Pharmacology 10 بسم هللا الرحمن ارحيم. Androgens and antiandrogens
|
|
- Arabella Campbell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 بسم هللا الرحمن ارحيم Androgens and antiandrogens The androgens are a group of steroids that have anabolic and/or masculinizing effects in both males and females. Testosterone, the most important androgen in humans, is synthesized by ledydig cells in the testis and,in smaller amounts, by cells in the ovary of the females and by the adrenal gland. *The testis has two major functions : Spermatogenesis production of sperms occurring within the seminiferous tubules. Production of androgenic hormones. Naturally occurring androgenic hormones are : Testosterone, the principal naturally secreted hormone produced by the leydig cells of testis. Dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA) (major androgen secreted by the adrenal cortex) Androstenedione The testis produce other hormones like 1-Small quantities of estradiol 1 P a g e
2 2-Inhibin and activin : these are proteins involved in the regulation of FSH release,inhibin inhibits FSH release and it s the major hormone or protein produced by the testicles and responsible for the negative feedback effect on FSH, activin has many roles not only in stimulating FSH release,it has a role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle in females and in homeostasis. NOTE : the adrenal gland usually synthesize some sort of andrognes and any defect in the adrenal gland affecting the inner zone of the cortex which make androgens and sex hormones in general in both males and females could lead to sexual abnormalities in both sexes. Testosterone synthesis: It s initially synthesized from cholesterol the same enzymes involved in steroidogenesis in general are involved in androgenic production. -Initial step from cholesterol to pregnolone catalyzed by debranching enzyme or side chain cleavage enzyme -Pregnolone is oxidized and isomerized to progesterone -Further steps involve different hydroxylases ending up with testosterone in the testicles or androgens in the adrenal (the same enzymes are involved in both pathways ) 2 P a g e
3 In sex organs and in the skin there s is another step related to synthesis of androgens where testosterone is converted to 5 alphadihydrotestosterone which is 10 times more potent than testosterone,and it mediates the effects of testosterone in sexual organs and skin, WHILE in bone,liver,skeletal muscles testosterone itself interacts with cytosolic and nuclear receptors, this has a clinical significance from pharmacological point of view ( differences in effects mediated by andrognes mainly testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone) Not to forget that 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in the skin is responsible for: -baldness in males -enlargement of the prostate : it s a normal aging process, all males usually develop some sort of enlargement in prostate, this condition is known as benign hyperplasia of the prostate, and could be managed well by antiandrognes or you can hit the synthetic machinery of androgens by drugs that control excess production of androgens : 1-aminoglutethimide 2-selective desmolase inhibitor but unfortunately it s a very toxic drug 3-trilostane which acts by inhibiting dehydrogenase enzyme 4-ketoconazole : antifungal,it inhibits different hydroxylases that could be of value in the management of cushing syndrome and cancer of the prostate. NOTE : -* what inhibit hydroxylase inhibit it on both testicles and adrenals *more andrognes are produced by the testicles in males while androgens in females are produced in the adrenal there is no other source 3 P a g e
4 *ovaries are the major source of estrogen and progesterone but a little andrognes can be produced by the ovaries *testicles produce a little estradiol and estrogen **according to the mentioned points if I give estrogen to a male he will develop a female sexual characteristics and vise versa if I give a female an androgen she will develop a male sexual characteristics (mustache, deepening of the voice,,, etc). *regulation of synthesis and release of testosterone : - GnRH has two effects androgen and antiandrogen - GnRH is a unique hypothalamic hormone, made of one polypeptide of 10 amino acids very simple structure secreted by the specific nuclei present in the hypothalamus, reaches the anterior pituitary,interacts with specific surface membrane receptors and its believed that such binding increases the intracellular calcium which mediates the effects of GnRH leading to an increase in the production of two different hormones LH and FSH. - one hormone, small polypeptide gives large glycoproteins (LH and FSH) which have alpha and beta subunits,each is encoded by a specific gene, there is a glycosylation step in combination between them, all these steps could be regulated by GnRH and eventually LH and FSH will be secreted in blood reaching gonads ( testicles) interact with specific membrane receptors on the testicles and activating adnylate cyclase and consequently producing camp. 4 P a g e
5 -LH is the main hormone that stimulate the production of the androgens (testosterone) while FSH is involved mainly in the process of spermatogenesis. -After producing the desired effect by testosterone, it exerts a negative feedback effect on LH, GnRH whereas inhibin regulates FSH release by the anterior pituitary. -Testoserone is converted to estrogen in the hypothalamus by aromatase enzyme which is responsible for the negative feedback on GnRH Now how GnRH is released from the hypothalamus? GnRH is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released into the portal system network of capillaries of the anterior pituitary in a PULSATILE manner, it pulses every 30 mins, and this pulses lead to an increase in FSH and LH synthesis and release. Later on they found that if GnRH is given from outside continuously not mimic the physiological normal pattern of its release in large doses or if you give whats known as a superagonist to GnRH this will lead to inhibition of LH and FSH and hence androgenic production by the testicles. **** Clinical uses of GnRH are classified into two major categories : a)those conditions where we need GnRH given in pulses or in small amonts deficiency states 5 P a g e
6 b)those conditions where you want to suppress this axis ( GnRH>>>LH,FSH>>>androgens) OPPOSITE CINICAL USES So GnRH could have an androgenic or an antiandrogenic effect as mentioned before Can I use GnRH in the management of precious puberty? YES This condition is associated with increased amounts of the pituitary gonadotropin-luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Increased LH levels stimulate production of sex steroids by testicular Leydig cells or ovarian granulosa cells (form the internet) Its also associated with GnRH deficiency but with excess androgens Precious puberty in females may lead to menses in a 6 years old female child. This condition is treated by giving GnRH to suppress LH and FSH. DELAYED PUBERTY can be treated also with GnRH but its given in a pulsatile manner. You will be asked in the exam about this Structure of GnRH -10 amino acids,the first 3 amino acids are essential for agonistic activity (releasing estrogen and progesterone form the ovaries, synthesizing LH,FSH and testosterone) 6 P a g e
