KG Training and Assessing. IMPORTANT! You must read this letter!

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1 IMPORTANT! You must read this letter! ABN: National Provider Number (RTO ID): Location: Unit 1/8 Day Road, Rockingham WA 6168 Postal Address: PO Box 2111Rockingham DC WA 6967 Ph: Fax: Office Accounts Web: Thank you for booking into the Work safely at heights (RIIWHS204D) course. It is important that you read and study the Learner Guide before you attend the course. The Learner Guide you have been provided with contains everything you need to know to successfully complete the assessments during the course. It is particularly important that you study and remember the points in bold type. While reading and studying the Learner Guide is mandatory, the amount of time required to study will differ from one person to another. It is important that you allow adequate time to digest the content of the Learner Guide. When you attend the course you will be formally enrolled and required to sign a declaration that you have studied the Learner Guide. Please Note: To pass the written assessments you need to allow adequate time to read and digest the contents of the Learner Guide before you attend the course. We recommend covering the information several times until you feel confident. When you attend the course, there will be a Question and Answer Session to allow you to ask the Trainer things that you are not sure about. To make the most of this time, make notes on what you would like to know more about. After the Question / Answer Session, you will be required to complete the written assessment which is open book; this means you will be able to refer to Learner Guide during the assessment. The written assessments will be followed by practical (hands on) training. If you feel the course date you are booked into does not allow you enough time to study the Learner Guide before you attend, we are happy to work with you. Please contact us as soon as possible to reschedule your course to a later date. If you don t attend without rescheduling, you will forfeit the course fee. Thank you again for your booking, we look forward to seeing you on your scheduled training day. Should you have any questions, please give us a call we re here to help. KG Training and Assessing

2 Learner Guide Work Safely at Heights RIIWHS204D

3 IMPORTANT PLEASE READ CAREFULLY This handbook is intended to be a guide to safer work practices in the use of industrial equipment. The intention of this handbook is that it forms part of a formal training course. There is infinitely more to safe use of industrial equipment than is contained within this handbook, and all manufacturers instructions shall be adhered to. Information contained within, is in the main, based on Australian Standards and is only part of these standards. A full inventory of Australian Standards can be obtained from Standards Australia. While every endeavour has been made to check that information contained within is true and correct, KG Training & Assessing as far as is permissible by law shall have no liability whatsoever for any loss, claim or damage arising as a result of information contained in or omitted from this book. All use of industrial equipment should be carried out in a safe efficient manner having regard for standards and law in place where you are operating at the time. UNIT DESCRIPTOR This unit covers working safely at height in resources and infrastructure industries. It includes: identifying the work requirements, work procedures and instructions for the task, accessing and installing the equipment, performing work at heights and cleaning up the work area. LEARNING OUTCOMES Understand general legislative requirements Understand general guidance information Codes of Practice Implementation of required standards Be able to use the process for controlling the risk of working at height Understand the requirements with regard to EWP and Scaffold use DUTY OF CARE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) ACT 1984 (WA) MINES SAFETY AND INSPECTION ACT 1994 (WA) EMPLOYERS OSH ACT-SECTION 19 MINES ACT-SECTION 9 Employers must, so far as practicable, provide and maintain a working environment where their employees are not exposed to hazards. General duties include Safe systems of work Information, instruction, training and supervision Consulting and cooperating Personal Protection Safe plant and substances Reporting of fatalities, injuries and disease v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 1 / 24

