EXHIBITION CONTINUES INSIDE

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1 EXHIBITION CONTINUES INSIDE

2 EXHIBITION CONTINUES INSIDE

3 Royal Horse & Royal Field Artillery, photographed in 1918, contained Limerick man Christopher Sheehan (far right, on one knee). Image: Limerick Museum

4 A gymnastics display at Limburg prisoner of war camp. These helped to alleviate the boredom in the camps. T. P. O'Brien spent most of the war in the camps after being captured at Etreux. Image: A O Brien

5 The POW camps held soldiers from many countries fighting on the allied side in the First World War. Image: A O Brien

6 Austrian soldiers leaving Limburg, displaying their messages of goodbye on the side of the train carriage. Image: A O Brien

7 Captains Nightingale, Dorman and Filgate, photographed outside Battalion HQ mess at Helles, Gallipoli, July All members of the Royal Munster Fusiliers. Nightingale survived, Dorman was killed at Gallipoli and Filgate was killed in France. Image: Imperial War Museum

8 American soldiers displaying the versatile and powerful Lewis gun, Image: Library of Congress US

9 Soldiers demonstrating going over the top of the sandbag trench and into new territory. Image: British Library

10 A group of soldiers try to pull a trapped horse back up to the roadside after being blown into the ditch by a shell-burst. Image: Imperial War Museum

11 Map of the battles of the Royal Munster Fusiliers at Fesmy and Etreux in August Image: Imperial War Museum

12 Photograph of the devastation of V-Beach at Gallipoli, 25th April 1915, after the attempted landing by the Royal Munster and Royal Dublin Fusiliers. Image: Imperial War Museum

13 Gallipoli 1915 Gallipoli was the final resting place for seventy five men from Limerick. The scale of the losses is only recently being recognised. The Gallipoli Campaign aimed to break the stalemate on the Western Front by opening up a new front in the Mediterranean. The Royal Munster Fusiliers, the Dublin Fusiliers and the ANZACS suffered appalling losses. The heat, lack of water and lack of shelter made dreadful conditions for eight months, ending in a complete withdrawal. 15,000 Irishmen served during this campaign, and 3,000 were killed. As the troops disembarked from the River Clyde at Gallipoli, 25 April 1915, they were exposed to relentless Turkish machine-gun fire and were mown down at every stage in the process, coming down the gangplank, on the short journey to the shore, in the small boats, and landing on the beach. The Munsters landing at Gallipoli On 25 April 1915, the 1st Battalion of the Munsters arrived at V beach in Gallipoli on board the SS River Clyde. The men landing had no cover from machine-gun fire from the Turks as the beach was surrounded by tall cliffs. The landings were planned badly as the Allies were unfamilier with the depth of the water and the terrain. As A view of V Beach and small boats from the SS River Clyde. Image: Imperial War Museum the men bravely left the ship they were completely exposed to the relentless machine-gun fire. The sea was red with blood as many jumped into the water and were shot or drowned with the weight of their equipment. When roll call was taken on 11th May, two weeks later, only 7 officers and 372 men survived from the original regiment of 26 officers and 900 men. Roll call of the Royal Munster Fusiliers, 11 May Image: Imperial War Museum They had had no rest; most of them had been fighting all night, all had landed across the corpses of their friends. No retreat was possible, nor was it dreamed of John Masefield John Walters from Watch House Cross, was a member of the the Royal Munster Fusiliers who was missing, presumed dead on the 21st August in Gallipoli. He had enlisted in 1912 following his brothers, Fred and George who survived the war. George (sitting) and John Walters. Image: Sharon Slater

14 End of the War 1918 End Game In the early autumn of 1918 a hundred days of semimobile warfare forced the Germans back beyond the Hindenburg line and freed much of occupied France and Belgium. Better co-ordination, use of technology and American support eventually defeated Germany whose morale was dipping due to severe shortages of supplies especially at home. A line of soldiers blinded by tear gas at the Battle of Estaires being treated at an advanced dressing station. Image: Imperial War Museum Limerick s Military Tradition since 1918 The Irish Army was established in 1922 and Limerick became the headquarters of the 12th Infantry Battalion, stationed at Sarsfield Barracks. These have served all over the world on peace-keeping duties with the United Nations. Limerick men have continued to enlist and serve abroad. Lieutenant-General Gerry McMahon served as Chief of Staff of the Irish Defence Forces from , while Lieutenant-General Pat Nash was in charge of the United Nations forces in Chad from 2007 to Ceremony of laying up of the colours of the Royal Munster Fusiliers at the Tower of London, 15 February Image: Imperial War Museum The New Barracks built in 1795 was the main residence of the military in Limerick. Burned by the IRA in 1922 it was re-built and re-named Sarsfield Barracks in 1929.

15 Technology Tanks, airplanes, aircraft carriers and chemical warfare were employed for the first time in World War 1. Machine guns, mass quantities of long-range artillery, effective hand grenades, mortars, and barbed wire were all in use before 1914 but became more effective during the four years of the war. These were responsible for the wholesale slaughter in World War 1 as they were used by both sides. Tanks Image: James Walker, Dublin In September 1916 tanks were introduced at the Somme. Their caterpillar tracks meant they could break down barbed wire, cross trenches and get through mud. The first tanks kept breaking down. In July 1918 they played a significant role in the One Hundred Days offensive that broke the German lines. Tank in New Barracks, Limerick, 1918 Poison Gas Poison gas was used for the first time in World War 1. It caused great terror as it choked and blinded men and some, such as mustard gas, were fatal. Frank O Reilly from Old Clare Street, Limerick enlisted in He fought in the Battle of the Somme, where he was gassed. He survived but had poor health until his death in A Vickers machine-gun crew Image: Imperial War Museum Airplanes Air duels were fought with great publicity in the First World War, but their main use was for reconnaissance and observation. Lieutenant John J. Cowell from Athlunkard Terrace, Limerick was an ace as he won 15 of 16 aerial engagements. On 30 July 1918 he was shot down by a German ace. He is buried Longuenesse, Souvenir Cemetery Pas de Calais, France. Image: Patrick Brosnahan Machine Guns Machine guns were in used in the American Civil War and the Boer War, but were used on a mass scale for the first time in World War 1. The Vickers machine gun could discharge 500 rounds per minute in comparison to 25 for a standard Lee Enfield rifle. Submarines The modern submarine was invented by Clare man John Philip Holland ( ), who attended the CBS in Sexton Street, Limerick. German U-boats stalked the oceans and wreaked havoc on allied shipping during the war A Vickers machine-gun Image: Photos.com A British submarine Image: Denmark Library

16 The Lusitania Tragedy The United States of America was determined to remain neutral when war broke out in The sinking of the Lusitania was a major factor in drawing America into the war. The ship sank in eighteen minutes when it was hit by a single torpedo from a German U-boat eleven miles off the Irish coast on 7th May ,198 people were lost and 128 of these were American. Germany maintained that the Lusitania was carrying munitions but suspended attacks. Germany resumed attacks on shipping in 1917 and America decided to enter the war on 4th April The two million American troops that joined the allied forces was a decisive factor in the allied victory. Image: Photos.com Image: John Shirley, Dublin The Lusitania Oar This oar from a Lusitania life boat was washed ashore near Kilkee, Co. Clare. The ship was slightly smaller than the Titanic with 22 lifeboats, 34 collapsable lifeboats and 14 rafts. Some were never launched and people were plucked out of the water. 761 survived the sinking of the ship. Eight Limerick people were among the victims, including three from Kilmallock; husband and wife Joseph and Teresa Feely, and 23-year-old Katherine Gleason who was returning from Chicago to visit her family. The ship now lies eleven miles off the Old Head of Kinsale, County Cork.

17 Progress of the War Somme. The whole history of the world cannot contain a more ghastly word Friedriech Steinbrecher, a German Officer The Somme 1916 The British made a major attempt to break the deadlock in On the first day of battle on 1st July, 20,000 were killed and a further 37,000 injured. Losses on both sides after four months mounted to 1 million with very little change in the battle lines. Officers of the 12th Division, Royal Artillery observing fire and reporting back the results of the bombardment of Arras, April Image: Imperial War Museum Soldiers going up, prisoners coming down, August Image: British Library Passchendaele 1917 Another disastrous British offensive, the battle lasted for three months and resulted in 450,000 casualties but little change. Lance Sergeant John Boland from Conigar, Mungret was killed on the first day of the battle on 31st July He fought with the second division of the Royal Munster Fusiliers and is commemorated on the Menin Gate, Ypres, Belgium. 16 million horses, dogs and pigeons were used by the allies during the war, with more than half of these being killed on the frontlines. Image: Nation Library France J. Irvine and P. Gibbs, journalists based on the frontline, watch an aerial combat dogfight. Image: Imperial War Museum

18 The Navy As a port city Limerick had a long naval tradition and the Royal Navy was based in Foynes in the 1900 s There was a strong link between Limerick fishermen and the navy. Many of the fishermen in Limerick chose to enlist with the Navy over the infantry. During the War 11,000 Irishmen served with the Navy. The Tragedy of Coonagh The Limerick village of Coonagh on the River Shannon experienced one of the highest death tolls per head of population of any town or village in World War 1. Eleven of its young men died during the war, 5.5 percent of the total population of 200. Eight of these died on 13 May 1915 off the coast of Gallipoli, when HMS Goliath was torpedoed; Richard Allen, Maurice Cronin, Patrick Cronin, Patrick Darby, John Davis, Thomas Davis, Thomas Grimes and Michael Hickey. Locals still recall that when news of this terrible tragedy reached Coonagh, the local women began crying for the dead so loudly they could be heard in Mungret on the opposite bank of the Shannon. Commercials GAA Club won the Limerick County Football final in Four of the players were from Coonagh. Denny Hogan, front row (extreme right) served on the Goliath but left it a few days before it was torpedoed. Patrick Barrett, second row (second from right) survived the sinking of the Goliath. Patrick Cronin, back row (third from left) lost his brother Maurice when the Goliath was sunk. Michael O Connor, back row (third from right) survived the sinking of the Goliath. Maurice (left) and Patrick (right) Cronin, two cousins from Coonagh, both aged 21, killed when the Goliath sank. Patrick (left) and Thomas (right) Barrett from Coonagh. Both served with the Naval reserve. Patrick survived the sinking of the Goliath. Image: Mike Cronin Image: Mike Cronin Image: Mike Cronin Death at Home Before the First World War, John Hayes worked both as an Abbey Fisherman and off season as a pork butcher in Roche s Street, Limerick. John joined many of the other Abbey Fishermen in the Navy when the war broke out. John survived the war and wrote a letter to his wife Annie on 23 November 1918 telling her he would be home in the new year. Annie aged only 34, died of pneumonia the same day he wrote this letter. When he came home she was already buried in Mount St Lawrence cemetery. Members of the Abbey Fishermen, including John Hayes (second row on left) and Michael Clancy (behind Hayes), on board a Navy Ship during World War 1. Image: Ger Hayes

19 A Guide to British Campaign Medals of the First World War There were six campaign medals available for individuals who saw service in the First World War. British Campaign Medal Sets The 1914 Star Awarded to all those who had served in France or Belgium between 5th August 1914 to midnight on 22nd November 1914 inclusive. The Allied Victory Medal Awarded to officers and men who served between 5th August 1914 and 11th November 1918 inclusive. Pip, Squeak and Wilfred Pip, Squeak and Wilfred are the affectionate names given to the three WW1 campaign medals - The 1914 Star or Star, British War Medal and Victory Medal respectively. They are called after three Daily Mail cartoon characters. The Star Awarded to all who served in any theatre of war against Germany between 5th August 1914 and 31st December 1915, except those eligible for the 1914 Star. The British War Medal, Awarded to officers and men who served between 5th August 1914 and 11th November 1918 inclusive. The Territorial Force War Medal, Awarded to members of the Territorial Force (army reserve) who had served outside the United Kingdom between 5th August 1914 and 11th November Mercantile Marine War Medal Awarded for service in the Merchant Navy during the war. Mutt and Jeff When only the British War Medal and Victory Medal are on display together they are sometimes known as Mutt and Jeff. They are called after two American cartoon characters. The Silver War Badge Issued to officers and men who were discharged or retired from the military forces as a result of sickness or injury caused by their war service. Daniel Beary Daniel Beary, 1st Liverpool Regiment, from Pallasgreen, Limerick. On the 16th of May 1915, near Rue du Bois, he carried six badly wounded men back to the dressing station under very heavy shell fire. For this he was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal. He died of malaria in Ireland on the 4th December The campaign medals of Daniel Beary including a Distinguished Conduct Medal. Image: Dan Beary

20 A German machine gun crew manning their Maxim gun. Image: Imperial War Musuem Men made the best of a bad situation. Image: British Library Trench War Fallen soldiers were left in situ until it was safe to remove and bury them. Image: British Library When the German advance in 1914 failed to take Paris, deadlock set in and both sides dug basic trenches to protect themselves from the weapons of modern warfare; powerful artillery and deadly machine guns. Each side dug a zig-zag line of trenches stretching over 440 miles across the Western Front from the North Sea to Switzerland. Religion played an important role in the lives of many soldiers. Image: British Library These trenches became the main defences and soldiers lived all day and night in them. Initially the Germans built better trenches, but the Allies systems improved as the war continued. Networks of support trenches and communications trenches were dug to connect the front line with supplies and reserves. A typical day in the trenches: 05.00hrs - 'Stand-to' when all soldiers fixed bayonets for dawn attack 05.30hrs - Rum ration 06.00hrs - Stand-to half an hour after daylight Soldiers usually spent 4 days in the front line, 4 days in close reserve and 4 days at rest. Men were constantly rotated from the front to the rear. Here they washed and got clean uniforms before the cycle started again. Even in the front line soldiers knew that they could rest and wash in a few days. The rotation was a lot of work for the adjutants but was very important for the men's morale hrs - Breakfast: usually bacon and tea After 08.00hrs - Clean themselves, clean weapons, tidy trench 12.00hrs - Dinner After dinner - Sleep and downtime: one man per ten on duty 17.00hrs - Tea 18.00hrs - Stand-to half an hour before dusk The Front line was the most dangerous. Here soldiers went 'over the top' on command and were always vulnerable to sniper fire. Many men died on their first day as a result of a sniper s bullet. Shelling created constant noise and danger hrs - Stand-down half an hour after dusk 18.30hrs onwards - Work all night with some time for rest (patrols, digging trenches, putting up barbed wire, getting stores, replacement of unit of soldiers every five days) During big offensives soldiers spent much longer than the normal 4 days at the front. Mud Wet weather meant the trenches were often filled with water which turned to mud and men's feet were constantly wet and cold. This caused a fungal infection called Trench Foot which could result in amputation.

21 Letter home to Limerick. Soldiers amusing themselves with a pillow fight. Image: John Browne Image: Imperial War Musuem An army food kitchen Image: Belgium Library Deadly Diseases One third of Allied deaths on the Western Front occurred in the trenches, from shell fire, influenza, dysentery and typhoid. Some soldiers died of exposure and other lost fingers to frostbite. Pests The men were living in the open where rats, frogs, slugs and horned beetles infested the trenches. Lice tormented the soldiers with constant itching and caused a painful disease called Trench Fever. Boredom The trenches were terrible places where danger, disease, death and dirt were constant. Off-duty, there was little to do but write letters and play cards. Boredom added to the stress that soldiers endured. Letters, small items from home, cigarettes and tea were all small but important comforts. The YMCA were vital in providing this service. Catching a nap Because of snipers, soldiers movement in the frontline was restricted in daylight. They slept during daylight and at night only for an hour at a time. They were woken up at different times, either to complete chores or to fight. Soldiers operating a QF 18 pounder gun at Carnoy Valley, near Montauban. 30 July Image: Imperial War Musuem

22 Mary Agnes McMahon (18691) By 1917 the number of men available to enlist was drastically reduced and women were recruited as drivers, cooks, and mechanics. Mary Agnes McMahon from Prospect, Limerick, followed her brothers to war. Agnes joined the Women's Auxiliary Army Corp (WAAC) later known as Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps (QMAAC). When she died in Limerick in 1918, Agnes received military honours. The Worst News The official notice of an officer's death came by telegram. 'All other ranks' were informed with a standard Army Form B Sometimes officers wrote to men's families giving them some personal information including the place of burial. Recruitment posters for women. Image: British Library Families of men that were missing in action were first sent a B Six months later they were presumed dead and a B followed. For the families of missing soldiers the indefinite outcome was very difficult to come to terms with. A missing in action form dispatched to Limerick. Image: Sharon Slater Separation Allowance Separation allowances were granted to the wives and families of soldiers that had enlisted to help support the family of the bread-winner who had gone to war. A soldier s wife and family received a flat rate, and an extra sum based on the soldier s rank. This payment to families was a major factor in encouraging men to go to war. When Patrick Browne died his mother Mary received a pension for the rest of her life. The Economy in Limerick The cost of living increased. Low-income workers bore the brunt of this as the price of bread and potatoes increased by almost 50 The details of allowances allocated to next of kin were publicly posted. Image: James Walker, Dublin. percent. Limerick port virtually closed as imports and exports dwindled.

