The Muscular System. Biology 105 Lecture 12 Chapter 6
|
|
- Kelley Greene
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Muscular System Biology 105 Lecture 12 Chapter 6
2 Outline I. Characteristics of muscles II. Three types of muscles III. Functions of muscles IV. Structure of skeletal muscles V. Mechanics of muscle contraction VI. Energy source for muscle contraction
3 Muscular System Recall there are different types of muscles: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. All muscle cells are elongated, and therefore are called muscle fibers. All muscle tissues contract. Muscles contain muscle fibers, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
4 Smooth Muscle Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles found in the walls of many internal organs (digestive tract, respiratory system, blood vessels). They aid in the function of other organs.
5 Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles found only in the heart wall. They function by contracting, which forces blood from the heart into the arteries.
6 Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles attached to the skeleton. They usually work in pairs.
7
8 Skeletal Muscles Work in Pairs Most skeletal muscles work in antagonistic pairs: One muscle contracts, while the other relaxes. Muscles are attached to the bone by tendons. Skeletal muscles are usually attached to two bones on opposite sides of a joint.
9 Skeletal Muscles Work in Pairs The origin of the muscle is attached to the bone that remains stationary during movement. The insertion is attached to the bone that moves. Bones act as levers in working with skeletal muscles to produce movement.
10 Skeletal Muscles Work in Pairs Origin of muscle: attachment of muscle to less moveable bone The biceps contracts and pulls the forearm up, flexing the arm. The relaxed triceps is stretched. (a) Flexion Insertion of muscle: attachment of muscle to more moveable bone Figure 6.1a
11 Functions of Skeletal Muscles 1. Support the body maintain posture 2. Movement of bones and other tissues 3. Help maintain a constant body temperature generate heat 4. Help move blood through the veins and lymphatic fluid through the lymphatic vessels 5. Help to protect vital organs and stabilize joints
12 Structure of Skeletal Muscles Muscles are covered by connective tissue called fascia. A muscle contains bundles of skeletal muscle fibers (muscle cells): The bundles are called fascicles. These bundles are covered by connective tissue. Blood vessels and nerves are between the fascicles.
13 Structure of Skeletal Muscles Skeletal muscle consists of many bundles of muscle cells. A bundle of muscle cells is called a fascicle. A muscle cell consists of many myofibrils. (a) A section of a skeletal muscle The striped (striated) appearance of a skeletal muscle cell is due to the regular arrangement of myofilaments. (b) A light micrograph of a longitudinal view of skeletal muscle cells Figure 6.3a b
14 Muscle Cell Components Muscle cells (muscle fibers) have many of the same components as typical cells, but some of their components have different names Sarcolemma plasma membrane (cell membrane). Sarcoplasm similar to cytoplasm, and contains large amounts of stored glycogen and myoglobin. Myoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein similar to hemoglobin, but found only in muscles. Sarcoplasmic reticulum similar to endoplasmic reticulum, and functions as a Ca 2+ store.
15 Muscle Cell Components Muscle fibers also have unique features: Multiple nuclei Transverse tubules (T tubules) extensions of the sarcolemma that come into contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
16
17 c. myofibril a. T tubule b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum d. Z line e. sarcomere f. sarcolemma
18 Muscle Cells (Fibers) The muscle fiber is composed of long, thin myofibrils. Myofibrils are bundles of myofilaments that contract: There are two types of myofilaments: actin and myosin.
19 Muscle Contraction A sarcomere is the name for the structural unit of these myofilaments. When you look at the myofibril, the sarcomere lies between two dark lines called Z lines: The Z lines are protein sheets where the actin filaments attach. When muscle fibers are stimulated to contract, myofilaments slide past one another, causing sarcomeres to shorten.
20 Sarcomeres The striped (striated) appearance of a skeletal muscle cell is due to the regular arrangement of myofilaments. (b) A light micrograph of a longitudinal view of skeletal muscle cells Z line One sarcomere (c) A diagram and electron micrograph of a myofibril Figure 6.3b c
21 Sarcomeres Z line One sarcomere (c) A diagram and electron micrograph of a myofibril Z line One sarcomere Z line Actin Myosin (d) A sarcomere, the contractile unit of a skeletal muscle, contains actin and myosin myofilaments. Figure 6.3c d
22 Myofilaments Actin and Myosin The two myofilaments are: Actin filaments: thin filaments that are formed by two intertwining strands of the protein actin. Myosin filaments: thick filaments of the protein myosin that are shaped like a golf club with a round head. The myosin heads can bind and detach from the thin actin filament. When bound, they create cross-bridges.