7 - amino acids form 4 to 10 are important for binding characteristics of the hormone If I changed any of the first 3 amino acids(e.g changing proline to glycine) I will end up with an antagonist but if I changed any of the rest it will remain an agonist but I will end up with a superagonist. The superagonist down regulates GnRH pituitary receptors ( this is how a superagonist produces inhibition on cells that produce TSH,LH) Conclusion: pulsatile( agonistic acticity,small doses) GnRH bind to receptor,increases intracellular calcium and consequently increases LH and FSH. 1- Less frequent administration of GnRH is used in cases of GnRH deficiency like kallmann syndrome (genetic condition which results in the failure to commence on the non-completion of puberty) 2- It can be also used in hypogonadism or deficiency of testosterone (tertiary hypogonadism) in cases where FSH and LH can be produced by the pituitary otherwise GnRH will be ineffective.(theres is no defect in the pituitary gland function) While large doses of GnRH (superagonist) down regulate the receptors inhibiting FSH,LH release and consequently testosterone : 1- GnRH can be used as a treatment in Precious puberty.. any GnRH agonists, may be used. Non-continuous usage of GnRH agonists stimulates the pituitary gland to release Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing 7 P a g e
8 Hormone (LH). However, when used regularly, GnRH agonists cause a decreased release of FSH and LH. 2-Another use of GnRH as a treatment is in cases where I don t need testosterone in males like in the case of cancer of the prostate, the major problem of this cancer that its discovered very late. Transport and MOA of androgens : GnRH interacs with LH,FSH and increases the production and release of testosterone in the testicles,testosterone produced reach the blood stream,bound to specific globulin and reach the target cells where it s responsible for the primary and secondary sexual characteristics of the males,,at time of puberty there will be a surge in testosterone release and production to produce these charactarestics ( penis,mustache, muscles, deep voice ) whereas in females an increase in GnRH and LH,FSH will increase estrogen and progesterone and this will lead to beginning of the menstrual cycle. In the sexual organs as we said before testosterone is converted to 5 alphahydrotestosterone by 5 alpha reductase and then interacts with cytosolic and nuclear receptors increasing transcription of specific protein that will mediate the effect of this particular steroid or androgen. In skeletal muscle,bone testosterone itself acts on cytosolic and nuclear receptors increasing transcription and production of specific protein which will mediate the ANABOLIC effects of androgen (opposite to glucocorticoids which have a catabolic effects on protein), this anabolic effect build up bones and 8 P a g e
9 make the muscles bulkier in response to androgens, therefore androgens will be of value in the management if osteoporosis, while antiandrogens lead to osteoporosis. **DHT is 10 times more potent than testosterone and mediates the effects of testosterone on skin and sexual apparatus ( prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis) Testosterone physiological and pharmacological effects: 1- Virilizing = masculinizing effect Primary and secondary characteristics *primary characteristics : sexual organs like prostate, seminiferous tubules, vas deference, epididymis), without testosterone there will be no growth of such organs in the male. * its also important in the development of the testicles (they become larger at puberty) * enlargement of the breast in females, softness of skin, straightening of the hair are mediated by the actions of estrogen and progesterone. 2- Increase production of sperms, not only FSH do that but it s the major one,therefore if we have some sort of infertility we have to think of other hormones like estrogen. (could be from estrogen deficiency or testosterone deficiency ). 3- Increase production of RBCs. erythropoisis 4- Anabolic or growth promoting effect (bone,skeletal muscles) 9 P a g e
10 Testosterone metabolism : its metabolized in the liver to 17- ketosteroids (main metabolite for testosterone) like androsterone and etiocholanolone. CIinical uses of testosterone : 1-Testosterone deficiency 2-Hypogonadism, impotency, decrease libido, aging Infertility : if I have a case of infertility I have to assist this, is it only testosterone deficiency or testosterone deficiency with FSH deficiency,,,, if there is a deficiency in FSH release from the pituitary I have to give the patient FSH because testosterone alone doesn t work in this case, so I have to know what the defect is to give the appropriate treatment. 3-Anemia,leukemia,lymphoma.. testosterone increases RBCs content in blood 4-Endometriosis : ectopic growth of endometriam like in the parietal cavity, ovaries, fallopian tubes and associated with severe pelvic pain, abdominal pain and menstrual disorders a condition affect ladies especially young ladies that could be managed easily by weak androgens, clinical studies proved that danazol is the best androgen in the management of endometriosis NOTE : we give weak androgens because strong ones may help in the development of secondary male characteristics (mustache,muscles etc) 5- breast cancer,, cancer is managed by anticancerous drugs,hormones radiotherapy,sugery (best treatment if detected in early stages) 10 P a g e
11 usually we take a biopsy from the cancer and measure the density of estrogens receptors and we classify breast cancer into estrogen receptor rich and estrogen receptor poor, now if the breast cancer is estrogen receptor rich type the response will be good to hormonal therapy, WHAT sort of hormonal therapy it depends,it can be estrogen dependent and in this case we use -antiestrogens (not related to androgens) -testosterone ( antagonist for estrogen) -aromatase inhibitors 6- anabolic effect.. osteoporosis (major clinical use of androgens) NOTE : athletes use androgens to build up muscles but they become sexually dead because of the negative feedback on GnRH,LH,FSH and consequently androgens. Testosterone preparations primary use for androgen replacement (hormonal replacement therapy for testosterone deficiency ): Testosterone IM ;DC Testosterone propionate IM;SL Testosterone cypionate IM;depo;IM Methyltestosterone O;SL Fluoxymestrone O 11 P a g e
12 primary use for breast cancer testolactone (progesterone derivative and aromatase inhibitor),orally used in certain types of breast cancer that respond to androgen therapy primary use for osteoporosis Androgen : anabolic ratio= 1:2 or 1:3 ( these preparations are used in osteoporosis due to its good anabolic effect with little effect on sexual organs ) Ethylesternol O Stanozolol O Oxandrolone O Nandrolone decanoate IM Methandienone O Testosterone side effects : 1-virilization (masculinization ).. appearance of male characteristics in females hirsutism,acne,menstrual disorders in females 2-precious puberty and hirsutism in children 12 P a g e
