Introduction to NXT/EV3 Robotics

Transcription

1 Intrductin t NXT/EV3 Rbtics STOMP Curriculum September 2014

2 Ntes Descriptin This unit serves as an intrductin t NXT/EV3 Rbtics with pprtunities fr the students t bth build and prgram. It is a unit f 9 lessns, each abut 60 minutes lng. It is designed fr grades 4-6 but can be adapted fr different students r a different time frame. The purpse f this unit is t braden students understanding f the applicatins f rbtics. It is meant t prvide examples f creative NXT/EV3 activities t intrduce the basics f rbtics in an accessible, fun way. T teach this unit, yu will need NXT/EV3 rbtics kits (abut 1 fr every 2 students) and cmputers r laptps with the crrect Mindstrms sftware (abut 1 fr every 2 students). In the curriculum belw these materials are simply referred t as NXT Rbtics materials. In Practice Befre ging int the classrm, thrughly familiarize yurself with the LEGO NXT/EV3 and Mindstrms technlgy. Resurces are available thrugh the STOMP website and the Center fr Engineering Educatin and Outreach. Build and prgram yurself! Be sure yu have dne all f the activities befre ging int the classrm. It will help yu t predict what will be challenging fr the students. This curriculum will NOT teach YOU hw t use the technlgy it assumes yu have thse skills already. This unit cvers a lt f material, s think carefully abut what yu want yur students t spend time n. Fr example, if a student is struggling t figure ut hw t cnnect tw beams, yu may shw him/her hw t insert tw pegs t make a sturdy cnnectin. On the ther hand, if a student is struggling with the design, d nt give him/her yur design idea. Instead, treat this as a valuable learning mment and ask guiding questins t lead him/her t a feasible cnclusin. A gd strategy is t rephrase the students ideas, like I think yu are trying t is that right? Questins fr STOMPers t Think Abut Yu may want t cnsider the fllwing questins ver the curse f the semester: What d yu want t see yur students ding in this unit? What d yu hpe yur students will learn? Hw will yu measure yur students prgressin? Hw can yu make the activities relevant t the real wrld? What interpersnal skills d yu want them t practice? Questins fr Students t Think Abut What d engineers d? Are yu an engineer? Hw d engineers behave and wrk tgether? Hw d engineers feel abut failure? What makes a rbt a rbt? What is prgramming? What d sensrs d?

3 Lessn 1: Intrductin t STOMP Wheelchair Design Table f Cntents Lessn 2: Building with LEGO Wheelchair Testing & Redesign Lessn 3: What is a rbt? Fan- tastic Lessn 4: Intrductin t Prgramming Guided Prgramming Practice Lessn 5: Prgramming with the Tuch Sensr Fan- tastic (Part II) Lessn 6: Prgramming with the Ultrasnic Sensr Welcme Bts Lessn 7: Final Prject Begin NXT Carnival Lessn 8: Final Prject Cntinue NXT Carnival Lessn 9: Final Prject Finish NXT Carnival References Image Bibligraphy

4 Lessn 1: Wheelchair Design Overview: This lessn intrduces the students t engineering, the engineering design prcess and rbtics. Then, the students use the LEGO NXT kits t build a wheelchair. Learning Gals: 1. Students will identify examples f rbtics in their daily lives. 2. Students will practice the planning stage f the engineering design prcess. 3. Students will familiarize themselves with the pieces frm the LEGO NXT kits LEGO NXT kits (1 fr every 2-3 students) (Students use nly the tp range bin) Stuffed bears (fund in supply clset, 1 bear per grup) 1. Intrductin (15 minutes) Intrduce yurselves, and ask the class sme questins t get started. Eg: What d engineers d? Befre giving the students their first prject r the NXT kits, establish a set f grund rules r classrm nrms (see References). Describe the engineering design prcess (EDP). It is helpful t use the whitebard r a pster s that yu can refer back t it thrughut the day. Emphasize that engineers NEVER get things right the first time, they have t try again! All engineers fail. 2. Main Activity (40 minutes) Have the students brainstrm criteria. What makes a gd wheelchair? Take ntes n the bard. Their challenge is t design a nn- mtrized wheelchair that meets their design criteria. Divide the students up in t grups and distribute the LEGO NXT kits. Have the students begin t build their wheelchair. 3. Wrap- Up (5 minutes) Clean up! Label the students prjects/nxt kits and cllect the wheelchair assignment sheets t redistribute next week. Mdificatins: Review the EDP. Ask the class which steps they will be ding next week (building and testing. Make sure that yu take nte f the design criteria s that yu can write them up n the bard next class. Silly Walks is als a great intrductry activity t building with the NXT/EV3.

