Fungitoxicity of aqueous and organic solvent extracts of Datura metel against Ascochyta rabiei
|
|
- Derek Holt
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Fungitoxiity of queous n orgni solvent extrts of Dtur metel ginst Asohyt riei *Rukhsn Bjw, Soiy Shfique n Shzi Shfique Deprtment of Myology n Plnt Pthology, University of the Punj, Qui-e-Azm Cmpus, Lhore, Pkistn. *E. mil: rukhsnjw_mppl@yhoo.om Astrt In vitro effiy of queous n methnoli extrts of Dtur metel ws evlute ginst Asohyt riei, (the usl gent of hikpe light) n the sensitivity of olony growth ws stuie in terms of inhiition zone. The inhiitory potentil of ll the extrts ws gretest t lower onentrtion. The queous n methnol extrts of shoot of Dtur metel use 21-34% n -% reution in growth of Asohyt riei wheres the root extrts prove less effetive s they use 15-25% n 11-29% reution in growth of A. riei, respetively. Keywors: Asohyt riei, hikpe, fungitoxiity, Dtur metel, queous n orgni extrts. Introution One of the most importnt legume rops of Pkistn is Chikpe (Cier rietinum L.), whih is mjor soure of protein. It is grown over.963 m h rinfe onitions with nnul proution of.6752 million tons with n verge yiel of 71 kg h -1 (Anonymous, 4), whih is muh lower thn its potentil. Blight isese is mjor limiting ftor for its reue proution (Ilys n Bshir, 1983). Asohyt light is mjor isese of hikpe in most growing res of the worl (Port-Pugili et l., 1997) tht uses -25% yiel loss in hikpe nnully (Iql et l., 5). Vrieties of ontrol mesures re unertken to voi the implitions of yiel losses ue to plnt iseses. In this regr, the iologil inhiitions y ifferent nturl sustnes, suh s essentil oils n plnt extrts hve een investigte wiely ginst fungl tivities. In lst two ees, muh work hs een one on plnt-erive ompouns s environmentlly sfe lterntives to hemils (Duke et l., ; 2; Singh et l., 4). In reent times Alkhil (5) showe tht queous extrts of plnts viz. Allium stivum, Cymopogon proxims, Crum rvi, Azirht ini n Eugeni ryophyllus h strong ntifungl tivity ginst fungi nmely Fusrium oxysporum, Botrytis inere n Rhizotoni solni. Similr effets of Mgnoli grniflor L. extrts ginst Alternri lternt, Helminthosporium spp., Fusrium oxysprum, F. ulmorium n Rhizotoni solni hve lso een reporte y Ahm n Aulgleil (5). More reently Bjw et l. (7) evlute ntifungl potentil of queous n orgni extrts of Aloe ver n reporte tht shoot queous n n-hexne extrts use signifint inhiition in growth n iomss proution of the three teste fungi viz., Alternri lternt, A. itri n A. tenuissim. Thus the present stuy ws unertken to evlute the ntifungl potentil of queous n orgni solvent extrts of Dtur metel on in vitro growth of Asohyt riei Mterils n Methos Prourement n mintenne of trget fungl speies Culture of trget fungl speies of A. riei ws otine from First Fungl Culture Bnk of Pkistn, (FCBP) University of the Punj, Quie-Azm Cmpus Lhore n mintine on mlt extrt gr (MEA) meium. Colletion of plnt mterils Fresh smples of shoot n root of Dtur metel were ollete from University of the Punj, Qui-e-Azm Cmpus Lhore n wshe thoroughly uner tp wter, rie with lotting pper n ut into smll piees. The solule ingreients of the plnt mteril were then extrte y soluiliztion in wter n methnol s ifferent solvents. Preprtion of queous extrt Aqueous extrt of wter solule ingreients of plnt mteril ws prepre
2 18 Bjw et l. oring to Bjw et l,. (7). A % w/v stok solution of plnt extrt ws ttine y soking the rushe plnt mterils in sterilize istille wter for 48 h t ±2 C. Then mteril ws filtere through muslin loth followe y filter pper. This stok extrt ws store t 4 ºC n use within four ys. Preprtion of orgni solvent extrt The metho of Alkhil (5) ws followe for the preprtion of shoot n root extrt in methnol. The test plnt ws rushe n extrte y merting g of plnt mteril in ml of methnol for 48 h. Mterils were filtere through muslin loth followe y filter pper. Orgni solvent extrt ws evporte uner vuum until its volume ws reue to 2 ml n then ilute y ing pproprite quntity of sterilize istille wter to mke finl volume of ml. These stok extrts were store t 4 ºC n use within four ys. The lower onentrtions of 1, 2, 3 n 4% of oth queous n methnol extrts of shoot n root were prepre y ing pproprite quntity of sterilize istille wter. To mke methnol ontrol, 2 ml of methnol ws e to sterilize istille wter to mke finl volume ml. Antifungl iossys with extrts Mlt extrt gr (MEA) meium ws prepre n oole to ºC. Approprite quntities of stok solution n istille wter were e to MEA meium to get 1, 2, 3 n 4% (v/v) onentrtions of shoot n root extrts in the meium. Control reeive the sme quntity of istille wter. The plnt extrts were thoroughly mixe with the meium. Twenty ml of eh meium ws poure in eh 9 m imeter sterilize Petri plte. Myelil iss of 5 mm imeter were tken with pre-sterilize ork orer from 5-7 ys ol ulture of A. riei n were ple in the entre of eh Petri plte fter soliifition of the MEA meium. Eh tretment ws replite thrie. Pltes were inute in n inutor t 25±2 ºC for 7 ys. Fungl growth ws mesure y verging the three imeters tken t right ngles for eh olony. Perentge growth inhiition of the fungl olonies ws lulte y pplying the following formul: Growth in ontrol - Growth in tretment Growth inhiition (%) = Growth in ontrol Sttistil nlysis All the t were nlyze y nlysis of vrine followe y Dunn s Multiple Rnge Test (Steel n Torrie, 198) using omputer softwre SPSS n COSTAT, respetively. Results n Disussion Effet of queous extrt of D. metel on growth rte of A. riei The results otine from perioi growth ssys of A. riei in vrious onentrtions of shoot n root queous extrt of D. metel showe signifint ntifungl tivity in ll the onentrtions in omprison to ontrol (Fig. 1). The results revele tht shoot extrt ws signifintly the most effetive in suppressing the olony growth s ompre to root extrt. The ssessment of onentrtion effet revele n inrese in growth rte with inrese inution perio. At initil growth stges ll the onentrtions invrily n insignifintly epresse the fungl growth while fter 7 ys inution ll extrt onentrtions epite onsierle epression in growth rte. The mximum ntimyoti tivity ws oserve y 1 & 3% shoot extrt. In ontrst 2 & 4% onentrtions epite less toxiity ginst A. riei. In se of root extrt vrile pttern of ntimyoti tivity ws oserve s 1 & 4% onentrtion of root extrt ws the most effetive in suppressing the growth of A. riei wheres 2 & 3% onentrtions were less epressive (Fig. 3A). Shoot extrt use out 21-33% epression in growth rte of the test orgnism while 15-25% reution ws notie y root extrt. The 1% onentrtion of oth shoot n root queous extrts showe mximum erese in fungl growth whih ws 33% in shoot extrt n 25% y root extrt (Fig. 4A). Effet of orgni extrt of D. metel on growth rte of A. riei Methnoli frtions exhiite more promising results in suppressing the fungl growth thn queous frtions. The perioi t regring fungl growth, expose to vrious onentrtions of methnoli extrts of Dtur metel re presente in Fig. 2. Differenes in growth rte were exhiite with respet to the onentrtions employe. The perioi ssys revele signifint reution in fungl growth rte in ll onentrtions. The frtions of shoot n root orgni extrts i not show ny prtiulr tren in response to inhiition. However, the lowest onentrtion 1% use signifint reution in myelil growth (Fig. 3B).