23 Muscle Contraction A neuron signals the muscle to contract. The myosin heads attach to the actin, and then pull the actin toward the center of the sarcomere. The myosin heads detach.
24
25 Sarcomeres Shorten During Muscle Contraction Figure 6.4
26 Steps of Muscle Contraction 1. Action potentials are transmitted through the neurons. 2. At the end of the neurons, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft. 3. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the sarcolemma.
27 Neuromuscular Junction Figure 6.7 (1 of 2)
28 Steps of Muscle Contraction 4. These receptors are ion channels that open. 5. An action potential travels through the T tubules of the muscle fiber. 6. The action potential goes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 7. The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca 2+.
29
30 Steps of Muscle Contraction 8. The calcium binds to the troponin on the actin filament. 9. This uncovers the binding site for the myosin to attach. 10.Now the myosin binds to the actin. 11.ATP is needed for the myosin to slide past the actin.
31 Sarcomeres Figure 6.6 (1 of 2)
32 Sarcomeres Figure 6.6 (2 of 2)
33 Tropomyosin-Troponin Complex The tropomyosin-troponin complex is attached to the actin filament. Calcium binds to the troponin, causing a shift in the complex, which opens the sites for myosin to attach.
34 A bundle of muscle cells is called a: 1. Fascicle 2. Fascia 3. Muscle fiber 33% 33% 33%
35 What is the oxygen-binding protein found only in muscles? 1. Myosin 2. Actin 3. Hemoglobin 4. Myoglobin 25% 25% 25% 25% Myosin Actin Hemoglobin Myoglobin
36 Which ion is required for the myofilaments to bind to each other? 1. Potassium 2. Calcium 3. Chloride 4. Sodium 25% 25% 25% 25% Potassium Calcium Chloride Sodium
37 Where is the calcium stored? 1. Nucleus 2. Sarcolemma 3. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 33% 33% 33% Nucleus Sarcolemma Sarcoplasmic reticulum
38 ATP is needed for the myofilaments to slide past each other
39 ATP ATP is the energy currency like money in the bank! The bonds between the phosphate groups are high energy bonds.
40 The Energy Sources Muscle contractions take a lot of energy in the form of ATP. Muscles get their ATP from three sources: 1. Breakdown of creatine phosphate 2. Cellular respiration 3. Fermentation
41 1. Creatine Phosphate Creatine phosphate regenerates ADP to make ATP. This gives quick energy for a few seconds (up to 30 seconds). Only 1 ATP is produced per creatine phosphate. Oxygen is not needed. When a muscle is resting, the ATP in turn regenerates creatine phosphate.
42 2. Cellular Respiration In the mitochondria, glucose is broken down to produce ATP. Remember that oxygen is needed for the electron transport chain to produce ATP. Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product during the Krebs Cycle of cellular respiration. Can provide energy for hours. Produces 36 ATP per glucose molecule. Can use glucose, as well as fatty acids and amino acids, for the energy source.
43 3. Fermentation This is when the cell only uses glycolysis, and glucose is broken down to lactic acid. Since the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain are skipped, no oxygen is required. No CO 2 is produced as a waste product, but lactic acid is produced. Can provide energy for seconds. Only 2 ATP produced per glucose molecule.
44 ATP Comes from Many Sources Figure 6.10
45 CP Breakdown Cellular Respiration Fermentation Requires O 2 No Yes No Produces No Yes No CO 2 # ATP produced Duration 30 sec Hours sec
46 Which energy source would a long-distance runner mainly use on a run that lasted for hours? 1. Fermentation 2. Cellular respiration 3. Creatine phosphate 25% 25% 25% 25% Fermentation Cellular respiration Creatine Phosphate
47 Which energy source would a sprinter use in the first 5 seconds of the race? 1. Fermentation 2. Cellular respiration 3. Creatine phosphate 25% 25% 25% 25% Fermentation Cellular respiration Creatine Phosphate
48 Important Concepts Read Chapter 6 What are the three types of muscles? Where are they found, and are they under voluntary or involuntary control? What are the functions of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles? How do skeletal muscles work in pairs? What is the function of tendons?