13 3-salt and water retention..universal side effect to all steroids (androgen,aldosterone, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone) all of them lead to this sort of side effects because of their aldosterone like effect. 4-jaundice, gall bladder stones (methyltestosterone) 5-enlargement of prostate 6-liver cancer antiandrogens there are different antiandrogens based on their MOA 1-estrogens we have different preparations.. they have antiandrogenic effect by negative feedback mechanism.diethylsilbesterol, mestranol 2-progestins.. they work also by negative feedback on GnRH,FSH,LH, testosterone,e.g cyproterone actate (oral preparation, synthetic progesterone, most widely used ), progestins also interfere with binding of testosterone to its cytosolic receptors more than nuclear receptors. 3-GnRH antagonist or superagonist Antagonist : we can make a huge number of antagonists by changing the aminoacids,previously mentioned point, the antagonist don t interact with the receptor while the superagonist interacts and down regulates these receptors. 13 P a g e
14 -Antagonists act very quickly (advantage)blocking the effect of histamine, ganirelix is specific GnRH antagonist associated with the least release of histamines as compared to others. -Leuprolide acetate is a superagonist of GnRH(different glycine residues from 6 to 10 amino acids),excellent antiandrogen, but it has a problem that it may cause osteoporosis..its used in IVF to suppress the axis of GnRH and used in conditions where we don t need androgens. 4-Flutamide, bicalutamide and nilutamide..used to interfere with the binding of testosterone to its receptor particularly nuclear receptor. 5-5 alpha reductase inhibitors, finasteride,,inhibit the conversion of testosterone to 5 alpha hydrotestosterone. 6-Ketoconazol.. antiandrogen through inhibition of different hydroxylases 7-Spironolactone.. it works by two mechanisms - Decrease the production of androgens - Interference with testosterone binding to nuclear receptors * It s a potassium sparing diuretic drug via aldosterone blockade 8- Gossypol : it s a natural ketone,phenolic compound derived from the cotton plant There is a great research on using gossypol as an anticancerous agent and it will be reused in markets as an anticancerous agent rather than an antiandrogen. 14 P a g e
15 A short story about gossypol : in china they extracted gossypol as an oil from the cotton seeds and used it in their food, later on they found that most of the men are infertile, they studied this phenomena and found that gossypol is an antiandrogen and they started to use it frequently, but we stopped using gossypol 15 years ago because of its severe toxicity and side effects ( e.g irreversibility in infertility,severe azoospermia and oligospermia) Now gossypol is used in replacing surgical castarion instead of removing the testicles but its no more used as a contraceptive method. Exactly like Viagra (sildenafil citrate ),first was used as antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic but this resulted in many cases of death, because of using Viagra with nitrates which leads to severe drop in blood pressure and death later a man came to the pharmacy and requested Viagra to use it for sexual dysfunction,therefore studies of viagra using in male impotency started from this point,,now Viagra is the main drug used in males impotency but it has one precaution,don t use it with nitrates. Antiandrogenic clinical uses: 1 cancer of the prostate, its discovered very late and its highly dependent in its growth,metastases, and the pain which originates from it on testosterone or androgen level, if you decrease androgens you decrease the size of the cancer, you decrease the metastases and improve the pain. Cancer of the prostate treatment :if discovered early surgery (removing the prostate) is the best treatment but unfortunately this rarely happens usually they discover it in its 4 th stage or even more so this surgery doesn t work and they then remove the testicles and sometimes the adrenal also (both adrenals)to remove the source of androgens,, this is in the past,now we use 15 P a g e
16 antiandrogens, all of them can be used (e.g diethylstilbesterol, cyproterone acetate) but the best treatment is leuprolide acetate, this drug replaces the castration (even better than castration). Major cause of this late discovery that the manifestation usually appear after 10 years of the onset of this cancer Sometimes they use prostate specific antigen (psa) test but its not conclusive because they didn t find a difference in this antigen between normal people and people that have cancer of the prostate. 2-Benign hyperplasia of the prostate finastride ( 5 alpha reductase inhibitor),highly effective along with alpha one blockers, its as mentioned before a normal aging process and this hyperplasia could press on urethra and lead to some difficulty in urination (urinary retention sometimes) 3-Severe acne and hirsutism in females (spironolactone, cyproterone acetate) 4-Precious puberty 5-Male antifertility agents (male contraceptive) gossypol (not used anyomore) 6-Baldness (cytocol=topical antiandrogen,finasteride) Antiandrogens side effects : Decrease libido, impotency, decrease spermatogenesis, decrease ejaculation Done by : Deema Al Souri 16 P a g e
17 17 P a g e Pharmacology 10
Androgenes and Antiandrogenes
Androgenes and Antiandrogenes Androgens The androgens are a group of steroids that have anabolic and/or masculinizing effects in both males and females. Testosterone [tess-toss-terone], the most important
More informationDr Tarza Jamal Pharmacology Lecture 2
Contraceptives and androgen hormone Contraceptives: Currently, interference with ovulation is the most common pharmacologic intervention for preventing pregnancy. Major classes of contraceptives 1. Combination
More informationReproductive DHT Analyte Information
Reproductive DHT Analyte Information - 1 - DHT Introduction Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) together with other important steroid hormones such as testosterone, androstenedione (ASD) and dehydroepiandrosterone
More informationNatural estrogens estradiol estrone estriol
Estrogens Natural estrogens estradiol estrone estriol Nonsteroidal synthetic Diethylstilbestrol Chlorotrianisene Methallenestril Steroidal synthetic Ethinyl estradiol Mestranol Quinestrol To decrease some
More informationSecrets of Abang Sado : Effects of testosterone therapy. Azraai Nasruddin
+ Secrets of Abang Sado : Effects of testosterone therapy Azraai Nasruddin + Testosterone Testosterone : Steroid hormone - Made primarily by the testicles in males - Small amounts produced by the adrenal
More informationTESTOFEN. Anabolic & Androgenic Activity GENCOR PACIFIC, INC. Fenugreek Extract standardized for FENUSIDE TM. Copyright 2005 by Gencor Pacific, Inc.
