Fall Protection 4/7/16

Transcription

1 Fall Protection 4/7/16

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6 Passive Fall Prevention Fall Restraint Fall Arrest Inspection/Maintenance

7 Guarding Floor and Wall Openings and Holes Powered Platforms, Manlifts and Vehicle Mounted Work Platforms Fall Protection Duty to Have Fall Protection Fall Protection Systems and Criteria Training Requirements

8 Evaluate the workplace for fall hazards and plan accordingly Focus on: The presence of fall hazards Structural integrity issues Types of fall arrest or restraint methods to be used Situations where fall arrest or restraint will be difficult to utilize Protection for persons working under or passing below overhead work Situations where passive forms of fall protection can be used

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10 Addressing the Hazard

11 Best example Guardrail Once a guardrail is installed it doesn t need to be altered to prevent access to the leading edge

12 Eliminates the hazard all together 4 foot General Industry The Forty-Eight Inch Rule

13 Top-rails must be 42 inches above the walking/working surface Intermediate rails 21 inches Must be capable of withstanding 200 lbs. in any direction

14 All excavations should be marked with caution tape, reflective pylons, traffic cones, etc. Excavations six feet or greater must be protected by a guardrail, fence, barricade or properly rated cover.

15 Floor Opening - An opening measuring 12 inches or more in its least dimension, in any floor, platform, pavement, or yard through which persons may fall; such as a hatchway, stair or ladder opening, pit, or large manhole.

16 Need to be guarded: Standard Railing Permanent or temporary Hinged floor opening cover Manhole cover

17 Floor Openings

18 Eliminate Fall Potential

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20 A tie off system that restrains the employee from falling Does not allow the worker to access the fall hazard

21 Consists of an anchorage point 1,000 lbs. (ANSI Z359) static load per person Full-Body Harness Connector Adjustable Lanyard Preferred

22 Must keep ample distance from the leading edge (i.e. 6 feet) Must not allow for fall potential

23 Does not allow a person to be exposed to a fall Anchorage point requirements of 1,000 lbs. (ANSI 359) No fall, no rescue!

24 Fall Arrest or Fall Restraint?

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26 Preventing Fall Related Injuries

27 Must be protected from falling six feet or more during construction activities: Maintenance Activities Use of Boom Articulating Lifts Use of cranes Others???

28 Designed to stop a fall once it has already begun Bring an employee to a complete stop and limit deceleration distance: 3.5 feet with a traditional energy absorbing lanyard 24 inches for Self- Retracting Lifeline

29 Personal fall arrest systems must limit arresting forces to 1800 lbs. when used with a full body harness Shock absorbing mechanisms should be used for fall arrest

30 Anchorage Full-Body Harness Connector

31 Activates upon a fall Stops Fall May prevent serious injury

32 Distance a body falls before the fall arrest system activates Must not exceed 6 feet or contact w/lower level or obstruction Up to 6 ft. lanyard Less than 2 feet SRL

33 Support 5000 lbs. static load per person This is often difficult to achieve without a engineered anchor point

34 When possible choose an anchor point above the head If not positioned overhead a pendulum effect will occur

35 Disperses forces of fall arrest over the chest, thighs, pelvis and shoulders Connected to anchorage by a lanyard (Dorsal D- Ring

36 Back Fall Arrest/Restraint Frontal Ladder Climbing/Descent Control Shoulder CSE Entry/Rescue/Retrieval Hips - Positioning

37 Shock absorbing Self retracting lifelines (SRL) All must have double action locking hooks w/tensile strength of 5,000 lbs.

38 Do not connect two snap hooks together (roll out) Be aware of sharp edges. Guard sharp edges with a protective materials. Never use two lanyards attached to a dorsal d-ring in place of a dual legged lanyard.

39 Forces= W x D Body Weight ---(W) Free Fall Distance---(D) Example: A 215lbs worker w/ 6 lbs. of tools who falls 6 can generate fall forces of 1,290lbs across a person s body Without adequate deceleration or shock absorbers this could cause serious injuries.

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41 Full Body Harness D-Ring Anchorage Connector (Lanyard)

42 Free Fall Distance = 6 ft. + Deceleration Distance = 3.5 ft. = Total Fall Distance = 9.5 ft. + Height of the Worker = 6 ft. + Safety Factor = 3 ft. = Required Clearance = 18.5 ft. Assume: 6 foot shock absorbing lanyard anchored above the head

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44 Do Bungee Jumpers Calculate Total Fall/Clearance Distance?

45 Travel Freely Automatically locks to arrest a fall Example: Rope Grab

46 Rated for correct number of persons Used accessing rolling stock (i.e. railcars, tops of tankers, etc.)

47 Rigid or Flexible Attach prior to stepping on to car or climbing ladder Tug and walk technique Retract when not in use (stress on retraction springs)

48 Crane Basket fall Arrest/Restraint Boom Articulating Lift Fall Restraint Scissor Lifts Not required unless railing is removed Scaffolding Not required unless railings are not being utilized (10 ft.)

49 Employer shall provide prompt rescue of employees in the event of a fall or ensure that employees are able to rescue themselves. In-house Equipment Local First Responders

50 Orthostatic Intolerance Development of symptoms such as light-headedness, heart palpitations, poor concentration, fatigue, nausea, headache and occasional fainting while standing upright. Result of blood accumulating in the veins of the legs. Also known as venous pooling and typically occurs due to the force of gravity and lack of movement.

51 Severe venous pooling will cause fainting. Orthostatic intolerance requires the legs to remain relaxed, straight, tight and below head level. Muscle contraction causes pressure on the veins pumping blood back to the hear and brain.

52 Death called by orthostatic intolerance. Can occur when a worker falls while wearing a full body harness. Worker is in an upright position with the legs dangling. Harness straps put pressure on the leg veins reducing blood flow back to the heart.

53 Blood pools in the legs. Without muscle contraction in the legs, blood flow to the hear will slow and the person will lose consciousness. Prolonged suspension can cause serious injury or even death in as little as thirty minutes.

54 Trauma Straps Ladders Aerial Lifts Crane Basket Ropes/Retrieval Systems First Responders Coworker Never Work Alone!

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56 Caring for and inspecting equipment

57 Before each use (after) inspect lanyards, SRL and harnesses: Cuts Frays Damage Cracks Burns Impact indicator

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59 Annually by a competent person (ANSI Z359)

60 Personal fall protection systems and components subjected to impact loading should be taken out of service until: Inspected by a competent person Determined to be undamaged and suitable for use If equipment is not useable, make it unusable.

61 SRL According to manufacturer frequency requirements Annual Competent

62 Clean full body harness with water and mild soap solution Do not use bleach or bleach solutions Air Dry Store full body harness in a cool, dry, clean environment, out of direct sunlight Many factors can damage a harness: Chemicals Extreme heat Sunlight

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64 Train employees on: Nature of hazards in the work area The correct procedures for maintaining, erecting and inspecting fall protection systems Document all training: Name of employee trained Date Signature of person who conducted the training Test (Recommended)

65 Required when: Changes in the workplace Changes in the types of fall protection systems or equipment used Determined that the employee does not have requisite understanding or skills

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