Performance enhancing substances

More information

The Muscular System. Biology 105 Lecture 12 Chapter 6

The Muscular System. Biology 105 Lecture 12 Chapter 6 The Muscular System Biology 105 Lecture 12 Chapter 6 Outline I. Characteristics of muscles II. Three types of muscles III. Functions of muscles IV. Structure of skeletal muscles V. Mechanics of muscle

More information

8. Regarding the effect of caffeine on exercise performance, a review of the available research suggests A.caffeine may raise serum FFA levels at

8. Regarding the effect of caffeine on exercise performance, a review of the available research suggests A.caffeine may raise serum FFA levels at 13 Student: 1. The "proof" is a measure of the alcohol content in the beverage and is A. double the percentage. B. half the percentage. C. equal to the percentage. D. None of the answers are correct. 2.

More information

The all-embracing word DRUGS covers a wide range of substances.

The all-embracing word DRUGS covers a wide range of substances. DRUGS IN SPORT We have looked at a variety of Assets which sportspeople may be gifted with, develop and train for. But there is something else that some athletes use to train to win and that is DRUGS.

More information

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CREATINE

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CREATINE [@charlotteclarkeuk] EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CREATINE T here s are a lot of myths and misconceptions surrounding creatine. Some sources question its safety, suggesting that creatine may cause

More information

CHAPTER 26 PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT

CHAPTER 26 PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT Text between pages 164 and 170 answers to questions on page 170 of the text book. 1) a) How does dehydration affect heart rate, body temperature and exercise performance? 3 marks

More information

What do these athletes have in common?

What do these athletes have in common? What do these athletes have in common? Drugs in Sport Why do athletes cheat? 1988 Olympics 100m Final Why is this photo so iconic? 1988 Olympics 100m Final First time ever 4 of the 8 finalists run under

More information

Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports

Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Mark D. Price, M.D., Ph.D Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical School Historical Perspective 1889 Brown-Sequard

More information

LIFETIME FITNESS HEALTHY NUTRITION. UNIT 2 Lesson 14 FLEXIBILITY LEAN BODY COMPOSITION

LIFETIME FITNESS HEALTHY NUTRITION. UNIT 2 Lesson 14 FLEXIBILITY LEAN BODY COMPOSITION LIFETIME FITNESS HEALTHY NUTRITION MUSCULAR STRENGTH AEROBIC ENDURANCE UNIT 2 Lesson 14 FLEXIBILITY LEAN BODY COMPOSITION MUSCULAR ENDURANCE Created by Derek G. Becher B.P.E., B. Ed., AFLCA Resistance

More information

Ergogenic Aids 1. Ergogenic Aids. Caffeine

Ergogenic Aids 1. Ergogenic Aids. Caffeine Ergogenic Aids 1 Dr David Jenkins School of Human Movement Studies The University of Queensland Ergogenic Aids drug derived from a number of plants 2004 removed from WADA Prohibited List possible mechanisms

More information

1. A.- 2. B.- 3. C.- 4. D.- 5. E.- Anatomy & Physiology 2A Name: FALL 2015 (Take Home) MINI-EXAM #4. Figure 11.2

1. A.- 2. B.- 3. C.- 4. D.- 5. E.- Anatomy & Physiology 2A Name: FALL 2015 (Take Home) MINI-EXAM #4. Figure 11.2 Anatomy & Physiology 2A Name: FALL 2015 (Take Home) MINI-EXAM #4 _ Figure 11.2 Using Figure 11.2: Completely define and describe letters A-E in the spaces provided below: 1. A.- 2. B.- 3. C.- 4. D.- 5.

More information

KEY INGREDIENTS. Tribulus Terrestris- Help improve natural testosterone and helps elevate libido in men

KEY INGREDIENTS. Tribulus Terrestris- Help improve natural testosterone and helps elevate libido in men PERFORM LINE Sports Performance Solutions T-Lyft $79.99 Top Trainer T-Lyft supports a man s natural testosterone production. Expect to see an increase in strength, stamina, fat loss, lean muscle and sex

More information

Energy Systems and Growth

Energy Systems and Growth Energy Systems and Growth Understanding Energy Systems and Growth Understanding how your body produces energy is vital to understanding why you train in certain ways to enhance your energy systems and

More information

What is the difference with Whey, Casein, BCAA's, Glutamine, NO products?