5 Lessn 2: Wheelchair Testing & Redesign Overview: Students will cntinue the wheelchair prject frm last week. Learning Gals: 1. Students will practice building with the pieces frm the LEGO NXT kits. 2. Students will practice testing and redesigning their LEGO wheelchairs. LEGO NXT kits (1 per 2-3 students) the wheelchair assignment sheets frm last week stuffed bears Figure 1. LEGO wheelchair 1. Warm- Up (5 minutes) Have the students recap last class by asking them t think abut the EDP. What steps did the students d last week? What steps will they be fcusing n this week? Building, testing, and redesign. Review the imprtant LEGO NXT pieces. If yu nticed yur students struggled with ne aspect f building last week, give them tips t vercme that. 2. Main Activity (45 minutes) Redistribute the assignment sheets and NXT kits. Give the students sme time t finish their wheelchairs. Depending n the class s excitement abut the wheelchair prject, yu may want t test in the first half f the wrk perid and allw them t redesign. Have each grup f students explain their design in frnt f the class. Then have the students test the chair based n the criteria they came up with. Example: T test fr cmfrt, the bear must fit nicely in the chair. T test fr strength, the chair must be pushed arund withut breaking. The students may be embarrassed if their chair cllapses, but befre they pick up their pieces and run back t their seats, be sure that they bserve what parts brke and what parts did nt. 3. Wrap- Up (10 minutes) As a class, discuss sme cmmnalities amng the strng and weak parts f the wheelchairs. Ask what was difficult, what was fun and what they wuld d differently if they culd d the prject again. What did they learn abut building? What did they learn abut engineering fr a client?

6 Lessn 3: Fan- tastic (Part I) Overview: The students will braden their cnceptin f a rbt. They will becme familiar with the brick and mtrs by building an NXT fan. Learning Gals: 1. Students will practice building NXT rbtics with the brick and mtrs. 2. Students will be able t explain what a rbt is and give examples. LEGO NXT kits (1 per 2-3 students) Figure 2. NXT Fan 1. Intrductin (10 minutes) Lead a discussin abut rbts. Ask the students what they think a rbt is. Ask them fr sme examples. Perhaps prepare vides, pictures r real live examples fr the students t see. Be sure yu explain that there are tw different sides t rbtics: building and prgramming. Then tell the kids that they will build their wn rbt during class tday. Explain that the brick is the brain f the rbt, it tells the mtr what t d. Then demnstrate hw t add pieces t the mtr (the range part) t make them mve. 2. Main Activity (30 minutes) Explain that the students are t build an NXT fan. Shw the students hw t d simple prgramming n the brick. (N cmputers) 3. Wrap- Up (20 minutes) Briefly discuss prgramming. Make sure the students understand that prgramming is giving instructins t rbts. Ask the students if they can think f any examples f prgramming in their lives. If time allws, d an abbreviated versin f the Human Rbt activity (see References). Otherwise, d it at the beginning f next class.