4 PENALTIES OSH ACT SECTION 19A REFERS TO SECTION 3A MINES ACT SECTION 9A REFERS TO SECTION 4A Corporate penalties range from $ to $ EMPLOYEES OSH ACT-SECTION 20 MINES ACT-SECTION 10 Employees must take reasonable care for their own safety and health at work and avoid harming the safety and health of other people through any act or omission at work. General Duties Include: Follow the employer s safety and health instructions Using personal protective equipment Taking good care of equipment Reporting hazards Reporting work related injuries or harm to health Cooperating with employers so that employers are able to carry out their duties under the Act. PENALTIES OSH ACT SECTION 20A MINES ACT SECTION 10A Penalties - (a) First offense: $ (b) Subsequent offense: $ Additional penalties - OSH ACT SECTION 3A MINES ACT SECTION 4A For individuals, penalties range from $5 000 to $ HARMONISATION OF WORK HEALTH & SAFETY LEGISLATION In response to industry calls for greater national consistency, the Commonwealth, states and territories have agreed to implement nationally harmonised Work Health & Safety (WHS) legislation to commence on 1 January 2012 (WA still to join). OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS (OSH REGS) REG Prevention of falls at work places MINE SAFTEY AND INSPECTION REGULATIONS (MINES REGS) REG Fall arrest equipment FALL INJURY PREVENTION SYSTEM Both OSH Regs and Mine Regs require the employer to provide a fall injury prevention system. v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 2 / 24

5 AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS AS/NZS 1891: Industrial fall-arrest systems and devices AS / NZS 5532: single-point devices used for harness-based work at height. DOCUMENTS THAT COVER SAFE WORKING AT HEIGHT (SWH) At all times when working at height, you must comply with: AS / NZS 1891 AS / NZS 5532 OSH Regs Mines Regs Manufacturers instructions Codes of practice Work Instructions Safe Work Method Statements Site Policies/Procedures WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF SAFE Do we all have the same definition of SAFE? How in the workplace do we define SAFE? PLANNING THE TASK People think that just because they are wearing fall arrest equipment, attached to an anchor point, that that they are safe, this is not true. Your harness can kill you, without sufficient planning. Planning the task is vitally important when working at height. This involves workers doing the task, including supervisors through to managers. The appropriate fall arrest equipment must be selected at/during the planning stage. v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 3 / 24

6 The area where the work/task is to be carried out must be checked out by those persons involved in the task, including the supervisor. A risk assessment must be completed by those involved in the task; a rescue plan must be part of risk assessment. A working at height permit is also required and the rescue plan is also part of the working at height permit. A person working at height must never work alone. HARNESS SAVES WORKMAN IN FALL 25/5/2004 maintenance work, Westgate Bridge Melbourne The platform had no hand rails. The contractor decided that no hand rails were necessary as the workers were trained riggers. WORKSAFE W.A. FATALITY STATISTICS IN WA: to v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 4 / 24

7 FALL ARREST AND SUSPENSION TRAUMA Can kill in as little time as 3-5 minutes Must be able to perform a rescue or give foot support as soon possible Suspension trauma is caused by low blood pressure due to blood pooling in the legs Is also accelerated by pressure restrictions from the harness groin straps Need to keep the legs moving to keep up the blood flow FALL ARREST SCENARIO If the person weighs 100kgs The lanyard length is 2m plus the shock absorber The person falls the full length of the lanyard The body will receive a shock load of 600kgs, as the use of a shock absorber reduces the imposed shock load on the body to 600kgs If there is no shock absorber in the fall arrest equipment, the imposed shock load on the body is 2340kgs All lanyards must be fitted with a shock absorber as per AS/NZS1891 Once the fall arrest equipment has arrested a fall, all the equipment must be tagged out of service and destroyed or returned to the supplier or manufacturer who will destroy the equipment. Fall arrest equipment is a one fall application only. v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 5 / 24

8 SUSPENSION TRAUMA Prompt rescue is one of the best ways to ensure that suspension trauma is minimized for a worker. However, due to the variety of work locations that can be found at height, it is important to have a way to reduce the potential damage of suspension trauma outside of having a prompt rescue plan. Since there are a number of different situations that can cause the symptoms of suspension trauma to occur, the use of trauma suspension straps could significantly reduce the risk associated with suspension trauma TRAUMA SUSPENSION STRAPS v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 6 / 24