23 Home Front Limerick s Role In October 1914, Ireland accommodated 2,300 Belgian refugees that had been forced from their country after the German empire invaded. Some of these came to Limerick. Limerick women volunteered in preparing bandages and other hospital requisites in aid of wounded soldiers at the Hospital Supply Depot on George Street. Carey's Road homes of many of those who enlisted from Limerick city. Thousands of skilled Limerick-based engineers travelled to England to manufacture munitions. Limerick was an industrial city and in 1915 became the first Irish city to be granted a munitions contract. Over eighty people were employed at J.P. Evans for the assembly work. Reaction to the War Progress of the war was well covered in the Limerick Chronicle and the Limerick Leader. In general, people were supportive of Limerick s own fighting in the war. With huge losses of Limerick men at Image: Carl Musgrave Gallipoli and the Somme public support for the war weakened. A report in the Limerick Chronicle on the death of a local soldier, 10 Oct Flowers from the Front Patrick Browne was one of seven children from Carey s Road, Limerick. He enlisted in the army on 8 January 1916 and served with the 1st Battalion Royal Irish Rifles. His letters home were addressed to his father John Browne but the letters were written to his mother. Each letter home would have to pass the field censor Image: John Browne Deare Mother just a few lines to let you know I Received your parcel alright But I did have A laugh when I see what you send me. I would Rather if you would not send so mouch the Next time Because it would go to wast 5 June 1916, Fovant Training Camp, Wiltshire On the 18 October 1916 a letter arrived back to the Browne house containing a second envelope with flowers that Patrick had picked at the front. These have dried out over the last hundred years but the sentiment they contain can still be felt. Patrick Browne was killed in action on 25 October 1917 and is buried in Prowse Point Military Cemetery, Belgium. The Browne family outside their home on Carey's Road. Image: John Browne

24 The Royal Munster Fusiliers The Royal Munster Fusiliers were established in 1881 and drew its recruits from Cork, Limerick, Kerry and Clare. Their headquarters was Ballymullen Barracks, Tralee, Co. Kerry. The Munsters were divided into two battalions. One usually served in Britain or Ireland and the other overseas. There were also three part-time battalions, made up of the local militias. The 5th Battalion was made up of the Limerick County Militia, with HQ at the Strand Barracks, Limerick. 1st Battalion RMF Corporals Ghora Dakka North Western Frontier, India nd row from the back - 4th from the left Cpl Thomas Fitzgerald. Born Limerick. Image: Royal Munster Fusiliers Association Officers of the 1st Royal Munster Fusiliers in the 2nd Boer War. Image: British Library Private M. Clohessy, Boxing Champion Image: Royal Munster Fusiliers Association Munster Loyalty The regiment recruited young men and educated many of them, teaching them reading, writing and trades. The regiment had a great spirit based on loyalty and pride in its symbols; the Bengal Tiger, their flag and their mascot Garry, an Irish wolfhound. Fitness played a big part in regimental life. Soldiers played football, cricket, tug of war, running, hockey and boxing. India and South Africa The Munsters spent a long time stationed in India and South Africa. The first battalion spent a full 12 years in India from The second battalion spent the entire in India. Both battalions fought in the Boer Wars. Colours of the 2nd Battalion RMF in Cairo 1920 with battle honours listed. Image: Royal Munster Fusiliers Association

25 First World War When the war broke out, the Munsters were hugely expanded. Five new battalions were created with recruits from all over Ireland and from Britain. They fought in Gallipoli, Greece, the Middle East and were involved in all the major battles on the Western Front over the four years of the war. Between 1914 and ,000 men served with the Munsters and 2,850 were killed. The regiment won three Victoria Crosses. Etreux 1914 In their first engagement on the Western Front the 2nd Battalion of the Munsters held off the German army at Etreux for fourteen hours, suffering huge losses. They were outnumbered Battle of Loos 1915 John O Brien from New Road, Singland Limerick fought in this battle which once again ended in stalemate. He was promoted to captain but was killed in action in 1918 near Gouy towards the end of the war. six to one and lost 700 of 900 men. Their bravery meant that the Allied forces retreated safely. 13 men from Limerick died on this day. T.P. O Brien, a lance corporal, was one of the Munsters officers that survived the battle. He spent the rest of the war in prisoner-of-war camps including Limburg. General view of Limburg Camp. Image: A O Brien Medal card of John O Brien who served with the Royal Munster Fusiliers in the Boer War, India, Ireland and during World War 1. Image: Patrick O Regan Aubers Ridge 1915 Army chaplain Fr Francis Gleeson gave general absolution to the 800 Munsters the day before battle. The men sang Hail Queen of heaven, the Te Deum and Hail Glorious St. Patrick. 151 men were killed the next day in battle, the regiment s largest losses in any one day in the war. Sergeant Daniel McCormack from 8 Hell s Lane off Henry Street, was one of the thirty men from Limerick killed on this day. He left a widow Mary and seven children. None of their bodies were recovered and they are commemorated at Le Toret memorial, Pas de Calais, France. The Munsters Disbanded In 1922, the Munsters and the other five regiments who had drawn their recruits from the newly created Irish Free State were disbanded. Their colours were taken to Windsor Castle, where they remain to this day. Their memory is preserved by the Royal Munster Fusiliers Association. Daniel McCormack of the 2nd Battalion Royal Munster Fusiliers. Image: Mary Kenihan Ceremony of laying up of the colours of the Royal Munster Fusiliers at the Tower of London, 15 February Image: Imperial War Museum

26 War and Recruiting The First World War was like a great volcano on the landscape of world history. The scale of deaths, injuries and trauma was enormous. 70 million men fought and up to 15 million died. At least 4,000 Limerick men volunteered and 1,000 died. Royal Munster Fusiliers drumming up recruits. An exodus of young men 4,000 men from Limerick volunteered to fight for Britain. Limerick had the highest rate of recruitment per head of population of the four counties in the Royal Munster Fusiliers area. The Strand Barracks on Clancy Strand was the headquarters of the Royal Munster Fusiliers in Limerick city and most Limerick men joined the war here. The Irish Guards set up a recruiting office in Cruise s Hotel. A Department for Recruitment was also set up at 62 O Connell Street. Colorful recruitment meetings were held all over county Limerick with military bands playing music and marching soldiers. Recruitment was high for the first two years but fell away in 1916, particularly after the Easter Rising. Recruitment poster aimed at the Irish. Image: Central Council for Organization of Recruitment Men enlisted to fight in World War 1 for various reasons. Image: Falconer, Dublin. The army on display in the Ordnance Barracks, Mulgrave Street.

27 Image: David Allen and Sons, Dublin Aged 18? Many lied about their age. Five men from Limerick that died in the war are recorded as aged only 17 by the Commonwealth Graves Commission. One of these was Martin Kennedy, from Punch's Lane, Carey's Road who joined the Royal Munster Fusiliers. He died on 30 June 1916 and is buried in Loos, Belgium. Image: David Allen and Sons, Dublin Seven Brothers Many joined with their friends and families in a burst of enthusiasm. The prospect of steady wages was also attractive to many of these men. The seven McKnight brothers of 26 Upper Henry Street all joined the army on the outbreak of war; Edward, John, Patrick, Joseph, Christopher, Daniel and William. Six survived but John lost an arm on the Western Front. Edward was killed at Gallipoli. Image: James Walker, Dublin Archie Brown with his wife Gertrude. Image: Victor J Brown Military Families Archie and Victor Brown grew up in Sarsfield Barracks on Lord Edward Street, where their father, a former soldier, managed the grocery store. Archie joined the Royal Garrison Artillery in 1904 aged 15, and fought in the Boer War. He was killed on the Western Front on 6 April Victor joined the Canadian Army and was killed at Passchendaele in German recruitment poster Image: British Library

28 From Civilian to Soldier The Medical Volunteers had to pass a medical examination. All recruits had to be aged 18 and be at least 5 feet 3 inches tall. This was reduced to 5 feet as the war went on. Many were rejected as unfit often due to poor eyesight or tuberculosis. Notices of requirements were sent throughout the country. Image: James Walker, Dublin. Recruit undergoing eye test. Ballymullen Barracks Tralee, training base for the Royal Munster Fusiliers. Image: Imperial War Museum Image: National Library Training New recruits were trained in Ireland for three months. Training was tough to to turn them into soldiers. Fitness, timetables, discipline and handling weapons were all covered. Successful recruits received their army number and finished their training in south England before setting off for the front. On-the-job training formed a major part of the soldier s life. Inexperienced divisions were inserted into quiet sectors of the line to learn their trade. Postcard showing soldiers arriving at a French port Image: Mary O Shea Irish Red Cross Soldiers were stationed in Clancy Strand, Limerick, during the war.

29 Limerick Life Rugby There was always a strong connection between military service and rugby in Limerick. The Young Munsters uniform of yellow and black are the colours of the Bengal Tiger, the mascot of the Royal Munster Fusiliers. Many Limerick rugby players served with the army. Private Gus Neilan from Prospect Hill was killed at Gallipoli while serving with the Munsters. A fine rugby player, he was a member of Young Munster and Lansdowne FCs and was described as a fearless opponent and a loyal club mate whom no referee had ever to warn for any kind of rough or unsportsmanlike conduct. Limerick teenage rugby team, 1907 Bands Limerick has a long tradition of marching bands with the Boherboy Brass and Reed Band, St John s Band and St Mary s Fife and Drum. They modelled their uniforms, music and style of marching on military bands. Many ex-military bandsmen helped establish civilian marching bands. Paddy McNamara of Mary Street, played the uilleann pipes with the 2nd Leinster Regiment and was a founding member of St Mary s Fife and Drum Band. Michael Davis, John McNamara and Joseph Salmon were all members of the band who joined the Royal Munster Fusiliers and were killed within six months of each other during World War 1.

30 LIMERICK BORN CASUALTIES OF WORLD WAR 1 4,000 men born in Limerick, joined the armed forces during the First World War. The men are buried in at least 322 different cemeteries. One third were members of the Royal Munster Fusiliers. The names of the known 1,057 that died were compiled by Patrick McNamara with assistance from Pat Brosnahan and Des Ryan for his book 'The Widow's Penny'. The list was digitised and mapped by Liam Hogan, Limerick City Library, Local Studies. Adams, Sergeant, Richard 2nd Bn. King s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry Died: 07/05/1915, KIA (10555) Barry, Private, John 2nd Bn. South Wales Borderers Died: 11/04/1918, KIA (15715) Bolster, Corporal, John 9th. Bn. Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) Died: 03/05/1917, KIA (23697) Brinn, Second Engineer, Thomas S.S. Keeper (Limerick) Mercantile Marine Died: 10/06/1917, Drowned (N/A) Butler, Private, James Died: 10/11/1917, KIA (8513) Carroll, Rifleman, William 1st B. London Regiment. (Post Office Rifles) Died: 21/05/1916, KIA (371877) Adams, Rifleman, Samuel 11th Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 07/09/1916, KIA (7348) Barry, Private, John 51st Coy. Machine Gun Corps Died: 22/01/1918, DOW (16713) Bond, Rifleman, John 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 04/04/1918, DOW (9461) Broderick, Gunner, Alfred Falkiner D Bty. 38th Bde. Royal Field Artillery Died: 02/04/1918, Died (52309) Butler, Private, Michael Died: 14/08/1916, KIA (4009) Casey, Seaman, James S.S. Semantha (Liverpool) Mercantile Marine Died: 14/10/1917, Drowned (N/A) Ahern, Private, John 6th Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 21/03/1918, DOW (6/26) Barry, Gunner, Michael 1st Anti-Aircraft Mobile Bty. Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 10/10/1918, Drowned (3719) Bond, Gunner, Patrick 29th Div. Ammunition Column. Royal Field Artillery Died: 01/02/1916, Died (60868) Broderick, Private, Michael 85th Siege Bty. Royal Army Service Corps. Died: 02/11/1918, DOW (DMV/62885) Byrne, Private, John 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 31/07/1917, KIA (11664) Casey, Sergeant, James 2nd Bn. Irish Royal Regiment Died: 26/08/1917, DOW (5605) Ahern, Sergeant, Michael B Bty. 166th Bde. Royal Field Artillery Died: 20/08/1916, KIA (53068) Barry, Lance Sergeant, Patrick 6th Bn. South Lancashire Regiment Died: 19/04/1916, KIA (11973) Bourke, Private, James 19th Stat. Hospital, Royal Army Medical Corps. Died: 09/11/1918, Died (63520) Broderick, Private, Michael Died: 24/08/1916, KIA (unknown) Byrne, Private, Thomas 6th Bn. East Yorkshire Regiment Died: 26/09/1916, KIA (3/7146) Casey, Private, Joseph 7th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 13/09/1917, DOW (25116) Ahern, Private, Timothy 9th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 03/04/1916, DOW (4729) Barry-Walsh, Lieutenant, Stephen Michael Royal Army Medical Corp (Att 1st Calvary Field Am.) Died: 08/09/1915, Died (N/A) Bourke, Lance Corporal, Michael Died: 24/08/1916, KIA (6520) Brooks, Sapper, George Royal Engineers Died: 12/04/1919, KIA (N/A) Byrnes, Private, John Died: 10/07/1916, Died (5/6134) Casey, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 21/03/1916, KIA (5858) Aherne, Private, Daniel Died: 01/09/1916, KIA (4165) Bashford, Private, John 12th Bn. Suffolk Regiment Died: 05/01/1918, KIA (21398) Bourke, Private, Michael Died: 02/05/1915, KIA (9324) Broughan, Private, James Died: 10/11/1917, KIA (5038) Byrnes, Private, Patrick Died: 25/04/1915, KIA (9895) Cassidy, Private, James Died: 21/08/1915, KIA (3878) Aherne, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 13/04/1915, KIA (9988) Alexander, Private, Percy 7th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 16/08/1915, KIA (16657) Alexander, Private, Thomas 7th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 10/11/1916, KIA (24492) Alfred, Private, Robert 4th Regiment South African Infantry Died: 11/07/1916, KIA (3709) Alfred, Trimmer, William S.S. Eloby (Liverpool), Mercantile Marine Died: 19/07/1917, Drowned Allen, Seaman, Richard H.M.S. Goliath Royal Naval Reserve Died: 13/05/1915, KIA (3596A) Anderson, Private, Charles 12th Bn. Australian Infantry (A.I.F.) Died: 06/12/1916, KIA (5341) Arnold, Private, Joseph William 29th Div. Supply Column, Army Service Corps Died: 02/09/1915, KIA (M2/034751) Ashford, Private, George Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (6545) Baldwin, Pioneer, Herbert Percy 72nd Bde. Royal Engineers Died: 16/10/1918, Accident (251321) Bannatyne, Lieutenant, Edgar James DSO. 19Th Hussars and Royal Flying Corps Died: 11/09/1917, Accident (T/Major) Bannatyne, Major, James Fitzgerald 11th (Prince Albert s Own) Hussars Died: 14/05/1916, DOW (N/A) Barlow, Lieutenant, John Edgar 3rd Bn. Australian Infantry (A.I.F.) Died: 08/08/1915, KIA (N/A) Barrett, Surgeon, James Francis S.S. Minnehaha (Belfast) Mercantile Marine Died: 07/09/1917, Drowned (N/A) Barry, Nurse, Anna Maude V.A.D. Died: 10/10/1918, Drowned (N/A) Barry, Private, Fred 1st Bn. East Yorkshire Regiment Died: 28/10/1914, KIA (7133) Beary, Sergeant, Daniel 467th Protection Coy. Royal Defence Corps. Died: 04/12/1918, Died (63466) Beary, Private, David Died: 03/01/1915, Died (5343) Bell, Private, James C Coy. 7th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 04/02/1916, POW (5581) Bennett, Private, Cornelius Died: 07/09/1916, KIA (9598) Bennett, Gunner, Edward Bernard 66th Trench Mortar Bty. Royal Field Artillery Died: 13/04/1917, DOW (715687) Bennett, Second Lieutenant, George Robert 5th Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 21/08/1915, KIA (N/A) Benson, Second Lieutenant, George Agar Trevor, MC 1st Bn. Middlesex Regiment Died: 28/10/1916, KIA (N/A) Benson, Private, James Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (4856) Berkley, Private, Thomas 6th Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 31/07/1916, KIA (3690) Bermingham, Rifleman, Thomas 6th Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 30/08/1915, DOW (10906) Best, Lance Corporal, David Died: 09/05/1916, KIA (3523) Best, Private, John 7th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 27/04/1916, KIA (26509) Blake, Private, James Died: 28/06/1918, Died (7337) Blencowe, Private, John C Coy. 1st Bn. Northhampshire Regiment. Died: 24/10/1914, KIA (7780) Boddy, Sergeant, David Died: 24/08/1916, KIA (4557) Boland, Lance Sergeant, John 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 31/07/1917, KIA (7310) Bourke, Private, William 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 05/07/1916, Drowned (9676) Bowles, Sergeant, Augustine 2nd. Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 10/09/1918, DOW (10884) Bowman, Private, James C Coy. Died: 13/10/1915, KIA (5977) Boyce, Private, Michael Died: 20/07/1916, KIA (10405) Boyle, Private, Martin Died: 01/01/1915, Died (5400) Bray, Driver, Michael 2nd Trench Mortar Bty. Royal Field Artillery Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (100610) Brazil, Sergeant, John 6th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 16/08/1915, KIA (3) Brazil, Private, Michael 7th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 09/06/1918, Died (25083) Brazill, Private, John 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 01/12/1917, DOW (11051) Brennan, Private, Michael John Died: 04/10/1918, KIA (6521) Brereton, Private, Patrick Died: 29/08/1917, DOW (4636) Brereton-Barry, Second Lieutenant, William Roche 10th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 16/08/1917, KIA (N/A) Bresnan, Private, James Died: 05/02/1918, KIA (1533) Brew, Lance Corporal, Michael Died: 07/04/1915, DOW (10277) Bridgeman, Private, Patrick Died: 16/07/1915, KIA (5519) Brigdell, Private, Gerald George Died: 23/11/1914, KIA (11393) Brown, Second Lieutenant, Archie Maynard 126th Heavy Bty. Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 06/04/1918, KIA (N/A) Browne, Sergeant, Charles John 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 16/11/1914, KIA (5940) Browne, Gunner, George Hubert 50th Coy. Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 19/09/1915, Died (22128) Browne, Rifleman, Patrick 1st Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 25/10/1917, KIA (47465) Browne, Private, William 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 08/08/1915, KIA (4533) Browning, Captain, George Stamer Special List Died: 25/02/1916 Buckley, Private, Jeremiah 2nd. Bn. Irish Guards Died: 17/09/1916, DOW (8293) Buckley, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 10/10/1917, KIA (10249) Burke, Driver, James B Bty. 51st Bde. Royal Field Artillery Died: 02/11/1917, Died (59393) Burke, Lance Corporal, John, MM 6th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 07/06/1917, KIA (8503) Burke, Private, John 1st Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 01/05/1915, KIA (7102) Burke, Lance Corporal, John 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 21/04/1918, KIA (5569) Burke, Fireman, Michael S.S. Flamenco (Liverpool), Mercantile Marine Died: 06/02/1916, Drowned (N/A) Burke, Private, Thomas 6th Bn. The Kings (Liverpool Regiment) Died: 30/11/1917, KIA (308978) Burke, Lance Corporal, William Died: 27/04/1916, KIA (10206) Burnell, Private, Michael Died: 21/12/1914, KIA (6284) Cagney, Private, Cornelius 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 15/09/1916, KIA (8084) Cahill, Private, John Died: 19/11/1914, DOW (5694) Cahill, Private, Michael 2n Bn. King s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry Died: 24/01/1917, DOW (39562) Callaghan, Private, James 1st Bn. Welsh Regiment Died: 01/10/1915, KIA (36103) Callaghan, Private, Thomas 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 15/09/1917, KIA (7711) Campbell, Private, Patrick Died: 05/08/1915, KIA (6053) Cantillon, Private, John 8th Bn. The Queen s (Royal West Surrey Regiment) Died: 25/09/1915, KIA G/4356) Carey, Private, Cornelius Royal Army Veterinary Corps Died: 13/04/1919, Died (14307) Carey, Lance Sergeant, Michael 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 14/02/1915, KIA (3262) Carey, Private, Thomas Died: 10/11/1917, KIA (6947) Carey, Chaplain 4th Class Rev., Timothy SJ Royal Army Chaplains Department Died: 27/02/1919, Died Carmody, Private, James 2nd Garrison Bn. Royal Irish Regiment. Died: 06/10/1917, Died (2501) Carmody, Private, Joseph 1st/6th Bn. Durham Light Infantry Died: 23/09/1918, Died (250669) Carroll, Private, Eugene 6th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 28/12/1917, KIA (1864) Carroll, Private, Martin. Died: 01/05/1915, KIA (2116) Carroll, Private, Timothy Died: 19/12/1916, Died (3837) Chandler, Rifleman, John William 16th Bn. London Regiment (Queen s Westminster Rifles) Died: 05/11/1917, KIA (553986) Cherry, Private, John A Coy. 6Th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers. Died: 28/12/1917, KIA (6340) Clancy, Private, William 6th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment. Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (9877) Clarke, Private, Peter Paul 7th Bn. Leinster Regiment. Died: 06/09/1916, DOW (2863) Clarkson, Private, Arthur 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 12/11/1914, KIA (10194) Clarkson, Warrant Telegraphist, George H.M. Trawler Columbia Royal Naval Reserve Died: 01/05/1915, KIA (N/A) Cleary, Rifleman, Denis 1st Garrison Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 08/06/1917, Died (978) Cleary, Sergeant Major, Thomas Ryan Clerks Section, Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 14/08/1917, Died (77915) Cleland, First Mate, Alan Campbell S.S. Turritella (London) Mercantile Marine Died: 27/02/1917, Died Clery, Captain, Noel Cairns MC H.Q. Royal Field Artillery Died: 24/07/1916, KIA (N/A) Clifford, Private, John 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 19/10/1914, KIA (10831) Close, Second Lieutenant, Charles Paul 10th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 14/11/1916, DOW (N/A) Clune, Gunner, Richard Royal Field Artillery Died: 16/10/1917, KIA (220199) Cochrane, Stewardess, Elizabeth S.S. South Western (Southampton) Mercantile Marine Died: 16/03/1918, Drowned (N/A) Coffey, Private, Thomas Died: 20/08/1916, KIA (6522)