What is the difference with Whey, Casein, BCAA's, Glutamine, NO products? Charles Glass - Mr. World / IFBB PRO Senior Executive Vice President Personal Trainers Association (PROPTA) PROPTA Master Trainer about Recov Bipeptides This is the best protein supplement I ever tried

More information

Dietary supplements and nutrition in sports and exercices performance

Dietary supplements and nutrition in sports and exercices performance Dietary supplements and nutrition in sports and exercices performance Nutrition for endurance sports The most likely contributors to fatigue during an endurance exercise are dehydration and carbohydrates

More information

Composition of Skeletal Muscle. Unit 6 Muscular System. 8.2 Structure of Skeletal Muscle. Functions of the Muscular System 12/7/2009

Composition of Skeletal Muscle. Unit 6 Muscular System. 8.2 Structure of Skeletal Muscle. Functions of the Muscular System 12/7/2009 Unit 6 Muscular System Mrs. Michaelsen Chetek High School Composition of Skeletal Muscle A. Skeletal muscle is an composed of several tissue types. 1. muscle tissue 2. tissue 3. vessels 4. tissues http://www.eicsd.k12.ny.us/schools/ems/sjf/spring2006/kelly-

More information

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Exam Name SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 9.1 Using Figure 9.1, match the following: 1) Endomysium. 2) Fascicle. 3) The tissue

More information

Drugs in Sport. Fifth Edition. Edited by David R. Mottram. Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK

Drugs in Sport. Fifth Edition. Edited by David R. Mottram. Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK Drugs in Sport Fifth Edition Edited by David R. Mottram Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK Contents Contributors xv SECTION I The basis for and regulation of drug use in sport I 1 An

More information

PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS L I S A C O H E N, P H A R M. D., C D E, C D O E, C V D O E A S S O C I A T E P R O F E S S O R O F P H A R M A C Y P R A C T I C E DISCLOSURES I have no financial relationship

More information

Formally known as anabolic steroids or anabolic-androgenic steroids, but they are sometimes called 'roids', 'gear' or 'juice'.

Formally known as anabolic steroids or anabolic-androgenic steroids, but they are sometimes called 'roids', 'gear' or 'juice'. Steroids What are steroids? Steroids are drugs that help the growth and repair of muscle tissue. They are synthetic hormones that imitate male sex hormones, specifically testosterone. Steroids can increase

More information

Physiology and Training for Peak Performance Tom Vandenbogaerde, Australian Institute of Sport

Physiology and Training for Peak Performance Tom Vandenbogaerde, Australian Institute of Sport Physiology and Training for Peak Performance Tom Vandenbogaerde, Australian Institute of Sport Presentation Overview: ~50 min: Snapshot of Training Week, discuss anticipated physiological adaptations ~20

More information

May 2008 Presented by: Heather Hynes, B.Sc.(Nutr.), M.Sc. (Candidate), RD Sports Nutrition Consultant Sport Medicine and Science Council of

May 2008 Presented by: Heather Hynes, B.Sc.(Nutr.), M.Sc. (Candidate), RD Sports Nutrition Consultant Sport Medicine and Science Council of May 2008 Presented by: Heather Hynes, B.Sc.(Nutr.), M.Sc. (Candidate), RD Sports Nutrition Consultant Sport Medicine and Science Council of Saskatchewan This presentation is being brought to you by: :

More information

ARE YOU A SLOW- OR A FAST-TWITCH RUNNER?

ARE YOU A SLOW- OR A FAST-TWITCH RUNNER? ARE YOU A SLOW- OR A FAST-TWITCH RUNNER? How can we individualize our training towards our different goals based on our muscular makeup? In this article you will learn how to decide if you are a Fast-twitch,

More information

Heading: Critical Question 3: What Ethical issues are related to improving performance

Heading: Critical Question 3: What Ethical issues are related to improving performance Syllabus Critical Question 3 Heading: Critical Question 3: What Ethical issues are related to improving performance Heading: Use of Drugs Doping is the practice of using artificial substances or methods

More information

Androgenes and Antiandrogenes

Androgenes and Antiandrogenes Androgenes and Antiandrogenes Androgens The androgens are a group of steroids that have anabolic and/or masculinizing effects in both males and females. Testosterone [tess-toss-terone], the most important

More information

Robert Perlstein, M.D. Medical Officer. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. U.S. Food & Drug Administration

Robert Perlstein, M.D. Medical Officer. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. U.S. Food & Drug Administration -------------------- Robert Perlstein, M.D. Medical Officer Center for Drug Evaluation and Research U.S. Food & Drug Administration -------------------- Sentencing of Food and Drug Offenses Before the

More information

Are Steroids Worth the Risk?