9 VITAL STEPS TO REDUCE FALL ARREST AND SUSPENSION TRAUMA Prior to use: Check fit of the harness Follow the standards, guidelines and instructions Develop an appropriate rescue plan Test rescue plan RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL A risk assessment must be completed to determine the safest work practice, before starting work HIERARCHY OF CONTROL 1. Elimination 2. Substitution 3. Isolation 4. Engineering control measures 5. Administrative practises 6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Using the hierarchy of controls when conducting a risk assessment reduces the risk of hazards. RISK ASSESSMENT Risk of falling must be managed by an appropriate risk assessment and control system Persons must be adequately trained to work at any height where a fall could occur The risk assessment must be used at all times to determine the safest work practice for working at height Risk assessments must be used to identify the proposed fall protection equipment required for the task. Risk assessments must be completed by the persons involved in the task. The risk assessment shall be reviewed and revised whenever there is evidence to indicate that there is a change in the risk. NOTE: Working at less than 2 metres is still considered to be working at height as the fall hazard still exists. v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 7 / 24

10 INSPECTION FREQUENCIES AS/NZS :2009, Section 9 Under the Australian and New Zealand standard, AS/NZS 1891, 4, Care, Use and Maintenance of Fall Protection Equipment, the frequency of inspection guidelines are as follows: v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 8 / 24

11 HARNESS AND LANYARD INSPECTIONS Harnesses and lanyards must be inspected: Before and after every use by the user Every 6 months by a competent person as per AS1891 Site policy and procedures, every 3 months by a competent person and quarterly tagged Check Manufacturers Tag on Harness and Lanyard for: Australian Standards 1891 (do not confuse with Quality accreditation) Date of manufacture Date of withdrawal Manufacturer serial number Manufactures instructions Inspecting harness and lanyard: D- Rings Karabiners and hooks Webbing Buckles and adjusters Stitching Stitch blocks Quarterly site inspection tag is in place and in date HARNESS FITTING Harnesses com in various sizes (e.g. S, M, L, XL), your harness must be the correct size for you and must be adjusted correctly. Adjusting your harness involves: Checking chest/shoulder adjustment points Checking leg adjustment points Harnesses will inherently work loose on adjustment points, stop work and re-adjust when necessary When fitting your harness you must comply with the manufacturers instructions and specifications. v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 9 / 24

12 HARNESSES AND LANYARDS TYPES OF HARNESS Basic fall arrest harness Work positioning harness Confined space harness Work positioning harness fitted with: Dorsal D ring Front D ring Side D rings Waist belt v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 10 / 24

13 TYPES OF LANYARDS LANYARDS USED IN FALL ARREST Fall arrest lanyards must not exceed 2 metres in length and must have a shock absorber. Lanyards must be attached by the shock absorber to the dorsal D ring in fall arrest. v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 11 / 24

14 TWIN TAIL LANYARDS Twin tail lanyards are primarily used when transferring between anchor points while there is a risk of a fall. Attach the spare tail to the same anchor point as the one already in use. Twin tail lanyards should NOT be used unless the worker has been trained in their correct application and use. At no time is the spare tail of the twin lanyard to be attached to the harness. Attach the lanyard directly overhead to minimize the swing fall hazard. Use the shortest lanyard possible for the job. Inspect the lanyard before use. OTHER ACCESSORIES HOOKS KARABINERS BEAM STRAPS AND SLINGS v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 12 / 24

15 FALL ARREST BLOCKS AND INERTIA REELS You must refer to the manufacturer s instructions on their abilities, as they vary; e.g. vertical to 15, and 360. BEAM ANCHORS v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 13 / 24

16 RESCUE/RETRIEVAL EQUIPMENT RESCUE ARRANGEMENTS Rescue plans should be rehearsed and communicated to all persons involved in the task. All persons using rescue equipment should be trained in all aspects of its use. EQUIPMENT/TOOLS FOR WORKING AT HEIGHTS Use tool lanyards to prevent tools falling Do not carry tools in your hands when climbing a ladder Set up gin wheel or pulley system Wear a tool belt eg: riggers belt Use of certified crane work boxes v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 14 / 24