3 Fungitoxiity of queous n orgni solvent extrts 19 % 1% 2% 3% 4% A Shoot Extrt of Dtur metel Dy 1 Dy 2 Dy 3 Dy 4 Dy 5 Dy 6 Dy 7 Root Extrt of Dtur metel B Dy 1 Dy 2 Dy 3 Dy 4 Dy 5 Dy 6 Dy 7 Fig. 1: Perioi effet of queous shoot n root extrts of Dtur metel on fungl olony growth of Asohyt riei. Vertile rs show stnr errors of mens of three replites. For eh y vlues with ifferent letters show signifint ifferene (P =.5) s etermine y Dunn's Multiple Rnge Test. The omprison of ifferent onentrtions of shoot n root orgni extrts showe tht the %ge olony growth inhiition ws signifintly greter in shoot extrt in ontrst to root extrt (Fig. 4B). There ws -% reution in fungl growth ue to vrious employe onentrtions of shoot extrt. The 1% shoot extrt use highest reution of out % in fungl growth. Further inrese in extrt onentrtion exhiite signifint ifferene s ompre to 1% extrt. Different onentrtions of root extrt use -29% reution in fungl growth. Mximum reution of 29% ws epite y 1% root extrt. In the present stuy, two types of extrts of D. metel were use ginst A. riei. The results of this stuy lerly reflet tht D. metel hs the potentil to inue toxi effets on myelil growth n prolifertion of fungi. The reltive intensity of this effet, however, vries with the speies involve, s well s the onentrtion of the extrt employe. Erlier Shfique et l., (6) hve reporte tht llelopthi trees viz., Azirht ini, Mngifer ini, Meli zerh n Syzygium umini signifintly suppress the growth of Alternri lternt. Similrly, Bjw et l., (7) rrie out the stuy on ntifungl tivity of queous n n-hexne shoot extrts of Aloe ver ginst few pthogeni speies of Alternri lternt, A. itri n A. tenuissim. They reporte tht the inhiitory effet ws foun to e vrile with the pplie onentrtion n use signifint inhiition in iomss proution of the three test fungi Likewise, Dur et l., (4) reporte tht phytohemil extrtion of D. metel showe ntifungl (MIC 87.5 mg ml -1 ) tivity ginst Aspergillus fumigtus. Extrts in ifferent solvents exhiite vrile ntifungl tivity ginst in vitro growth of A. riei. Methnoli frtions exhiite more promising results in suppressing the fungl growth thn queous frtions. Likewise Dwivei n Duey (1986) reporte tht voltile frtions of two meiinl plnts,
4 Bjw et l. Azirht ini n Eulyptus gloules were more effetive ginst Mrophomin phseolin thn non-voltile frtions. The vrition in ntifungl tivity of the extrts in ifferent solvents my e ttriute to the ifferent hemil nture of the solvents. It is likely tht ifferent types of hemils were issolve in ifferent solvent tht resulte in vrile tivity of the extrts of sme prt of the plnt in ifferent solvents. There re mny exmples in the literture whih support our finings. Zfr et l., (2) reporte tht hloroform extrt of leves of M. zerh ws tive ginst Fusrium hlmosporum while hexne, ethnol n wter extrts were not. In similr kin of work Bjw et l., (6) reporte the ntimyoti tivity of queous n ihloromethne frtions of Cier rietinum ginst Drehsler tetrmer n D. hwiiensis. % 1% 2% 3% 4% A Shoot Extrt of Dtur metel Dy 1 Dy 2 Dy 3 Dy 4 Dy 5 Dy 6 Dy 7 Root Extrt of Dtur metel B Dy 1 Dy 2 Dy 3 Dy 4 Dy 5 Dy 6 Dy 7 Fig. 2: Perioi effet of orgni shoot n root extrts of Dtur metel on fungl olony growth of Asohyt riei. Vertile rs show stnr errors of mens of three replites. For eh y vlues with ifferent letters show signifint ifferene (P =.5) s etermine y Dunn's Multiple Rnge Test.