31 LIMERICK BORN CASUALTIES OF WORLD WAR 1 Coghlan, Sergeant, Thomas 4th Bn. The King s (Liverpool Regiment) Died: 24/04/1915, KIA (11429) Colbert, Private, James Died: 07/11/1917, KIA (6126) Coleman, Driver, Michael Royal Field Artillery Died: 13/08/1917, Died (4308) Coleman, Private, Patrick Died: 08/04/1916, DOW (3206) Colivet, Chief Officer, John Mercantile Marine - S.S. Aylevarroo (Limerick) Died: 07/10/1917, Drowned Collins, Lance Corporal, Eugene 6th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 12/08/1917, KIA (6526) Collins, Corporal, James Died: 11/11/1918, Died (5475) Collins, Private, John 9th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 21/03/1918, Died (10403) Collins, Private, Thomas 1st Bn. Royal Irish Regiment. Died: 13/08/1917, Died (9489) Collingwood-Thompson, Second Lieutenant, Edward James Vibart 1st Bn. Royal Welsh Fusiliers Died: 10/09/1914, DOW (N/A) Collopy, Private, John Died: 21/08/1915, KIA (9759) Comerford, Private, James L Signal Bn. Royal Army Service Corps. Died: 02/02/1919, Died (M/345253) Comerford, Cook, William S.S. Clangula (Cork), Mercantile Marine Died: 19/11/1917, Drowned (N/A) Comiskey, Private, Philip 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 25/11/1916, KIA (19294) Condon, Private, Michael 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 20/10/1914, KIA (7225) Condon, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 16/06/1917, KIA (5852) Connellan, Private, Andrew 7th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 12/12/1917, KIA (25161) Connelly, Gunner, Stephen B Bty 102nd Bde. Royal Field Artillery Died: 26/07/1917, DOW (76374) Connelly, Corporal, Thomas 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 07/07/1916, KIA (9894) Connery, Private, Thomas Died: 18/08/1916, KIA (5533) Connor, Rifleman, John 1st Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 28/02/1917, DOW (9178) Connors, Private, Maurice 1st Garrison Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 02/08/1917, Died (G/777) Connors, Private, Patrick 7th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 06/04/1916, KIA (26440) Considine, Second Lieutenant, Christopher Daniel 2nd Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 24/05/1915, KIA (N/A) Considine, Captain, James Heffernan 4th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 27/10/1916, KIA (7651) Considine, Company Sergeant Major, Michael 6th Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (7651) Considine, Private, Michael 1 Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 13/10/1917, DOW (8469) Considine, Private, William Died: 11/03/1915, DOW (10220) Conway, Lance Sergeant, Andrew 6th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 15/05/1917, Died (380) Conway, Gunner, Henry 63rd Coy. Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 27/12/1917, Died (281337) Conway, Private, Joseph 6th Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 23/06/1916, KIA (10826) Conway, Private, Thomas Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (10291) Conyers, Major, Temp Lt. Col., Charles 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 12/05/1915, DOW (N/A) Cook, Private, James Died: 16/07/1915, Died (4385) Cooney, Private, Michael Died: 22/03/2014, KIA (4149) Coonihan, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 01/04/1918, Died (11255) Cooper, Fleet Paymaster, John Monmouth Royal Navy Died: 01/11/1914, KIA (N/A) Copeland, Guardsman, John 2nd Bn. Scots Guards Died: 26/10/1914, KIA (5116) Corbett, Private, Francis Died: 03/05/1916, KIA (4008) Corbett, Private, John Died: 16/08/1916, KIA (5402) Cosgrave, Stoker, Michael H.M. Motor Lighter K 10 Royal Naval Reserve Died: 01/02/1916, Died (6880S) Costelloe, Corporal, Timothy Died: 27/03/1918, KIA (4887) Cotter, Gunner, John 31st Siege Bty. Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 06/01/1916, Died (3578) Coughlan, Acting Bombardier, John Royal Field Artillery Died: 03/09/1916, DOW (63263) Coughlan, Private, Michael 6th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 09/08/1915, KIA (3712) Coughlan, Private, William Died: 11/09/1916, DOW (3566) Coulter, Deck Hand, George Wharton Steam Trawler John M. Smart (North Shields), Mercantile Marine Died: 12/12/1914 Cowell, Sergeant, John J. 20 Squadron Royal Air Force Died: 30/07/1918, DOW (78171) Cox, Private, William Waring A Coy. 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 29/03/1918, KIA (29581) Crehan, Private, John 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 09/06/1917, KIA (4347) Crimmins, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 24/08/1918, KIA (18385) Croniken, Private, James Died: 31/07/1917, DOW (156) Cronin, Private, Joseph Army Service Corps. Died: 10/10/1918, Drowned (T/424581) Cronin, Private, Joseph Died: 21/12/1914, KIA (5711) Cronin, Seaman, Maurice H.M.S. Goliath Royal Naval Reserve Died: 13/05/1915, KIA (5260A) Cronin, Seaman, Patrick H.M.S. Goliath Royal Naval Reserve Died: 13/05/1915, KIA (5161A) Cronin, Private, Patrick E Coy.. Died: 07/01/1916, DOW (9644) Cronin, Lance Corporal, Patrick Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (5272) Cronin, Private, Philip Joseph 12th Bn. Lancashire Fusiliers Died: 11/12/1916, Died (18377) Cronin, Lance Corporal, Timothy Died: 27/04/1916, KIA (19312) Crowe, Lance Corporal, John 6th Coy. Machine Gun Corps Died: 17/03/1918, KIA (54737) Cruise, Gunner, John 294th siege Bty. Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 26/09/1917, KIA (17415) Culhane, Private, Timothy 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 31/07/1917, KIA (10532) Cullen, Rifleman, George 13th Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 16/08/1917, KIA (41495) Cullen, Lance Corporal, Robert Died: 07/04/1917, DOW (3537) Cullinane, Sergeant, Michael 1st Garrison Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 29/05/1916, Died (G/15768) Cummings, Private, John Joseph 2nd Bn. York and Lancaster Regiment Died: 02/10/1915, DOW (7759) Cunneen, Private, John D Coy. 7th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 27/04/1916, KIA (26500) Cunningham, Private, Frank Died: 25/01/1915, KIA (4517) Curtin, Private, Denis 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 16/02/1916, Died (7288) Curtin, Corporal, John Died: 04/10/1918, KIA (6682) Curtin, Private, Martin Joseph 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 07/09/1918, DOW (11392) Cusack, Private, John 9th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 16/04/1915, Died (1536) Cusack, Private, John Died: 07/06/1917, KIA (7858) Cusack, Private, Patrick 9th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 18/03/1916, KIA (1534) Cussen, Gunner, Patrick 29th Siege Bty. Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 18/08/1915, Died (44149) Cussen, Private, Robert 7th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 12/08/1915, Died (479) Dalton, Corporal, George 123rd Bty. Royal Field Artillery Died: 30/10/1914, DOW (17581) Daly, Quartermaster Sergeant, Francis 1st Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 11/06/1915, DOW (4687) Daly, Private, John Died: 29/09/1918, DOW (6336) Daly, Volunteer, Mary E Queen Mary s Army Auxiliary Corps Died: 05/06/1919, Died Daly, Private, Stephen C Coy. Died: 25/09/1915, KIA (6264) Daly, Third Engineer, Thomas S.S. Tandil (London), Mercantile Marine Died: 12/03/1917,Killed/drowned (N/A) Daly, Private, William 1st Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 16/03/1915, KIA (10058) Danagher, Company Sergeant Major, David D Coy. Died: 25/04/1915, KIA (6088) Danaher, Staff Nurse, Mary Queen Alexandra s Imperial Military Nursing Service Reserve Died: 12/10/1918, Died (N/A) Dann, Lieutenant, Eyre Frederick Morton D Coy. 72nd Bn. Canadian Infantry Died: 03/11/1916, KIA (N/A) Darby, Seaman, Patrick H.M.S. Goliath Royal Naval Reserve Died: 13/05/1915, KIA (5157A) Darcy, Private, Daniel Died: 22/03/1918, KIA (5095) Davis, Seaman, John H.M.S. Goliath Royal Naval Reserve Died: 13/05/1915, KIA (2389A) Davis, Private, Michael Died: 29/06/1915, DOW (6103) Davis, Seaman, Patrick H.M.S. Minesweeper Ascot Royal Naval Reserve Died: 10/11/1918, KIA (3693A) Davis, Seaman, Thomas H.M.S. Goliath Royal Naval Reserve Died: 13/05/1915, KIA (5162A) Dawson, Private, John 7th Bn., Royal Irish Regiment. Died: 27/03/1918, KIA (25205) Dea, Sapper, John 26th Field Coy. Royal Army Medical Corps Died: 01/11/1914, KIA (12078) Deane, Captain, Ernest Cotton Royal Army Medical Corps Died: 25/09/1918, KIA (MC) Dee, Private, Michael Died: 05/09/1915, KIA (951) Deely, Sergeant, John 6th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 09/10/1915, Died (2280) Delmege, Lieutenant, James O Grady 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards Died: 27/05/1915, DOW (gas) Devanny, Private, Barry 7th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 15/03/1918, KIA (25214) Dickson, Private, Martin 19th Bn. Machine Gun Corps. Died: 20/11/1918, Died (53679) Dillon, Private, John 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 18/07/1916, DOW (6863) Dineen, Private, Daniel Died: 18/07/1918, KIA (5833) Dobbins, Private, Henry Joseph Army Service Corps. Died: 06/02/1917, Died (M2/046758) Doherty, Private, John 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 28/09/1918, KIA (4417) Doherty, Private, William J. 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 15/09/1917, KIA (8449) Donoghue, Lance Sergeant, Charles Died: 11/09/1916, DOW (3259) Donoghue, Private, John 7th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 14/10/1918, KIA (26153) Donovan, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Welsh Guards Died: 19/07/1917, DOW (2678) Donovan, Private, Thomas 1st Garrison Bn. East Yorkshire Regiment Died: 26/07/1918, Died (23334) Donworth, Captain, Thomas Francis Army Veterinary Corps Died: 28/07/1916, Drowned Donworth, Drummer, William Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (8920) Doody, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 21/01/1917, KIA (43076) Doolan, Private, Peter Died: 25/04/1915, KIA (5681) Dooley, Private, Michael 1st Garrison Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 04/05/1917, Drowned (5638) Doran, Seaman, Michael H.M.S. Europa. Royal Navy Reserve Died: 05/01/1916, DOW (2395/A) Doran, Private, Michael Paul 7th Bn. Norfolk Regiment Died: 30/11/1917, KIA (33157) Dore, Private, Daniel 2nd Bn. Bedfordshire Regiment Died: 18/05/1915, KIA (4/7127) Dore, Rev. Captain, Patrick N.Z. Chaplains Dept. Died: 15/07/1918, DOW (13/655) Doupe, Private, Patrick Died: 11/01/1917, KIA (6561) Dowling, Private, Martin Joseph 2nd Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 21/11/1917, DOW (29544) Downes, Private, Michael Died: 07/03/1916, DOW (4394) Downey, Private, Patrick Joseph 6th Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 27/12/1915, Executed (6/227) Doyle, Sergeant, John 1st Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 12/05/1915, KIA (4200) Doyle, Sergeant, Thomas 43rd Anti-Aircraft Coy: Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 10/07/1918,(28122) Doyle, Private, William C Coy. Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (6072) Drew, Captain, Charles George 1st Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 12/04/1918, KIA Drury, Private, Patrick 4th Bn. The King s (Liverpool Regiment) Died: 29/04/1915, DOW (9238) Duffy, Private, Thomas Died: 24/04/1915, KIA (9534) Duggan, Driver, Bernard 59th Field Coy. Royal Engineers Died: 15/09/1914, KIA (21371) Duggan, Lance Sergeant, Joseph Died: 05/02/1917, KIA (3314) Duhig, Private, Francis Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (6010) Dundon, Private, Edward Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (3822) Dundon, Lieutenant, James St. John Royal Army Medical Corps. Died: 17/06/1916, Died Dundon, Air Mechanic 2nd Class, Patrick Royal Flying Corps Died: 22/06/1915, Died (1964) Dunne, Second Lieutenant, James Shannon 2nd Bn. King s Own Scottish Borderers Died: 04/10/1917, KIA Dunne, Private, John Reserve Bn. Irish Guards Died: 03/09/1916, Died (9785) Dwyer, Drummer, Patrick Died: 08/12/1915, Died (9527)