GENCOR PACIFIC, INC. 920E. Orangethorpe Avenue, Suite B, Anaheim, CA. 92801 Ph: 714.870.8723 714.870.8724 efax: 732.875.0306 drjit@gencorpacific.com manu@gencorpacific.com www.gencorpacific.com TESTOFEN
More informationGonadal Hormones & Inhibitors
Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors Estrogens Natural estrogens estradiol estrone estriol Nonsteroidal synthetic Diethylstilbestrol Chlorotrianisene Methallenestril Steroidal synthetic Ethinyl estradiol Mestranol
More informationReproductive. Androgens Analytes Information
Reproductive Androgens Analytes Information - 1 - Androgens Introduction Androgens are a group of C 19 steroids. They are responsible for masculinization of the genital tract as well as the development
More informationThe Science of. NUTRICULA Longevity Journal
32 December, 2011 The Science of 33 NUTRICULA Longevity Journal As men age, there is often a decline in libido and sexual function. This decline frequently interferes in intimacy within romantic relationships,
More informationSue Marty, Ph.D., D.A.B.T. The Dow Chemical Company TERA Endocrine Workshop April 23, 2013
Sue Marty, Ph.D., D.A.B.T. The Dow Chemical Company TERA Endocrine Workshop April 23, 2013 Agenda Value of WoE/MoA determinations in EDSP Information used to examine potential endocrine activity and/or
More informationTREATMENT OPTIONS FOR MALE HYPOGONADISM
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR MALE HYPOGONADISM Bruce Biundo, RPh, FACA PCCA Pharmacy Consulting Department Updated July 2012 Hypogonadism in men is primarily a state involving lower than expected levels of testosterone,
More informationIssues. What is a low testosterone? Who needs testosterone therapy? Benefits/adverse effects of testosterone replacement Treatment options
Male Hypogonadism Jauch Symposium Waterloo, IA May 17, 2013 Janet A. Schlechte, M.D. Disclosure of Financial Relationships Janet A. Schlechte, M.D. has no relationships with any proprietary entity producing
More informationNatural Hair Transplant Medical Center, Inc Dove Street, Suite #250, Newport Beach, CA Phone
Natural Hair Transplant Medical Center, Inc. 1000 Dove Street, Suite #250, Newport Beach, CA 92660 Phone-949-622-6969 Finasteride (PROPECIA ) Acknowledgement Finasteride is an oral medication, manufactured
More informationCh 17 Endocrinology, Part 2
Ch 17 Endocrinology, Part 2 Adrenal Gland (p 525) Steroid hormones and their glands Other endocrine glands Compare Endocrine and Nervous systems Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM Adrenal (or Suprarenal)
More informationPHYSICIANS CIRCULAR FINASTERIDE PROSCAR. Tablet 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor
PHYSICIANS CIRCULAR FINASTERIDE PROSCAR Tablet 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor FINASTERIDE (PROSCAR) a synthetic 4-azasteroid compound, is a specific inhibitor of Type II 5α-reductase, an intracellular enzyme
More informationMale pattern baldness is the most common type of balding among males. It affects roughly, 50% of men by the age of 50,
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Male pattern baldness is the most common type of balding among males. It affects roughly, 30% of men by the age of 30, 50% of men by the age of 50, 57% of men by the age of 60.
More informationCastration resistant prostate cancer-what is it? and what do we do about it? Urology Postgraduate Course February 13, 2009
Castration resistant prostate cancer-what is it? and what do we do about it? Urology Postgraduate Course February 13, 2009 Charles J Ryan, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine Helen Diller Family
More informationProviron. Proviron Functions & Traits: (Mesterolone)
Proviron (Mesterolone) Proviron represents one of the oldest anabolic androgenic steroids on the market. A product of the giant pharmaceutical company Schering, it would first appear in 1934. Officially
More informationGynaecomastia. Benign breast conditions information provided by Breast Cancer Care
Gynaecomastia This booklet tells you about gynaecomastia. It explains what gynaecomastia is, what causes it, how it s diagnosed and what will happen if it needs to be treated or followed up. Benign breast
More informationFINCAR Tablets (Finasteride)
Published on: 10 Jul 2014 FINCAR Tablets (Finasteride) Composition FINCAR Tablets Each film-coated tablet contains: Finasteride USP - 5 mg Dosage Form Tablet Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Mechanism of
More informationComplete. Male Hormones SAMPLE PATIENT. Patient: Order Number: Age: 47 Sex: M MRN:
Patient: Age: 47 Sex: M MRN: SAMPLE PATIENT Order Number: 81200334 Completed: September 20, 2007 Received: September 20, 2007 Collected: September 20, 2007 Complete Male Hormones Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT
More informationSkin metabolism of steroid hormones as endogenous compounds?