Are Steroids Worth the Risk? Are Steroids Worth the Risk? Dominic has baseball on the brain. Just being good isn't enough he wants to be the best. He dreams of playing in the majors someday, but worries about the intense competition

More information

Vector Rope Trainer Cardiovascular Program Fitness Level: GENERAL

Vector Rope Trainer Cardiovascular Program Fitness Level: GENERAL Cardiovascular Program Fitness Level: GENERAL These are exercise options. Mix and match as preferred during each workout session. Frequency: Two to three days per week Start with 3 minutes of light pace

More information

Creatine Versus Anabolic Steroids. Over the past few years, many athletes have been using performance-enhancing

Creatine Versus Anabolic Steroids. Over the past few years, many athletes have been using performance-enhancing Hester 1 Kyle Hester Instructor s Name ENGL 1013 Date Creatine Versus Anabolic Steroids Over the past few years, many athletes have been using performance-enhancing supplements on a regular basis. Two

More information

Homepage

Homepage was written to help you achieve a lean, healthy muscular body, a more youthful appearance and a happier, sexier disposition with sensible tips and strategies. Proceed with the suggestions in this e-book

More information

Creatine. Travis Harvey, PhD, CSCS

Creatine. Travis Harvey, PhD, CSCS Creatine Travis Harvey, PhD, CSCS Overview This is not exhaustive it s applicable Disclaimer BLUF Myths Legends Protective effects Move, Shoot, Communicate Bottom Line Collectively, results from these

More information

College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal 2010 Volume 6, Number 1

College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal 2010 Volume 6, Number 1 The Effects Of Caffeine On Athletic Performance Larry W. McDaniel, Dakota State University, USA Kyle McIntire, Dakota State University, USA Carmyn Streitz, Dakota State University, USA Allen Jackson, Chadron

More information

Dr Chris Ward Manchester Royal Infirmary

Dr Chris Ward Manchester Royal Infirmary Dr Chris Ward Manchester Royal Infirmary Overheard at the gym: a clinician s overview of interactions/toxicities of commonly used drugs: Non steroids Dr Chris Ward Consultant Genitourinary Medicine The

More information

Drugs & Exercise. Lesson. By Carone Fitness

Drugs & Exercise. Lesson. By Carone Fitness Lesson Drugs & Exercise By Carone Fitness Being physically fit and using drugs just don t mix. Unfortunately, there are some athletes that do use drugs for recreation or to enhance performance. There are

More information

Introduction to the Doping Problem

Introduction to the Doping Problem Introduction to the Doping Problem Jordi Segura Director, WADA Accredited Antidoping Laboratory, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain Doping and Society: towards the perfect human machine? ESOF, Barcelona

More information

Learning Goals. What are steroids? Who uses steroids? Why do people use steroids? What are the health risks associated with using steroids?

Learning Goals. What are steroids? Who uses steroids? Why do people use steroids? What are the health risks associated with using steroids? Learning Goals What are steroids? Who uses steroids? Why do people use steroids? What are the health risks associated with using steroids? Performance Enhancing Drugs Nutritional Aids Pharmacological Aids

More information

Muscular Factors Muscular Factors

Muscular Factors Muscular Factors 2014 IDEA World Fitness Convention Running Secrets to Success: Skills and Drills for Trainers Jason Karp, Ph.D. Run-Fit.com 2011 IDEA Personal Trainer of the Year Cardiovascular Factors Cardiac output

More information

2011 PROHIBITED DRUG CLASSES AND METHODS. Dr Nicolas Theron Loch Logan Waterfront Sport and Travel Medicine Centre Tel :

2011 PROHIBITED DRUG CLASSES AND METHODS. Dr Nicolas Theron Loch Logan Waterfront Sport and Travel Medicine Centre Tel : 2011 PROHIBITED DRUG CLASSES AND METHODS Dr Nicolas Theron Loch Logan Waterfront Sport and Travel Medicine Centre Tel : 051-4481389 Doping is defined as the administration of substances belonging to prohibited