32 LIMERICK BORN CASUALTIES OF WORLD WAR 1 Dynan, Private, Michael Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (5412) Fitzgerald, Private, Michael Alphonsus 17th Bn. The King s (Liverpool Regiment) Died: 28/04/1917, KIA (48411) Freeman, Private, Michael Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (7266) Gilligan, Lance Corporal, Michael 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 15/09/1916, KIA (6393) Grimes, Private, Joseph Died: 30/09/1918, KIA (4464) Hanrahan, Mate, John S. S. Keeper (Limerick, Mercantile Marine) Died: 10/06/1917, Drowned Earls, Private, Dennis 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 13/05/1915, DOW (4848) Fitzgerald, Lance Corporal, Peter 6th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 17/01/1916, DOW (9790) Frend, Second Lieutenant, John 281st Bde. Royal Field Artillery Died: 17/01/1917, KIA Gleeson, Captain, John Francis Died: 02/02/1918, DOW Grimes, Seaman, Michael H.M. Deliverer. Royal Naval Reserve. Died: 03/11/1917, KIA (4827B) Hanrahan, Private, John 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 31/07/1917, KIA (11002) Earls, Private, Patrick Depot Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 23/12/1916, Died Limerick Union Hospital (6129) Edwards, Private, Patrick Died: 01/09/1916, KIA (4081) Elligott, Sergeant, William 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 04/09/1918, KIA (9553) Elligott, Seaman, William H. M. S. Drake Royal. Naval Reserve Died: 07/04/1916, Drowned (3587A) Enright, Corporal, Michael Died: 30/04/1916, DOW (1822) Fahy, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 11/05/1915, KIA (9274) Falvey, Private, Daniel Died: 10/08/1917, DOW (7977) Fannen, Private, David A Coy. Died: 01/05/1915, KIA (9334) Fannen, Lance Corporal, Edward 2nd Bn. King s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry Died: 30/10/1914, KIA (8131) Farnden, Private, George 8th Bn. Royal Fusiliers Died: 28/06/1917, DOW (2525) Fawl, Lieutenant, Patrick Joseph 17th Bn. Middlesex Regiment Died: 15/11/1916, DOW Fennelly, Private, Michael 16th Bn. Welsh Regiment Died: 27/08/1917, KIA (290727) Finn, Private, John Died: 25/09/1915, KIA (5249) Finn, Private, William Died: 28/01/1917, KIA (5213) Fitzgerald, Private, James Died: 31/01/1916, KIA (4373) Fitzgerald, Private, John 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 18/08/1917, KIA (40922) Fitzgerald, Private, John Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (7508) Fitzgerald, Guardsman, John 1st Bn. Grenadier Guards Died: 26/10/1914, KIA (11156) Fitzgerald, Gunner, John N.Z. Field Artillery Died: 13/06/1915, Died (2/876) Fitzgerald, Officer s Chief Steward, John James H.M.A.S. Cerberus. Royal Australian Navy Died: 10/10/1917, Died (ON 1041) Fitzgerald, Lieutenant, Maurice Robert 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 19/04/1918, DOW Fitzgerald, Private, Thomas Died: 04/10/1918, KIA (2916) Fitzgerald, Private, Thomas Died: 10/11/1917, KIA (6880) Fitzgerald, Private, Thomas 1st Garrison Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 15/04/1917, Died (5551) Fitzgerald, Sapper, William 90th Field Coy. Royal Engineers Died: 20/09/1917, KIA (121416) Flanagan, Private, James Died: 25/09/1915, KIA (5831) Flanagan, Private, John 2nd Bn. Oxford & Bucks Light Infantry Died: 16/05/1915, KIA (10202) Fleming, Private, Robert 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 09/06/1917, DOW (4271) Flynn, Private, Arthur Died: 27/09/1918, Died (1490) Flynn, Private, Thomas Died: 10/11/1917, KIA (10118) Flynn, Private, Timothy 10th Bn. London Regiment (Hackney) Died: 19/09/1918, KIA (421012) Fogerty, Lieutenant, John Frederick Cullinan 227th Field Coy. Royal Engineers Died: 25/09/1917, KIA Foley, Sergeant, Thomas 8th (King s Royal Irish) Hussars Died: 22/03/1918, KIA (45519) Foley, Sergeant, Timothy Died: 25/03/1918, KIA (8401) Foran, Second Lieutenant, Edward Cornelius 5th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 28/12/1917, KIA Foran, Private, John Died: 28/06/1916, KIA (6592) Foran, Lance Corporal, Patrick Died: 29/06/1916, DOW (10220) Forde, Lance Sergeant, Patrick Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (7881) Fosbery, Second Lieutenant, Frank 21st Bn. Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) Died: 21/03/1918, KIA Fraher, Private, John 6th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 05/06/1917, KIA (5540) Fraher, Private, Michael 2nd Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 08/03/1917, DOW (43013) Franklin, Private, John Died: 21/12/1914, KIA (5401) Furnell, Captain, Cecil Herbert Michael 128th Heavy Bty. Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 30/04/1916, DOW Gabbett, Private, Robert Died: 23/08/1916, DOW (1164) Gallagher, Private, Michael Died: 23/08/1916, KIA (4600) Gallagher, Corporal, Patrick Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (7548) Gallery, Private, John 13th Bn. Leicestershire Regiment Died: 01/04/1918, Died (35267) Gallery, Private, Patrick Died: 11/05/1916, KIA (5757) Galvin, Lance Corporal, Bartholomew 7th Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 26/09/1916, KIA (3995) Galvin, Private, Daniel 7th Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 03/09/1916, KIA (3415) Galvin, Seaman, Michael S. S. Harrogate, Royal Naval Reserve Died: 20/02/1918, Drowned (5596A) Galvin, Private, Richard 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 18/05/1915, KIA (4542) Gammel, Private, James 8th Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 10/07/1916, KIA (16763) Gannon, Private, John 1st Garrison Battalion Royal Irish Regiment Died: 20/11/1917, Died (3773) Gannon, Private, William 7/8th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 01/09/1918, KIA (48260) Gardiner, Private, George 9th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 28/04/1916, KIA (4584) Garland, Lance Corporal, James 9th Bn. Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) Died: 27/04/1916, KIA (2404) Gavin, Private, John Died: 30/01/1916, KIA (4055) Gavin, Lieutenant, Robert Fitzaustin 2bd Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 25/09/1915, KIA Gaynor, Private, John 59th Coy. Machine Gun Corps Died: 01/10/1916, DOW (10506) Gibb, Private, George Raphael 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 22/01/1916, DOW (9877) Gibson, Private, George 20th Bn. Durham Light Infantry Died: 25/10/1918, KIA (82443) Gillick, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 30/04/1915, KIA (10623) Gleeson, Corporal, Martin 9th Bde. Royal Field Artillery Died: 16/10/1918, KIA (66120) Gleeson, Private, Michael B Coy. 3rd Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 26/06/1916, Died (154) Gleeson, Seaman, Thomas H.M.S. Aquitania. Royal Navy Reserve. Died: 26/09/1918, Died (2811/C) Gleeson, Private, Thomas Died: 20/07/1916, KIA (4897) Glynn, Private, Michael Died: 28/06/1915, KIA (5534) Goddard, Rifleman, Joseph Michael 8th Bn. Rifle Brigade Died: 20/07/1915, KIA (B/2044) Godsell, Private, Edward 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 03/09/1916, KIA (18022) Golden, Driver, Daniel 19th Div. Ammunition Col. Royal Field Artillery Died: 15/07/1916, DOW (100911) Gore, Second Lieutenant, Gerard Ribton 3rd Bn. Royal Welsh Fusiliers Died: 20/12/1914, DOW Gorey, Corporal, Michael Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (2362) Gorman, Private, Patrick 28th Bn. Australian Infantry Died: 09/03/1918, DOW (5594) Goulding, Private, John Died: 19/05/1916, KIA (6524) Goury, Sapper, John 176th Tunnelling Coy. Royal Engineers Died: 25/08/1915, KIA (86590) Greene, Lance Sergeant, Daniel 10th Bn. Northumberland Fusiliers Died: 04/08/1916, KIA (19847) Greene, Private, Patrick 8th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 29/04/1916, DOW (26171) Griffin, Private, Daniel Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (6751) Griffin, Corporal, John 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 04/04/1918, DOW (4253) Griffin, Private, Joseph 4th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 19/12/1916, Died (5536) Griffin, Private, Joseph 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 22/08/1915, DOW (9918) Griffin, Private, Patrick Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (5538) Grimes, Seaman, John H.M.P.M.S. Redcar. Royal Naval Reserve. Died: 24/06/1917, KIA (3344C) Grimes, Seaman, Thomas H.M.S. Goliath. Royal Naval Reserve Died: 13/05/1915, KIA (1425C) Guerin, Private, Michael Died: 15/07/1916, KIA (6213) Guerin, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 08/10/1918, KIA (6166) Guina, Private, Edward 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 06/11/1914, KIA (4000) Guinane, Private, John Joseph 5th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 23/02/1916, Died (3522) Guinane, Private, William Died: 28/06/1915, KIA (9934) Hailes, Captain, Joseph Royal Army Ordnance Corps Died: 01/09/1915, KIA Hall, Private, John 29th Bn. Canadian Infantry (British Columbia Regiment) Died: 19/09/1916, KIA (463087) Hall, Engineering Lieutenant, Joseph H.M.P.M.S. Kempton. Royal Naval Reserve. Died: 24/06/1917, KIA (DSO) Halloran, Rifleman, Patrick 2nd Bn. King s Royal Rifle Corps Died: 10/07/1917, DOW (R/9043) Halpin, Private, Michael 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 20/10/1914, KIA (4441) Halvey, Private, Patrick Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (6140) Halvey, Private, Thomas Died: 28/06/1916, DOW (5663) Hamilton, Company Sergeant Major, Ernest 8th Bn. Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) Died: 27/09/1915, KIA (7113) Hanley, Private, James Died: 29/06/1916, KIA (5530) Hanley, Private, John Died: 12/11/1917, DOW (6124) Hanlon, Private, Daniel Died: 22/03/1918, KIA (4061) Hanlon, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 05/03/1917, KIA (15019) Hannan, Private, Joseph 12th Bn. The King s (Liverpool Regiment) Died: 10/03/1916, KIA (26711) Hannon, Private, John Died: 16/07/1916, KIA (5594) Hannon, Private, Lawrence Royal Army Service Corps Died: 27/05/1919, Died (S4/064883) Hanrahan, Private, John 8th Bn. South Staffordshire Regiment Died: 12/10/1917, KIA (43141) Hanrahan, Private, Timothy Died: 21/12/1914, KIA (5873) Harnett, Private, William 9th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 16/06/1916, KIA (15504) Harrold, Private, James 1st. Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 26/04/1915, KIA (8681) Harte, Sergeant, Joseph Died: 01/05/1915, KIA (9423) Harte, Sergeant, Patrick B Coy. 2Nd Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (3497) Hartigan, Second Lieutenant, Edward Patrick 57 Squadron Royal Flying Corps. Died: 20/11/1917, KIA Hartigan, Chaplain 4th Class Rev., Jeremiah Austin S.J. Army Chaplain s Dept. Died: 16/07/1916, Died Hartigan, Private, John E Coy. 2Nd Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (9697) Hartigan, Private, Luke Joseph Died: 15/08/1917, KIA (5746) Hartigan, Private, Patrick D Coy. 2Nd Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 21/12/1914, KIA (4922) Hartigan, Surgeon, Thomas J. H.M.S. Espiegle. Royal Navy Died: 30/05/1918, Died Hartigan, Private, Thomas Army Veterinary Corps Died: 21/07/1918, Died (14311) Hartnett, Rifleman, David 3rd Bn. N.Z. Rifle Brigade Died: 15/09/1916, KIA (25/437) Hartnett, Private, William 19th Bn. Australian Infantry Died: 25/08/1916, KIA (4134) Hartney, Private, Edward Died: 01/07/1916, DOW (3304) Harvey, Private, James C Coy. 9th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 01/07/1916, KIA (16282) Hayden, Rifleman, Arnold 14th Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 04/05/1916, DOW (14866) Hayes, Private, Denis 7th Bn. Leinster Regiment. Died: 09/07/1916, DOW (3502) Hayes, Private, James D Coy. Died: 30/08/1916, DOW (5463) Hayes, Lance Corporal, James 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 01/03/1917, DOW (7818)

33 LIMERICK BORN CASUALTIES OF WORLD WAR 1 Hayes, Private, John Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (4945) Hickey, Private, Maurice Died: 27/04/1915, KIA (8603) Houlihan, Private, Robert 5th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 20/03/1916, Died (6857) Keane, Seaman, John S.S. Treverbyn Royal Naval Reserve Died: 03/09/1917, KIA Kennedy, Private, Martin 10th Bn. Australian Infantry Died: 08/08/1915, DOW (881) Lawless, Private, Thomas 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 01/09/1916, KIA (10086) Hayes, Private, John Died: 22/12/1915, Died (9428) Hickey, Seaman, Michael H. M. S. Goliath. Royal Naval Reserve Died: 13/05/1915, KIA (5262A) Hourigan, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 14/08/1915, KIA (9899) Keane, Private, John Z Coy. Died: 01/05/1915, KIA (4065) Kennedy, Private, Martin Died: 30/06/1916, KIA (6453) Lawlor, Private, John 1st Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 15/03/1915, KIA (9457) Hayes, Private, Patrick 6th Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 24/12/1915, Died (496) Hickey, Private, Patrick Died: 08/09/1916, KIA (8495) Hourigan, Private, Timothy Died: 30/03/1918, KIA (3956) Keane, Private, Michael Died: 19/02/1918, KIA (3290) Kennedy, Fireman, Patrick Joseph S.S. Aylevarroo (Limerick) Mercantile Marine Died: 07/10/1917, Drowned Lawlor, Private, Joseph D Coy. Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (9242) Hayes, Sergeant, Thomas Francis 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 23/08/1914, KIA (9748) Hickey, Private, Patrick Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (10077) House, Private, Richard 7th Bn. Norfolk Regiment Died: 08/08/1918, KIA (12722) Keane, Corporal, Patrick Died: 23/02/1916, KIA (2295) Kenny, Second Lieutenant, Cecil Stackpoole King s Shropshire Light Infantry Died: 11/11/1915, Drowned Lawrence, Driver, Francis B. Royal Field Artillery Died: 03/12/1914, Died (98588) Hayes, Donkeyman, Thomas Joseph S. S. Huntly (London) Mercantile Marine Died: 20/12/1915, Drowned Higgins, Private, Edmund Died: 19/12/1916, KIA (3895) Howley, Major, Jasper Joseph 1st Bn. Lincolnshire Regiment Died: 11/03/1915, KIA Kearney, Private, Patrick 1st Garrison Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 26/02/1919, Died (3823) Kenny, Private, Christopher 3rd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 10/10/1918, Died (835) Leahy, Rifleman, Frederick 1st Bn. King s Royal Rifle Corps Died: 15/04/1917, DOW (3161) Healy, Corporal, John 7th Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 02/08/1917, KIA (683) Higgins, Private, John Depot, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 16/11/1914, Died (1476) Hughes, Private, Thomas 8th Bn. Northumberland Fusiliers Died: 05/12/1915, Died (11073) Kearons, Fireman, Thomas S.S. Keeper (Limerick). Mercantile Marine. Died: 10/07/1917, Drowned Kenny, Private, Cornelius 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 29/09/1918, KIA (41334) Leahy, Private, Michael Andrew 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (5644) Healy, Private, Patrick Died: 09/04/1916, DOW (1589) Hogan, Private, John Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 18/12/1917, KIA (9/4581) Humphries, Private, Thomas Francis 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 26/03/1918, DOW (40905) Keaty, Private, Michael 2nd Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 04/11/1918, KIA (19706) Kenny, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 07/08/1915, KIA (19882) Leahy, Private, William Royal Field Artillery Died: 12/03/1919, Died (119757) Healy, Private, Stephen Z Coy. Died: 13/03/1917, DOW (6036) Hogan, Private, Michael Died: 04/09/1916, DOW (5904) Hurley, Private, John Army Ordnance Corps (No. 1 Sect.) Died: 07/03/1915, Died (S/7951) Kelleher, Private, Henry 1/7th Bn. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Died: 23/07/1918, KIA (301181) Keogh, Private, Christopher Died: 26/04/1915, KIA (9687) Ledene, Able Seaman, Thomas S.S. Lusitania 9Liverpool), Mercantile Marine Died: 07/05/1915, Drowned Heaney, Sergeant Major, Albert Boucher 4th Bn. Rifle Brigade Died: 28/08/1916, Died (6349) Hogan, Corporal, Patrick Died: 29/06/1916, KIA (3682) Hynes, Private, Henry 1/6th Bn. Cheshire Regiment Died: 31/07/1917, KIA (292786) Kelly, Corporal, Edward 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 12/04/1918, KIA (11034) Keogh, Sergeant, Martin Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (4460) Lee, Lieutenant, Frederick Henry Norris 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 07/07/1916, DOW Heaphy, Gunner, Frederick Joseph Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 03/05/1917, KIA (136273) Hogan, Sick Berth Attendant, Patrick H.M.S. Raglan, Royal Navy Died: 20/01/1918, Drowned (353851) Irwin, Lance Corporal, John Died: 27/02/1916, KIA (7345) Kelly, Private, John 4th Bn. South Wales Borderers Died: 10/08/1915, DOW (12906) Keogh, Private, Thomas 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 18/05/1915, KIA (1621) Lee, Private, George Died: 21/12/1914, KIA (5926) Hedderman, Private, Michael Died: 24/08/1916, DOW (6001) Hogan, Private, Patrick Died: 31/10/1918, Died (6054) Ivers, Lieutenant, Hugh Frank 1st South African Mounted Rifles Died: 30/10/1915, Died Kelly, Private, John 7th Bn. The Loyal North Lancashire Regiment Died: 23/07/1916, KIA (15971) Kerins, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 17/05/1915, Died (6169) Leen, Private, Patrick 5th (Royal Irish) Lancers Died: 01/05/1916, DOW (GS/16095) Heenan, Shoeing Smith Corporal, Timothy South Irish Horse (R. M. S. Leinster) Died: 10/10/1918, Drowned (73173) Hogan, Lance Corporal, Patrick 11th Bn. Lancashire Fusiliers Died: 16/05/1916, KIA (7127) James, Private, Frank Died: 10/11/1917, KIA (10310) Kelly, Private, John 21st Coy. Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) Died: 24/03/1918, KIA (20944) Kiely, Private, Christopher 7th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 04/12/1917, KIA (25469) Lenihan, Private, Michael Died: 08/10/1914, Died (7451) Heffernan, Corporal, Andrew C Coy. Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (4235) Hogan, Sergeant, Patrick 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 08/05/1915, KIA (9434) Johnson, Private, Patrick Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (4944) Kelly, Private, John 9th Bn. Royal Welsh Fusiliers Died: 17/03/1916, DOW (23109) Kiely, Private, Denis Died: 07/05/1915, DOW (4882) Lenihan, Sergeant, Patrick C Coy. Died: 26/05/1915, KIA (5539) Heffernan, Private, John 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 27/09/1918, KIA (7280) Hogan, Private, Patrick 2/8th Bn. Lancashire Fusiliers Died: 09/10/1917, KIA (31372) Jordan, Private, Frederick 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 07/07/1917, Died (4736) Kelly, Private, Joseph 6th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 08/10/1917, Died (7990) Kiernan, Private, Edward 1st Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 14/02/1917, KIA (24038) Lennon, Corporal, Richard Army Service Corps Died: 25/09/1917, Died (M2/033377) Hegarty, Captain, Edward MC. 3rd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 03/09/1916, KIA Hogan, Corporal, Thomas 1st Bn. East Yorkshire Regiment Died: 09/08/1915, KIA (7149) Jordan, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 10/03/1918, KIA (5539) Kelly, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 14/01/1915, DOW (3800) Killeen, Private, Patrick 5th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 23/04/1915, Died (5828) Leonard, Fireman, James S.S. Aylevarroo (Limerick), Mercantile Marine Died: 07/10/1917, Drowned Hehir, Fireman, James S. S. Aylevarro (Limerick), Mercantile Marine Died: 07/10/1917, Drowned Hogan, Private, Thomas 7th Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 17/06/1916, KIA (21741) Jordan, Corporal, Peter Died: 30/05/1918, DOW (4996) Kelly, Private, Michael Died: 31/07/1917, DOW (6003) King, Private, James 2nd King s Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) Died: 18/10/1915, KIA (3481) Lillis, Private, John 8th Bn. The King s (Liverpool Regiment) Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (4775) Herlihy, Private, John 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 18/11/1915, Died (7543) Holloway, Private, Thomas 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 18/05/1915, KIA (5544) Joyce, Sergeant, Andrew 7th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 09/08/1915, KIA (8106) Kelly, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 30/06/1918, Died (25299) King, Second Lieutenant, Solomon 23rd (Tyneside Scottish) Bn. Northumberland Fusiliers Died: 13/10/1916, KIA Lillis, Private, John 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 21/01/1916, KIA (6235) Herlihy, Private, Patrick 6th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 15/08/1915, KIA (5110) Holmes, Squadron Corporal Major, Charles Leslie Household Cavalry, 1st Life Guards. Died: 30/10/1914, KIA (2061) Joyce, Private, Joseph Died: 15/10/1917, Died (3831) Kelly, Private, Patrick Died: 18/04/1916, DOW (3758) Kirby, Private, David 7th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 02/09/1918, KIA (26112) Lillis, Private, Patrick Died: 26/05/1916, KIA (4461) Herlihy, Private, Timothy 7th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 01/06/1917, KIA (729193) Holmes, Private, William 8th Bn. Royal Scots Guards Died: 12/05/1917, DOW (28937) Judge, Private, Christopher 26th (Tyneside Irish) Bn. Northumberland Fusiliers Died: 10/04/1917, DOW (41412) Kelly, Private, William 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 07/05/1916, DOW (8731) Kirby, Private, John Died: 16/11/1917, DOW (5963) Lloyd, Private, George 10th Bn. Canadian Infantry (Alberta Regiment) Died: 23/04/1915, KIA (20691) Hetherington, Private, Arthur Sherbrooke 1st Bn. Grenadier Guards Died: 27/09/1916, DOW (17852) Holohan, Corporal, Patrick Died: 19/08/1915, DOW (6108) Kavanagh, Rev. C.Ss.R, Bernard Army Chaplain s Dept. Died: 21/12/1917, DOW Kemmis, Company Sergeant Major, Harry 1st Bn. Bucks Light Infantry Died: 02/11/1915, KIA (5305) Kirby, Sapper, Thomas Inland Water Transport, Royal Engineers Died: 10/02/1917, Died (205903) Lloyd, Second Lieutenant, Thomas Richard Beamish Royal Army Service Corps Died: 20/02/1916, Died Hickey, Private, James 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 30/03/1918, KIA (10764) Honan, Private, James 300th Prot. Coy. Royal Defense Corps. Died: 10/10/1918, Drowned (81797) Kavanagh, Private, Denis Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (6195) Kennedy, Second Lieutenant, Arthur St. Clair 3rd Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 06/03/1915, Died Lane, Private, James 7th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 16/08/1915, KIA (480) Long, Private, Edward G Coy. Died: 25/04/1915, KIA (5944) Hickey, Private, John 9th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 20/09/1915, Died (4585) Horan, Lieutenant, Charles Robert A Coy. Died: 10/11/1917, KIA Kavanagh, Corporal, Jeremiah Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (5949) Kennedy, Private, James Royal Army Medical Corps Died: 05/05/1916, Died (3264) Lane, Private, John Died: 24/12/1916, Died (6952) Long, Seaman, John S.S. Polandia (Liverpool), Mercantile Marine Died: 10/03/1917, Drowned Hickey, Sergeant/Drummer, Joseph Died: 01/05/1915, KIA (5680) Horrigan, Private Michael 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 24/02/1917, Died (6504) Kavanagh, Private, Myles 6th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 02/06/1917, Died (6047) Kennedy, Private, John Machine Gun Company 21, U.S. Infantry Died: 05/05/1918,Poisoned Langrill, Private, Henry 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 03/11/1914, KIA (3345) Looby, Private, Edmond 311th Infantry Regiment. 78th Infantry Division. U.S. Army Medical Corps Died: 05/11/1917, KIA