49 Important Concepts What is the overall structure of a muscle? What are the components of a muscle, and of a muscle cell (muscle fiber)? What are the functions of the muscle fiber components? You should be able to identify the muscle fiber components in an illustration, including: myofibrils, sarcomeres, Z lines, myofilaments (actin and myosin filaments), cross-bridges, sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T tubules
50 Important Concepts What stimulates a muscle to contract? You should be able to describe the steps of how the message is transmitted from the neuron to the myofilaments What is the role of Ca 2+? What happens when the message is received by the myofilaments? What are the components and the function of the tropomyosin-troponin complex?
51 Important Concepts What are the three energy sources used for muscle contraction? Which of these require oxygen and which produce carbon dioxide? How many ATP are produced, and how long can each energy source provide energy?
52 Definitions Muscle fiber, myoglobin, fascia, fascicle, myofibril, sarcomere, involuntary, voluntary, origin, insertion
NOTES: The Muscular System (Ch 6, part 1)
NOTES: The Muscular System (Ch 6, part 1) The muscular system consists of three types of muscle tissue: Skeletal Smooth Cardiac STRUCTURE OF A SKELETAL MUSCLE: *Individual muscles are the organs of the
More informationComposition of Skeletal Muscle. Unit 6 Muscular System. 8.2 Structure of Skeletal Muscle. Functions of the Muscular System 12/7/2009
Unit 6 Muscular System Mrs. Michaelsen Chetek High School Composition of Skeletal Muscle A. Skeletal muscle is an composed of several tissue types. 1. muscle tissue 2. tissue 3. vessels 4. tissues http://www.eicsd.k12.ny.us/schools/ems/sjf/spring2006/kelly-
More information*The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
Skeletal Muscle Contraction: Histology: Sarcolemma: *The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber -T- tubules - Terminal Cisternae - Sarcoplasmic Reticulum *Transverse tubules- tube like invaginations or inward
More informationKeyPoint Muscle Physiology
KeyPoint Muscle Physiology Muscle, what it s for and how it works, with mention of skeleton and adipose tissue BAB L7 Food Animal Biotechnology 3 types of muscle Skeletal. Striated, tubular, multinucleated
More information1. A.- 2. B.- 3. C.- 4. D.- 5. E.- Anatomy & Physiology 2A Name: FALL 2015 (Take Home) MINI-EXAM #4. Figure 11.2
Anatomy & Physiology 2A Name: FALL 2015 (Take Home) MINI-EXAM #4 _ Figure 11.2 Using Figure 11.2: Completely define and describe letters A-E in the spaces provided below: 1. A.- 2. B.- 3. C.- 4. D.- 5.
More informationSHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Exam Name SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Figure 9.1 Using Figure 9.1, match the following: 1) Endomysium. 2) Fascicle. 3) The tissue
More informationUnit Five The Muscular System
Unit Five The Muscular System I. Introduction A. Definition: the muscular system is composed of all the muscles of the body including the movements of the total body, as well as movements the body. B.
More informationMuscular System Functions
BMI 04 Skeletal Muscle & Force Generator J F Grosset BMI 04 2014 J F GROSSET 1 Muscular System Functions Body movement (Locomotion) Maintenance of posture Respiration Diaphragm and intercostal contractions
More informationMeat proteins. Levels of complexity. Levels of complexity Myofibrils C, H, O, N. Amino acids. Myofibrils. Muscle fiber.
Meat proteins Levels of complexity C, H, O, N Amino acids Actin Myosin Thin filaments Thick filaments Myofibrils Levels of complexity Myofibrils Muscle fiber Primary bundle Secondary bundle Muscle Changes
More informationNROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 September 1, 2017 Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
NROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 September 1, 2017 Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Contraction Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle Fibers Most skeletal muscle fibers extend the entire length of a muscle, and are
More informationThe process that involves air entering and exiting the lungs is called VENTILATION
Bio 067: Review sections 10-12 Respiration, skeletal, muscular Functions of the respiratory system: The process that involves air entering and exiting the lungs is called VENTILATION Involves: Inhalation
More informationNelson Pages
Nelson Pages 280 309 Biology 20 Unit D: Respiratory and Motor Systems Earth s atmosphere is about: 78 % N2 21 % O2 1 % remaining gases Aerobic organisms require O 2 for cellular respiration Breathing (ventilation).
More informationANSC/FSTC 607 Physiology & Biochemistry of Muscle as a Food Muscle Ultrastructure
Muscle ultrastructure ANSC/FSTC 607 Physiology & Biochemistry of Muscle as a Food Muscle Ultrastructure I. Sarcomeres A. Sarcomeres are the functional units of myofibrils. B. Resting length is 2-3 µm (from
More informationCatabolism in Skeletal Muscle The Phosphagen System
Catabolism in Skeletal Muscle The Phosphagen System Overview of ATP Regeneration Anaerobic vs Aerobic Metabolism Creatine Kinase Reaction Adenylate Kinase Reaction Purine Nucleotide Cycle Creatine Phosphate
More informationARE YOU A SLOW- OR A FAST-TWITCH RUNNER?