More information

Following an Olympics shadowed by the Russian

Following an Olympics shadowed by the Russian CEUQuiz Performance Enhancing Drugs Scandals, Oversite and Advancement Following an Olympics shadowed by the Russian performance enhancing drug (PED) scandal, banned substances once again reach the forefront

More information

RESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE

RESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE RESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE Respiration Respiration delivery of oxygen to and removal of carbon dioxide from the tissue External respiration ventilation and exchange of gases in the lung Internal

More information

Doping in Sports: Catching and Preventing It An Expert Interview With Gary I. Wadler, MD

Doping in Sports: Catching and Preventing It An Expert Interview With Gary I. Wadler, MD Doping in Sports: Catching and Preventing It An Expert Interview With Gary I. Wadler, MD Carol Peckham; Gary I. Wadler, MD As part of our coverage of the 2012 Olympics, Medscape interviewed Gary I. Wadler,

More information

Growth Hormone s Impact as a Safe Ergogenic Aid to Increase Body Size

Growth Hormone s Impact as a Safe Ergogenic Aid to Increase Body Size Growth Hormone s Impact as a Safe Ergogenic Aid to Increase Body Size Point Argument: Growth Hormone is a Safe Ergogenic Aid to Increase Body Size Monica Chauhan Carissa Eastwood Emily Lefler Mar. 28,

More information

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Anabolic Androgenic Steroids 1 / 6 2 / 6 3 / 6 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids What are anabolic steroids? Anabolic steroids are synthetic, or human-made, variations of the male sex hormone testosterone.

More information

Fair Competition and Drug Control

Fair Competition and Drug Control Fair Competition and Drug Control Speaker: Dr. Yves Bonnaire General Manager, Laboratoire des Course Hippiques Dr Yves BONNAIRE Advisory Council LOGO PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES an update. PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES

More information

Training Tip of the Week. MILK: It does the body builder good!

Training Tip of the Week. MILK: It does the body builder good! Training Tip of the Week MILK: It does the body builder good! Believe it or not, milk has a great combination of the right nutrients that helps an athlete recover after a heavy competition or work-out.

More information

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS?

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS? EWF Coaching & Scientific Seminar, Dublin, 7/8 Oct 2016 WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS? Dr Mike Irani Chairman IWF Medical Committee and TUE Committee (IWF Drug Hearing Panel) Distinction

More information

TESTOFEN HUMAN CLINICAL TRIAL GENCOR PACIFIC, INC. Copyright 2006 by Gencor Pacific, Inc.

TESTOFEN HUMAN CLINICAL TRIAL GENCOR PACIFIC, INC. Copyright 2006 by Gencor Pacific, Inc. GENCOR PACIFIC, INC. 920 E. Orangethorpe Avenue, Suite B, Anaheim, CA 92801 Ph: 714.870.8723 714.870.8724 efax: 732.875.0306 drjit@gencorpacific.com gita@gencorpacific.com www.gencorpacific.com TESTOFEN

More information

AUGUST, Sport is. What is doping? Page 2. Can sport be free? Page 3. How disabillities impact the access to sports? Page 4. + the Test!

AUGUST, Sport is. What is doping? Page 2. Can sport be free? Page 3. How disabillities impact the access to sports? Page 4. + the Test! Sport is What is doping? Page 2 Can sport be free? Page 3 How disabillities impact the access to sports? Page 4 + the Test! Page 5 1 What is Doping? In competitive sports, doping refers to the use of forbidden

More information

Psychology. Psychology & Performance Enhancing Substances. The Ideal Performance State. Relationship Between Confidence and Athletic Performance

Psychology. Psychology & Performance Enhancing Substances. The Ideal Performance State. Relationship Between Confidence and Athletic Performance Psychology & Performance Enhancing Substances Psychology The Ideal Performance State Absence of fear no fear of failure No thinking about or analysis of performance Narrow focus of attention concentrated