5 Fungitoxiity of queous n orgni solvent extrts 21 % 1% 2% 3% 4% A: Aqueous Extrts 7 Shoot Root B: Methnol Extrts Shoot Fig. 3: Effet of queous n orgni solvent extrts of Dtur metel on in vitro growth of Asohyt riei fter 7 ys of inution. Vertil rs show stnr error of mens of three replites. Vlues with ifferent letters show signifint ifferene s etermine y DMR Test. Root 1% 2% 3% 4% A Aqueous Extrt Shoot Root -5 Derese (%) B Methnol Extrt -5 Derese (%) Fig. 4: Perentge erese in olony imeter of Asohyt riei ue to ifferent onentrtions of queous n orgni solvent extrts of shoot n root of Dtur metel. Referenes Ahme SM, Aelgleil SAM, 5. Antifungl tivity of extrts n sesquiterpene ltones from Mgnoli grniflor L. (Mgnoliee). Int. J. Agri. Biol., 4: Alkhil AA, 5. Antifungl tivity of some extrts ginst some plnt
6 22 Bjw et l. pthogeni fungi. Pk. J. Biol. Si., 8: Anonymous, 4. Agriulturl Sttistis of Pkistn 2-3. Ministry of Foo, Agriulture n Live-stok. Enomi Division, Islm. Bjw R, Anjum T, Shfique S, Shfique S, 6. Evlution of ntifungl tivity of Cier rietinum L. Pk. J. Bot., 38: Bjw R, Shfique S, Shfique S, 7. Apprisl of ntifungl tivity of Aloe ver. Myopth, 5: 5-9. Dur R, Ali M, Singh H, Gupt J, Shrm GL, 4. A novel ntifungl pyrrole erivtive from Dtur metel leves. Phrmzie. 59: Duke, SO, Romgni JG, Dyn FE, (). Nturl prouts s soures for new mehnisms of heriil tion. Crop Prot., 19: Duke SO, Dyn FE, Aliot G, Romgni JG, (2). Chemils from nture for wee mngement. Wee Si., : Dwivei RS, Duey RC, Effet of voltile n non-voltile frtions of two meiinl plnts on germintion of Mrophomin phseolin sleroti. Trns. Brit. Myol. So., 87: 328. Ilys MB, Bshir M, Evlution of systemi fungiies for the ontrol of grm light. Pk. J. Agri. Si., 21: Iql SM, Bkhsh A, Mlik SR, Hqqni M, 5. Pthogeni vriility in Asohyt riei. Pk. J. Phytopthol., 17: Port-Pugili A, Infntino PR, Crino, Venor G, Asohyt light of hikpe: present sttus n prospets. Pk. J. Phytopthol., 9: Shfique S, Jvi A, Bjw R, Shfique S, 6. Effet of queous lef extrts of llelopthi trees on germintion n see orne myoflor of whet. In: strts, 9 th Ntionl Conferene of plnt sientists, Fe, 13-15, 6, University of Sinh, Jmshoro, Pkistn. Pp 47. Singh HP, Btish DR, Kohli RK, 4. Allelopthi Intertions n Allelohemils: New Possiilities for Sustinle Wee Mngement. Cri. Rev. Plnt Si., 22: Steel RGD, Torrie JH, 198 Priniples n Proeures of Sttistis. MGrw Hill Book Co., In, New York, USA. Zfr I, Mussrt S, Frrkh n B. Sherz, 2. Antifungl properties of some inigenous plnts from Peshwr vlley. Asin J. Plnt Si., 1(6):
Plant Growth Regulators in Spring Wheat. Anne Kirk, Craig Linde, and Pam de Rocquigny. Manitoba Agriculture
Plnt Growth Regultors in Spring Whet Anne Kirk, Crig Linde, nd Pm de Roquigny Mnito Agriulture Lodging is mjor rop prodution issue, espeilly in high yielding environments. Yield losses n rnge from 5 to
More informationGRAIN PROCESSING AND BYPRODUCT INTERACTIONS AN INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE
GRAIN PROCESSING AND BYPRODUCT INTERACTIONS AN INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE Roert J. Cooper Cttlemen s Nutrition Servies, LLC Linoln, NE rooper@ttleservies.om INTRODUCTION The vilility of orn milling yprouts hs
More informationLong term biosolids experiments: Nitrogen and Organic Matter
Long term iosolis experiments: Nitrogen n Orgni Mtter Crig Cogger, Any Bry, n Liz Myhre WSU Puyllup Tll fesue experiment 1993-2011 Puyllup, Wshington 2 Biosolis tretments: ewtere lss A ke n lss A ry prout
More informationEfficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Phormium Mealybugs on New. Zealand Flax, Phormium tenax.
1 Effiy of Seleted Insetiides Aginst Phormium Melyugs on New Zelnd Flx, Phormium tenx. Phormium tenx v. Dzler Jmes A. Bethke Pest Teh West 34920 Ornge St. Wildomr, CA. 92595 (951)-775-7172 ethkeugmn@erthlink.net
More informationOptimizing Ammonia with Traps to Manage Apple Maggot in Washington Wee Yee, Research Entomologist Pete Landolt, Research Entomologist
FINAL REPORT Projet Title: PI: Co-PI: Orgniztion: Optimizing Ammoni with Trps to Mnge Apple Mggot in Wshington Wee Yee, Reserh Entomologist Pete Lndolt, Reserh Entomologist USDA-ARS, Wpto, WA Ojetives:
More informationCarcass Gain, Efficiency, and Profitability of Steers at Extended Days on Feed
Crss Gin, Effiieny, n Profitility of Steers t Extene Dys on Fee Roert G. Bonurnt, Jim C. MDonl, Glen E. Erikson, Kte Brooks, Rik N. Funston, n Kelly Bruns Summry Steers were iniviully fe for 22 n 44 ys
More informationRHIZOCTONIA ON SUGARBEET FOLLOWING ROTATION CROPS. Carol E. Windels and Jason R. Brantner
RHIZOCTONIA ON SUGARBEET FOLLOWING ROTATION CROPS Crol E. Windels nd Json R. Brntner Professor nd Reserh Fellow, respetively University of Minnesot, Northwest Reserh nd Outreh Center, Crookston Rhizotoni
More informationEffects of pyriproxyfen and buprofezin on immature development and reproduction in the stable fly
University of Nersk - Linoln Digitlommons@University of Nersk - Linoln Pulitions from USDA-ARS / UNL Fulty U.S. Deprtment of Agriulture: Agriulturl Reserh Servie, Linoln, Nersk 212 Effets of pyriproxyfen
More informationASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
Asin Journl of Chemistry; Vol. 26, No. 16 (2014), 5087-5092 ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY http://x.oi.org/10.14233/jhem.2014.16324 Improvement of Antioxint Ativity of Whey Protein Hyrolyzte y Conjugtion with
More informationApply the Pythagorean Theorem
8. Apply the Pythgoren Theorem The Pythgoren theorem is nmed fter the Greek philosopher nd mthemtiin Pythgors (580500 B.C.E.). Although nient texts indite tht different iviliztions understood this property
More informationAsian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN Available online at
As. J. Food Ag-Ind. 212, 5(6), 547-553 Asin Journl of Food nd Agro-Industry ISSN 196-34 Aville online t www.jofi.info Reserh Artile Physiohemil properties nd eptne of high fire red inorported with orn
More information1 Measurement. What you will learn. World s largest cylindrical aquarium. Australian Curriculum Measurement and Geometry Using units of measurement