ARE YOU A SLOW- OR A FAST-TWITCH RUNNER? How can we individualize our training towards our different goals based on our muscular makeup? In this article you will learn how to decide if you are a Fast-twitch,
More informationMonday, ! Today: Respiratory system! 5/20/14! Transport of Blood! What we ve been covering! Circulatory system! Parts of blood! Heart! tubing!
Monday, 5.19.14! What we ve been covering! Circulatory system! Parts of blood! Heart! tubing! Transport of Blood! What is transported! Nutrients! Oxygen! Carbon Dioxide! Hormones! Antibodies! What it is/does!
More informationCHAPTER XVI PDL 101 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY. Ms. K. GOWRI. M.Pharm., Lecturer.
CHAPTER XVI PDL 101 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Ms. K. GOWRI. M.Pharm., Lecturer. Muscle Cell Metabolism Muscle Cells Provide ATP to Drive the Crossbridge Cycle The sources of ATP: Available ATP in the
More informationAssignments for Life Processes(Respiration)
Assignments for Life Processes(Respiration) 1 Question 1 Why do organisms need food? Organisms need food for obtaining energy to perform the vital functions. Question 2 What is a respiratory substrate?
More informationHuman Biology Respiratory System
Human Biology Respiratory System Respiratory System Responsible for process of breathing Works in cooperation with Circulatory system Three types: 1. Internal Respiration 2. External Respiration 3. Cellular
More informationRespiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 3
Respiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 3 1. The pressure of a gas: a. is inversely proportional to its volume b. is unaffected by temperature changes c. is directly proportional to its volume d. does not
More informationBreathing: The normal rate is about 14 to 20 times a minute. Taking in of air is called Inspiration and the forcing out of air is called Expiration.
Biology 12 Respiration Divisions of Respiration Breathing: entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs External Respiration: exchange of gases(o2 and CO2) between air (in alveoli) and blood Internal
More informationI. Gas Exchange Respiratory Surfaces Respiratory Surface:
I. Gas Exchange Respiratory Surfaces Respiratory Surface: Common characteristics of respiratory surfaces: a) Moist: allows for the RAPID diffusion of dissolved gasses across its surface. Whereas the respiratory
More informationMAHESH TUTORIALS SECTION - A
S.S.C. MAHESH TUTORIALS Test - II Batch : SB Marks : 0 Date : SCIENCE Chapter :,, 4, 6, 0, Time : hr. 5 min. SECTION - A Q.I (A) Rewrite the following statements by choosing the correct option : A lens
More information2) During exhalation Air is cooled due to condensation and loses its moisture, depositing it on lining in trachea and nose
Section 10: The Respiratory System A. Functions of the respiratory system: The organs of the respiratory system make sure oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide leaves the body. 2 stages: Inhalation
More informationPhysiology of Respiration
Physiology of Respiration External Respiration = pulmonary ventilation breathing involves 2 processes: inspiration expiration Inspiration an active process involves contraction of diaphragm innervated
More informationStructures of the Respiratory System include:
Respiratory System Structures of the Respiratory System include: ü Oral Cavity ü Nasal Cavity ü Pharynx ü Epiglottis ü Larynx ü Trachea ü Diaphragm ü Lung ü Bronchus ü Bronchioles ü Alveolus ü Pulmonary
More informationAerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 4
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Revision 4 64 minutes 64 marks Page of 0 Q. (a) The table shows an athlete s breathing rate after the end of a race. Use the information shown in the table to draw a line
More informationHCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 + H H H + Breathing rate is regulated by blood ph and C02. CO2 and Bicarbonate act as a ph Buffer in the blood
Breathing rate is regulated by blood ph and C02 breathing reduces plasma [CO2]; plasma [CO2] increases breathing. When C02 levels are high, breating rate increases to blow off C02 In low C02 conditions,
More informationNORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY. Androgenic-Anabolic Alternatives. A Thesis Submitted to the. University Honors Program. In Partial Fulfillment o f the
NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY Androgenic-Anabolic Alternatives A Thesis Submitted to the University Honors Program In Partial Fulfillment o f the Requirements o f the Baccalaureate Degree With Upper D ivision
More informationChapter 16 Respiratory System
Introduction Chapter 16 Respiratory System The respiratory system consists of tubes that filter incoming air and transport it to alveoli where gases are exchanged. Think pair share: what organs are associated
More informationLife 24 - Blood and Circulation Raven & Johnson Ch 52 & 53 (parts)
1 Life 24 - Blood and Circulation Raven & Johnson Ch 52 & 53 (parts) Objectives 1: Understand the importance of oxygen carrier molecules in respiration 2: Describe the characteristics and locations of
More informationHyndland Secondary School Biology Department
Hyndland Secondary School Biology Department Body in Action Homework and Question Booklet 1 Body in Action (a) Movement... 2 Skeleton... 2 Joints... 3 Body in Action (b) The need for Energy... 5 Heart...