7 Lessn 4: Guided Prgramming Practice Overview: This lessn will help students cnceptualize prgramming with sensrs. Then they will begin guided prgramming. Learning Gals: 1. Students will be able t describe prgramming and where it is useful in their lives. 2. Students will practice giving detailed instructins t a persn/rbt. 3. Students will becme familiar with the Mindstrms prgramming interface. NXT rbtics materials prjectr r paper prgramming 1-3 rbts fr prgramming demnstratin 1. Intrductin (10-20 minutes) Review the cncept f prgramming. Figure 3. Wait fr D Human Rbt if nt dne last class. Tuch NXT Blck 2. Main Activity (40-45 minutes) Intrduce sensrs by discussing hw humans have senses. Have the students think abut hw they receive infrmatin, and hw they respnd. Fr example, if yu hear a lud nise, yu may cver yur ears. Cmpare human senses t the NXT sensrs. Rbts dn t knw what t d when they hear a lud nise, yu must tell them. T help the students better understand sensrs, have them d a Human Rbt activity in pairs r as a class (see References). Intrduce Mindstrms. Shw the kids the relevant blcks (mve blcks and wait fr ). Prgram as a class (see References). Distribute cmputers and have the students pen up their wn Mindstrms prgram. Lead guided practice exercises. Fr example, write anther prgram as a class and have the students fllw alng, recreating the prgram n their cmputers. Be sure that the pairs f students are taking turns placing each blck. Chse 1-3 grups t dwnlad their prgram t the demnstratin rbt. 3. Wrap- Up (5 minutes) Tell the students that next class they will be prgramming their fans frm the previus week. Ask them t think abut what they might want it t d.

8 Lessn 5: Fan- tastic (Part II) Overview: After a review f prgramming with sensrs, the students will prgram their wn fan t change speed each time the tuch sensr is pressed. Learning Gals: 1. Students will understand that sensrs allw the rbt t understand the utside wrld. 2. Students will practice prgramming with the tuch sensr. 3. Students will practice the create, test and redesign steps f the EDP NXT rbtics materials prjectr r paper prgramming bricks 1. Intrductin (10 minutes) Use the first 10 minutes f class t review any material that was challenging fr the students. Ask them what they learned last week. 2. Main Activity (45 minutes) The students will nw prgram their fan t run n three different speeds. Figure 4. NXT Fan Each time the tuch sensr is pressed, it shuld change speed. The students may have truble prgramming as this is their first time. Encurage them t dwnlad and test their cde ften. Make sure t intrduce the idea f systematic debugging (may be best dne in small grups, r with ne pair.) 3. Wrap- Up (<5 minutes) Ask the class what was challenging fr them. Hw did they deal with thse challenges?

9 Lessn 6: Welcme Bts Overview: Students will make Welcming Bts (r if it is Hallween time, Trick- r- treat Bts ) that d smething friendly (r spky) when smene walks int the classrm. Learning Gals: 1. Students will practice prgramming with the ultrasnic sensr. 2. Students will practice building. NXT rbtics materials prjectr r paper prgramming bricks spky Hallween decratins, r ther craft materials fr the rbts (ptinal) tennis ball (ptinal) 1. Intrductin (10 minutes) Shw the students hw the ultrasnic sensr wrks either with a vide (see References) r with a tennis ball demnstratin. 2. Main Activity (45 minutes) Give the students their challenge. Right nw, n ne wuld knw that the classrm is full f engineers! The students jb is t create a welcming cmmittee f rbts that welcmes peple int their classrm. (The rbts will prbably use the ultrasnic sensr t see smene cming, then say smething, display smething r mve an arm t wave hell!) 3. Wrap- Up (< 5 minutes) Ask the students if they have any questins abut prgramming/rbtics. Tell them that they are ready t begin the final prject! Mdificatins: Fr grups that want t get mre creative, bring decratin supplies If any grups finish early, encurage them t build mre features nt their rbt. Fr very advanced grups this culd be a gd chance t shw hw yu can cnnect the ultrasnic sensr t the play tne blck t make the tne get higher as the distance gets shrter.

