Palaau, Molokai. Benthic Habitat Data: 3 m

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1 Palaau, Molokai 21 o N 157 o W Management Status: Open access Area Description: Agricultural area with mangrove dominated shoreline acting to consolidate sediments. Extremely broad reef flat and reef face bisected by Palaau Channel. Inner channel and fishing house reef flats fully exposed at minus low tides. Sand and fine sediments cover most of the reef flat with no live coral. Seaward through channel area small colonies of coral found. Coral cover increases seaward across reef flat, crest and reef slope. Southern exposure, sheltered. Sustenance fishing. Potential sedimentation impact. Benthic Habitat Data: 3 m Sediment Sediment Grain Size Composition (% wt.) (% wt.) Depth (m) Rugosity LOI H 2 CO 3 Gravel Coarse Fine Silt Mean S.D Video and Photo Transect data (3 m): %Cover Species: Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea bottae Leptastrea purpurea Leptoseris incrustans Montipora capitata Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Psammocora stellata Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness: Species Diversity

2 Video and Photo Transect data (3 m): %Cover Species: Mean SD Mean SD Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea bottae Leptastrea purpurea Leptoseris incrustans Montipora capitata Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Psammocora stellata Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness Species Diversity

3 Palaau 3m Coral % Cover Photoquadrat Data (3 m): Photo analysis pending Findings: Initial coral cover rank is 20 among 60 reefs. Coral stayed roughly the same between the 2 sampling periods. Low macroalgae abundance. High percentage of crustose coralline algae and turf algae. Low percentage of fine sediments with low content of terrigenous material. No rare or unusual corals observed. Palaau, Molokai Benthic Habitat: 10 m Sediment Sediment Grain Size Composition (% wt.) (% wt.) Depth (m) Rugosity LOI H2CO3 Gravel Coarse Fine Silt Mean S.D

4 Video and Photo Transect data (10 m): %Cover Species: Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea bottae Leptastrea purpurea Leptoseris incrustans Montipora capitata Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Psammocora stellata Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness: Species Diversity

5 Video and Photo Transect data (10 m): %Cover Species: Mean SD Mean SD Cyphastrea ocellina Fungia scutaria Leptastrea bottae Leptastrea purpurea Leptoseris incrustans Montipora capitata Montipora flabellata Montipora patula Montipora studeri Pavona duerdeni Pavona maldivensis Pavona varians Pocillopora damicornis Pocillopora eydouxi Pocillopora ligulata Pocillopora meandrina Porites brighami Porites compressa Porites evermanni Porites lichen Porites lobata Porites rus Psammocora nierstraszi Psammocora stellata Unknown Coral Total Coral Species Richness Species Diversity

6 Palaau 10m Coral % Cover

7 Findings: Initial coral cover rank is 4 among 60 reefs. Coral declined almost 8% between the 2 sampling periods. Low level of macroalgae with Acanthophora pacifica dominant between Porites compressa fingers. High percentage of crustose coralline algae and turf algae. High percentage of fine sediments with low content of terrigenous material. Gardenoseris planulata, Montipora studeri and Pavona maldivensis are found in region and are not common to sites surveyed. Photoquadrat Data (10 m): Photo analysis pending Palaau, Molokai Fish Data: 3m and 10m Density (#/125m²) Biomass (g/125m²) 3m 10m 3m 10m Species Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Acanthurus blochii Acanthurus guttatus Acanthurus leucopareius Acanthurus nigrofuscus Acanthurus triostegus Cantherhines dumerilii Cantherhines sandwichiensis Canthigaster jactator Centropyge potteri Cephalopholis argus Chaetodon lunula Chaetodon multicinctus Chaetodon ornatissimus Chaetodon quadrimaculatus Chaetodon unimaculatus Chlorurus perspicillatus Chlorurus sordidus Chromis agilis Chromis hanui Chromis vanderbilti Chromis verater Cirrhitops fasciatus Cirripectes vanderbilti Coris gaimard Ctenochaetus strigosus Forcipiger longirostris Gomphosus varius Halichoeres ornatissimus Hemiramphus depauperatus Labroides phthirophagus Melichthys niger Melichthys vidua Mulloidichthys vanicolensis Naso brevirostris

8 Naso lituratus Ostracion meleagris Oxycheilinus unifasciatus Paracirrhites arcatus Parupeneus cyclostomus Parupeneus multifasciatus Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Rhinecanthus rectangulus Scarus psittacus Scarus rubroviolaceus Stegastes fasciolatus Stethojulis balteata Sufflamen bursa Thalassoma ballieui Thalassoma duperrey Zebrasoma flavescens Zebrasoma veliferum Total/Depth Avg ± SD: Species Richness Species Diversity Findings: Among 60 reefs, Palaau 3m ranked 26 in species richness, 5 in density, 6 in biomass, and 34 in diversity. Palaau 10m ranked 27 in species richness, 30 in density, 41 in biomass, and 12 in diversity. The most abundant species were the Convict tang (Acanthurus triostegus) and the Bullethead parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) at the 3m and 10m reefs respectively. The species with the highest biomass was the Bullethead parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) at both the 3m and 10m reefs respectively. No rare or unusual species observed.

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