Skin metabolism of steroid hormones as endogenous compounds? Van Luu-The Department of Molecular Medicine Laval University Québec, Canada This work has been supported by L Oréal Research Steroid hormones
More informationAssociate Professor Geoff Braatvedt
Associate Professor Geoff Braatvedt Endocrinologist Diabetologist and Physician Green Lane and Auckland City Hospitals Auckland 14:00-14:55 WS #145: Approach to Low Testosterone Values 15:05-16:00 WS #157:
More informationDonald W. Morrish, MD, PhD, FRCPC Presented at Mountain Man: Men's Health Conference, May Terry s Testosterone
Focus on CME at University of Alberta ADAM: Dealing with the Decline Donald W. Morrish, MD, PhD, FRCPC Presented at Mountain Man: Men's Health Conference, May 2005 We now know there is a decline in total
More informationPsychology. Psychology & Performance Enhancing Substances. The Ideal Performance State. Relationship Between Confidence and Athletic Performance
Psychology & Performance Enhancing Substances Psychology The Ideal Performance State Absence of fear no fear of failure No thinking about or analysis of performance Narrow focus of attention concentrated
More informationAntiduretic Hormone, Growth. Hormone & Anabolic Steroids
Goudarz Sadeghi, DVM, PhD, DSc Associate Professor of Pharmacology University of Tehran Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Pharmacology Endocrine System Antiduretic Hormone, Growth Hormone & Anabolic
More informationMODULE #8 - Lesson 3
MODULE #8 - Lesson 3 21st Century Man: Testosterone and Andropause Module 8 - Lesson 3 21st Century Man: Testosterone and Andropause Testosterone and andropause are 2 pressing issues for men in the 21st
More informationUnderstanding combined oral contraception
Understanding combined oral contraception Paula Briggs, FFSRH Consultant in Community Sexual and Reproductive Health Southport and Ormskirk NHS Hospital Trust May Logan Centre, Bootle, L20 5DQ paulaeb@aol.com
More informationTestosterone for Sale
Testosterone for Sale Testosterone (C 19 H 28 O 2 ) is the male hormone. The brain, the pituitary gland, and the testes must work in perfect harmony to produce adequate amounts of it. If you want to know
More informationAndrogens and Anabolic Steroids Prior Authorization with Quantity Limit - Through Preferred Topical Androgen Agent
Androgens and Anabolic Steroids Prior Authorization with Quantity Limit - Through Preferred Topical Androgen Agent Androgens/Anabolic Steroids Prior Authorization with Quantity Limit Through Preferred
More information1001 West Broadway, Vancouver, BC V6H 4B1. Topical Finasteride
1001 West Broadway, Vancouver, BC V6H 4B1 Topical Finasteride 1 Topical finasteride is a solution containing the drug finasteride typically sold under the brand names Propecia and Proscar. The Finasteride
More informationEstrogens & androgens ا.م.د.اسامة ايوب lec:4-6
Estrogens & androgens ا.م.د.اسامة ايوب lec:4-6 Sex hormones produced by the gonads are necessary for conception embryonic maturation, and development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics at
More informationFINASTERIDE (PROPECIA, PROSCAR) SIDE EFFECT & CONSENT FORM
750 West Broadway Street Suite 905 Vancouver, BC M5Z 1K1 FAX: (604) 648-9003 vancouveroffice@donovanmedical.com FINASTERIDE (PROPECIA, PROSCAR) SIDE EFFECT & CONSENT FORM What is finasteride? Finasteride
More informationMALE PATTERN BALDNESS
MALE PATTERN BALDNESS Male-pattern hair loss (MPHL), also known as androgenic alopecia and male pattern baldness, is hair loss that occurs due to an underlying susceptibility of hair follicles to shrinkage
More informationFemale testosterone level chart
Female testosterone level chart The Borg System is 100 % Female testosterone level chart Mar 23, 2015. Male, Female. Age: T Level (ng/dl):, Age: T Level (ng/dl):. 0-5 mo. 75-400, 0-5 mo. 20-80. 6 mos.-9
More informationEssential Standards. 8.ATOD.2 Understand the health risks associated with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use.
Essential Standards 8.ATOD.2 Understand the health risks associated with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. Clarifying Objective 8.ATOD.2.2 Evaluate the magnitude and likelihood of the risks associated
More informationMI Androgen Deficiency Hypogonadism
MI Androgen Deficiency Hypogonadism WADA TUE Expert Group John A Lombardo, MD October 2014, Columbus, Ohio USA Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis / 2 Hypogonadism/Androgen Deficiency Clinical syndrome:
More informationDEPO-Testosterone Injection is available in two strengths, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml testosterone cypionate.