Austrlin Curriulum Mesurement nd Geometry Using units of mesurement hpter 1 Mesurement Wht you will lern 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Conversion of units Perimeter Cirumferene Are Are of irle Surfe
More information10mm SHOWER PANEL SIZES 1000 & 1200 SIZES 500, 600, 700, 800 & 900 SIZES 1000 & 1200 OPTION 1 - PAGES 2-4 OPTION 2 - PAGES 2-5 OPTION 3 - PAGES 6-7
SHOWER PANEL 785 / Issue / 5 SIZES 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 SIZES & SIZES & OPTION - PAGES - OPTION - PAGES - 5 OPTION 3 - PAGES 6-7 Plese red these instrutions refully nd keep for future referene. Inorret fitting
More informationFlow Divider / Combiner Cartridge Valves
Flow Divier / Cominer Vlves Type Pge Divie Only 9 Divier / Cominer, Close Centre 95 Synhronizing Divier / Cominer 96 Divier / Cominer, Close Centre, High 97 Int l Shortut Ctlogue #999-901-1 9 Flow Divier
More informationComparison of the Nitrification Efficiencies of Three Biofilter Media in a Freshwater System
Originl Artile Fish Aqut Si 4(4), 363-369, 2 Comprison of the Nitrifition Effiienies of Three Biofilter Medi in Freshwter System Diky Hrwnto,2, Sung-Yong Oh 3 nd Je-Yoon Jo,4 * Deprtment of Fisheries Biology,
More informationInfluence of vacuum level, pulsation rate and pulsator ratio on machine milking efficiency in local Greek goats
Livestok Proution Siene 64 (2000) 175 181 www.elsevier.om/ lote/ livprosi Influene of vuum level, pulstion rte n pulstor rtio on mhine milking effiieny in lol Greek gots, E. Sinpis *, I. Htziminoglou,
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETINApril 2016
SYN-86 TECHNICAL BULLETINApril 216 Synovex One-Feedlot Implnts in Feedlot Steers: Phse IIIB Studies in Nersk nd Texs Zoetis Florhm Prk, NJ 7932 Summry Two Phse IIIB studies 1,2 were conducted in feedlot
More informationEffects of Ascorbic Acid and Antioxidants on Color, Lipid Oxidation and Volatiles of Irradiated Ground Beef
Animl Industry Report AS 650 ASL R1857 2004 Effets of Asori Aid nd Antioxidnts on Color, Lipid Oxidtion nd Voltiles of Irrdited Ground Beef Dong U. Ahn Iow Stte University, duhn@istte.edu K. C. Nm Iow
More informationWorkrite Sierra HX & HXL Assembly Instructions for 3-leg Electric Workcenters
Workrite ierr HX & HXL Assemly Instrutions for 3-leg Eletri Workenters #1500216- Rev Workrite ierr HX & HXL Eletri Workenters - Assemly Instrutions for 3-leg les Rer Leg rket* Qty: 2 List of rts, grouped
More informationTest Bank for Code It 6th Edition by Green
Test Bnk for 3 2 1 Coe It 6th Eition y Green Link full ownlo of test nk : http://testnkir.om/ownlo/test-nk-for-3-2-1-oe-it-6th-eition-y-green/ Link full ownlo of solution mnul: http://testnkir.om/ownlo/solution-mnul-for-3-2-1-oe-it-6th-eition-y-green/
More informationThermal and Functional Characterization of Starch from Argentinean Corn 1
Therml nd Funtionl Chrteriztion of Strh from Argentinen Corn 1 K. Seethrmn, 2 A. Tziotis, 3 F. Borrs, 4 P. J. White, 3,5 M. Ferrer, 4 nd J. Routti 4 ABSTRACT Cerel Chem. 78(4):379 386 Sreening essions
More informationHCI Examination Please answer in Swedish or English
HCI Exmintion 02.06.04 8.45-12.45 Plese nswer in Swedish or English PLEASE HAND IN FIRST PAGE OF EXAMINATION SHEET (TES) IF YOU ANSWER MULITPLE CHOICE HERE PART I: NECESSARY FOR PASS (GODKÄNT) 1. Multiple
More informationInternational Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology
Int. J. Pure Appl. Si. Tehnol., 19(1) (2013), pp. 37-43 Interntionl Journl of Pure nd Applied Sienes nd Tehnology ISSN 2229-6107 Aville online t www.ijopst.in Reserh Pper Pthogeniity Evlution of Some Lol
More informationCoroutines in Propeller Assembly Language
www.prllxsemiondutor.om sles@prllxsemiondutor.om support@prllxsemiondutor.om phone: 916 632 4664 fx:916 624 8003 pplition Note oroutines in Propeller ssemly Lnguge strt: The multiore P8X32 does not require
More informationImpaired arterial oxygenation is the result of abnormal gas
AUSTRALIA S PREMIER VETERINARY SCIENCE TEXT Effet of reuing inspire oxygen onentrtion on oxygention prmeters uring generl nesthesi in horses in lterl or orsl reumeny E Uquills, CM Drt, NR Perkins n AJ
More informationHistorical trend of hourly extreme rainfall in Peninsular Malaysia
Theor Appl Climtol (2015) 120:259 285 DOI 10.1007/s00704-014-1145-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Historil tren of hourly extreme rinfll in Peninsulr Mlysi A. H. Syfrin & M. D. Zlin & L. Juneng Reeive: 9 My 2013 /Aepte:
More informationRight Triangle Trigonometry
ONDENSED LESSON 1.1 Right Tringle Trigonometr In this lesson ou will lern out the trigonometri rtios ssoited with right tringle use trigonometri rtios to find unknown side lengths in right tringle use
More informationLevel 2/3 Certificates in Hospitality and Catering Principles (Technical Certificates) /33
Level 2/3 Certifites in Hospitlity n Ctering Priniples (Tehnil Certifites) 7091-32/33 www.itynguils.om Version 1.11 (Otoer 2017) Qulifition hnook Aout City & Guils As the UK s leing votionl eution orgnistion,
More informationName Class Date SAMPLE. Complete the missing numbers in the sequences below. 753, ,982. The area of the shape is approximately cm 2
End of term: TEST A You will need penil. Yer 5 Nme Clss Dte 1 2 Complete the missing numers in the sequenes elow. 200 3926 4926 400 500 700 7926 753,982 553,982 Estimte the re of the shpe elow. The re
More information2014 WHEAT PROTEIN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN
2014 WHEAT PROTEIN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN Aron Wlters, Coopertor Ryford Schulze, Coopertor Dniel Hthcot, Extension Progrm Specilist Dr. Clrk Neely, Extension Stte Smll Grins Specilist Ryn Collett, Extension
More informationContents TRIGONOMETRIC METHODS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
ontents UNIT 7 TRIGONOMETRI METHODS Lesson 1 Trigonometric Functions................... 462 1 onnecting ngle Mesures nd Liner Mesures.............. 463 2 Mesuring Without Mesuring.........................