More information3/24/2009 LAB D.HAMMOUDI.MD. 1. Trachea 2. Thoracic wall 3. Lungs 4. Primary bronchi 5. Diaphragm
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY LAB D.HAMMOUDI.MD 1. Trachea 2. Thoracic wall 3. Lungs 4. Primary bronchi 5. Diaphragm 1 KEY WORDS TO KNOW BOYLE S LAW INTERCOSTAL NERVES PHRENIC NERVE DIAPHRAGM EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
More informationOutline - Respiratory System. Function of the respiratory system Parts of the respiratory system Mechanics of breathing Regulation of breathing
Respiratory system Function Outline - Respiratory System I. II. III. IV. Respiratory System The function of the respiratory system is to bring in oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide. Function
More informationHow Animals Survive (Circulation and Gas Exchange)
How Animals Survive (Circulation and Gas Exchange) by Flourence Octaviano on February 16, 2018 lesson duration of 30 minutes under Earth and Life Science generated on February 16, 2018 at 12:45 am Tags:
More informationChapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing
Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing Overview of Pulmonary Circulation o Diffusion of Gases o Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide o Transport of Gases in the Blood
More informationThe diagram shows an alveolus next to a blood capillary in a lung. (a) (i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. diffusion.
BREATHING / GAS EXCHANGE. NAME. Q.Gas exchange takes place in the lungs. The diagram shows an alveolus next to a blood capillary in a lung. The arrows show the movement of two gases, A and B. (a) (i) Draw
More informationName period date assigned date due date returned
Name period date assigned date due date returned procedure 1. Take one balloon and stretch it out 2. Take one deep breath and blow into the balloon until you cannot breath out anymore. Do Not Take A Second
More informationsystem. and then into the tissues. Diffusion of wastes such as Carbon Dioxide from tissues into blood and out of blood into the lungs.
Respiratory System 1.Exchange Why do of we gases breathe? into the Think blood of all and the tissues. reasons Diffusion why we of Oxygen need a respiratory into blood from the lungs system. and then into
More informationGASEOUS EXCHANGE 17 JULY 2013
GASEOUS EXCHANGE 17 JULY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Discuss what is gaseous exchange? Consider requirements of an efficient gaseous exchange surface. Look at diversity in gas exchange systems.
More informationSCIENCE 8 RESPIRATION
SCIENCE 8 RESPIRATION WHEN WE BREATHE, WHAT DO WE BREATHE IN? O2, N2, CO2, O3, NO2 (gas fumes), CO, pollutant, fragrants, toxins, etc. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF BREATHING IN? WHAT DOES OUR BODY WANT? O2 WHY?