34 LIMERICK BORN CASUALTIES OF WORLD WAR 1 Lowe, Private, Christopher 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 09/01/1916, Died (5562) McCauley, Sergeant, Thomas Died: 23/12/1918, DOW (3999) McDonnell, Private, Michael Died: 19/02/1917,Dies (6255) McMahon, Private, Daniel 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 01/11/1914, KIA (3936) McWilliams, Private, Cornelius B Coy. Died: 21/12/1914, KIA (5520) Millard, Rifleman, Patrick 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 27/10/1914, KIA (9304) Lowe, Driver, Michael Joseph Royal Field Artillery Died: 13/05/1915, Died (1856) McCarthy, Private, Denis 6th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 18/10/1917, Died (6200) McDonnell, Private, Patrick Died: 18/11/1916, KIA (3461) McMahon, Private, Francis 7th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 21/08/1918, KIA (26151) Madden, Private, David Died: 11/01/1916, Died (7347) Mills, Lance Corporal, Walter 8th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 27/04/1916, KIA (24579) Lowrey, Private, Charles 8th Bn. Royal Berkshire Regiment Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (14379) McCarthy, Private, Denis 7th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 30/11/1917, KIA (25525) McDougal, Lance Corporal, William 1st Bn. Seaforth Highlanders Died: 22/02/1917, KIA (798) McMahon, Sergeant, James Joseph 12th Bn. Suffolk Regiment Died: 12/04/1918, DOW (DCM/27419) Madeley, Lance Corporal, George Died: 28/03/1916, KIA (4547) Mills, Fireman, William S.S. Ingleside (Whitby), Mercantile Marine. Died: 08/05/1918, Drowned Lunn, Private, Richard Dennis 4th Bn. Australian Infantry Died: 06/08/1915, KIA (2188) McCarthy, Driver, Dennis 94th Bty. Royal Field Artillery Died: 30/04/1917, DOW (49336) McEvoy, Sapper, Thomas 95th Field Coy. Royal Engineers Died: 27/09/1917, KIA (45383) McMahon, Private, Michael Died: 18/07/1916, KIA (6609) Magner, Bombardier, Christopher 283rd Bde. Royal Field Artillery. Died: 03/08/1916, Died (48101) Mitchell, Sergeant, James 7th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 25/09/1916, DOW (14787) Lyddy, Private, John 7th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 04/10/1916, DOW (5563) McCarthy, Sergeant, James 12th Sqdn. Machine Gun Corps (Cavalry) Died: 08/06/1917, DOW (52293) McFadzean, Private, Robert John 5th Bn. Cameron Highlanders Died: 13/11/1915, DOW (S/18569) McMahon, Private, Patrick Died: 03/09/1916, KIA (5488) Maher, Private, Patrick 7th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 19/07/1916, DOW (26514) Mitchell, Private, John Died: 21/08/1915, KIA (8707) Lyddy, Private, Patrick A Coy. Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (6873) McCarthy, Private, John Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (4759) McGrath, Private, James 2nd Garrison Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 27/02/1917, DOW (G/1117) McMahon, Private, Patrick Died: 14/03/1917, KIA (6719) Mahoney, Private, James 2nd Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 16/05/1915, KIA (7581) Mitchell, Sergeant, Walter Ernest 2nd Bn. Lancashire Regiment Died: 13/11/1914, KIA (2964) Lyddy, Private, Thomas Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (15172) McCarthy, Private, Joseph Died: 04/10/1918, KIA (8862) McGrath, Corporal, John Died: 25/06/1916, KIA (8241) McMahon, Private, Patrick Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (7317) Mahony, Private, Timothy 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 23/11/1914, KIA (10219) Mitchell, Private, William Symes Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) Died: 06/10/1918, Died (123415) Lynch, Private, Daniel 44th Bn. Australian Infantry Died: 28/03/1918, KIA (3678) McCarthy, Private, Michael Royal Army Service Corps Died: 09/02/1916, Died (T4/126644) McGrath, Donkeyman, John S. S. Aylevarro (Limerick), Mercantile Marine Died: 07/10/1917, Drowned MacNamara, Lieutenant, Arthur William 12 Squadron Royal Air Force Died: 03/09/1918, KIA (DFC) Maloney, Private, Michael 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 15/09/1916, KIA (8396) Modler, Company Sergeant Major, Robert 1st Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 01/07/1916, KIA (7664) Lynch, Sergeant, James 1st Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 30/11/1917, KIA (30885) McCarthy, Private, Michael John Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (9372) McGrath, Private, John 14th Bn. Canadian Infantry (Manitoba Regiment) Died: 08/11/1917, KIA ( ) McNamara, Private, Patrick 42nd Bn. Canadian Infantry (Quebec Regiment) Died: 04/03/1919, Died Mangan, Seaman, George S.S. Clangula (Cork) Died: 19/11/1917, Drowned Moloney, Private, Daniel Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (2949) Lynch, Lance Corporal, John Died: 05/08/1917, KIA (3287) McCarthy, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (7030) McGrath, Private, John 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 26/04/1915, KIA (9540) McNamara, Lance Corporal, Hugh 1st Bn. King s Royal Rifle Corps Died: 10/03/1915, DOW (R/5715) Manning, Private, Joseph 6th Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 20/11/1917, KIA (5259) Moloney, Private, James Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) Died: 10/10/1917, KIA (19430) Lynch, Rifleman, John 1st Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 11/03/1915, KIA (8375) McCormac, Lieutenant, Herbert Hood 5th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 15/08/1915, KIA McGrath, Private, Martin 6th Bn. King s Own Scottish Borderers. Died: 17/07/1916, KIA (18942) McNamara, Lance Corporal, John Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (4574) Martin, Sapper, Joseph 1st Signal Coy., Royal Engineers Died: 01/10/1918, DOW (23837) Moloney, Private, John 19th Bn. Welsh Regiment Died: 11/06/1916, DOW (11628) Lynch, Private, Matthew Died: 27/08/1915, DOW (6077) McCormack, Private, Christopher Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (6253) McInerney, Donkeyman, Denis S.S. City of Swansea (Dublin) Mercantile Marine. Died: 25/09/1917, Drowned McNamara, Private, John 20th Bn. Hampshire Regiment Died: 11/11/1919, Died (5540) Mason, Private, John 63rd Bn. Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) Died: 29/09/1918, DOW (71652) Moloney, Private, Joseph Died: 29/06/1915, DOW (6868) Lynch, Private, Michael 9th Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 29/03/1918, KIA (20592) McCormack, Sergeant, Daniel Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (2309) McInerney, Private, John Died: 21/08/1917, KIA (5528) McNamara, Private, John Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (6122) Masterson, Gunner, Daniel Royal Field Artillery Died: 24/04/1917, DOW (79066) Moloney, Private, Martin 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 01/08/1917, DOW (11243) Lynch, Lance Corporal, Patrick Died: 23/06/1916, KIA (1848) McCormack, Private, David 9th Bn. East Surrey Regiment Died: 15/06/1917, KIA (10148) McInerney, Private, John 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 02/03/1915, KIA (7011) McNamara, Private, Michael Died: 20/04/1916, DOW (3998) Meagan, Lance Corporal, James 2nd Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 24/05/1915, KIA (17944) Moloney, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 26/04/1915, KIA (8059) Lynch, Private, Thomas A Coy. Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (5859) McCormack, Private, David, MM 89th Coy. Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) Died: 24/04/1917, DOW (20960) McInerney, Private, John 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 29/03/1918, KIA (28272) McNamara, Air Mechanic 3rd Class, Michael Royal Flying Corps Died: 24/02/1918, Died (55035) Meaney, Seaman, John S.S. Devonian, Royal Naval Reserve. Died: 21/08/1917, KIA (6213A) Moloney, Private, Peter John 2nd Bn. East Lancashire Regiment Died: 29/12/1914, KIA (9835) Lynch, Private, William Died: 26/05/1916, KIA (4455) Lyons, Private, James Died: 25/04/1915, KIA (8402) Lyons, Private, James Died: 14/11/1917, DOW (4/7874) Lyons, Private, Joseph 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 18/07/1918, Died (9620) Lyons, Private, William 7/8th Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 08/08/1917, KIA (16562) McAuliff O.F.M., Rev., Cornelius (Raphael) Army Chaplain s Dept. Died: 06/10/1916, Died McAuliffe, Private, Jeremiah Died: 25/06/1916, KIA (6048) McCann, Private, William 1st Bn. King s Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) Died: 21/09/1915, KIA (8802) McCormack, Private, James Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (7024) McCormack, Private, John Died: 04/09/1916, KIA (3863) McCormack, Private, William 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 28/09/1916, KIA (9398) McCormick, Second Lieutenant, Mark Huston 5th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 23/04/1917, KIA MacDonnell, Lieutenant, John Henry O Connell de Courcy Connaught Rangers. Attached Leinster Regiment Died: 14/10/1918, DOW McDonald, Lance Corporal, Alfred 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 01/06/1915, Died (10368) McDonald, Private, Arthur Patrick 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 01/04/1918, DOW (10955) McDonnell, Private, Francis Depot Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 04/07/1916, DOW (9/4433) McInerney, Private, Michael Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (7259) McInerney, Lance Corporal, Michael Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (8931) McInerney, Lance Corporal, Michael Died: 30/08/1914, KIA (9222) McInerney, Private, Thomas D Coy. 5th Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 28/08/1915, DOW (1024) McKinley, Sergeant, James 12th Coy. Canadian Machine Gun Corps. Died: 04/06/1917, KIA (135339) McKnight, Drummer, Edward Died: 25/04/1915, KIA (8686) McLoughlin, Ordinary Seaman, Michael H.M.S. Pheasant, Royal Navy Died: 01/03/1917,(J/42975) McMahon, Volunteer, Agnes Queen Mary s Army Auxiliary Corps Died: 27/10/1918, Died (1869) McNamara, Sergeant Major, Michael Francis G.H.Q. Baghdad Army Service Corps Died: 20/01/1918, Died (S/13074) McNamara, Private, Patrick Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (5415) McNamara, Private, Patrick Died: 03/09/1916, KIA (6746) McNamee, Private, George Patrick 7th Bn. Suffolk Regiment Died: 03/07/1916, KIA (9029) McNeill, Seaman, Duncan S.S. Keeper (Limerick), Mercantile Marine Died: 10/06/1917, Drowned McNulty, Seaman, Christopher Thomas S.S. Windsor Hall, Royal Naval Reserve. Died: 17/01/1918, KIA (5153A) McNulty, Private, Edward 13th Bn. Canadian Infantry (Quebec Regiment) Died: 05/05/1915, DOW (25047) McSweeney, Sapper, Bernard J. 38th Field Coy. Royal Engineers Died: 03/01/1916, Died (2931) Meehan, Musician, James Paul H.Q. Coy. 138th Infantry Regiment, 35th Division, U.S. Army Died: 27/09/1918, Died ( ) Meehan, Private, Michael 16th Bn. Australian Infantry, A.I.F. Died: 02/05/1915, KIA (350) Meehan, Lance Corporal, Patrick 7th Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 11/04/1916, DOW (2304) Meehan, Corporal, Stephen Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (9336) Mercier, Second Lieutenant, Herbert Blennerhassett 55 Sqdn., Royal Air Force Died: 03/11/1918, DOW Merner, Private, Daniel Died: 26/07/1916, KIA (9291) Mernock, Lance Corporal, Thomas Patrick Corps of Royal Engineers (Inland Water Transport) Died: 22/07/1918, Died (447250) Meskill, Private, Michael Died: 27/05/1915, KIA (5655) Moloney, Wireless Operator, William S.S. Turnbridge (Newcastle) Mercantile Marine Died: 07/07/1917, Drowned Mooney, Private, John 8th Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 26/04/1916, KIA (16015) Moore, Private, Michael 6th Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 03/09/1916, KIA (1342) Moore, Lance Corporal, Michael Died: 27/03/1918, Died (5959) Moore, Gunner, William Henry Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 30/08/1918, Died (85069) Moran, Lieutenant, Frank 9th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 23/08/1916, KIA Moran, Private, Patrick Died: 12/10/1917, DOW (5461) Moran, Private Robert Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (3861)