More information

Updates on Anti-doping and TUE Management in Paralympic Sport

Updates on Anti-doping and TUE Management in Paralympic Sport International Paralympic Committee Updates on Anti-doping and TUE Management in Paralympic Sport Matthew Fedoruk, Ph.D. March 15, 2018 PyeongChang 2018 IPC Medical / Sports Science Committee Workshops

More information

Anadrol For Sale Oxymetholone

Anadrol For Sale Oxymetholone Anadrol For Sale Anadrol 50, a brand name for the chemical oxymetholone (C 12 H 32 O 3 ), is a powerful anabolic steroid that most people still refer to as simply Anadrol. Anadrol reviews are usually positive,

More information

Unpacking Interval. Lisa A. Workman

Unpacking Interval. Lisa A. Workman Unpacking Interval Training Lisa A. Workman Sunday, September 24, 2017 Overview History Exercise Physiology 101 The Three Energy Systems Training Continuum Types of Intervals Benefits History Joe Binks

More information

Creatine Monohydrate

Creatine Monohydrate Creatine Monohydrate How To Maximize Muscle Mass Gains Copyright 1998 Griffin Publishing Www.drugfreebodybuilding.com Page 1 Creatine Monohydrate In recent years, the most beneficial advancement in sports

More information

Alcohol & Supplements and U16

Alcohol & Supplements and U16 Alcohol & Supplements and U16 Alcohol linked to sport in the post-event or post training binge drinking 20% is absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach and the remainder through the small intestine

More information

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination June Optimising Performance and Evaluating Contemporary Issues within Sport

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination June Optimising Performance and Evaluating Contemporary Issues within Sport General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination June 2014 Physical Education PHED3 Unit 3 Optimising Performance and Evaluating Contemporary Issues within Sport Monday 9 June 2014 1.30 pm to

More information

PRODUCT INFORMATION TESTOVIRON DEPOT. (testosterone enanthate)

PRODUCT INFORMATION TESTOVIRON DEPOT. (testosterone enanthate) PRODUCT INFORMATION TESTOVIRON DEPOT (testosterone enanthate) NAME OF THE MEDICINE Testosterone enanthate is designated chemically as 17 beta-heptanoyloxy-4-androstene-3- one. The empirical formula of

More information

The term ergogenic stems from the Greek roots

The term ergogenic stems from the Greek roots 164 Bulletin Hospital for Joint Diseases Volume 61, Numbers 3 & 4 2003-2004 Athletic Ergogenic Aids Adam Bernstein, M.D., Jordan Safirstein, M.D., and Jeffrey E. Rosen, M.D. The term ergogenic stems from

More information

LEADING DRUG FREE SPORT

LEADING DRUG FREE SPORT Outstanding leaders go out of their way to boost the self-esteem of their personnel. If people believe in themselves, it's amazing what they can accomplish. Sam Walton LEADING DRUG FREE SPORT A Values

More information

Special Updated 2005 Edition The World's Most Authoritative Creatine User's Guide DANIEL GASTELU Sports Nutrition Expert

Special Updated 2005 Edition The World's Most Authoritative Creatine User's Guide DANIEL GASTELU Sports Nutrition Expert Special Updated 2005 Edition ONLY $24.95 The World's Most Authoritative Creatine User's Guide DANIEL GASTELU Sports Nutrition Expert IMPORTANT NOTICE This book is not intended for use as a substitute for

More information

Physical Education PHED3. Optimising Performance and Evaluating Contemporary Issues within Sport

Physical Education PHED3. Optimising Performance and Evaluating Contemporary Issues within Sport A General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination June 2014 Physical Education Unit 3 Optimising Performance and Evaluating Contemporary Issues within Sport PHED3 Monday 9 June 2014 1.30 pm

More information

Apart from the obvious health risks, why are sports performers advised not to smoke? ...