More informationChapter 11: Respiratory System Review Assignment
Name: Date: Mark: / 45 Chapter 11: Respiratory System Review Assignment Multiple Choice = 45 Marks Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following
More informationRespiration. The ins and outs
Respiration The ins and outs Functions 1. To bring O 2 into the body and transfer it to the blood stream 2. To remove CO 2 Circulation and respiration work together to achieve these functions Why Do We
More informationInternal Anatomy of Fish
Internal Anatomy of Fish The Systems of a Fish Skeletal System Muscular System Respiratory System Digestive System Circulatory System Nervous System Reproductive System Special Organs Skeletal System
More informationP215 Respiratory System, Part 2
P15 Respiratory System, Part Gas Exchange Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide constant need for oxygen constant production of carbon dioxide exchange (and movement) lung alveoli pulmonary arteries pulmonary capillaries
More informationBIOLOGY 12: UNIT J - CHAPTER 15 - REVIEW WORKSHEET RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
BIOLOGY 12: UNIT J - CHAPTER 15 - REVIEW WORKSHEET RESPIRATORY SYSTEM A. CHAPTER REVIEW 1. Define the four components of respiration. 2. What happens to the air as it moves along the air passages? What
More informationThe table shows the effect of exercise on the action of one person s heart. Heart rate in beats per minute
## (a) The table shows the effect of exercise on the action of one person s heart. At rest During exercise Heart rate in beats per minute 7 165 Volume of blood leaving the heart in each beat in cm 3 Heart
More information08 Respiration. #79 Respiration realeases energy from food
08 Respiration #79 Respiration realeases energy from food Respiration is the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy. In humans, our cells need energy (ATP)
More informationCirculation and Gas Exchange Chapter 42
Circulation and Gas Exchange Chapter 42 Circulatory systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body Diffusion is only efficient over small distances In small and/or thin animals, cells can
More informationExercise 1/Microscopy Dr. Marvin E. Holtz Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab I
Exercise 1/Microscopy Parts of the Microscope (page 1) Each student will locate, identify and familiarize themselves with all of the parts and associated functions for each microscope part listed in the
More informationRecitation question # 05
Recitation and Lab # 05 The goal of this recitations / labs is to review material related to the CV and respiratory lectures for the second test of this course. Info required to answer this recitation
More informationLesson 6 Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift PS 2.2 a,e PS 3.1i
Table of Contents Letter to the Student...................................... 5 Letter to the Family....................................... 6 New York State Performance Standards Correlation Chart.......
More informationRespiration - Human 1
Respiration - Human 1 At the end of the lectures on respiration you should be able to, 1. Describe events in the respiratory processes 2. Discuss the mechanism of lung ventilation in human 3. Discuss the
More informationLesson 9.1: The Importance of an Organ Delivery System
Lesson 9.1: The Importance of an Organ Delivery System Animals require a continuous supply of oxygen (O 2 ) for cellular respiration, and they must expel carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the waste product of this
More information(Slide 1) Lecture Notes: Respiratory System
(Slide 1) Lecture Notes: Respiratory System I. (Slide 2) The Respiratory Tract A) Major structures and regions of the respiratory Tract/Route INTO body 1) nose 2) nasal cavity 3) pharynx 4) glottis 5)
More informationRespiration. Chapter 33
Respiration Chapter 33 Learning Objectives: Understand the basis of gas exchange and factors that influence diffusion of gases in and out of tissues Compare and contrast different respiratory systems among
More informationSection Three Gas transport
Section Three Gas transport Lecture 6: Oxygen transport in blood. Carbon dioxide in blood. Objectives: i. To describe the carriage of O2 in blood. ii. iii. iv. To explain the oxyhemoglobin dissociation
More informationRespiratory System Physiology. Dr. Vedat Evren
Respiratory System Physiology Dr. Vedat Evren Respiration Processes involved in oxygen transport from the atmosphere to the body tissues and the release and transportation of carbon dioxide produced in
More informationS.T.E.M Part 1: Prior Knowledge: Energy and Simple Machines
S.T.E.M. 2016-7 Part 1: Prior Knowledge: Energy and Simple Machines Prior Knowledge: What is Energy? Redefining: energy, force, work and pressure Experiment 1: Floating Ping Pong Ball You need: - Ping
More informationCHAPTER 3: The respiratory system
CHAPTER 3: The respiratory system Practice questions - text book pages 56-58 1) When the inspiratory muscles contract, which one of the following statements is true? a. the size of the thoracic cavity
More informationGas exchange. Tissue cells CO2 CO 2 O 2. Pulmonary capillary. Tissue capillaries
Gas exchange Pulmonary gas exchange Tissue gas exchange CO 2 O 2 O 2 Tissue cells CO2 CO 2 Pulmonary capillary O 2 O 2 CO 2 Tissue capillaries Physical principles of gas exchange Diffusion: continuous