35 LIMERICK BORN CASUALTIES OF WORLD WAR 1 Morgan, Private, Patrick 5th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 03/10/1915, Died (6396) Nash, Gunner, Frank Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 02/11/1918, Died (3368) O Brien, Private, Daniel Died: 20/07/1916, KIA (5658) O Callaghan, Private, George Died: 03/06/1918, Died (8865) O Donnell, Private, John 1st Bn. Norfolk Regiment Died: 11/03/1915, KIA (3/7883) O Gorman, Private, Patrick Died: 28/05/1916, KIA (3772) Morgan, Lieutenant, William J. Royal Field Artillery Died: 19/11/1918, Died Nash, Private, Henry John 2nd. Bn. Worcestershire Regiment Died: 16/05/1915, KIA (13676) O Brien, Private, Denis Died: 04/08/1917, KIA (6836) O Callaghan, Private, Thomas Died: 21/07/1916, DOW (5665) O Donnell, Private, John 2nd Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 11/08/1918, Died (43188) O Grady, Private, Henry A Coy. Died: 01/05/1915, KIA (9427) Morrissy, Private, Timothy Michael Royal Army Service Corps Died: 14/02/1919, Died (M2/190197) Nash, Lieutenant, James Haran 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 27/03/1918, KIA O Brien, Sergeant, Henry 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 28/06/1916, KIA (4637) O Connell, Private, Daniel Died: 04/10/1918, Died (8259) O Donnell, Private, John Patrick 3rd Bn. Middlesex Regiment Died: 24/04/1915, KIA (G/5071) O Grady, Private, Patrick Died: 21/08/1915, KIA (9390) Morrissey, Private, Denis 10th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 20/11/1916, DOW (26485) Nash, Lance Corporal, John Died: 27/02/1916, DOW (6526) O Brien, Private, James Died: 04/09/1916, KIA (3955) O Connell, Private, Daniel 7/8th Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 07/09/1917, DOW (13583) O Donnell, Private, John Thomas Died: 21/12/1914, KIA (5439) O Grady, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 29/04/1916, KIA (6631) Mulcahy, Private, Michael Royal Army Medical Corps Died: 15/09/1916, KIA (42961) Naughton, Lance Corporal, Phillip Died: 31/08/1916, DOW (3606) O Brien, Fireman, James S.S. Aurania (Liverpool) Mercantile Marine Died: 04/02/1918, Drowned O Connell, Private, John Died: 20/07/1916, KIA (4846) O Donnell, Private, Michael 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 10/05/1915, DOW (10183) O Hagan J.C.F., Private, John 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Guards Died: 22/06/1917, KIA (11121) Mulcahy, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 04/06/1915, DOW (10776) Naughton, Private, William 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 18/08/1917, DOW (40928) O Brien, Private, James 1st Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 24/04/1915, KIA (10097) O Connell, Private, Michael Died: 06/09/1916, KIA (4598) O Donnell, Private, William 9th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 08/01/1916, KIA (393) O Halloran, Private, John 1st Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 08/09/1916, KIA (5541) Mulcahy, Private, Robert Died: 30/06/1916, KIA (4050) Nealon, Lance Corporal, Daniel 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 15/09/1916, KIA (6785) O Brien, Private, John 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (5344) O Connell, Gunner, Thomas Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 14/02/1916, KIA (29884) O Donoghue, Private, John Died: 15/10/1917, DOW (7744) O Halloran, Lance Corporal, John 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 07/04/1915,(1736) Mullane, Private, William Died: 28/06/1915, KIA (5787) Nealon, Private, Michael 3rd Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 16/12/1915,(4917) O Brien, Private John 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 10/11/1917, KIA (6509) O Connell, Private, William A Coy. 9th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 27/03/1916, KIA (5674) O Donoghue, Private, John Martin 14th B. Canadian Infantry (Central Ontario Regiment) Died: 09/10/1918, Died O Halloran, Rifleman, Patrick 1st Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 07/09/1918, KIA (21659) Mulqueen, Private, Martin Died: 15/09/1916, Died (5652) Nealon, Lance Corporal, Patrick Joseph 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 27/11/1917, KIA (11350) O Brien, Private, John 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 19/10/1914, KIA (8490) O Conell, Sergeant, William 1st Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 11/05/1915, KIA (8883) O Donoghue, Private, Joseph Royal Air Force Died: 06/10/1918,(288259) O Hanlon, Private, Thomas 2nd Bn. Manchester Regiment Died: 18/10/1914, KIA (689) Mulvihill, Private, Denis 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 31/07/1917, KIA (10517) Neazor, Private, Robert Canadian Cavalry M.G. Sqdn. Died: 12/10/1918, KIA ( ) O Brien, Private, John 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 15/09/1914, KIA (9243) O Connor, Private, Denis Died: 10/11/1917, KIA (5443) O Donovan, Private, Martin 2nd. Bn. Irish Guards Died: 27/03/1918, KIA (8059) O Keefe, Private, Michael 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 08/07/1915, KIA (17682) Munroe, Private, Michael 13th Bn. The King s (Liverpool Regiment) Died: 06/05/1916, DOW (12519) Neilon, Private, Augustine 6th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 15/08/1915, KIA (381) O Brien, Gunner, John Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 14/10/1916,(41841) O Connor, Private, James 3rd Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 14/06/1915, Died (4001) O Donovan, Private, Michael 7th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 06/09/1916, KIA (26434) O Keeffe, Private, John 1st Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 24/11/1916, Died (23461) Murphy, Private, Christopher Died: 09/05/1916, KIA (5938) Nestor, Gunner, John 4th Siege Bty. Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 30/10/1918,(282986) O Brien, Captain, John M.C. Died: 06/10/1918, KIA O Connor, Private, John Died: 16/12/1917, KIA (5680) O Dwyer, Private, Denis 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 17/09/1916, KIA (9056) O Keeffe, Private James 5th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 26/06/1917, Died (1251) Murphy, Private, Denis Labour Corps Died: 23/08/1918, Died (506039) Neville, Private, John Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (5967) O Brien, Private, Martin Died: 28/06/1915, KIA (6002) O Connor, Private, John 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 09/07/1917, Died (9092) O Dwyer, Private, James Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (1825) O Keefe, Lance Corporal, John Joseph O Keeffe 7th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 17/08/1915, DOW (13836) Murphy, Sergeant, James 9th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 22/06/1916, KIA (5370) Neville, Private, Terence Died: 10/06/1916, DOW (6324) O Brien, Private, Michael 5th Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 21/08/1915, KIA (1038) O Connor, Private, Michael Died: 23/08/1915, DOW (6363) O Dwyer, Corporal, James 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 20/05/1917, DOW (7731) O Malley, Private, Charles Labour Corps Died: 28/05/1918, DOW (397278) Nevin, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 25/04/1915, KIA (3141) O Brien, Private, Michael 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (6111) O Connor, Captain, Richard Dominic Royal Army Medical Corps Died: 25/10/1914, KIA O Dwyer, Gunner, James 20th Siege Bty-Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 12/09/1917, KIA (24700) O Malley, Private, Martin Y Coy. 1St Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 26/04/1915, KIA (9699) Noonan, Private, John Joseph N.Z. Machine Gun Corps Died: 15/06/1917, KIA (12244) O Brien, Private, Michael 2nd Bn., Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (7106) O Connor, Private, Thomas Died: 29/11/1915, Died (10377) O Dwyer, Private, John 5th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 11/07/1916,(4316) O Malley, Company Sergeant Major, Timothy 1st Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 11/05/1917, KIA (5367) Noonan, Lance Sergeant, Joseph Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (5476) O Brien, Lance Corporal, Michael Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) Died: 25/04/1917, KIA (20958) O Dea, Private, John Died: 04/05/1916, KIA (4765) O Dwyer, Rifleman, Peter 7th Bn. King s Royal Rifle Corps. Died: 24/03/1918, DOW (R/11013) O Mara, Private, John Died: 17/07/1916, DOW (8/1405) Noonan, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 15/09/1916, KIA (9425) O Brien, Able Seaman, Michael Patrick S.S. Edlington, Royal Navy Reserve Died: 15/03/1917, Accidentally drowned (Z/3909) O Doherty, Private, Christopher Died: 21/08/1915, KIA (6237) O Dwyer, Second Lieutenant, Robert Martyn Royal Field Artillery Died: 19/10/1918, Died O Mara, Private, Patrick Middlesex Duke of Cambridge s Hussars Died: 14/12/1915, Died (2892) Noonan, Private, Thomas 13th Bn. Australian Infantry A.I.F. Died: 09/08/1915, KIA (204) O Brien, Gunner, Patrick Royal Field Artillery Died: 07/11/1917, KIA (76887) O Doherty, Private, William 1st Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 13/01/1917, Died (6019) O Dwyer, Private, Timothy Died: 30/06/1916, KIA (3668) O Neill, Private, Daniel 5th Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 14/10/1915, DOW (2908) Noone, Private, John Died: 07/05/1916, KIA (3613) O Brien, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 11/11/1917, DOW (4764) O Donnell, Private, Christopher 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 20/04/1916, Died (10398) O Gara, Private, Francis 8th Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 06/08/1917, KIA (27145) O Neill, Lieutenant, Roderick 6th Bn. Duke of Wellington s (West Riding Regiment) Died: 03/05/1917, KIA Norris, Company Quartermaster Sergeant, John 11th Bn. Manchester Regiment. Died: 10/08/1915, KIA (2395) O Brien, Lance Corporal, Thomas Died: 23/06/1916, KIA (4460) O Donnell, Private, Daniel Labour Corps Died: 27/10/1917, KIA (405045) O Gorman, Shoeing Smith, Charles 2nd Reserve Regiment of Cavalry Died: 24/04/1916, DOW (13057) O Regan, Private, Maurice 10th Bn. The Buffs (East Kent Regiment) Died: 31/10/1917, KIA (270867) Nugent, Private, John Died: 03/09/1918, DOW (9712) O Brien, Lieutenant, Thomas Augustine Army Veterinary Corps. Died: 06/10/1918, Died O Donnell, Private, Edward 5th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 25/05/1915, Died (4661) O Gorman, Private, Christopher 25th Bn. Australian Infantry, A.I.F. Died: 29/07/1916, KIA (470) O Reilly, Private, Michael Royal Army Medical Corps Died: 09/04/1918, KIA (32790) O Brien, Captain, Aubrey Ulick Marshall 39th Bde. Royal Field Artillery Died: 01/11/1914, KIA O Callaghan, Private, Albert Died: 05/05/1916, DOW (6100) O Donnell, Private, James Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (8964) O Gorman, Private, John Died: 07/11/1916, DOW (8664) O Reilly, Seaman, Thomas H.M.S. Laurentic, Royal Naval Reserve Died: 25/01/1917, KIA (3586A) Murphy, Private, John Died: 12/08/1915, DOW (7715) Murphy, Private, John 14th Bn. Northumberland Fusiliers Died: 15/06/1917, Died (27/480) Murphy, Driver, Joseph Royal Army Service Corps Died: 21/11/1916, Died (TS/268A) Murphy, Gunner, Michael Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 20/10/1917, Died (52239) Murphy, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (7002) Murphy, Lance Corporal, Timothy 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 23/11/1914, KIA (10000) Murphy, Private, William 6th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (5392) Murphy, Private, William Reserve Bn. Irish Guards Died: 10/10/1918, Drowned (14116) Myles, Major, Charles William Chester Royal Army Medical Corps (Territorial Force) Died: 19/10/1918, Died

36 LIMERICK BORN CASUALTIES OF WORLD WAR 1 O Rourke, Able Seaman, John H.M.S. Viknor, Royal Navy. Died: 13/01/1915, Drowned (204647) O Sullivan, Lieutenant, Thomas George 4th Light Railway Operating Coy., Royal Engineers Died: 21/08/1918, KIA Quinlivan, Private, James Royal Horse Artillery Died: 21/09/1914, Died (41972) Roughan, Sergeant, Frederick Died: 23/08/1916, KIA (4552) Ryan, Private, Thomas 2nd. Bn. King s Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) Died: 08/05/1915, KIA (2757) Sheahan, Private, George 6th Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 19/02/1917, KIA (6793) O Shaughnessy, Private, Charles Died: 28/06/1916, KIA (8831) Owens, Lieutenant, Charles Arnold 13th Bn. West Yorkshire Regiment (Prince of Wales s Own) Died: 10/01/1917, DOW Quinlivan, Private, Michael 1st. Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers. Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (40451) Rowland, Company Sergeant Major, Patrick Joseph Died: 12/12/1915,(3340) Ryan, Private, Thomas 2nd. Bn. King s Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) Died: 08/05/1915, KIA (17811) Sheehan, Private, Daniel Died: 29/05/1916, KIA (4769) Quinn, Private, James Edward 13th Bn. Canadian Infantry (Quebec Regiment) Died: 24/04/1915, KIA (24640) Ruttledge, M.C., Captain, John Forrest 2nd Bn. West Yorkshire Regiment (Prince of Wales s Own) Died: 01/07/1916, KIA Ryan, Private, William 2nd Bn, Leinster Regiment Died: 27/03/1918, KIA (4407) Sheehan, Sergeant, Daniel Joseph 1st Bn. Grenadier Guards. Died: 24/07/1917, DOW (11124) Ryan, Gunner, William 315th Siege Bty, Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 23/08/1917, KIA (134907) Sheehan, Private, James 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 23/12/1915, DOW (7660) Salmon, Lance Corporal, Joseph 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 21/01/1915, KIA (5870) Sheehan, Private, Joseph 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 25/01/1915, KIA (4990) O Shaughnessy, Private, Denis Died: 03/09/1916, KIA (3315) O Shaughnessy, Private, John P. 3rd Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 14/07/1917, Died (29964) O Shaughnessy, Private, Michael Depot, Royal Irish Regiment. Died: 12/01/1919,(9513) O Shaughnessy, Private, Michael 1st Bn Irish Guards Died: 05/10/1914, KIA (3308) O Shaughnessy, Private, Patrick Died: 01/05/1916, KIA (8493) O Shaughnessy, Private, Patrick Joseph 12th Bn Australian Infantry A.I.F. Died: 15/04/1917, Died (4235) O Shea, Private, John Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (8730) O Shea, Driver, Michael Royal Army Service Corps Died: 12/07/1918,(T/24125) O Shea, Bombardier, Michael Royal Field Artillery Died: 29/06/1915, DOW (57329) O Sullivan, Private, David Died: 22/03/1918, KIA (9417) Owens, Second Lieutenant, William Brabazon 56th Field Coy., Royal Engineers. Died: 25/06/1916, Died Parker, Captain, James Royal Army Medical Corps Died: 16/06/1916, KIA Payne, Sergeant, Robert 1st Bn Irish Guards Died: 06/11/1914, KIA (151) Payne, Private, William Henry 9th Bn. Royal Fusiliers Died: 27/05/1918, KIA (41605) Peaston, Private, William 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 29/03/1918, KIA (26392) Pegum, Captain, Joseph Patrick Royal Army Medical Corps. Attached to 7th Bn. King s Shropshire Light Infantry Died: 26/09/1917, KIA Pennie, Private, William 1st Bn. Canterbury Regiment, N.Z.E.F. Died: 25/08/1918, KIA (28913) Perris, Bandsman, Albert J. 2nd Bn. Highland Light Infantry Died: 03/11/1914, KIA (6490) Pery, Captain, Edmund William Claude Gerard De Vere (Viscount Glentworth) 32 Squadron Royal Air Force. Died: 18/05/1918, KIA O Sullivan, Private, Frank 2nd Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 18/03/1915,(7542) Phillips, Private, James 1st/5th Bn. West Yorkshire Regiment (Prince of Wales s own) Died: 02/12/1918, Died (76820) O Sullivan, Private, John 1st Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 25/04/1915, KIA (10699) Pierce, Private, James 10th Bn. Gloucestershire Regiment Died: 02/01/1916, KIA (21414) O Sullivan, Corporal, Martin 8th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (26186) Piper, Sergeant, George 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 21/01/1916, KIA (7986) O Sullivan, Lance Corporal, Michael 1st Bn Irish Guards Died: 18/05/1915, KIA (3709) Powell, Drummer, Christopher Died: 25/04/1915, KIA (8442) O Sullivan, Private, Michael Died: 31/07/1917, KIA (5947) Powell, Lance Corporal, Christopher Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) Died: 26/03/1918, KIA (29085) O Sullivan, Private, Michael Died: 01/05/1915, KIA (9798) Power, Private, Daniel Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (6029) O Sullivan, Private, Mortimer Died: 09/04/1916, DOW (5816) Power, Private, Joseph 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 27/09/1916, DOW (7626) O Sullivan, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 11/04/1917, KIA (18937) Power, Lieutenant, Pierce Michael Joseph Royal Army Medical Corps. Attached to 1st Bn. Wiltshire Regiment. Died: 02/03/1915, KIA O Sullivan, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 30/09/1916, DOW (9236) O Sullivan, Private, Patrick Died: 18/09/1916, DOW (6536) O Sullivan, Lance Corporal, Thomas 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Guards Died: 23/03/1918, KIA (11752) Purtill, Private, James Died: 27/08/1914, KIA (10001) Quigley, Able Seaman, William S.S. Aylevarroo (Limerick) Mercantile Marine Died: 07/10/1917, Drowned Quill, Private, Michael 10th Bn. Royal Warwickshire Regiment. Died: 25/07/1917, KIA (30117) Quinn, Private, Michael Joseph 53rd Bn. The Queen s (Royal West Surrey Regiment) Died: 09/11/1918, Died (TR/10/8161) Quinn, Driver, Patrick Royal Field Artillery Died: 10/07/1917, KIA (101330) Quinn, Private, William Died: 05/02/1915, KIA (7593) Quinn, Private, William 1st Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 14/02/1915, KIA (9967) Raleigh, Private, Timothy Died: 03/02/1915, DOW (7758) Reddan, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 19/04/1915, DOW (8969) Reddin, Private, Patrick Died: 16/07/1916, KIA (6466) Redfern, Corporal, Peter 3/5th Bn. Lancashire Fusiliers Died: 09/10/1917, KIA (201280) Reid, Lance Corporal, John 9th. Bn Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 16/08/1917, KIA (20083) Reidy, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 06/09/1915,(9066) Rice, Private, Joseph 2nd Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 14/09/1914, KIA (8198) Rice, Company Quartermaster Sergeant, Richard Royal Engineers Died: 18/08/1918, Died (11522) Ridge, Private, Michael Died: 11/09/1917, KIA (4273) Riordan, Stoker 1st Class, John Joe H.M.S. Kent, Royal Navy Died: 11/11/1918,(35453) Robertson, Major, Edward Craig York and Lancaster Regiment Died: 29/09/1915, KIA Roche, Private, James Died: 08/09/1916, DOW (2366) Roche, Second Lieutenant, William Henry 10th Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 27/03/1918, KIA Ronan, Private, James 2nd Bn, Leinster Regiment Died: 19/06/1918, KIA (4568) Rose, Private, Robert William 10th Bn, Sherwood Foresters (Notts and Derby Regiment) Died: 21/08/1918, DOW (Gas) (72325) Ryan, Lieutenant, Charles 3rd Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 14/10/1918, KIA Ryan, Major, Clement Ignatius 9th Bn. Essex Regiment Died: 08/07/1916, KIA Ryan, Corporal, Edmond 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 19/10/1914, KIA (10745) Ryan, Private, James Died: 28/07/1916,(8/3951) Ryan, Private, John Died: 13/04/1916, KIA (3864) Ryan, Private, John 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 16/09/1914, KIA (2698) Ryan, Private, John Patrick Labour Corps. Died: 09/05/1918, DOW (336134) Ryan, Private, John 2nd Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 22/10/1914, KIA (7882) Ryan, Private, John 7th Bn. Royal Scots Fusiliers Died: 28/09/1915, DOW (16948) Ryan, Private, John 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 15/09/1916, KIA (5472) Ryan, Private, Joseph 2nd Bn. Welsh Regiment Died: 11/05/1915, DOW (18477) Ryan, Private, Joseph 2nd Bn. Tank Corps Died: 22/05/1918, KIA (78669) Ryan, Lance Corporal, Michael 8th Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 05/05/1916, DOW (20467) Ryan, Private, Michael Died: 12/08/1917, KIA (4693) Ryan, Private, Patrick Died: 21/08/1915, KIA (6159) Ryan, Lance Corporal, Patrick 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 02/05/1916, KIA (7326) Ryan, Private, Patrick 2nd Garrison Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 28/10/1918,(32127) Ryan, Private, Patrick Died: 01/05/1915,(9409) Ryan, Gunner, Richard Royal Field Artillery Died: 27/04/1917, (30645) Ryan, Lance Corporal, Thomas 1st Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 13/03/1915, KIA (9158) Sarsfield, Private, Timothy 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 13/08/1918, KIA (8821) Saunders, Private, John Joseph 1st Bn Irish Guards Died: 27/09/1918, KIA (11944) Scales, Private, James 9th Bn. Australian Infantry, A.I.F. Died: 21/07/1918, DOW (1650) Scanlan, Private, Daniel Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (4906) Scanlan, Corporal, John Postal Section, Royal Engineers Died: 05/02/1919,(59859) Schumacher, Private, Samuel 14th Bn, Gloucestershire Regiment Died: 18/09/1918,(38727) Sciasia, Lance Corporal, Joseph 7th Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 20/03/1918,(4264) Scott, Private, George 2nd Garrison Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 17/12/1917,(2548) Scully, Private, Patrick Reserve Bn. Irish Guards Died: 01/08/1916,(5343) Scully, Private, Martin 2nd Bn. Royal Dublin Fusiliers Died: 17/10/1914,(7465) Sexton, Sapper, James Postal Section, Royal Engineers Died: 04/03/1919,(59823) Sexton, Private, Michael Died: 30/09/1918,(5803) Sexton, Bombardier, William Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 11/09/1915, KIA (28712) Seymour, Private, Guy Blundell 1st Bn. Grenadier Guards. Died: 18/09/1917, DOW (28021) Shanahan, Private, John 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 13/10/1915, KIA (5407) Shaw, Captain, Gordon Thompson Died: 28/08/1918, KIA Shea, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn.Irish Guards Died: 29/04/1916, KIA (7430) Sheehan, Private, Francis Died: 10/06/1916, KIA (4002) Sheehan, Private, Patrick Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (27090) Sheehan, Private, Thomas 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 01/02/1917,(7458) Sheehy, Private, Henry 2nd Bn. Leinster Regiment Died: 20/10/1914, KIA (7417) Sheehy, Private, John 1st Bn Irish Guards Died: 01/08/1917, DOW (11491) Sheehy, Private, Michael 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 20/08/1916, KIA (6528) Sheehy, Private, Simon Died: 12/11/1917, DOW (4822) Sherwood, Private, William R. 1st Bn Irish Guards Died: 05/11/1914, KIA (3752) Shiels, Private, James Died: 24/01/1917, KIA (4048) Shiels, Sapper, John Corps of Royal Engineers Died: 09/08/1915, KIA (18118) Shier, Lance Corporal, Christopher George 7th Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 30/11/1917,(25781) Shilcock, Corporal, William Henry 2nd Bn. Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry Died: 27/07/1916, KIA (7922) Shine, Private, Patrick Died: 07/05/1916, KIA (5763) Shute, Petty Officer Stoker, Joseph H.M.S. Monmouth Royal Navy Died: 01/11/1914, KIA (301552) Simmons, Private, Patrick 20th Bn. Australian Infantry, A.I.F. Died: 21/05/1918, DOW (6416) Skinnan, Sergeant, Frank 24th (Tyneside Irish) Bn. Northumberland Fusiliers Died: 23/10/1917, KIA (24/310) Slattery, Private, Michael Died: 25/04/1915, KIA (7008) Slattery, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 21/08/1916, KIA (6463) Small, Private, John Died: 03/05/1915, DOW (8471)