10 Lessn 7: NXT Carnival (Part I) Overview: The students will begin their final prject which is t build a musical instrument, amusement park ride r attractin fr the NXT carnival. Learning Gals: 1. Students will practice brainstrming and planning prjects. 2. Students will evaluate what is feasible with NXT rbtics and what is nt. 3. Students will practice wrking and cperating in grups and teams. NXT rbtics materials prject plan wrksheets (1 per 2-3 students) craft materials and fund materials Figure 5. NXT Merry- G- Rund 1. Intrductin (5 minutes) Lk at sme examples (pictures, vides, real examples) f carnival rides, mving attractins, carnival games, r musical instruments t inspire the students. 2. Main Activity (55 minutes) Explain that their final assignment is t create an amusement park ride, game r musical instrument fr the NXT carnival. Each prject must use at least ne sensr and at least ne mtr. Brainstrm as a class. This assignment is much mre pen- ended than the previus prjects s it is helpful t prepare sme example ideas t give the class an idea f what yu re lking fr. Examples: Merry- G- Rund, mini- pian, ball thrwer, etc. Split the students up int grups and pass ut the design prpsal wrksheets fr the final prject (see References). Be sure that each grup clearly explains their plan t yu befre giving them their NXT kit/cmputers. It is crucial that their plan is feasible and within their capabilities. If their plan is nt, wrk with the grup t decide n a prject that is! Give the students time t wrk. 3. Wrap- Up Cllect their prject prpsal sheets t return t them next class. Make sure that students have requested any materials they will need next week. Save the students Mindstrms prgrams (see References).

11 Lessn 8: NXT Carnival (Part II) Overview: Students cntinue their final prjects. Learning Gals: 1. Students will practice cllabrating with their grup members. 2. Students will reinfrce the prgramming and building skills they have learned thus far. Cmputers with Mindstrms (1 per 2-3 students) LEGO NXT kits (1 per 2-3 students) cmpleted prject plan wrksheets frm last class fund materials and craft materials any materials the students requested n their prject prpsal sheets. 1. Intrductin (15 minutes) Have the students sit in a circle with their prjects. Give each grup the pprtunity t briefly share hw their prject is ging. Students shuld especially share if they are having a particular difficulty. Encurage ther grups t give BOTH psitive cmments and helpful suggestins. Sme classes d well with mre guidance: fr example, after a grup shares their prject ask fr ne psitive cmment and ne thing the grup culd imprve. 2. Main Activity (40 minutes) Give the students time t wrk n their final prject. 3. Wrap- Up (<5 minutes) As the students are cleaning up, make sure that everyne s prgram is saved t the STOMP Drpbx. Figure 6. NXT Guitar

12 Lessn 9: Final Prject (Part III) Overview: The class will finish their prjects and put them tgether t create an NXT carnival! Learning Gals: 1. Students will practice cmmunicating their ideas t their classmates. LEGO NXT kits (1 per 2-3 students) cmputers with LEGO Mindstrms (if the students need mre time t prgram) cmpleted prject plan wrksheets frm last class craft materials and fund materials any requested materials 1. Intrductin (30 minutes) Give the students the first prtin f class t finalize their rbts. 2. Main Activity (20 minutes) Have each grup set up a stall at the carnival. Allw ne persn frm each grup (Persn A) t circulate and visit the carnival while the ther member f the grup (Persn B) stays by their prject t explain it t the ther peple that cme by. After abut 8 minutes, have the students switch rles. Persn A nw explains his/her grup s prject t visitrs while Persn B wanders arund t see his/her classmates prjects. Give the students sme guidance abut hw they shuld talk t their classmates abut their prjects. Encurage them t ask questins such as: Hw did yu cme up with this idea? Hw did yu prgram yur rbt? Remind the students t stay psitive with their classmates. 3. Wrap- Up (10 minutes) The wrap up fr yur final class is up t yu. Yu may lead a clsing discussin in which yu ask the students t think abut sme f the unit questins (See Ntes). Yu may als have the student d a free write in which they must write (r draw) cntinuusly fr 5 minutes in respnse t a questin yu put n the bard. Thank the students fr their hard wrk ver the curse f the semester!