More information2/28/18. Respiratory System. 1 Copyright 2016 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction. Anatomy. Physiology. Respiratory System
Introduction Respiratory System Chapter 28 Respiration: We inhale air, extract oxygen from it, exhale air Cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together Failure of either system: - Disruption of
More informationThe Human Body. Everyone Needs Healthy Systems. Blood Vessels
The Human Body Everyone Needs Healthy Systems There are several systems that make up the human body. Although their functions differ, they all work together to keep your body running smoothly. Some of
More informationVideo. Respiration System. You will use 3 pages of your journal for this lesson. 1. One page for hand written notes onto a journal page
Respiratory System Video Respiration System You will use 3 pages of your journal for this lesson. 1. One page for hand written notes onto a journal page 2. 2 nd page for diagram 3. 3 rd page for chart
More informationThese two respiratory media (air & water) impose rather different constraints on oxygen uptake:
Topic 19: OXYGEN UPTAKE AND TRANSPORT (lectures 29-30) OBJECTIVES: 1. Be able to compare air vs. water as a respiratory medium with respect to oxygen content, diffusion coefficient, viscosity and water
More informationWhat needs to be done to support muscle building in horses? Engage in effective
marstall feeding knowledge Helping your horse build muscles What needs to be done to support muscle building in horses? Engage in effective training, aid your horse with proper feeding, train up and watch
More informationPMT. Smaller species of annelid do not have gills. Explain why these small worms do not need gills to obtain sufficient oxygen
1. There are many different species of annelid worm. Some are very small, only a few millimetres in length. Others, such as lugworms, are much larger. The drawing shows a lugworm and part of one of its
More informationREVISION: GASEOUS EXCHANGE & EXCRETION 11 SEPTEMBER 2013
REVISION: GASEOUS EXCHANGE & EXCRETION 11 SEPTEMBER 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Revise gaseous exchange in different animals and examine the structure of the kidney Key Concepts Important
More informationpep Steroids and athletes: Genes work overtime Pharmacology Education Partnership sites.duke.edu/thepepproject
pep Pharmacology Education Partnership sites.duke.edu/thepepproject Steroids and athletes: Genes work overtime 6 A P r o j e c t F u n d e d b y a S c i e n c e E d u c a t i o n D r u g A b u s e P a
More informationFatigue Determines Endurance Performance: The Training Application
Fatigue Determines Endurance Performance: The Training Application USTFCCCA Endurance Symposium 2015 Don t let fatigue make a coward out of you. Steve Prefontaine Runner Outline Of San Antonio Fatigue
More informationChapter 22 Gas Exchange
Chapter 22 Gas Exchange PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Introduction: Surviving in Thin Air
More informationRespiratory system & exercise. Dr. Rehab F Gwada
Respiratory system & exercise Dr. Rehab F Gwada Objectives of lecture Outline the major anatomical components & important functions of the respiratory system. Describe the mechanics of ventilation. List
More informationA breath of fresh air
A breath of fresh air BIG IDEAS You are learning to: Describe the structure of the lungs Explain how the lungs clean themselves Interpret patterns in data Where are the lungs and what do they do? The lungs
More informationPop Quiz. What produces mucus, HCl and pepsinogen in the stomach? List a water soluable vitamin What is a ruminant stomach?
Pop Quiz What produces mucus, HCl and pepsinogen in the stomach? List a water soluable vitamin What is a ruminant stomach? Respiratory System Review Cellular respiration: obtain glucose and oxygen, get
More informationSystems of distribution
Systems of distribution Outline Distribution of respiratory gases, and in blood Respiratory systems - transport of oxygen to tissues - radically different designs in mammals, birds, insects Vertebrate
More informationDiagram 1: The three phases of gas exchange
1 Diagram 1: The three phases of gas exchange 1. Breathing When an animal breathes, a large, moist internal surface is exposed to air. O 2 diffuses across the cells lining the lungs and into surrounding
More informationFrog Dissection. PreLab: 1. Where do frogs get their energy? Draw a simple food chain to illustrate.
Name Date Frog Dissection Class # PreLab: Amphibian Reading As members of the class Amphibia, frogs may live some of their adult lives on land, but they must return to water to reproduce. Eggs are laid
More informationMammalian systems. Chapter 3 Pages
Mammalian systems Chapter 3 Pages 75-103 Learning intentions To know that multicellular organisms exist from specialized cells To know how the respiratory system is specialized and organized and how a
More informationSection 01: The Pulmonary System
Section 01: The Pulmonary System Chapter 12 Pulmonary Structure and Function Chapter 13 Gas Exchange and Transport Chapter 14 Dynamics of Pulmonary Ventilation HPHE 6710 Exercise Physiology II Dr. Cheatham
More informationPco2 *20times = 0.6, 2.4, so the co2 carried in the arterial blood in dissolved form is more than the o2 because of its solubility.