More informationAndrostenedione rhythms in saliva in congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Arhives of Disese in Childhood, 1988, 63, 624-628 Androstenedione rhythms in sliv in ongenitl drenl hyperplsi M C YOUNG, R F WALKER, D RIAD-FAHMY, AND I A HUGHES Deprtment of Child Helth nd Tenovus Institute,
More information400 Series Flat Panel Monitor Arm Rotate Mount Double Pivot P/L
User's Guide 400 Series Flt Pnel Monitor Arm Rotte Mount Doule Pivot P/L < 23ls. (10.44 kg) For the ltest User Instlltion Guide plese visit: www.ergotron.om 1 of 10 Hzrd Symols Review These symols lert
More informationA Measurement Framework for National Key Performance Measures
MINISTERIAL COUNCIL ON EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT, TRAINING AND YOUTH AFFAIRS Performnce Mesurement nd Reporting Tskforce Working for qulity eduction outcomes A Mesurement Frmework for Ntionl Key Performnce
More informationSouthwest Research-Extension Center
KSU Southwest Reserh-Extension Center INFLUENCE OF DELAYED PROCESSING AND MASS MEDICATION WITH EITHER CHLORTETRACYCLINE (CTC) OR TILMICOSIN PHOSPHATE (MICOTIL) ON HEALTH AND GROWTH OF HIGHLY STRESSED CALVES
More informationFino Installation Instructions
Fino nstlltion nstrutions #1500154- Rev C Fino nstlltion nstrutions A Light Fixture Trnsformer Qty: 0 or 1 1 C Prts Rotting Mgneti Mounts Qty: 3 or 6 2 D Fixe Mgneti Mounts Qty: 4 or 8 2 E Rotting Woo
More informationIn any right-angle triangle the side opposite to the right angle is called the Label the Hypotenuse in each diagram above.
9 Ademi Mth Dte: Pythgoren Theorem RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLE - A right tringle is tringle with one 90 0 ngle. For exmple: In ny right-ngle tringle the side opposite to the right ngle is lled the Lbel the Hypotenuse
More information6 TRIGONOMETRY TASK 6.1 TASK 6.2. hypotenuse. opposite. adjacent. opposite. hypotenuse 34. adjacent. opposite. a f
1 6 TIGONOMETY TK 6.1 In eh tringle elow, note the ngle given nd stte whether the identified side is in the orret position or not. 1. 4. opposite 41 2. djent 3. 58 63 djent 32 hypotenuse 5. 68 djent 6.
More informationHook-up Checklist for the Ranger PM7000 (EU)
Rnger Hook-up Cheklist for the Rnger (EU) Reserh Limited Reserh Limited Step 1. Estlish type of instlltion (e.g. no. of phses). Step 2. Estlish type of trnsduers (PTs, CTs et.). Step 3. Choose one of the
More informationLesson 2 PRACTICE PROBLEMS Using Trigonometry in Any Triangle
Nme: Unit 6 Trigonometri Methods Lesson 2 PRTIE PROLEMS Using Trigonometry in ny Tringle I n utilize the Lw of Sines nd the Lw of osines to solve prolems involving indiret mesurement in non-right tringles.
More informationPhysiological and behavioural effects of changeover from conventional to automatic milking in dairy cows with and without previous experience
Vet. Med. Czeh, 50, 2005 (6): 253 261 Originl Pper Physiologil nd ehviourl effets of hngeover from onventionl to utomti milking in diry ows with nd without previous experiene D. WEISS 1, E. MOESTL 2, R.
More informationGEO GRAPHICAL RESEARCH
23 5 2004 9 GEO GRAPHICAL RESEARCH Vol123, No15 Sept1, 2004 1,2, 2 (11, 710069 ; 21 710054) :,,,,, ;, : ; ; ; ; : P467 ; P531 : 100020585 (2004) 0520641208 1,, [13 ],, 1985 [4 ], [5 ],,,,, [6 ], -, L1L6
More informationBiological Control 56 (2011) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Biological Control. journal homepage:
Biologil Control 56 (211) 98 15 Contents lists ville t SieneDiret Biologil Control journl homepge: www.elsevier.om/lote/yon Evlution of herivore-indued plnt voltiles for monitoring green lewings in Wshington
More informationChapter 31 Pythagoras theorem and trigonometry (2)
HPTR 31 86 3 The lengths of the two shortest sides of right-ngled tringle re m nd ( 3) m respetively. The length of the hypotenuse is 15 m. Show tht 2 3 108 Solve the eqution 2 3 108 Write down the lengths
More informationMorphological, growth and meadow characteristics of the seagrass Posidonia sinuosa along a depthrelated gradient of light availability
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 337: 103 115, 2007 Pulished My 14 Mr Eol Prog Ser Morphologil, growth nd medow hrteristis of the segrss Posidoni sinuos long depthrelted grdient of light vilility Ctherine
More informationThe role of grass volatiles on oviposition site selection by Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles coluzzii
Asmre et l. Mlr J (27) 6:65 DOI.86/s2936-7-77-z Mlri Journl RESEARCH Open Aess The role of grss voltiles on oviposition site seletion y Anopheles riensis n Anopheles oluzzii Yelfwgsh Asmre,2, Shron R.
More informationSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Pertnik J. Si. & Tehnol. 5 (): 575-586 (017) SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Journl homepge: http://www.pertnik.upm.edu.my/ Smple Size nd Non-Normlity Effets on Goodness of Fit Mesures in Struturl Eqution Models
More informationALLMATIC CENTRO GRIPP FOR CENTRAL GRIPPING
186 186 ALLMATIC CENTRO GRIPP FOR CENTRAL GRIPPING Our ll-rouner stns out for its super preision n urility. Centrl lmping of workpiee for onventionl lmping n lmping of unmine prts. Iel for five-sie mining.
More information7.2 Assess Your Understanding
538 HPTER 7 pplitions of Trigonometri Funtions 7. ssess Your Understnding re You Prepred? nswers re given t the end of these exerises. If you get wrong nswer, red the pges listed in red. 1. The differene
More informationRuth Foster, M.Ed. Author
Eitor Eri Migliio Mnging Eitor In Mssler Levin, M.A. Illustrtor Viki Frser Cover Artist Bren DiAntonis Art Proution Mnger Kevin Brnes Imging Jmes Ewr Gre Ros C. See Pulisher Mry D. Smith, M.S. E. Author
More informationYunus Alparslan*, Tuba Baygar, Taçnur Baygar, Hatice Hasanhocaoglu and Cansu Metin. Introduction. original scientific paper ISSN (FTB-3457)
Y. ALPARSLAN et l.: Qulity of Rinow Trout Stored in Geltin Film, Food Tehnol. Biotehnol. () () ISSN -9 (FTB-7) originl sientifi pper Effets of Geltin-Bsed Edile Films Enrihed with Lurel Essentil Oil on
More informationComparison of Uniconazole Products on Greenhouse Crops
A Report Sumitted to Fine Americs, Inc. Comprison of Uniconzole Products on Greenhouse Crops Spring 2006 Mtthew Blnchrd, Roerto Lopez, Mike Olrich, nd Erik Runkle Michign Stte University OBJECTIVE The
More informationApply the Law of Sines. You solved right triangles. You will solve triangles that have no right angle.
13.5 pply te Lw of Sines TEKS.1,.4, 2.4.; P.3.E efore Now You solved rigt tringles. You will solve tringles tt ve no rigt ngle. Wy? So you n find te distne etween frwy ojets, s in Ex. 44. Key Voulry lw
More informationFirst Aid in School Policy
First Aid in School Policy Approved y the Governing Body of West Monkton Church of Englnd Primry School: Reviewed y Governors nd Agreed: Septemer 2017 At West Monkton we im to e n inspirtionl community,
More informationSt Ac Ex Sp TOPICS (Text and Practice Books) 4.1 Triangles and Squares Pythagoras' Theorem - -
MEP: Demonstrtion Projet UNIT 4 Trigonometry N: Shpe, Spe nd Mesures e,f St Ex Sp TOPIS (Text nd Prtie ooks) 4.1 Tringles nd Squres - - - 4. Pythgors' Theorem - - 4.3 Extending Pythgors' Theorem - - 4.4
More informationContents. Introduction... 4 About Twin Beads and SuperDuos... 5 Tools and Materials... 6 Techniques... 8
Contents Introution... 4 Aout Twin Bes n SuperDuos.... 5 Tools n Mterils... 6 Tehniques.... 8 Brelets Duet twin peyote stith... 17 City Lights twin squre stith... 19 Nine Pth twin right-ngle weve... 22
More informationTubbs 06. Soft White Winter Wheat. Variety description
New Whet Vrieties Tubbs 06 Soft White Winter Whet EM 8993-E December 2009 Michel Flowers, C. Jmes Peterson, Andrew Hulting, John Burns, Stephen Guy, nd John Kuehner Vriety description Tubbs 06 is common
More informationCS 188: Artificial Intelligence Spring Announcements
CS 188: Artificil Intelligence Spring 2011 Lecture 19: Dynmic Byes Nets, Nïve Byes 4/6/2011 Pieter Aeel UC Berkeley Slides dpted from Dn Klein. Announcements W4 out, due next week Mondy P4 out, due next
More informationINVESTIGATION 2. What s the Angle?
INVESTIGATION 2 Wht s the Angle? In the previous investigtion, you lerned tht when the rigidity property of tringles is comined with the ility to djust the length of side, the opportunities for useful
More informationThe dark side of gloss
The drk side of gloss Juno Kim, Phillip J Mrlow & Brton L Anderson Our visul system relies on the imge struture generted y the intertion of light with ojets to infer their mteril properties. One widely
More informationLesson 8: Application Technology
The type of ppliction equipment used must suit the type of ppliction. In this module, you ll lern the prts of the most common types of ppliction equipment used by ssistnt pplictors, s well s how to properly
More informationDietary Whey Protein Decreases Food Intake and Body Fat in Rats
rtiles Integrtive Physiology nture pulishing group Dietry Whey Protein Dereses Food Intke nd Body Ft in Rts June Zhou 1 3, Mihel J. Keenn 2, Jk N. Losso 2, Anne M. Rggio 1,2, Li Shen 1,2, Kthleen L. MCutheon
More informationWASTE ROCK MANAGEMENT AT SANGATTA COAL MINE A CULTURAL CHANGE. By Peter Scott HLA- Envirosciences Pty Limited
WASTE ROK MANAGEMENT AT SANGATTA OAL MINE A ULTURAL HANGE By Peter Scott HLA- Envirosciences Pty Limited WASTE ROK MANAGEMENT AT SANGATTA OAL MINE - A ULTURAL HANGE AKNOWLEDGEMENTS Deddi Hndiko Mtthew
More informationNanobiophysical exploration of transthyretin amyloid fibrils Final report
Nnoiophysicl explortion of trnsthyretin myloid firils Finl report Summry In this work we used AFM to follow the myloidogenetic pthwy of trnsthyretin (TTR) y imging the events leding to the formtion of
More informationIncremental Dependency Parsing
Inrementl Dependeny Prsing Mihel Fell 9 June 2011 1 Overview - Inrementl Dependeny Prsing - two lgorithms - evlution - enerl ritiism on present pprohes - possile improvements - ummry 2 Dependeny Prsing
More informationCHAPTER 4. Surface Root-zone Water Content and Bentgrass Water Stress. During Drydown for Selected Putting Green Construction.