13 References Setting classrm nrms Setting classrm rules may seem unnecessary, but it will help greatly thrughut the rest f the semester! Take the extra 5 minutes at the beginning f the unit. It will make it easier fr yu t crrect bad behavir in later classes by referring back t the rules/nrms. One simple and effective way t create nrms is by asking kids t cmplete the sentence Gd engineers Be sure that they answer psitively. Fr example, Gd engineers give psitive feedback t their partners. instead f Gd engineers dn t criticize each ther. Human Rbt Human Rbt is a fun way t intrduce students t the cncept f prgramming. There are a variety f ways t lead the activity. Here are tw examples: 1. As a class: One f the STOMPers pretends t be a rbt. The ther STOMPer shuld help the students prgram him/her t cmplete a task in the classrm. The task can be anything frm putting n scks and shes (prps required) t picking up an item and thrwing it in the trash can. *Be sure that the students give specific in a way that is cmparable t Mindstrms (e.g. have the students specify which leg- - right r left- - the stmper shuld lift, just like the students have t specify the prt f the mtr that they want t mve). 2. In pairs: This activity is great fr transitining the students frm thinking abut prgramming cnceptually t actually using the NXT Mindstrms technlgy. It is especially helpful t teach students abut using sensrs. As a class, write a simple prgram n Mindstrms. Then, put students int pairs. One student is the rbt and the ther ne will interact with it t activate its sensr (i.e. pke their partner s arm because it is the tuch sensr). Prgramming as a Class Prgramming as a class is a great way t intrduce the prgramming technlgy. Like Human Rbt, this activity can be altered depending n yur classrm and teaching style. Using a prjectr r paper prgramming blcks, demnstrate t the class hw t write a Mindstrms prgram. It is imprtant that yu keep the class engaged by asking the class fr advice and suggestins alng the way. It s imprtant t ask a wide variety f students, nt just thse that raise their hands. After writing the prgram, dwnlad and test the prgram n a pre- made rbt. The kids get excited when they see their

14 prgram in actin! If there are any bugs, systematically debug as a class. Debugging can be ne f the mst valuable parts f prgramming as a class. Ultrasnic Sensr Demnstratin Stand abut 4 feet frm a wall and bunce the tennis ball against the wall. Ask the students t predict. Will the ball take mre r less time t return t me if I back up? Shw that it takes mre time. Mve clser t the wall and demnstrate the ppsite. Explain that the ultrasnic sensr sends ut waves (instead f a ball) and measures the time it takes t cme back. This demnstratin is helpful as students ften cnfuse the ultrasnic sensr fr a camera. Vide: Click next in the upper righthand crner t g t the page with the vide. iew/cntent/reference/helpers/ultrasnic.htm Saving Student Wrk frm Week t Week T save students prgrams n Mindstrms frm week t week, save them t the STOMP Drpbx. It s n all the CEEO laptps r can be accessed thrugh the internet. Please save yur students wrk neatly in a flder labeled with yu teacher s name and yur schl. If, fr whatever reasn, yu cannt use the STOMP Drpbx, save the students wrk t the cmputer desktp under their names. Then make a written recrd f which students were using which cmputers. D nt label the cmputers as tape can leave adhesive marks and pst- it ntes fall ff. Bring the same cmputers back t the next class.

15 Names: Design Wrksheet fr NXT Carnival Fr yur final prject, yu will need t design and build a miniature ride, a musical instrument r a game fr ur NXT Carnival! Yu may use any parts frm yur LEGO NXT kit and ther STOMP materials. It has t use at least ONE sensr and at least ONE mtr. Briefly describe yur carnival attractin. Which sensr will yu use? What will happen when the sensr is activated? Please request any additinal materials yu will need fr yur prject. On the back f this page, draw a picture f yur NXT carnival attractin. Label the brick, the sensr(s) and the mtrs n yur drawing. STOMPer Apprval:

16 Image Bibligraphy Figure 2. NXT Fan cntent/uplads/2013/06/210cadnxtfan.jpg Figure 3. Wait fr Tuch NXT Blck Figure 4. NXT Fan t- Rbtics.pdf Figure 5. NXT Merry- G- Rund cntent/uplads/2013/06/e.jpg Figure 6. NXT Guitar