Depo -Testosterone testosterone cypionate injection, USP CIII DESCRIPTION DEPO-Testosterone Injection, for intramuscular injection, contains testosterone cypionate which is the oil-soluble 17 (beta)- cyclopentylpropionate
More informationDUPROST Capsules (Dutasteride)
Published on: 10 Jul 2014 DUPROST Capsules (Dutasteride) Composition Each soft gelatin capsule contains: Dutasteride... 0.5 mg Dosage Form Capsule Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Mechanism of Action Dutasteride
More information*Dr. Mushreq Aziz Tnesh AL-Lamy, **Dr. Asaad Adnan Aziz Al-Safi. *, ** Physical Education College /Al-Qadisiyah University ABSTRACT
EFFECT OF THE ABUSE OF STEROIDAL ANDRO- GENIC HORMONES AND THEIR RELATIVE CONTRI- BUTION TO THE LEVEL OF HORMONES (TESTOS- TERONE, FSH, LH) AND THE PROPORTION OF IN- FERTILITY IN BODYBUILDERS *Dr. Mushreq
More informationHAIR LOSS HORMONE IMBALANCE HAIR LOSS HORMONE IMBALANCE PDF HAIR LOSS - WIKIPEDIA HORMONE IMBALANCE CHECKLIST - WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMS
PDF HAIR LOSS - WIKIPEDIA HORMONE IMBALANCE CHECKLIST - WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMS 1 / 6 2 / 6 3 / 6 hair loss hormone imbalance pdf Male pattern hair loss is believed to be due to a combination of genetics
More informationUpdates on Anti-doping and TUE Management in Paralympic Sport
International Paralympic Committee Updates on Anti-doping and TUE Management in Paralympic Sport Matthew Fedoruk, Ph.D. March 15, 2018 PyeongChang 2018 IPC Medical / Sports Science Committee Workshops
More informationThe Testosterone Quandary. Beth Crowder, PhD, APRN
The Testosterone Quandary Beth Crowder, PhD, APRN Objectives Define testosterone, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadotrophic axis, and normal blood levels List functions of testosterone and symptoms of low
More informationAre Steroids Worth the Risk?
Are Steroids Worth the Risk? Dominic has baseball on the brain. Just being good isn't enough he wants to be the best. He dreams of playing in the majors someday, but worries about the intense competition
More informationBuy The Complete Version of This Book at Booklocker.com:
Maintain youthful libido, sexual function, cardiovascular, bone, muscle, overall health. The Gentleman's Guide to the Fountain of Youth Buy The Complete Version of This Book at Booklocker.com: http://www.booklocker.com/p/books/2056.html?s=pdf
More informationCONFÉRENCE À SUCCÈS EN SCIENCES DE LA VIE : ENDOCEUTICS
CONFÉRENCE À SUCCÈS EN SCIENCES DE LA VIE : ENDOCEUTICS 13 Septembre 2018 Quebec, Canada 1 ENDOCEUTICS No. 1 Innovative pharmaceutical company in menopausal women s health in the world 2 Facilities Head
More informationPackage Leaflet: Information for the patient. Sustanon 250, 250 mg/ml, solution for injection (testosterone esters)
Package Leaflet: Information for the patient Sustanon 250, 250 mg/ml, solution for injection (testosterone esters) Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine because it contains
More informationTestosterone Use and Effects
Parkland College Natural Sciences Poster Sessions Student Works 2013 Testosterone Use and Effects Brandon Mills Parkland College Recommended Citation Mills, Brandon, "Testosterone Use and Effects" (2013).
More informationw w w. o p t i m a l h e a l t h m d. c o m Optimal Health & Rejuvenation Center, LLC 2007
Optimize your life. LONGEVITY GUIDE TO 2 0 0 7 w w w. o p t i m a l h e a l t h m d. c o m Optimize your life. INTRODUCTION..................................I DO YOU NEED THERAPY?.........................1
More informationIcd-10 low levels of testosterone
Icd-10 low levels of testosterone The Borg System is 100 % Icd-10 low levels of testosterone 1-10-2017 if your hormone levels are too high or too low, you may have a hormone disorder. Hormone diseases
More informationDoping in Sports: Catching and Preventing It An Expert Interview With Gary I. Wadler, MD
Doping in Sports: Catching and Preventing It An Expert Interview With Gary I. Wadler, MD Carol Peckham; Gary I. Wadler, MD As part of our coverage of the 2012 Olympics, Medscape interviewed Gary I. Wadler,
More informationUnitedHealthcare Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Programs
UnitedHealthcare Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Programs Program Number 2017 P 2018-9 Program Prior Authorization/Medical Necessity Topical Androgens Medication Axiron*, Androderm, Androgel*, Fortesta*, Natesto*,
More informationPRODUCT INFORMATION TESTOVIRON DEPOT. (testosterone enanthate)
PRODUCT INFORMATION TESTOVIRON DEPOT (testosterone enanthate) NAME OF THE MEDICINE Testosterone enanthate is designated chemically as 17 beta-heptanoyloxy-4-androstene-3- one. The empirical formula of
More informationThis is an English translation of the original Chinese instruction leaflet generated by Google Translate. No amendments were made.