Apart from the obvious health risks, why are sports performers advised not to smoke? ... Questions Q1. Apart from the obvious health risks, why are sports performers advised not to smoke? Q2. Several different categories of performance enhancing drugs are listed in the table below. Anabolic

More information

How to do?? Periodisation (Definition from HARRE, based on MATWEJEW) Training Load and Fatigue Interaction in Periodization

How to do?? Periodisation (Definition from HARRE, based on MATWEJEW) Training Load and Fatigue Interaction in Periodization Sportwissenschaftliche Fakultät Institut BTW der Sportarten Faculty of Sport Science Institute for Movement and Training Science in Sports Periodisation (Definition from HARRE, based on MATWEJEW) 4 th

More information

Antiduretic Hormone, Growth. Hormone & Anabolic Steroids

Antiduretic Hormone, Growth. Hormone & Anabolic Steroids Goudarz Sadeghi, DVM, PhD, DSc Associate Professor of Pharmacology University of Tehran Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Pharmacology Endocrine System Antiduretic Hormone, Growth Hormone & Anabolic

More information

DOPING-AS A CANCER OF SPORTSPERSON

DOPING-AS A CANCER OF SPORTSPERSON DOPING-AS A CANCER OF SPORTSPERSON 1 Archana Shete 2 Dr. Mane Manohar 3 Amit Kadam 1 M.P.Ed.-I, Dept. of Physical Education, University of Mumbai, Maharashtra India 2 Asst. Prof., Dept of Physical Education,

More information

White Paper for Cyclocreatine. Prepared by Darryn S. Willoughby, Ph.D.

White Paper for Cyclocreatine. Prepared by Darryn S. Willoughby, Ph.D. White Paper for Cyclocreatine Prepared by 1 Background Creatine [N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methyl glycine or methylglycocyamine] is a nonessential, amino-acidlike dietary compound found in small quantities

More information

Adverse effects of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse on gonadal function, glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular function

Adverse effects of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse on gonadal function, glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular function Adverse effects of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse on gonadal function, glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular function Associate Professor Caroline Kistorp, Ph.D Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev

More information

Pharmacotherapy of Metabolic Modulation in Acute Burns Mitchell J Daley, PharmD, FCCM, BCPS

Pharmacotherapy of Metabolic Modulation in Acute Burns Mitchell J Daley, PharmD, FCCM, BCPS Pharmacotherapy of Metabolic Modulation in Acute Burns Mitchell J Daley, PharmD, FCCM, BCPS Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Critical Care Dell Seton Medical Center at the University of Texas and Seton Healthcare

More information

Fatigue Determines Endurance Performance: The Training Application

Fatigue Determines Endurance Performance: The Training Application Fatigue Determines Endurance Performance: The Training Application USTFCCCA Endurance Symposium 2015 Don t let fatigue make a coward out of you. Steve Prefontaine Runner Outline Of San Antonio Fatigue

More information

MONKEY ASSIMILATE STUDY 1

MONKEY ASSIMILATE STUDY 1 MONKEY ASSIMILATE STUDY 1 PROCEDURES FOR STUDY Six healthy, lean, adult males volunteered for this study. None of the participants were following any particular protein-rich dietary regime, muscle-toning

More information

IN January this year, an Indian

IN January this year, an Indian Drugs in Sports VIVEK SHARMA Not all athletes play by the rulebook. Many resort to drugs to enhance their performances. Apart from ethical implications of these substances there are serious potential negative

More information

Meat proteins. Levels of complexity. Levels of complexity Myofibrils C, H, O, N. Amino acids. Myofibrils. Muscle fiber.

Meat proteins. Levels of complexity. Levels of complexity Myofibrils C, H, O, N. Amino acids. Myofibrils. Muscle fiber. Meat proteins Levels of complexity C, H, O, N Amino acids Actin Myosin Thin filaments Thick filaments Myofibrils Levels of complexity Myofibrils Muscle fiber Primary bundle Secondary bundle Muscle Changes

More information

SWIMMING SCIENCE BULLETIN

SWIMMING SCIENCE BULLETIN The Mechanisms of Ultra-short Training 1 SWIMMING SCIENCE BULLETIN Number 45g Produced, edited, and copyrighted by Professor Emeritus Brent S. Rushall, San Diego State University THE MECHANISMS OF ULTRA-SHORT

More information

Dr Tarza Jamal Pharmacology Lecture 2

Dr Tarza Jamal Pharmacology Lecture 2 Contraceptives and androgen hormone Contraceptives: Currently, interference with ovulation is the most common pharmacologic intervention for preventing pregnancy. Major classes of contraceptives 1. Combination