17 LANDING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT AT HEIGHT Place materials and equipment in a safe location to eliminate or minimize the risk of items being knocked off or falling MONITOR CHANGES Be aware of: Potential changes in weather conditions ie: squalls, strong winds, willy willy s Cranes setting up near your work area and passing loads overhead EFFECTS OF WIND In a strong wind you could be blown off a roof or structure The material you are working with could become airborne Wind can increase anything up to an extra 10mtr per second at 20mtr in height Assess the risk of wind before working at heights WORKING AT HEIGHTS - PERMITS When would you require a working at heights permit? Some Examples: Working on a roof Near open edges Creating an open penetration EWPs Workboxes Open Structures OPEN PENETRATION PERMITS Site polices must be complied with; eg: Grid mesh removal permit will be required to create the opening. Hard barricading will be required for all openings/around penetrations Working on a roof wear an approved harness and lanyard, attached to anchor point unable to reach a position to fall. This is a good example of what NOT to do. They should be hooked on lower and to a structure, not a handrail. v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 15 / 24

18 v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 16 / 24

19 EXCLUSION ZONES TO PROTECT PERSONS BELOW When working directly above people, you may need to barricade the area below and use signs to protect others workers. These exclusion zones may be required to be placed at all floor levels beneath the working level. Protective matting should be used when working on grid mesh to prevent bolts, nuts, tools etc falling through grid mesh. Fire blankets should be used when conducting hot work eg: oxy cutting. Follow site procedures for the placement of barriers, barricades and signage. Protective signs and barriers can only be removed when the task is complete. ANCHORAGES IN kn Definitions AS Limited free fall (single person) less than 600mm anchorage 12kN Limited free fall (two persons) less than 600mm anchorage 18kN Free fall (single person) more than 600mm anchorage 15kN Free fall (two persons) more than 600mm anchorage 21kN TETHERED RESTRAINT Attached to anchor point unable to reach a position to fall v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 17 / 24

20 RESTRAINT SYSTEMS CONSIST OF: Anchorage point or points Static line or restraint line of appropriate strength and length A harness or restraint belt Purpose is to limit horizontal movements so that the user is totally restrained from reaching a position where, either a free fall or limited free fall is possible FALL-ARREST SYSTEMS SHOULD BE USED IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS APPLY: The user can reach a position where a fall is possible The user has a restraint line that can be adjusted in length so that a free fall position can be reached The user may fall through the surface (e.g. roofing material): The slope is over 15 degrees There is any other reasonably likely misuse of the system, which could lead to a free fall ANCHOR POINT (INCLUDING STRUCTURE) REQUIREMENTS Consult an Engineer to establish if the anchorage is capable of withstanding the forces Must be used in accordance with Australian Standards and manufacturers instructions Employer is responsible for anchor point location, engineer approval may be required Trained person to install and use anchor points Anchorage certified to correct kn for circumstances Clearance required if fall occurs No higher than 2.2 metres above work level (head high is best) Must consider pendulum affect in fall Shock absorber attached to the harness not the anchor point v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 18 / 24

21 ANCHOR POINT EXAMPLES FIXED ANCHOR POINT Attaching your lanyard above your head rather than waist height will reduce the fall distance and minimise the fall swing hazard. v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 19 / 24

22 STATIC LINES STATIC LINE REQUIREMENTS Basic rigger / scaffolder generally accepted to install static lines Must be used in accordance with Australian Standards and manufacturers instructions Trained person to use static line FALL CLEARANCES Fall clearances should be considered when selecting personal fall arrest equipment or any other working at height safety equipment. The fall restraint technique requires operator competence, as well as clearly documented work procedures. v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 20 / 24