Physiology, sheet #9 Oxygen, is first dissolved in the plasma and the cytosol of the rbc, we have around blood constitutes 7% of our body weight, oxygen, in the capillaries is present in the rbc s and
More informationMuscular Factors Muscular Factors
2014 IDEA World Fitness Convention Running Secrets to Success: Skills and Drills for Trainers Jason Karp, Ph.D. Run-Fit.com 2011 IDEA Personal Trainer of the Year Cardiovascular Factors Cardiac output
More informationPARTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PARTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Parts of the Respiratory System The RS can be divided into two parts: 1. Respiratory Tract, (path that air follows). Nasal passage Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi,
More informationThe bar chart shows the amount of water lost from the body of a student on two different days.
RESPIRATION (2nd PART) Q1. The bar chart shows the amount of water lost from the body of a student on two different days. The student ate the same amount of food and drank the same amount of liquid on
More informationDepartment of Biology Work Sheet Respiratory system,9 class
I. Name the following : Department of Biology Work Sheet Respiratory system,9 class 1. A muscular sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. 2. A respiratory tube supported by cartilaginous
More informationUNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL CIRCULATION
UNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL CIRCULATION Every organism must exchange materials with its environment, relying upon diffusion, the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
More informationRespiration. Figure 22: Schematic representation of the respiratory system
Respiration One of the seven characteristics of something which is living is respiration. Strictly speaking, respiration is the process that takes place at cellular level and is one of three different
More information2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.
CLASS XI BIOLOGY Breathing And Exchange of Gases 1. Define vital capacity. What is its significance? Answer: Vital Capacity (VC): The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration.
More informationGas Exchange Respiratory Systems
alveoli gills Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems elephant seals 2008-2009 Why do we need a respiratory system? respiration for respiration Need O 2 in for aerobic cellular respiration make ATP Need CO 2
More informationPhysiology Unit 4 RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology Unit 4 RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY In Physiology Today Respiration External respiration ventilation gas exchange Internal respiration cellular respiration gas exchange Respiratory Cycle Inspiration
More informationAlveolus and Respiratory Membrane
Alveolus and Respiratory Membrane thin membrane where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, simple squamous epithelium (Squamous cells have the appearance of thin, flat plates. They fit closely together in
More informationSome major points on the Effects of Hypoxia
Some major points on the Effects of Hypoxia Source: Kings College London http://www.kcl.ac.uk/teares/gktvc/vc/dental/year1/lectures/rbmsmajorpoints/effectsofhypoxia.htm Cells obtain their energy from oxygen.
More informationRespiratory System 1
Respiratory System 1 Outline Respiratory structures Gills Air-Breathing Animals Amphibians and Reptiles Mammals Birds Structures and Mechanisms of Breathing 2 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
More informationQuestion 1: Define vital capacity. What is its significance? Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration. It is about 3.5 4.5 litres in the human body. It
More informationGCE BIOLOGY - BY2 MARK SCHEME - SUMMER 2014
GCE BIOLOGY - BY MARK SCHEME - SUMMER 014 1 (a) A = Capillary (network)/ capillaries ; B = Epithelial cell/ epithelium/ epithelial layer; C = Lacteal/ lymph vessel; NOT lymph node Feature Explanation Microvilli/
More informationyear 6 REVISION End of Year
year 6 REVISION End of Year The Science Department This Revision Guide can be utilised at home or on your ipad. This electronic book has been made as an additional aid in the revision process. The material
More informationCHAPTER 3: The cardio-respiratory system
: The cardio-respiratory system Exam style questions - text book pages 44-45 1) Describe the structures involved in gaseous exchange in the lungs and explain how gaseous exchange occurs within this tissue.
More informationAnatomy and Physiology Part 11: Of Blood and Breath by: Les Sellnow
Anatomy and Physiology Part 11: Of Blood and Breath by: Les Sellnow There are few similarities between horses and automobiles, but in a manner of speaking, the horse's circulatory and respiratory systems
More informationUnit II Problem 4 Physiology: Diffusion of Gases and Pulmonary Circulation
Unit II Problem 4 Physiology: Diffusion of Gases and Pulmonary Circulation - Physical principles of gases: Pressure of a gas is caused by the movement of its molecules against a surface (more concentration
More informationAP Biology. Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems. Gas exchange. Why do we need a respiratory system? Optimizing gas exchange. Gas exchange in many forms
alveoli Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems gills elephant seals 2008-2009 Why do we need a respiratory system? Need O 2 in food respiration for respiration for aerobic cellular respiration make ATP Need
More informationThe Breathing System
The Breathing System Learning Intentions 1. Students should Know how Breathing happens 2. Name and know the functions of the Breathing System 3. Know how the organs work and how they work with other systems
More information