Hood Canal Steelhead Project A conservation hatchery experiment. Joy Lee Waltermire

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1 Hood Canal Steelhead Project A conservation hatchery experiment Joy Lee Waltermire

2 Cooperating Project Partners: NOAA: NWFSC Behavioral Ecology Team Long Live the Kings WA Department of Fish and Wildlife US Fish and Wildlife Service Skokomish Tribe Point No Point Treaty Tribes Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group US Forest Service Hood Canal Private Landowners

3 How did the project come to be? Hamma Hamma Steelhead Supplemenation Project ( ): Efforts responding to population on extinction vortex in the Hamma Hamma River. May 2007: Puget Sound (Hood Canal) steelhead listed as threatened on the Endangered Species Act. Hatchery Scientific Review Group: Use hatcheries as a tool for recovery and conservation.

4 Hood Canal Steelhead Project Goals Can artificial propagation be utilized to increase a wild population s abundance and productivity over the long term while preserving the genetic, demographic, and life history traits of the population? Oncorhynchus Mykiss

5 Conservation Hatchery Experiment Replicated, before-during-after-control-impact experiment (RBACI) Pre-supplementation During Supplementation Post-supplementation Response variables = Spawner abundance and spawn timing Freshwater productivity (egg to smolt) Natural spawners Cultured spawners F 1 Cultured F 1 + F 2 Cultured Life history diversity Embryo collections Genetic variation Local adaptation Early marine survival

6 Project streams Supplemented: Dewatto, Duckabush & SF Skokomish Rivers Control: Big Beef Cr, Tahuya, Little Quilcene & Dosewallips* Rivers Post-Supplemented: Hamma Hamma River

7 Hood Canal stream characteristics Dosewallips Duckabush Hamma Hamma L. Quilcene Big Beef Creek N Olympic Peninsula streams Bedrock/cobble High elevation High gradient Glacial/snow melt Anadromous barriers (except Skokomish) Kitsap Peninsula streams Skokomish Dewatto Tahuya Sand and gravel soils Low elevation Low gradient Low flow Rain and aquifers No anadromous barriers

8 Flow (cfs) Mean monthly streamflow Skokomish Dosewallips Hamma Hamma L. Quilcene Duckabush Dewatto Tahuya Big Beef Creek L. Quilcene Dosewallips Duckabush Hamma Hamma Skokomish Tahuya Dewatto Big Beef Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Data from:

9 Temperature (C) Data compiled from WA State DOE and USGS Temperature L. Quilcene Dosewallips Duckabush Hamma Skokomish Tahuya Dewatto Big Beef January February March April May June July August September October November December Skokomish Dosewallips Duckabush Hamma Hamma L. Quilcene Dewatto Tahuya Big Beef Creek

10 How do we accomplish our goals? Redd and snorkel surveys conducted weekly throughout spawning season Eyed embryos collected Hatchery reared smolts and adults Smolt collections Summer parr sampling

11 Proportion of redds Proportion of redds observed Spawn timing % 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% Big Beef Creek Dewatto Duckabush Hamma Hamma Little Quilcene SF Skokomish Kitsap Peninsula Olympic Peninsula 10.00% 0.00% January February March April May June July

12 Collecting eyed embryos

13 HCSP incubation and rearing facilities LLTK Lilliwaup Hatchery ( C) (C) Quilcene National Fish Hatchery WDFW McKernan Hatchery

14 Fish Culture and Release Strategies Sample fish quarterly to adjust feed schedule. Adipose fin clip parr. Release smolts at age-2. Release adults at age-4, or when mature, with external floy tags.

15 Smolt & Adult Release Totals SRG ARG River Brood Year Age-1 Age-2 Age-4 Age-5 Age-6 Total released Dewatto , ,628 Dewatto , ,807 Dewatto , ,833 Dewatto , ,956 Dewatto , ,533 Dewatto , ,183 Dewatto ,473 6,473 Dewatto , ,239 Total 51 47, ,652 Duckabush , ,783 Duckabush , ,810 Duckabush Duckabush , ,079 Duckabush , ,550 Duckabush , ,993 Duckabush , ,713 Duckabush , ,700 Total , ,628 Skokomish ,091 23, ,909 Skokomish , ,729 Skokomish , ,899 Skokomish , ,989 Skokomish , ,074 Skokomish , ,258 Skokomish ,005 18,005 Skokomish , ,769 Total 4, , ,632

16 Proportion from anadromous mothers 86% (C) 96% Percentages of summer parr produced by anadromous mothers 94% 57% 41% 99% 99% 99% Big Beef Cr Tahuya R Dewatto R Skokomish R Hamma Hamma R Duckabush R Dosewallips R Little Quilcene

17 Age-at-smoltification in Hood Canal steelhead populations 100% 90% n = 2-4 years per population 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Age % 10% 0% Big Beef Dewatto Tahuya Duckabush Hamma Hamma Little Quilcene SF Skokomish Ageing: WDFW ageing laboratory

18 Annual Redd Abundance Dewatto River Duckabush River SF Skokomish Hamma Hamma River Big Beef Creek Tahuya River Little Quilcene River Last year of Hamma Hamma supplementation spawners First year of HCSP supplementation spawners

19 Annual Escapement HCSP Supplemented Spawners Hamma Hamma Steelhead Supplementation Project Spawners Dewatto Duckabush SF Skokomish Hamma Hamma Big Beef Cr. Tahuya L. Quilcene Supplemented Post-Supplemented Control

20 Monitoring and Evaluation Tools Weekly redd surveys Summer parr sampling Smolt trapping Adult sampling Acoustic Telemetry

21 Hamma Hamma steelhead supplementation project: Genetic diversity Summer parr N H o Alleles Rare alleles Unique alleles A r Mean Nb Wild fish before supplementation ( ) Wild + Hatchery offspring after Supplementation ( ) D. Van Doornik et al CJFAS

22 Genetic structure of Hood Canal steelhead Olympic Peninsula Kitsap Peninsula Van Doornik et al. unpublished data

23 Parentage of BY2011 parr by ARG Dewatto N= % 19.0% Duckabush N= % SF Skokomish N=64 1.6% 4.7% 72.5% 20.0% 7.5% Two ARG Parents One ARG Parent No ARG Parents 93.8%

24 Parentage of BY2011 smolts by ARG Duckabush N= % 29.8% 38.9% Dewatto N= % 21.3% Two ARG Parents One ARG Parent No ARG Parents SF Skokomish N= % 44.4% 88.5%

25 Adult offspring of ARG River Number of adults sampled Number of adults with 2 ARG parents Number of adults with 1 ARG parent Dewatto Duckabush Skokomish

26 Acoustic Telemetry Photo by Teresa Sjostrom Moore et al. in review

27 Percent survival Moore et al. 2010, 2012 Big Beef (Wild) Hamma (L-Hatch) Big Beef (Wild) Big Beef (Wild) Skokomish (Wild) Skokomish (Mc-Hatch) Big Beef (Wild) Duckabush (L-Hatch) Skokomish (Wild) Skokomish (Mc-Hatch) Big Beef (Wild) Skokomish (Wild) Skokomish (Mc-Hatch) Early marine survival (release to Hood Canal Bridge) PR-RM (FW) RM-HCB

28 Summary Hood Canal steelhead populations are diverse and adapted to local stream conditions Abundance has remained low since the 1990 s and has not recovered despite fishing closures Hatchery actions have been tailored to the local watershed and are being tested in an experimental way Initial results from the Hamma Hamma River suggest some improvement resulting from conservation hatchery practices.the rest remains to be seen.

29 Thank you!

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