23 PENDULUM EFFECT A fall may result in lateral movement or swinging which may produce a pendulum effect resulting in either: The operator striking objects to one side of the fall path Snagging of the lanyard or anchorage line of a fall arrest device, reducing its effectiveness in arresting the fall This applies to both fixed anchor points and static lines. LADDER REQUIREMENTS Fall arrest equipment to be used if indicated on the ladder or JSA 4 metre up to 1 metre out rule (4:1 ratio) or 75 degrees Secured and 1 metre higher than landing minimum Appropriate material, e.g. no metal for electrical work 6 monthly checks and register maintained as a minimum, or as per site policy and procedure Never used as work platform Ladder is access tool not a work platform v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 21 / 24

24 EWP REQUIREMENTS Must hold a High Risk Work Licence if maximum reach of EWP is 11 metres or more Trained person to operate EWP All operators must hold a high risk work licence when operating EWPs of any class on mine sites and constructions sites Harness required in any boom type EWP by law Must comply with all Legislation, Standards, operating instructions and training requirements Use the shortest possible lanyard with a shock absorber SCAFFOLD REQUIREMENTS Any persons erecting scaffold to a height of 4 metres or more must hold a scaffolding high risk work licence. Edge protection is required on all scaffolds, whenever a person or object can fall. Persons accessing scaffold: Must not alter or modify the scaffold Must NOT put things down the tubes Must protect structures and PPE from welding burns Comply with scaffold tagging system v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 22 / 24

25 SCAFFTAG SYSTEM An in date, completed Scafftag must be attached to the scaffold following an inspection by a qualified scaffolder. INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS Requirements for inspection of scaffolding structures are required where any person or object may fall more than four (4) metres. The scaffold and its supporting components should be inspected in the following incidents: Before the scaffold is first used. At intervals not exceeding 30 days, or as per site requirements. After severe weather conditions, earthquake or where an incident has affected the stability or adequacy of the scaffolding structure. Prior to its use after any major alterations or repairs have been conducted. Australian standards states the employer must ensure that no work is carried out on the scaffold unless written confirmation has been obtained from a competent person in each of the points listed above. CLEAN UP When the task is complete, clean up area: All working at heights safety equipment should be inspected, cleaned and returned to the store Tag out and report any defective equipment Remove signs, barriers and barricades Complete / return any permits or documentation All harnesses, lanyards etc should be stored in a clean, dry environment away from dust, chemicals, solvents, oils/grease, UV light and heat etc. v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 23 / 24

26 RESOURCES AS/NZS 1891: Industrial fall arrest systems and devices Part 1: Harness and ancillary equipment Part 2: Horizontal lifeline and rail systems Part 3: Fall arrest devices Part 4: Selection, use and maintenance AS/NZS 5532: Manufacturing requirements single-point anchor devices used for harness-based work at height AS/NZS 1892: Portable ladders AS/NZS 1657: Fixed platforms, walkways, stairs and ladders AS/NZS 1576: Scaffolding AS/NZS 4576: Guidelines for scaffolding AS/NZS 2550: Part 1: Cranes General requirements o Section 6.19: Suspension of persons by crane (workbox, must wear fall arrest harness) Part 10: Mobile Elevating Work Platforms o Section: 5.15: Use of fall arrest systems or restraint devices o Section 5.16: Working above personnel access areas (dropped objects) Part 19: Telescopic handlers (Workbox attachment) o Refers back to AS/NZS 2250: (must wear a fall arrest harness) AS/NZS 2359: Part 1: Powered industrial trucks (Forklift) o Section 12.3: Work platform (must wear a fall arrest harness) Codes of Practice Prevention of falls in the workplace (WorkSafe WA) Managing the risk of falls at workplaces (Safe Work Australia) Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984 Occupational Safety and Health Regulations 1996 Mines Safety Inspection Act 1994 Mines Safety Inspection Regulations 1995 Company/site policies and procedures for working at height v Learner Guide - RIIWHS204D - SWH 24 / 24

27 NOTES

28 NOTES

29 (08) Unit 1 / 8 Day Road, Rockingham