More information

Stroke Mechanics. Contents. Preface Foreword by George Raines. xix xxi. PART One

Stroke Mechanics. Contents. Preface Foreword by George Raines. xix xxi. PART One SWIMMING FASTER Preface Foreword by George Raines xix xxi Introductions Historical Perspective PART One Stroke Mechanics CHAPTER 1 The Hydrodynamics ot Competitive Swimming Strokes Lift Aerodynamic Lift

More information

PDHPE HSC Enrichment Days

PDHPE HSC Enrichment Days PDHPE HSC Enrichment Days Option - Improving Performance The Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs and Drug Testing Page 89 The Syllabus Says - Slide 2 Activity 1: Write as many key terms you can remember

More information

CERTIFIED MEN S HEALTH COUNSELOR ONLINE COURSE: SESSION 3 ATHLETIC SAFETY

CERTIFIED MEN S HEALTH COUNSELOR ONLINE COURSE: SESSION 3 ATHLETIC SAFETY CERTIFIED MEN S HEALTH COUNSELOR ONLINE COURSE: SESSION 3 ATHLETIC SAFETY Performance-Enhancing Drugs: Know the Most serious athletes will tell you that the competitive drive to win can be fierce. Besides

More information

Supplement Performance By Anssi Manninen, MHS. Bodybuilding Supplements: Best of Research

Supplement Performance By Anssi Manninen, MHS. Bodybuilding Supplements: Best of Research Supplement Performance By Anssi Manninen, MHS Bodybuilding Supplements: Best of Research Ephedrine and Athletic Performance The purpose of the study by Dr. Douglass Bell and colleagues was to investigate

More information

Gases and Respiration. Respiration Overview I

Gases and Respiration. Respiration Overview I Respiration Overview I Respiration Overview II Gas Laws Equation of State: PV = nrt Same volumes of different gases have same # of molecules BTPS: body temp, atmospheric pressure, saturated ATPS: ambient

More information

Diana Heiman, MD Associate Professor, Family Medicine Residency Director East Tennessee State University

Diana Heiman, MD Associate Professor, Family Medicine Residency Director East Tennessee State University Diana Heiman, MD Associate Professor, Family Medicine Residency Director East Tennessee State University Objectives Introduce governing bodies in sport Review banned and restricted substances Discuss therapeutic

More information

4/10/2016 PERFORMANCE DIETITIAN PERFORMANCE COAH EDUCATION SPECIALIST

4/10/2016 PERFORMANCE DIETITIAN PERFORMANCE COAH EDUCATION SPECIALIST 2 1 4 PERFORMANCE DIETITIAN PERFORMANCE COAH EDUCATION SPECIALIST 5 2 7 ELITE ATHLETES CORPORATE Over 20 professional teams globally Over 60 medal performances in the 2012 Summer Olympics (6 th Place if

More information

Talent. Motivation Training. What makes a great athlete? Data from elite athletes. Trainability Avoiding injury. In other words...

Talent. Motivation Training. What makes a great athlete? Data from elite athletes. Trainability Avoiding injury. In other words... 08/09/2017 Making decisions about supplement use Ron Maughan St Andrews University Scotland Seminar Targalt toidulisanditest IOC Conference on Dietary Supplements and the Elite Athlete 31. augustil kell

More information

Training plans. 5k 10k Half Marathon. Beginner 33 mins 1 hour 8 mins 2 hours 30 mins. Intermediate 26 mins 54 mins 2 hours

Training plans. 5k 10k Half Marathon. Beginner 33 mins 1 hour 8 mins 2 hours 30 mins. Intermediate 26 mins 54 mins 2 hours Training tips Running 15 miles cross-city is a different kind of challenge. So we ve designed a training plan to whip you into the shape of your life, and to help you tackle anything the city throws at

More information

Author of: The Six-Pack Diet Plan: The Secrets to Getting Lean Abs and a Rock-Hard Body Permanently

Author of: The Six-Pack Diet Plan: The Secrets to Getting Lean Abs and a Rock-Hard Body Permanently Interview with Rehan Jalali, President, Supplement Research Foundation Author of: The Six-Pack Diet Plan: The Secrets to Getting Lean Abs and a Rock-Hard Body Permanently Background Information: According

More information

Drugs and Ethics in Sport

Drugs and Ethics in Sport Drugs and Ethics in Sport Ethics the practice of making principled choices between right and wrong explicitly reflecting on moral beliefs and practices Principles for an Ethical Framework Respect Basic