CHAPTER 4 Surfce Root-zone Wter Content nd Bentgrss Wter Stress During Drydown for Selected Putting Green Construction Systems ABSTRACT Creeping entgrss, cool-seson grss used extensively in golf courses
More informationUC Agriculture & Natural Resources California Agriculture
UC Agriulture & Nturl Resoures Cliforni Agriulture Title High temperture ffets olive fruit fly popultions in Cliforni s Centrl Vlley Permlink https://esholrship.org/u/item/79k8f3z Journl Cliforni Agriulture,
More informationStress inhibition of melatonin synthesis in the pineal organ of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is mediated by cortisol
214. Pulished y The Compny of iologists Ltd The Journl of Experimentl iology (214) 217, 147-1416 doi:1.1242/je.87916 RESEARCH ARTICLE Stress inhiition of meltonin synthesis in the pinel orgn of rinow trout
More informationGrade 6. Mathematics. Student Booklet SPRING 2011 RELEASED ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS. Record your answers on the Multiple-Choice Answer Sheet.
Grde 6 Assessment of Reding, Writing nd Mthemtics, Junior Division Student Booklet Mthemtics SPRING 211 RELEASED ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS Record your nswers on the Multiple-Choice Answer Sheet. Plese note:
More informationTropospheric biennial oscillation of summer monsoon rainfall over East Asia and its association with ENSO
Clim Dyn (2015) 45:1747 1759 DOI 10.1007/s00382-014-2429-5 Tropospheri iennil osilltion of summer monsoon rinfll over Est Asi n its ssoition with ENSO Yunyun Liu Zeng Zhen Hu Arun Kumr Peito Peng Dn C.
More informationTeeJay Publishers Homework for Level C book Ch 12 - Length & Area
Chpter 12 Exerise Perentges 1 Length & Are 1. Would you use ruler, tpe mesure or r odometer to mesure : your tehers height the length of 5 note the length of your edroom d the distne from Glsgow to Crlisle?
More informationJUNE 2018 Level 2 Technical Certificate in Equine Care Level 2 Equine Care Theory Exam (1)
*01725260618* 0172-526 JUNE 2018 Level 2 Tehnil Certifite in Equine Cre Level 2 Equine Cre Theory Exm (1) Friy 22 June 2018 09:30 11:30 You shoul hve the following for this exmintion multiple-hoie nswer
More informationChemical control of epibiosis by Hong Kong sponges: the effect of sponge extracts on micro- and macrofouling communities
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 297: 119 129, 2005 Pulished August 1 Mr Eol Prog Ser Chemil ontrol of epiiosis y Hong Kong sponges: the effet of sponge extrts on miro- nd mrofouling ommunities Sergey
More informationModels 461-S, 461-8S and S Regulators Regulators Installation and Maintenance Instructions
RM-1330 R7 Moels 461-S, 461-8S n 461-1S Regultors Regultors Instlltion n Mintenne Instrutions Instlltion n Mintenne Instrutions Moel 461-S, 461-8S, n 461-1S Regultor Regultor Moels 461-S, 461-8S, n 461-1S
More informationDebt in Political Campaigns*
Det in Politil Cmpigns* Alexei Ovthinnikov nd Philip Vlt Mrh 10, 2017 Astrt Det is signifint soure of funding of politil mpigns. Almost hlf of ll mpigns rely on some form of det. We show tht indeted politiins
More informationAPPLICATION OF POLISH CALCIUM SORBENTS IN CARBONATE LOOPING
Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process. 49(), 203, 20 www.minproc.pwr.wroc.pl/journl/ Physicochemicl Problems of Minerl Processing ISSN 643-049 (print) ISSN 2084-4735 (online) Received April 3, 202; reviewed;
More informationMcAfee Change Control and Application Control Installation Guide For use with epolicy Orchestrator and 4.6.0
MAfee Chnge Control n Applition Control 6.0.0 Instlltion Guie For use with epoliy Orhestrtor 4.5.0 n 4.6.0 COPYRIGHT Copyright 2011 MAfee, In. All Rights Reserve. No prt of this pulition my e reproue,
More informationEffects of Ascorbic Acid and Antioxidants on the Color of Irradiated Ground Beef K.C. NAM AND D.U. AHN
JFS: Food Chemistry nd Toxiology Effets of Asori Aid nd Antioxidnts on the Color of Irrdited Ground Beef K.C. NAM AND D.U. AHN Food Chemistry nd Toxiology ABSTRACT: Irrdition signifintly deresed the redness
More informationMinnesota s Wild Turkey Harvest Fall 2016, Spring 2017
Minnesot s Wild Turkey Hrvest Fll 2016, Spring 2017 Lindsey Messinger Frmlnd Wildlife Popultions nd Reserch Group Minnesot Deprtment of Nturl Resources Mdeli, Minnesot 15 August 2017 Summry of Seson Structure
More informationHepatic P450 Enzyme Activity, Tissue Morphology and Histology of Mink (Mustela vison) Exposed to Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans
Arh Environ Contm Toxiol (9) 57:416 425 DOI 1.17/s244-8-9241-3 Hepti P45 Enzyme Ativity, Tissue Morphology nd Histology of Mink (Mustel vison) Exposed to Polyhlorinted Dienzofurns Jeremy N. Moore Æ John
More informationHeavy Metals in Garra gotyla, Cyprinus carpio and Cyprinion watsoni from the River Panjkora, District, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
1 Environmentl Sienes Vol.59: e16160321, Jnury-Deemer 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2016160321 ISSN 1678-4324 Online Edition BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AN I N T E R N A T I
More informationDebt and Incentives in Political Campaigns *
Det nd Inentives in Politil Cmpigns * Alexei Ovthinnikov nd Philip Vlt Mrh 15, 2017 Astrt Det is signifint soure of funding of politil mpigns, with lmost hlf of ll mpigns relying on some form of det. In
More informationDebt and Incentives in Political Campaigns *
Det nd Inentives in Politil Cmpigns * Alexei Ovthinnikov nd Philip Vlt August 10, 2017 Astrt Det is signifint soure of funding of politil mpigns, with lmost hlf of ll mpigns relying on some form of det.