37 LIMERICK BORN CASUALTIES OF WORLD WAR 1 Small, Private, Michael Died: 07/06/1917, KIA (5802) Small, Private, William 1st Bn. Royal Irish Fusiliers Died: 25/04/1917, KIA (11387) Smith, Corporal, George Robinson 4th Bn. Australian Infantry Died: 06/09/1917, KIA (1135) Smith, Sergeant, John 1st Bn. Hampshire Regiment Died: 01/07/1916, KIA (8971) Smith, Gunner, Thomas Royal Field Artillery 121st Bty. Died: 23/08/1914, KIA (61356) Smyth, Private, Frank Royal Army Medical Corps Died: 08/09/1917, DOW (70029) Smyth, Private, Gerald 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 27/10/1914, KIA (4568) Spring-Rice, Lieutenant, Gerald 11th Bn. Border Regiment Died: 26/05/1916, KIA Sulliavn, Private, Michael 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 01/01/1915, KIA (6044) Sullivan, Private, Patrick Labour Corps Died: 16/01/1918,(364468) Sullivan, Private, Patrick A Coy. 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 15/03/1915,(10420) Sullivan, Acting Bombardier, Patrick Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 15/03/1917, KIA (26120) Sullivan, Private, Thomas 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 21/12/1914, KIA (5209) Supple, Corporal, Stephen 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 25/07/1916, DOW (455) Sweeney, Private, John 1st Bn Leinster Regiment Died: 14/04/1915, KIA (8522) Sweeney, Private, Patrick Died: 13/08/1918,(3508) Toher, Gunner, William Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 01/12/1917, KIA (172559) Tolton, Private, Denis 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 27/09/1918, DOW (5758) Tolton, Private, Francis 4th Bn Leinster Regiment Died: 30/12/1917,(4472) Toohill, Private, John 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 26/10/1914, KIA (10498) Toomey, Private, William 1st Bn Irish Guards Died: 18/05/1915, KIA (5769) Torpey, Gunner, Henry Alphonsus 8th Bn. Australian Field Artillery Died: 05/06/1917, KIA (20109) Townsend, Sapper John Joseph Inland Water Transport, Royal Engineers Died: 26/05/1917,(264963) Tracey, Petty Officer Stoker, Frederick William Francis H.M.S. Monmouth, Royal Navy. Died: 01/11/1914, KIA (287221) Tuohey, Private, John Died: 07/07/1916, DOW (5297) Tuohey, Sergeant, Martin Died: 01/05/1915, KIA (8080) Bourke, Private, Patrick 1st Bn Irish Guards Died: 01/09/1914, KIA (4566) Tuohy, Donkeyman, Michael S.S. Hazelwood (Middlesbrough) Mercantile Marine Died: 19/10/1917, Drowned Twyford, Private, Patrick 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 01/02/1915, KIA (5278) Upton, Private, William 17th Bn. Lancashire Fusiliers Died: 01/06/1918, KIA (45510) Vale, Sergeant, Thomas 2nd Bn. Worcestershire Regiment Died: 04/03/1917, KIA (8237) Vance, Second Lieutenant, Charles Richard Griffin 1st Bn. Cheshire Regiment Died: 09/03/1915, KIA Walsh, Private, Michael Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (5569) Walsh, Private, Patrick Died: 02/09/1916, KIA (4058) Walsh, Private, Thomas Died: 22/03/1918, KIA (4801) Walsh, Corporal, William Died: 09/09/1916, KIA (4580) Walshe, Rifleman, Richard 9th Bn. Royal Irish Rifles Died: 07/06/1917, DOW (44094) Walters, Private, John Died: 21/08/1915, KIA (5776) Ward, Private, Harry Royal Army Service Corps Died: 21/10/1914,(T/20494) Ward, Captain, Otto Charles 124th Duchess of Connaught s Own Baluchistan Infantry Died: 11/01/1917, Died White, Private, Patrick 8th Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 08/09/1916, DOW (4543) White, Private, Samuel 9th Bn. East Surrey Regiment Died: 13/12/1918, DOW (35155) White, Private, Thomas 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 21/11/1917, DOW (8085) White-Bell, Captain, John William 5th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 09/09/1916, KIA Wilbank, Private, John 8/10th Bn. Gordon Highlanders Died: 06/08/1916, DOW (13730) Wilkinson, Apprentice, Alfred H.M.T. Corby, Mercantile Marine Died: 16/09/1917, Died (115220) Williams, Private, John Died: 30/06/1916, KIA (1824) Williams, Drummer, Robert Francis 2nd Bn. Seaforth Highlanders Died: 23/10/1916, KIA (545) Stapleton, Private, Cornelius 2nd Bn. Lenister Regiment Died: 20/10/1914, KIA (5295) Steepe, Private, William 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 01/02/1915, KIA (4438) Stewart, Staff Nurse, Elizabeth Grace Queen s Alexandra s Imperial Nursing Service Died: 15/02/1916, Died (2/RES/51) Storan, Private, Edward 7th Bn. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers Died: 27/04/1916, KIA (26477) Storey, Gunner, David Royal Garrison Artillery Died: 17/04/1918, DOW (21206) Storin, Private, Joseph 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 18/03/1917, DOW (10057) Sullivan, Private, James 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 01/02/1915, KIA (5754) Sullivan, Private, John 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 18/07/1916, DOW (7782) Sullivan, Private, Michael 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (4933) Sweeney, Private, Patrick 1st Bn. Connaught Rangers Died: 22/06/1916,(6015) Sweetland, Private, Michael 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 27/09/1915, KIA (3109) Swinnerton, Gunner, Norman Royal Field Artillery Died: 21/07/1918, DOW (243992) Gas Switzer, Private, George Died: 21/03/1918, KIA (868) Taylor, Private, Denis Died: 25/09/1915, KIA (3284) Tichbourne, Private, Michael Died: 02/05/1915, KIA (9277) Tidmarsh, Lieutenant, John Moriarty 47 Squadron T.D.S. Royal Air Force Died: 03/09/1918, Died (accident) Tobin, Private, Richard 2nd Garrison Bn. Essex Regiment Died: 23/11/1917,(26132) Tobin, Private, William Died: 20/11/1917, DOW (4309) Tracy, Fireman, Michael S.S. Norwegian (Liverpool) Mercantile Marine Died: 13/03/1917, KIA Tracey, Private, Michael 7th Bn. Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 03/03/1917, DOW (6328) Tracey, Private, Patrick Died: 21/08/1915, KIA (10337) Travers, Trooper, George 1st Household Battalion Died: 19/04/1917, KIA (533) Trench, Captain, Percy Richard Oliver 1st. Bn. The Queen s (Royal West Surrey Regiment) Died: 25/01/1917, KIA Treston, Gunner, William Royal Field Artillery Died: 29/04/1916,(90794) Troy, Private, Daniel 2nd Bn. Sherwood Foresters (Notts and Derby Regiment) Died: 12/02/1917, KIA (63069) Troy, Sapper, Francis 78th Field Coy. Corps of Royal Engineers Died: 29/07/1917, KIA (89308) Tuite, Private, Charles Died: 12/04/1916, DOW (4941) Vandeleur, Lieutenant, John Beauclerk 3rd Bn Leicestershire Regiment (Attached to Worcestershire Regiment) Died: 07/11/1914, KIA Vause, Company Sergeant Major, William Thomas 4th Bn. Middlesex Regiment Died: 02/02/1916, DOW (L/7674) Wade, Private, Michael Died: 04/09/1916, KIA (3884) Wallace, Private, Edward Died: 22/03/1918,(7125) Wallace, Private, Francis Died: 26/05/1915, DOW (9293) Wallace, Gunner, Patrick Joseph Royal Field Artillery Died: 16/04/1915, Drowned (60904) Wallace, Private, Richard Cooke 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 13/09/1917, KIA (7722) Walsh, Private, James 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 21/12/1914, KIA (5258) Walsh, Private, John 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 12/02/1919, DOW (1506) Wells, Bombardier, Albert Royal Field Artillery Died: 25/04/1917, KIA (59365) Weir, Private, John D Coy. Died: 11/09/1915, KIA (4966) Wharton, Private, George 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 09/05/1915, KIA (6969) Whelan, Private, Michael 2nd Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 22/03/1918, KIA (6586) Whitaker, Sergeant, Thomas G. 1st Bn. Grenadier Guards Died: 26/09/1916, DOW (19059) White, Lance Corporal, Charles 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 05/06/1915, KIA (8836) White, Private, John 2nd Bn. Royal Irish Regiment Died: 21/08/1918, KIA (16238) White, Private, John 8th Bn, Royal Munster Fusiliers Died: 03/10/1916, KIA (5526) White, Private, Patrick Died: 28/06/1915, KIA (9190) Wills, Lance Corporal, Edgar Walter 9th Bn. Rifle Brigade Died: 15/09/1916, KIA (B/203076) Wilson, Driver, Henry Royal Field Artillery Died: 19/04/1917, DOW (76582) Wilson, Private, James H. 4th Central Ontario Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force Died: 09/07/1916, Executed (10701) Woulfe, Private, Michael 1st Bn. Irish Guards Died: 01/11/1914, KIA (2486) Wren, Private, Edward 2nd Bn. Irish Guards Died: 27/11/1917, KIA (6797) Yates, Private, John William Royal Army Medical Corps Died: 05/03/1916, KIA (42639) Yelverton, Private, Christopher Died: 20/07/1915, DOW (6073) York, Private, Claude Labour Corps Died: 01/10/1918, Died (97414)

38

39 Politics at Home The 1916 Rising and the War of Independence would not have happened without World War 1, The Fenian view was England s Difficulty is Irelands Opportunity. Fear of conscription and frustration with the slow progress of Home Rule created underlying discontent. The leaders of the 1916 Rising were able to light a fuse that sparked the War of Independence. Ireland was one of several European countries to become independent as a result of the war, including Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia.

40 Members of the Royal Munster Fusiliers and the Royal Dublin Fusiliers returning after the Battle of Ginchy, 9 September Image: Drawn by Christopher Clark.

41 The Last General Absolution of the Munsters at Rue de Bois, capturing the scene of Fr Francis Gleeson, army chaplain, giving general absolution to the Royal Munster Fusiliers on 8 May On the following day the regiment of 800 suffered huge losses at the Battle of Aubers Ridge with only 200 surviving. Copy of original by Fortunio Matania

42 This model was built by Gerry Lewis, Caherdavin, reflecting his great interest in military history. Gerry died in The model has been re-assembled by his friends, Chris Cornwall, Brian Cosgrave, Shane Bourke, Emma Noonan and Declan Noonan.

43 The Ordinary Soldier The soldier had to carry a lot of items on the battlefield. Gas mask and container, notebook and service warrant card, mess tins, a tin opener, a bar of soap, a water flask, blankets, a trench shovel, field dressing, a mess kit, polish, a razor, gun oil, ammunition clips, a helmet, Lee Enfield rifle & bayonet. These were heavy but essential for survival Courtesy of Denis Carroll and Tony Connolly

44 If you look out towards Thomond Bridge you will see the scene of the four sieges of Limerick in 1642, 1651, 1690, and These cannonballs were the type of missile hurled at King John s Castle during the sieges and were found throughout the Limerick city area.

45 Life on the Front 1. Tobacco Tin and Cigarette Box- While these may seem like small items, the importance of tobacco cannot be stressed enough. Tobacco and rum were supplied to troops on the frontline, and were useful distractions and morale-boosters for the soldiers. Between cigarettes per week would be given to each soldier behind the lines, and were one of the smaller pleasures that would make life easier on the front. Courtesy of Mike Maguire & Martin Kiely 2. Soldier s Handbook- This handbook was the how-to manual for soldiers on the frontline. It would tell them how to maintain their equipment, how to wash their items, and how best to feed themselves. These handbooks also detailed the rules and regulations for a soldier, including the punishments for disregarding these rules. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan 3. Plate and Spoon- These were the tools that soldiers brought with them along the trenches to cope with everyday rituals. While the military s rations and food were sufficient for the men, some would often rely on whatever foodstuffs were sent from home. These items of food ranged from Oxo cubes to large portions of bacon. These tools and utensils were made of a strong and sturdy metal that would be suitable for trench life. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan & Margaret Graham 4. Gaiters- Officers wore gaiters while ordinary soldiers wore puttees, which were a type of cloth wrapped like bandages around their lower legs and shins. Men hated the puttees as they were very uncomfortable when wet, and the trenches were almost always in a soggy condition. Courtesy of the Stack family

46 Helmets of the Armies Helmets- German picklehaube helmet; German Infantry Helmet; Allied Infantry helmets; Allied medical corps helmet. Helmets were almost as valuable as guns when you were on the frontlines. With a large, sturdy helmet soldiers were much less likely to be killed by a stray bullet, or a piece of shrapnel. The infantry helmet was designed for this, as was the medical corps helmet. The red cross on the front of the helmet showed that it was for a non-combatant, and should not be targeted by direct fire. On the other hand, the German picklehaube offered little protection from shrapnel and bullets due to its leather exterior padding. Also, due to the distinctive spike on the helmet, it also made the wearer a target. It was quickly dropped by the Germans and they ended up choosing a similar style to the Allied infantry helmet. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan & Michael O Mara.

47 Trench Art Life in the trenches was quite boring and many soldiers had different hobbies to distract themselves. Some were quite artistic. These pieces of art were the result of men stranded far from home using random items and metals around them. These were usually shell casings that had been already used, and discarded. These shells would then be picked up and moulded into a piece of artwork. As seen here with these two pieces, soldiers would often put down their rifles and channel their artistic expression through making art from their empty ammunition shells. Courtesy of the Musgrave, Kirwan and Owens families.

48 Limerick s Wartime Naval and Airforce History 1. Mortar Shell- During the War, the British navy often sailed up the relatively peaceful west coast of Ireland and use this area for target practice. Naval warfare was vital during World War I because sea routes were the most common way to supply food and munitions to the frontlines. The British navy also created a blockade to disrupt German supply routes. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan 2. Morse Code Iambic Pedal- This device was used by the navy to communicate between ships via morse code. Morse code is a messaging system that is comprised of dashes and dots. Each group of dashes and dots correspond with a letter of the alphabet. This method was one of the most widely used communications systems during the war, particularly for ships that were hundreds of miles away from friendly shores. Courtesy of Garrett Ryan 3. Dazzle Camouflage- Dazzle camouflage was a type of ship camouflage used in World War I. It consisted of complex patterns of geometric shapes in contrasting colours, interrupting and intersecting each other. Instead of making the ship hidden, the camouflage was used to distort the enemy's readings of the ship's range, speed and heading. The enemy's firing accuracy would be completely thwarted, and be dependent on luck. Limerick native Thomas Gleeson died at the age of 46 on the Aquitania, one of the ships that used this type of camouflage. Courtesy of Canadian War Museum 4. Battleship photo- Ships such as this used to dock in Ireland frequently and often found themselves facing a new type of enemy: the U-Boat. The German U-boats were designed with the goal of being able to destroy larger vessels in open water. After Kaiser Wilhelm assented to the declaration of a war zone in the waters around the British Isles, security of these waters stepped up a gear. In total the U-Boats were responsible for the loss of more than 11 million tons of allied shipping. The Lusitania was one of the ships destroyed by the U-Boats. Courtesy of the Cronin family 5. Compass- This is a device that was used by the pilot of the Sopwith Camel planes in order to maintain a steady direction towards their destination. These were important items for both aircraft and ships because headings and trajectories were difficult to judge with the naked eye. This compass, which was the most modern of its time, was a key tool for the air force. The Royal Flying Corp and Royal Airforce were stationed in Limerick for a period before the Free State s air force came into action in Courtesy of Patrick Mulcahy

49 Women and the War 1. Nurse s Apron- Worn by Norrie Conheady, this blood-stained apron shows the contribution that many women made to the war effort. Many women volunteered to help nurse the wounds of men who had been injured on the battlefield. Conheady s was one of 6,000 women from the island of Ireland who were involved in the British Red Cross, St John's Ambulance and associated work during the war. Courtesy of the Holmes family 2. Certificate of Mention- Presented to Emily Helena Moroney, for gallant and distinguished services in the field, I have it in command from the King to record His Majesty's high appreciation of the services rendered. Signed by Winston Churchill, Secretary of State for War, this certificate showcased that everybody s contribution to the war effort was acknowledged and appreciated. Courtesy of Limerick Museum 3. Countess of Limerick s Shamrock League- May Burke-Irwin, Countess of Limerick, set up an association, known as the "Shamrock League," to help the wives and widows of Irish soldiers who were disabled or had died during the Boer war. The League made shamrock collections to sell, with proceeds going to these wives and widows. In March 1915, the work of the Shamrock League was directed towards helping the Red Cross. The women of the city and county of Limerick were asked to collect as much shamrock as possible, as it was felt that there would be an abnormal demand for civilian and military requirements. In 1920, the Countess was awarded the C.B.E., which was awarded to people who had served in non-combat capacities during World War I. Courtesy of Limerick Museum 4. Sweetheart Badge- These badges were mementoes for the women that the soldiers left behind. This was a tradition that started during World War I and continued in World War II. Each badge was based on a regiment. In this case, a Royal Munster Fusilier Badge was sent home. Courtesy of the Kirwan and Owens families. 5. Scrapbook- This book is a collection of pictures, photos and newspaper clippings of Norrie Conheady s time as a nurse during WWI. These photos provide a fascinating insight into the life of a Red Cross nurse. Courtesy of the Holmes family