Approved Date: December 26, 2006 Revision Date: September 12, 2012 Modify Date: December 1, 2013 Finasteride tablets instructions Please read the instructions carefully and use under the guidance of a
More informationM0BCore Safety Profile. Pharmaceutical form(s)/strength: 5 mg SE/H/PSUR/0002/006 Date of FAR:
M0BCore Safety Profile Active substance: Finasteride Pharmaceutical form(s)/strength: 5 mg P-RMS: SE/H/PSUR/0002/006 Date of FAR: 16.05.2014 4.3 Contraindications Finasteride is not indicated for use in
More informationAll About T Testosterone for FTMs. Presented by John Otto, MLIS
All About T Testosterone for FTMs Presented by John Otto, MLIS Who? Anyone thinking about transitioning Those who have transitioned, but want to know more Empowerment from self-managing transition Allies
More informationElements for a public summary
VI.2 VI.2.1 Elements for a public summary Overview of disease epidemiology Prostate gland enlargement is a common condition as men get older. Also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic
More informationPACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER. FINASTERIDE 1 MG FILM-COATED TABLETS (finasteride)
PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER FINASTERIDE 1 MG FILM-COATED TABLETS (finasteride) Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it contains important information
More informationPRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIRON
PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIRON NAME OF TE MEDICINE Mesterolone is a white to yellowish crystalline powder and is practically insoluble in water. The chemical name for mesterolone is 17 beta-ydroxy-1 alpha-methyl-5
More informationCreatine Versus Anabolic Steroids. Over the past few years, many athletes have been using performance-enhancing
Hester 1 Kyle Hester Instructor s Name ENGL 1013 Date Creatine Versus Anabolic Steroids Over the past few years, many athletes have been using performance-enhancing supplements on a regular basis. Two
More informationCLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
TESTOPEL- testosterone pellet Slate Pharma ---------- DESCRIPTION TESTOPEL Pellets (testosterone) are cylindrically shaped pellets 3.2mm (1/8 inch) in diameter and approximately 9mm in length. Each sterile
More informationSex Hormones and Metabolites
Accession # 00268796 Male Sample Report 123 A Street Sometown, CA 90266 Sex Hormones and Metabolites Ordering Physician: Precision Analytical DOB: 1967-08-09 Age: 50 Gender: Male Last Menstrual Period:
More informationAnavar For Sale Oxandrolone
Anavar For Sale Oxandrolone Anavar (oxandrolone C 19 H 30 O 3 ) is an anabolic steroid that provides outstanding results. The Anavar steroid is a synthesized version of testosterone that boosts lean muscle
More informationPharmaceutical Chemistry
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Steroid Hormones and Therapeutically Related Compounds Assist. Prof. Karima fadhil Ali Al mustansiriyah university College of pharmacy Steroid Hormones and Therapeutically Related
More informationNolvadex. Nolvadex Functions & Traits: Effects of Nolvadex:
Nolvadex Nolvadex is a popular and powerfully effective Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) that is often referred to as an anti-estrogen. However, while being an antagonist it is also an agonist
More informationInappropriate Testosterone Billings
Inappropriate Testosterone Billings Carla Patrick-Fagan March 30, 2015 Truven Health Analytics Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1 Agenda Proposed in the 2015 analytic plan Steroid prescriptions Code of Federal
More informationJeremiah Murphy, MD Mercy Urology Clinic. October 21, 2017
Jeremiah Murphy, MD Mercy Urology Clinic October 21, 2017 Describe an appropriate strategy for the evaluation and diagnosis of male hypogonadism Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline-2010 Review
More informationMedical Policy An independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association
Androgens and Anabolic Steroids Page 1 of 57 Medical Policy An independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association Title: Androgens and Anabolic Steroids Prime Therapeutics will review Prior
More informationIcd 10 hormone replacement therapy male
Icd 10 hormone replacement therapy male 2018 ICD - 10 code for Hormone replacement therapy is Z79.890. Lookup the complete ICD 10 Code details for Z79.890. The ICD - 10 system requires that. TEENren who
More informationElements for a Public Summary. Overview of disease epidemiology
VI.2 VI.2.1 Elements for a Public Summary Overview of disease epidemiology Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (an increase in size of the prostate that is not cancerous) is the most prevalent of all diseases
More informationMens Health Post Puberty. Nayan Patel PharmD
Mens Health Post Puberty Nayan Patel PharmD Definition of Androgen Deficiency * Consistently low testosterone * Associated signs/symptoms * Evidence based review of literature * Data is weak at best Definition
More informationFinasteride 1mg film-coated tablets (Pharmacare )
Name of Medicine finasteride 1 mg tablet Presentation Brown colour, round, film-coated tablet, debossed with H on one side and 36 on the other side. Therapeutic Class Finasteride is a synthetic 4-azasteroid
More information4.2 Posology, method and duration of administration
The format of this leaflet was determined by the Ministry of Health and its content was checked and approved by it in May 2011. 1. NAME OF MEDICINAL PRODUCT Testoviron Depot Oily solution for injection
More informationRobert Perlstein, M.D. Medical Officer. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. U.S. Food & Drug Administration
-------------------- Robert Perlstein, M.D. Medical Officer Center for Drug Evaluation and Research U.S. Food & Drug Administration -------------------- Sentencing of Food and Drug Offenses Before the
More informationPROPECIA finasteride 1 mg tablet
Name of Medicine PROPECIA finasteride 1 mg tablet Presentation A tan octagonal convex tablet embossed with a P logo on one side and PROPECIA on the other. Diameter: 7.14 mm. Therapeutic Class PROPECIA
More informationHastening the onset of the breeding season. by Julie Skaife, of Select Breeders Services
Hastening the onset of the breeding season. by Julie Skaife, of Select Breeders Services The horse is a seasonal breeder meaning that natural mating occurs during certain times of the year to ensure that
More informationpep Steroids and athletes: Genes work overtime Pharmacology Education Partnership sites.duke.edu/thepepproject
pep Pharmacology Education Partnership sites.duke.edu/thepepproject Steroids and athletes: Genes work overtime 6 A P r o j e c t F u n d e d b y a S c i e n c e E d u c a t i o n D r u g A b u s e P a
More informationPRODUCT INFORMATION PRIMOTESTON DEPOT. (testosterone enantate)
PRODUCT INFORMATION PRIMOTESTON DEPOT (testosterone enantate) NAME OF THE MEDICINE Testosterone enantate is designated chemically as 17 beta-heptanoyloxy-4-androstene-3- one. The empirical formula of testosterone
More informationDeca Durabolin. (Nandrolone Decanoate) Deca Durabolin Functions & Traits:
Deca Durabolin (Nandrolone Decanoate) Deca Durabolin is an extremely popular anabolic steroid comprised of the steroidal hormone Nandrolone and is attached to the large Decanoate ester. The Nandrolone
More informationNEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET. 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each film coated tablet contains 1 mg of finasteride.