More information

THE BEST JUST GOT BETTER PRODUCT BROCHURE

THE BEST JUST GOT BETTER PRODUCT BROCHURE THE BEST JUST GOT BETTER PRODUCT BROCHURE WWW.SUPPLEMENTSSA.EU OUR STORY SUPPLEMENTS SA EUROPE is the first corporate European online sales channel from the world renowned supplements company Supplements

More information

The Science of. NUTRICULA Longevity Journal

The Science of. NUTRICULA Longevity Journal 32 December, 2011 The Science of 33 NUTRICULA Longevity Journal As men age, there is often a decline in libido and sexual function. This decline frequently interferes in intimacy within romantic relationships,

More information

Scott Brickett ATC, LAT Assistant Athletic Director for Sports Medicine University of Tampa

Scott Brickett ATC, LAT Assistant Athletic Director for Sports Medicine University of Tampa Scott Brickett ATC, LAT Assistant Athletic Director for Sports Medicine University of Tampa Meriam and Webster Definition Supplement- something that is added to something else in order to make it complete

More information

Researcher 2018;10(1) Study of the shuttle movement of blood lactate in athletes. Dr.

Researcher 2018;10(1)   Study of the shuttle movement of blood lactate in athletes. Dr. Study of the shuttle movement of blood lactate in athletes Dr. Nawaf Alshammari Associate professor, Ph.D. College of Basiuwaitc education, Kuwait. dr.nawaf_@hotmail.com Abstract: The bioenergy study is

More information

Pco2 *20times = 0.6, 2.4, so the co2 carried in the arterial blood in dissolved form is more than the o2 because of its solubility.

Pco2 *20times = 0.6, 2.4, so the co2 carried in the arterial blood in dissolved form is more than the o2 because of its solubility. Physiology, sheet #9 Oxygen, is first dissolved in the plasma and the cytosol of the rbc, we have around blood constitutes 7% of our body weight, oxygen, in the capillaries is present in the rbc s and

More information

BPK 312 Nutrition for Fitness & Sport Lecture 6

BPK 312 Nutrition for Fitness & Sport Lecture 6 BPK 312 Nutrition for Fitness & Sport Lecture 6 Pharmacologic and Chemical Ergogenic Aids 1. Learning Objectives 2. Definition of Ergogenic Aids & Scope 3. History of Ergogenic Aids 4. Functional Foods,

More information

Growth Hormone & Somatotropin are an Ergogenic Aid

Growth Hormone & Somatotropin are an Ergogenic Aid Growth Hormone & Somatotropin are an Ergogenic Aid BPK 312 MARCH 28 2017 MICHAEL MORKOS PAUL SOURIAL DEL INGVALDSON Table of Contents 1. Hypothesis 2. Clinical Use 3. Mechanism of Action 4. Growth hormone

More information

Use of Ergogenic Aids by Athletes

Use of Ergogenic Aids by Athletes Use of Ergogenic Aids by Athletes Marc D. Silver, MD Abstract Ergogenic aid is defined as any means of enhancing energy utilization, including energy production, control, and efficiency. Athletes frequently

More information

Creatine: More than a sports nutrition supplement

Creatine: More than a sports nutrition supplement http://www.lef.org/ LE Magazine March 2003 Creatine: More than a sports nutrition supplement Although creatine offers an array of benefits, most people think of it simply as a supplement that bodybuilders

More information

Q1. Which activity is most likely to use aerobic respiration for energy?

Q1. Which activity is most likely to use aerobic respiration for energy? Q1. Which activity is most likely to use aerobic respiration for energy? 10 km cross country run Vault in gymnastics Shot put Jumping to block a shot in basketball (Total 1 mark) Q. All of the following

More information

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 4

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 4 Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 4 64 minutes 64 marks Page of 0 Q. (a) The table shows an athlete s breathing rate after the end of a race. Use the information shown in the table to draw a line

More information

Secrets of Abang Sado : Effects of testosterone therapy. Azraai Nasruddin

Secrets of Abang Sado : Effects of testosterone therapy. Azraai Nasruddin + Secrets of Abang Sado : Effects of testosterone therapy Azraai Nasruddin + Testosterone Testosterone : Steroid hormone - Made primarily by the testicles in males - Small amounts produced by the adrenal

More information