50 The Homefront 1. Flowers From the Front- These flowers were sent by 19-year old Patrick Browne, originally from Carey s Road. These were sent home to Limerick while Patrick was stationed on the Western Front. A century later, these flowers are still in good condition, and a reminder of the innocence and beauty that the ordinary soldier came across, despite the bloodshed. Courtesy of John Browne 2. Widow s Penny- This was sent to the family of the dead soldier. These Death Plaques were commissioned by the British Government, who recognised the need to both honour the fallen and also show some gratitude to their next of kin. Inscribed along the top of the bronze plaque are the words he died for honour and freedom. Often a letter from the deceased s commanding officer would be attached. These plaques stood as a constant reminder to the families of the dead, always emphasising the true costs of the 'Great War'. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan, Michael O Mara, the O Neill family & Limerick Museum. 3. Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ Badge- This badge became popular due to a popular story that a soldier had been shot in the chest but survived because the bullet remained inexplicably embedded in the Sacred Heart of Jesus badge. The news of what had happened quickly spread through the ranks of the army. Many of the other soldiers also began to use the badge of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. This is where the expression Cease! The Heart of Jesus is with me!, embroidered on the badge, comes from. It was often sent home to wives and mothers by the soldiers on the front, to show that their religous faith kept them safe. Courtesy of Victor Brown, Craig Copley Brown & Deirdre Atli 4. I m Thinking of YOU Everyday - This was just one of a series of poems that were manufactured for soldiers wishing to send some kind of message or token home to their loved ones. Often, letters would not find their way back to their destination, and these cards were often used in their stead. While some men would have been too busy to send letters, at least they were letting their families know that they were indeed alright. Courtesy of John & Noreen Browne 5. Public Aircraft Warning- This flyer was circulated amongst the British public in order for them to recognize which airships and aeroplanes were friendly and which were hostile. WWI marked the first time that aerial bombardments came to the fore. The biggest strategic bombing campaign was the German bombing of Britain. However, weather conditions and lack of visibility made the bombing of strategic targets quite inaccurate, and as a result civilian casualties were high. 6. Temperance Card- This card was issued to people who were willing to abstain from drinking alcohol. In the context of war, abstinence raises a good question. Field Marshall Lord Roberts supported the central point of this question: Give me a teetotal army, Roberts said, and I will lead it anywhere. Military discipline, it was believed, would be aided by abstinence and, to an extent, the British Government acted on these premises in 1915 by banning the practice of buying drinks for soldiers and sailors. Courtesy of the Musgrave family, Glin & Ballybrown

51 Royal Munster Fusiliers 1. Officer s Cap and Private s side cap- Like any infantry regiment, the soldiers had various insignia to differentiate between ranks. One of the most obvious signifiers was the headgear of the men. During the first couple of years of the First World War, none of the soldiers were provided with steel helmets. Soldiers usually went into battle wearing cloth caps like these that offered no protection from modern weapons. It was not until a few years into the war that protective steel helmets were introduced. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan 2. Comrades of the Royal Munster Fusiliers Association badge- After the war, an association was set up in order to look after veterans of the Royal Munster Fusiliers. In its annual report, the association stated that it hoped all members who are in a position to do so will make an extra contribution annually to the Benevolent Fund which has been established to assist any deserving case of any Old Comrade or his widow who may be in financial distress. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan 3. Pins of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, Royal Munster Fusiliers, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers- These pins were worn on the uniforms of the soldiers that first landed at Gallipoli. These three regiments were to land on 'V Beach' and establish a bridgehead there, but the plan went badly wrong. The beach was heavily defended by Turkish troops, and as they opened fire, shells from their German-supplied pom-pom guns began to overwhelm the Irish regiments. More soldiers attempted to land in small boats, and eventually 200 troops got ashore, but at a terrible price the Irish troops sustained 90pc casualties in the attack. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan 4. Ammunition Bag- These satchels were vitally important for the soldiers. Ammunition bags had to be big enough to store a large amount of bullets, but small enough to carry with ease in the trenches. They struck a fine balance between manageability and capacity. Courtesy of Cáit Ni Cheallacháin

52 Life in the Trenches 1. Webley Mk. VI Revolver- This revolver was the standard sidearm for British soldiers during World War I, and was a very effective handgun. Noted for its stopping power and durability, the Webley was used in a number of wars. However, it is mostly associated with WWI. Courtesy of Limerick Museum 2. Pistol Holster- These holsters were key to the officer-class soldiers in the military because if their rifle was lost, their side-arm was always strapped to them. Holsters are generally designed to offer protection to the handgun, secure it in place, and make it readily accessible single-handedly. To be able to return the handgun to its holster one-handed, the holster must be made from stiff material that holds its shape so that the holster won't collapse when the object is no longer inside to give it support. This is why leather was used. More than a century later, this holster is still in good condition. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan 3. Trench Shovel- Apart from his rifle, a soldier s shovel was the second most important item in his inventory during World War 1. The shovel came in two parts for easier handling and storage, and was often relied upon to make the soldier s makeshift homes in the fields of France, Belgium and elsewhere. These tough shovels had to be able to break through all types of terrain, and had to be able to be used when trenches were deep in water, mud and sometimes snow. Courtesy of Denis Carroll 4. Certificate of Education- Presented to Patrick Ryan for his completion of arithmetic and other exams. Often, these courses added to the soldier s exisitng level of education. In this case, however, the third class certificate was given for basic arithmetic, composition of simple letters and writing from dictation. Essentially, these skills were the most necessary on the field of battle. Courtesy of Limerick Museum 5. Recruiting sign- This replica would have been what many Irishmen would have been faced by during the First World War. Recruitment in Ireland was key to the war effort, and an estimated quarter of a million Irish soldiers enlisted and fought for Britain. This poster was just one of dozens that were used to recruit Irish people. In this instance, it targeted Munster men to join the Royal Munster Fusiliers, and urged them not to leave their kinsmen to fight alone in the battlefields of Europe. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan

53 Technology 1. M1911- This pistol was first used in service by the US in World War I and has been in use by the US military since then. The British Royal Navy also had the M1911 as their standard issue firearm, as did the RAF until World War II. The fact that this handgun is still in use today is testament to the weapon s quality and durability. It was the most modern pistol of its time, with its large ammunition clip and strong rate of fire proving to be hugely reliable on the battlefield. Courtesy of Michael O Mara 2. Gas Masks- World War I marked the first time that poisonous gases were used on a large scale. Tear gas was used to knock enemy soldiers unconscious; chlorine gas was used to choke and kill enemy combatants; phosgene was used to slowly and gradually suffocate the enemy, while mustard gas was used to burn and debilitate targets. The use of gas was a vicious and crippling tactic. The German army were the pioneering force in the development and use of toxic gas, using all three fatal gases against the allies, most notably at the battle of Ypres. The design of gas masks evolved over time, as seen by the World War II model. Courtesy of Patrick Mulcahy 3. Lee Enfield Rifle- This rifle replaced the often criticised Ross Rifle. The Lee Enfield was much sturdier, rarely jammed, and was more versatile in various battlefield conditions. It was accurate, quite lightweight and particularly easy to handle. While some troops found that muzzle flash, heavy recoil and overheating hindered the rifle s wartime effectiveness, World War I saw the Enfield become the weapon of choice for the British army. In the stock of the rifle is a compartment designed to store oil, for maintenance purposes. However, in many cases, soldiers just used the compartment to store cigarettes. Courtesy of Patrick Mulcahy 4. Grenade- Used for clearing trenches, the Mk. 1 fragmentation grenade was adopted by the American army, and used to devastating effect during WWI. While the hand grenade was used prior to this war, Germany had adopted and adapted the explosive devise at the turn of the century. Frag grenades would be widely used in every war since WWI. The explosive charge was useful in clearing trenches of enemy combatants and pushing hostile forces into retreat. Courtesy of Parnell Plaza Entertainment Venue

54 Pre-World War I Weaponry 1. Boer War Machete and Bayonet- The Boer Wars was the name given to wars fought between the British and the descendants of the Dutch settlers, or Boers, in Aouth Africa in and These wars shook British prestige badly and caused a major re-evaluation of military tactics in the years prior World War I. New military tactics were pioneered in the Boer Wars, with single-shot rifles being mounted with bayonets, an innovation which changed close-quarters combat. While bayonets had been used for centuries before this, their design was greatly altered in the Boer Wars, resulting in the production of single blades, double sided blades, or even bayonets attached to handguns. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan 2. Cannonballs- Taken from the sieges of Limerick, these round shots would be used to devastating effect. In battles, cannon shot would often plough through large numbers of soldiers, causing multiple casualties. Unlike the fake gunpowder explosions representing roundshot in movies, real roundshot was more like a bouncing ball, which would not stop after first impact, but continued and ripped through everything in its path. The cannonball was eventually replaced by explosive ammunition such as shells and missiles. Courtesy of Limerick Museum 3. Pistols- These flintlock pistols would have been used as far back as the 1500s. Often found to be the preferred weapons of pirates, these pistols were strong, durable and effective. Courtesy of Limerick Museum

55 Pre-World War I Weaponry 1. Multi-barrel Flintock pistols- These types of weapons originated in France during the 1600s and continued in use for another two hundred years. Flintlock pistols were used as self-defence weapons and as a military arm. Their effective range was short, and they were frequently used alongside a sword or cutlass. They also took a long time to reload, about 20 seconds, and because of this, a great deal of effort was put into improving their design. As evidenced by this pistol, a six-shot design was developed, allowing the user to fire six times before reloading. They were eventually replaced by percussion-based weapons and then ammocartridge based weaponry in the late 1800s. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan Revolver- This pistol is a French-made.22 with a foldable trigger. This was a small and compact weapon, but its effectiveness was questionable. The.22 bullet is quite small, and the barrel of the gun is actually short. As a close-quarters weapon, it would have been effective, but killing any target more than a few feet away would have been difficult. This particular revolver would eventually find its way into the hands of the Anti-Treaty forces during the Irish civil war. Courtesy of Paddy Brosnahan 3. Gladius sword- This gladius sword is a 19th Century type and was first adopted by the French Army. It was later used by a number of other European armies. However, it was not popular in the British Army and was only used by a very small number of regiments. The sword is of smaller proportions than the standard type found in Europe at time. Courtesy of Parnell Plaza Entertainment Venue

56 Music and Rugby in Limerick 1. Flute- In Limerick, at the turn of the century, many either played rugby or played in a band. Marching bands were common all over the city, and they held many competitions, both county and provincial, every couple of years. This bass flute was used by a member of Limerick s St. Mary s Fife and Drum band. The band is one of the oldest in the country to have enjoyed a continuous existence since its establishment in Estimated to be a century old, the flute is in good condition and still has its original case. Courtesy of St. Mary s Prize Band 2. Royal Artillery Bugle- The bugle is used mainly in the military, where the bugle call is used to indicate the daily routines of camp. Bugles were used in the cavalry to relay instructions from officers to soldiers during battle. They were also employed to assemble officers and to give marching orders to the camps. Courtesy of Garrett Ryan 3. Sarsfield Band Drum- Limerick s Sarsfield band were another significant ensemble in the city s marching band culture. While they have now disbanded, the Sarsfield band was often victorious in various competitions which they entered, as evidenced by the list of places on the side of the drum itself. Courtesy of St. Mary s Prize Band 4. Rugby Ball- At the turn of the century, rugby was the most popular sport in the city. If a man was not a member of a band, he was likely to be a member of a rugby club. During WWI, all competitive rugby was halted at both senior and junior level, such was the impact of the war. This ball would have been made just after the war itself and is markedly different to what would now be regarded as a modern rugby ball. Courtesy of Parnell Plaza Entertainment 5. Young Munster Cap- This cap, made more than a decade after the war, was symbolic of how important the game of rugby was. These embroidered caps, designed with much care and attention to detail, were worn by the stalwarts of their respective clubs. With its black velvet and golden braids, this cap is beautifully made, and shows the high regard in which rugby was held in Limerick. Courtesy of Limerick Museum

57 T P O Brien served with the Royal Munster Fusiliers during World War One and was captured by the Germans. He was held in Limburg prisoner-of-war camp and released at the end of the war Courtesy of A O Brien Timothy J Kennedy from Pallaskenry fought in the Second Boer War. He served in the Johannesburg Police Force as a head constable. Courtesy of Anne McCarthy Limerick woman Norrie Conheady worked with the ambulance service in England during the First World War. Courtesy Christina Holmes Private R McEvoy served in the 1st Battalion of the Royal Munster Fusiliers Courtesy of Clement Brosnhan Michael Quin, Caherconlish, served in the Royal Munster Fusiliers during the First World War Courtesy of Elizabeth Hanrahan. image file Limerick men continued to serve in the British armed forces after independence. George King, originally from Quin s Cottages, served with the Desert Rats fighting Rommel in the Second World War. damaged Courtesy of Conor Sheehan Seaman s will of Thomas Davis aged 21 from Coonagh was killed when HMS Goliath was torpedoed off Gallipoli on 13 May George Shier, of the South Irish Horse was killed while carrying a wounded comrade under heavy shellfire,at Cambrai, November 30, He was a son of Esther M. Shier, of Prospect House, Barrigone, Co. Limerick, and the late Joseph Shier. Courtesy Patricia Haselbeck Flynn Courtesy of Helen Davis Extract from a letter to Limerick man Thomas McMahon, an officer in the British Army, from an unidentified friend stationed in South Africa, 25 July Courtesy of Gerard Kiely Three members of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Munster Fusiliers in India. At back (standing) John Greaney (left) John Grimes (right). Front (seated) John Coonerty Courtesy of Jack McGrath Frederick Hoare, from Lord Edward Street, served on the Western Front during the First World War. He sent his six-year old son a French postcard depicting a child praying in front of a photo of Marshal Pétain. Courtesy of Ian Crowe John Quigley from Cappamore, who served with the Royal Munster Fusiliers during the First World War. Courtesy of Jack McGrath

58 No image Patrick Browne aged 20 from 9 Carey s Road, Limerick served with the Royal Irish Rifles, and was killed in action on 25 October Courtesy of John Browne James Hynes of 3 St Patricks Villas, who served with the Irish Guards in the war Patrick McMahon saw service in the First World War with the Royal Irish Horse and the Royal Irish Regiment Courtesy of??? Courtesy of Maire Hanley Fr James Stack, from Drumcollogher, was a Redemptorist priest who served as chaplain to various regiments in the First World War, often under heavy enemy fire. He survived the war, but his health was badly affected by the unhealthy conditions in the trenches. Courtesy of Martin Stack Brothers Thomas, Patrick and Michael Duffy from St Michael s Parish all served in the First World War. Thomas was killed in Gallipoli on 24 April 1915 but the other two survived. Michael spent his retirement in the Royal Hospital Chelsea (pictured on right). Courtesy of Marian Duffy Reeves Sergeant Daniel McCormack from 9 Coffey s Range, Edward Street, served with the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Munster Fusiliers. He was one of 139 men from the regiment, including 30 from Limerick, killed at the Battle of Aubers Ridge on 9 May Courtesy of Mary Kenehan and Michael McCormack Frank O Reilly was born in Old Clare Street and enlisted in the army in He was gassed at the Battle of the Somme, which affected his health in later life, though he lived until Courtesy of Mary O Shea Michael Browne fought in the First World War Courtesy Michael Brown Sergeant Daniel McCormack from 9 Coffey s Range, Edward Street, served with the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Munster Fusiliers. He was one of 139 men from the regiment, including 30 from Limerick, killed at the Battle of Aubers Ridge on 9 May Courtesy of Mary Kenehan and Michael McCormack

59 Frank O Reilly was born in Old Clare Street and enlisted in the army in He was gassed at the Battle of the Somme, which affected his health in later life, though he lived until Courtesy of Mary O Shea Michael Sieve was one of Limerick s Jewish community who served in the British Army with the ambulance corps throughout the war. Afterwards, he settled in Liverpool where he found it hard to get work, due to shell shock. Courtesy of the Sieve family and the Guardian Patrick Eaton was born at Brennan's Row in He saw action in some of the main theatres of the Western Front campaign including the Somme. Like many veterans he was loath to ever speak about it, but there is no doubt that his life was very seriously affected by what he had gone through in the war. He died at the young age of 58 in Courtesy of Mike Maguire Dr Patrick Lane ( ) From Quinpool, Parteen, County Clare, Patrick Lane served with the Royal Army Medical Corps where he treated injured soldiers and led parties of stretcher bearers under heavy fire. He was awarded the Military Cross and mentioned in dispatches by Sir Douglas Haig. Courtesy of the Lane family Private Patrick Downey of 1 Kelly s Range, Vizes Field, Limerick, served with the 6th Battalion, Leinster Regiment. At the age of 19, he was executed for insubordination on the Serbian Front on 27 December 1915 because he refused to put on his cap. Courtesy: Noisette, Wikipedia Commons John Connery of St Michael s Parish, Limerick, served with the 1st Battalion of the Leinster Regiment from 1892 to 1904 Courtesy of Patrick Murray Michael Fitzgerald, 2 Lelia Place ( second from the left) was a gunner with the British Army. He is pictured with two other prisoners of war wearing a very formal prisoner of war uniform. He survived the war and died with a burst appendix. Courtesy of Salvador Slattery Corporal Thomas Fitzgerald fought with the 1st Battalion of the Royal Munster Fusiliers on the Western front Courtesy of the Royal Munster Fusiliers Association

60 Dr Patrick Lane ( ) From Quinpool, Parteen, County Clare, Patrick Lane served with the Royal Army Medical Corps where he treated injured soldiers and led parties of stretcher bearers under heavy fire. He was awarded the Military Cross and mentioned in dispatches by Sir Douglas Haig. Courtesy of the Lane family