1. PRODUCT NAME Profal, film coated tablets, 1 mg NEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each film coated tablet contains 1 mg of finasteride. Excipient of known effect: Lactose
More informationAffirming Care of the Transgender Patient
Mountain West AIDS Education and Training Center Affirming Care of the Transgender Patient Jessica Rongitsch, MD, FACP This presentation is intended for educational use only, and does not in any way constitute
More informationClinical Significance of 5 -Reductase Activity
Clinical Significance of 5 -Reductase Activity By Jonathan Wright, MD and Barry Wheeler, ND 5 -Reductase (5AR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of (among others): Testosterone 5 -DHT Androstenedione
More informationInsight into male menopause'
Insight into male menopause' Dr Mark Vanderpump MD FRCP Consultant Endocrinologist Clinics: Tuesday PM Mark Vanderpump Consultant Physician and Endocrinologist Introduction Serum total and free testosterone
More informationFoods, Spices and Herbs That Boost. Testosterone Naturally and Invigorate. Your Sex Drive. by David Blyweiss, M.D.
BOOSTERS Testosterone Boosters Foods, Spices and Herbs That Boost Testosterone Naturally and Invigorate Your Sex Drive by David Blyweiss, M.D. Copyright 2009 by UniScience Group Inc. All rights reserved.
More informationTRT and LUTS. Mick Jagger, 70 years. PRISM IV Sept 2014
TRT and LUTS Mick Jagger, 70 years PRISM IV Sept 2014 Combination of LUTS and LOH In ageing male : -LUTS increases -LOH increases So: the combination is a common clinical scenario TRT and LUTS Startingpoint
More informationAndroGel. (testosterone gel) 1% H 3 C
1 AndroGel (testosterone gel) 1% 500122/500127 Rev Dec 2004 DESCRIPTION AndroGel (testosterone gel) is a clear, colorless hydroalcoholic gel containing 1% testosterone. AndroGel provides continuous transdermal
More informationEffect of Maternal Drug Treatment during Pregnancy and Lactation Oxymetholone through the Levels of Sex Hormones in Adult Female Offspring Rats
Advances in Environmental Biology, 6(10): 2791-2795, 2012 ISSN 1995-0756 2791 This is a refereed journal and all articles are professionally screened and reviewed ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effect of Maternal Drug
More informationHGH for Sale Natural Anti-Aging Human Growth Hormone
HGH for Sale Natural Anti-Aging Human Growth Hormone Human growth hormone is one of the hottest supplement trends on the market, and now you can purchase top-quality HGH to be delivered right to your home!
More informationTESTOVIRON 300 TESTOCYP 200 INJECTABLE PRODUCTS
Platinum Biotech has a commitment to all people, a commitment of improving the quality of life for each and every person worldwide, through which we constantly strive to innovate, improve and increase
More informationFormally known as anabolic steroids or anabolic-androgenic steroids, but they are sometimes called 'roids', 'gear' or 'juice'.
Steroids What are steroids? Steroids are drugs that help the growth and repair of muscle tissue. They are synthetic hormones that imitate male sex hormones, specifically testosterone. Steroids can increase
More informationTestosterone Topical/Buccal/Nasal
BENEFIT APPLICATION Testosterone Topical/Buccal/Nasal DRUG POLICY Benefit determinations are based on the applicable contract language in effect at the time the services were rendered. Exclusions, limitations
More informationMonitoring Hormone Therapy Mark Newman, M.S. President of Precision Analytical Inc.
Mr Mark Newman Monitoring Hormone Therapy Mark Newman, M.S. President of Precision Analytical Inc. 2 Avoiding Pitfalls in (B)HRT Monitoring and Picking the Right Lab Test Objectives: Outline how expected
More informationMALE HORMONE THERAPY OPTIONS
MALE HORMONE THERAPY OPTIONS The following tables have been compiled by Women s International Pharmacy staff pharmacists to represent some of the more frequently prescribed regimens for men. The Women
More informationWinstrol (Stanozolol)
Winstrol (Stanozolol) Winstrol is one of the most popular and well-known anabolic steroids on earth. Developed by Winthrop Laboratories in the late 1950 s, this is an anabolic steroid that has gotten a
More informationAnabolic Androgenic Steroids
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids 1 / 6 2 / 6 3 / 6 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids What are anabolic steroids? Anabolic steroids are synthetic, or human-made, variations of the male sex hormone testosterone.
More informationAccession # Louis Raskin 6460 Spartina Circle Jupiter, FL DOB: Gender: Male
Accession # 00226811 Louis Raskin 6460 Spartina Circle Jupiter, FL 33458 Ordering physician: William Bailey DOB:1990-07-27 Gender: Male Hormone Testing Summary Collection Times: 2016-05-12 05:30PM 2016-05-12
More informationPros and Cons of Hormone Testing in Different Body Fluids with Different Routes of Hormone Delivery
Pros and Cons of Hormone Testing in Different Body Fluids with Different Routes of Hormone Delivery David T Zava, PhD ZRT laboratory A Guide to Steroid Hormone Testing in Different Body Fluids Following
More information2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
AVODART SOFT CAPSULES 0.5 MG 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Avodart 0.5 mg capsules, soft. 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each capsule contains 0.5 mg dutasteride. For excipients, see 6.1.
More informationClinical impact of type I and type II 5 alpha-reductase inhibition in prostatic disease: review and update 아주대학교김선일
Clinical impact of type I and type II 5 alpha-reductase inhibition in prostatic disease: review and update 아주대학교김선일 Development of 5ARI Discovery of 5AR type I and type II Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic
More informationPhysician Copy. Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: ACH24.1
Physician Copy Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: ACH24.1 ID: Steroidogenic Pathway At-A-Glance 0.60 1 0.10 RR : 0-0.90 RR : 0.30-4.20 RR : 0.60-2.50 0.10 RR : 0.16-0.65 1.48 RR : 1.20-6.10 2.47 RR
More information