Moku o Loe, Oahu. Benthic Habitat Data: 2 m

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1 Moku o Loe, Oahu 21 o N 157 o W Management Status: Coconut Island Marine Laboratory Refuge Hawaii Area Description: Patch reef with island development. Sand and seawall shoreline. Coral and sand carbonate reef flat exposed at lowest tides. Sites on windward carbonate reef slope. High coral and macro-algae (Dictyosphaerea cavernosa) cover at shallow depths. Deep zone characterized by sediment with low coral cover colonized by slumping from upper reef zone. Northeast exposure sheltered within Kaneohe Bay. Historical impacts include dredging, long-term sewage release and freshwater flooding. Major coastal development along bay Benthic Habitat Data: 2 m shores. M o ku o L o e Sediment Sediment Grain Size Composition (% wt.) (% wt.) Depth (m) Rugosity LOI H 2 CO 3 Gravel Coarse Fine Silt Mean S.D Video and Photo Transect data (2 m): %Cover Species: Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea bottae Leptastrea purpurea Leptoseris incrustans Montipora capitata Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Psammocora stellata Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness:

2 Video and Photo Transect data (2 m) %Cover Species: Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea bottae Leptastrea purpurea Leptoseris incrustans Montipora capitata Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Psammocora stellata Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness

3 Moku O Loe 2m Coral % Cover Moku o Loe, Oahu Photoquadrat Data (2 m): Photo analysis pending Findings: Initial coral cover rank is 18 among 60 reefs. Coral cover has declined significantly over the 3 sampling periods. High percentage of macroalgae (Dictyosphaeria cavernosa) and filter feeding macroinvertebrates (e.g. Sabellastarte sanctijosephi). Moderate percentage of crustose coralline algae and turf algae. High percentage of fine sediments with moderate content of terrigenous material. No rare or unusual species observed. Benthic Habitat: 9 m Sediment Sediment Grain Size Composition (% wt.) (% wt.) Depth (m) Rugosity LOI H2CO3 Gravel Coarse Fine Silt Mean S.D

4 Video and Photo Transect data (9 m): %Cover Species: Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea bottae Leptastrea purpurea Leptoseris incrustans Montipora capitata Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Psammocora stellata Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness: Video and Photo Transect data (9 m): %Cover Species: Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea bottae Leptastrea purpurea Leptoseris incrustans Montipora capitata Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Psammocora stellata Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness

5 Moku O Loe 9m Coral % Cover

6 Moku o Loe, Oahu Photoquadrat Data (9 m): Photo analysis pending Findings: Initial coral cover rank is 51 among 60 reefs. Coral cover has stayed roughly the same over the 3 sampling periods. Low percentage cover of macroalgae. Low percentage cover of crustose coralline algae and turf algae. High percentage of fine sediments with low content of terrigenous material. No rare or unusual species observed. Fish Data: 2 m and 9 m Density (#/125m²) Biomass (g/125m²) Species 2 m 9 m 2 m 9 m Abudefduf abdominalis Abudefduf sordidus Acanthurus blochii Acanthurus dussumieri Acanthurus leucopareius Acanthurus xanthopterus Arothron hispidus Bodianus bilunulatus Chaetodon auriga Chaetodon lunula Chaetodon lunulatus Chaetodon miliaris Chaetodon multicinctus Chaetodon trifascialis Chaetodon unimaculatus Chlorurus perspicillatus Chlorurus sordidus Ctenochaetus strigosus Dascyllus albisella Fistularia commersonii Foa brachygramma Gomphosus varius Macropharyngodon geoffroyi Naso unicornis Parupeneus multifasciatus Scarus

7 Moku o Loe, Oahu Density (#/125m²) Biomass (g/125m²) Fish Data: 2 m and 9 m 2 m 9 m 2 m 9 m Species Scarus dubius Scarus psittacus Stegastes fasciolatus Stethojulis balteata Thalassoma ballieui Thalassoma duperrey Thalassoma trilobatum Zanclus cornutus Zebrasoma flavescens Zebrasoma veliferum Total/Depth Avg ± SD: Species Richness Findings: Among 60 reefs, Moku o Loe 2m ranked 13 in species richness, 2 in density, 4 in biomass, and 40 in diversity. Moku o Loe 9m ranked 59 in species richness, 47 in density, 45 in biomass, and 59 in diversity. The most abundant species were the juvenile Scarids ( Scarus spp.) at both the 2m and 9m reefs respectively. The species with the highest biomass were the juvenile Scarids (Scarus spp.) at both the 2m and 9m reefs respectively. Foa brachygramma presence is notable as this species is not common to sites surveyed.