More informationCC24-7 ELITE. Temperature Controller USER S MANUAL Legion Dr. Mason, MI USA April 2011 Ph. (517) Fax (517)
Temperture Controller CC24-7 ELITE USER S MANUAL Ative Alrms Selet Progrm Room Set Point Min Vent Timer Vent Door / Stti Pressure Tunnel Curtin Messge Center USER DEFINED SHORT-CUT KEY Aeroteh, In. FORM:
More informationChp. 3_4 Trigonometry.notebook. October 01, Warm Up. Pythagorean Triples. Verifying a Pythagorean Triple... Pythagorean Theorem
Chp. 3_4 Trigonometry.noteook Wrm Up Determine the mesure of the vrile in ech of the following digrms: x + 2 x x 5 x + 3 Pythgoren Theorem - is fundmentl reltionship mongst the sides on RIGHT tringle.
More informationPROTECTION FROM HAND-ARM TRANSMITTED VIBRATION USING ANTIVIBRATON GLOVES
PROTECTION FROM HAND-ARM TRANSMITTED VIBRATION USING ANTIVIBRATON GLOVES VLADO GOGLIA IGOR ĐUKIĆ JOSIP ŢGELA Abstrct There re vrious wys of reducing the helth-hzrds of hnd-trnsmitted vibrtion. One of the
More informationQuantifying Efficacy and Avoidance Behavior by Tawny Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Scapteriscus vicinus) to Three Synthetic Insecticides
Quntifying Efficcy nd Avoidnce Behvior y Twny Mole Crickets (Orthopter: Gryllotlpide: Scpteriscus vicinus) to Three Synthetic Insecticides Authors: D. E. Silcox, C. E. Sorenson, nd R. L. Brndenurg Source:
More informationMATHEMATICAL PRACTICES In the Solve It, you used what you know about triangles to find missing lengths. Key Concept Law of Sines
8-5 -20-5 Lw of Sines ontent Stndrds G.SRT.11 Understnd nd ppl the Lw of Sines... to find unknown mesurements in right nd non-right tringles... lso G.SRT.10 Ojetives To ppl the Lw of Sines 66 ft 35 135
More informationSGP-20S SGP-25S SGP-32S SGP-40S. Price $ $ $ $ Filtered compressed air, lubricated or non-lubricated
SGP-S -JW SELF-ENTERING PRLLEL PNEUMTI GRIPPER (SERIES SGP-S) Double-ting. Ptented bklsh djusting system. High performne in ompt size. The rugged onstrution ensures trouble-free long life nd relibility
More informationRecall that the area of a triangle can be found using the sine of one of the angles.
Nme lss Dte 14.1 Lw of Sines Essentil Question: How n you use trigonometri rtios to find side lengts nd ngle mesures of non-rigt tringles? Resoure Loker Explore Use n re Formul to Derive te Lw of Sines
More informationHD CONDUIT MIN. 10% FALL CHAMBER MONITORING SYSTEM HD CONDUIT REFER NOTE 13 SECTION C-C DETAILS OF BENCHING
FLOT SWITH DN50 upv PRESSURE FOR SENSOR TUING ( OVER) REFER TO 4 ND FLOT SWITH (50%) DN80 upv SUTION (600 OVER) GRVITY SEWER MINS FLL TOWRDS SUMP REFER TO NOTE 9 PLN (OVERS REMOVED) SLIDE GTE VLVE ± HMER
More informationREVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA
Rev Pul Peitr. 2015;33(1):63 71 REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA www.rppe.om.r ORIGINAL ARTICLE Mesurements of oy ft istriution: ssessment of ollinerity with oy mss, iposity n height in femle olesents Ptríi
More informationWorking Paper: Reversal Patterns
Remember to welcome ll ides in trding. AND remember to reserve your opinion until you hve independently vlidted the ide! Working Pper: Reversl Ptterns Working Pper In this pper I wnt to review nd (hopefully)
More informationFeeding Working and Performance Horses
Reviewe August 2009 Agex 460/50-5 Feeing Working n Performne Horses The horse is n inreile thlete, exelling t oth mximl sprinting, suh s ring or roeo events, n low-intensity, long urtion tivities, suh
More informationRULES OF INDOOR HOCKEY
RULES OF INDOOR HOCKEY 2007-2008 Rules of Indoor Hokey inluding explntions Effetive from 1 Jnury 2007 for the yers 2007 nd 2008 Copyright FIH 2006 The Interntionl Hokey Federtion Rue du Vlentin 61 CH
More informationSmall Game Hunter Lead Shot Communication Study. Executive Summary. A cooperative study conducted by:
8 Smll Gme Hunter Led Shot Communiction Study Executive Summry A coopertive study conducted y: Minnesot Coopertive Fish nd Wildlife Reserch Unit Minnesot Deprtment of Nturl Resources 9 Smll Gme Hunter
More informationChapter 5. Triangles and Vectors
www.ck12.org Chpter 5. Tringles nd Vectors 5.3 The Lw of Sines Lerning Objectives Understnd how both forms of the Lw of Sines re obtined. Apply the Lw of Sines when you know two ngles nd non-included side
More informationAn Indian Journal FULL PAPER ABSTRACT KEYWORDS. Trade Science Inc. The tennis serve technology based on the AHP evaluation of consistency check
[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] ISSN : 097-7 Volume 0 Issue 0 BioTechnology 0 An Indin Journl FULL PAPER BTAIJ, 0(0), 0 [-7] The tennis serve technology bsed on the AHP evlution of consistency check
More informationAquadue Duplo Page 1
Connt th timr to th tp. quu Duplo Pg 1 Usr mnul TIME DY STRT STOP CNCEL TIME DY lik! STRT STOP CNCEL TIME DY For quu Duplo (p/n): 8410 Opn th timr unit y prssing th two uttons on th sis, n fit 9V lklin
More informationbark bark bat bat Multiple Meaning Words: Kindergarten to Grade 2 More Teaching Tools at harsh sound made by a dog
the brk the brk bt bt hrsh sound mde by dog Mx, stop brking! outside cover of the trunks, brnches, nd roots of woody plnts The brk of this tree is very rough. club of wood or metl used to hit the bll in
More information