Using physiological indices to estimate residualism rates in hatchery reared winter run steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Hood River, Oregon

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1 Using physiologicl indices to estimte residulism rtes in htchery rered winter run steelhed trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Hood River, Oregon Don Lrsen NOAA Fisheries Mollie Middleton nd Jon Dickey UW, School of Aqutic nd Fishery Sciences Ryn Gerstenerger nd Chris Brun Confederted Tries of the Wrm Springs Reservtion Penny Swnson NOAA Fisheries Photo courtesy IDFG

2 Steelhed, Oncorhynchus mykiss, life history Photo courtesy Mtt Cooper Mturtion & spwning Ocen (1 3 yers) Emryo Andromous Steelhed Estury/erly mrine (2 weeks) Resident Rinow Trout Prr Mturtion in fresh wter Smolt (ge 1-3)

3 Hood River Bsin, Oregon Co mngers from the Confederted Tries of the Wrm Springs Reservtion (CTWSR) nd ODFW relese ~5K Hood R. winter run steelhed nnully from the Prkdle Fish Fcility nd Est Fork Snd Trp comined.

4 Independent Scientific Review Pnel (ISRP) Review of Revised Hood River Production Mster Pln ISRP Review Summry Residulism y Htchery Steelhed..reviews recommended tht the project sponsors develop M&E protocols to ssess the extent to which the residulism of htchery steelhed is resulting in the displcement of wild fish from Hood River hitt These yerling residuls my compete with nd displce wild underyerling prr.my contriute little or nothing to susequent smolt yields, while few likely mture precociously nd spwn with wild fish, thus decresing fitness of wild spwners.contriuting towrd hyrid swrms with cutthrot trout.. A good strting point.estimte the numer of residuls the htchery is producing.or try to forecst life history types.

5 Wht re the possile life-history options for Hood River Winter run Steelhed? Smple All Potentilly Residuls Length Emergence Mture 1 (M) Smolt 1 (M/F) Mture 2 (M/F?) Ocen = 1 slt River = RBT (?) Smolt 2 (M/F) Mture 3 (M/F) Smolt 3 (M/F) Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Age- Age-1 Age-2 Age-3

6

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8 Methods Collect 3 Hood River Winter steelhed t Prkdle Fcility in My 212, 213 nd 214 just prior to relese Mesure length, weight, sex, gond weight for GSI, visul sexul development stte, visul smolt stte Collect Gill tissue from mles nd femles Plsm from ll mles Pituitry glnds from ll mles Testes from ll mles

9 Physiologicl tools to determine life-history Sex of the fish Testes histology chrcterize cell types Mle GSI Mle Plsm 11-KT levels Pituitry mrna trnscript for FSH nd LH in mles Testes mrna for AMH nd IGF-3 (BY 211 nd 213) in mles Mle nd femle Gill N+/K+-ATPse levels Mle nd femle externl ppernce prr mrks or silvering 1 = prr, 2 = trnsitionl, 3 = smolt

10 Results Sex femles, 146 mles (51:49) BY femles, 135 mles (55:45) BY femles, 158 mles (49;51) BY 213 There were only 6 immture prr (smolt index = 1) nd ll were femles All other femles were immture smolts Smolts were the most common life-history in ll yers In mles, mturtion initites efore cler increses in GSI Using histology we recognized 6 different life-history stges (or types) in oth rood yers Other prmeters were required to support the histologicl results

11 Stge Immture Smolt Undifferentited Type A Spermtogoni

12 Stge 1 Erly initition of mturtion Type B Spermtogoni Differentited Type A Spermtogoni Stge 1, 2, nd 3 mle fish re ll t vrying stges of inititing mturtion for next spring Stge 2 Mid-initition of mturtion Stge 3 Mid-initition of mturtion Spermtocyte Spermtids Type B Spermtogoni

13 Precocious Prr Spermtozo

14 Attempted Mturtion Spermtozo Type B Spermtogoni

15 GSI (%) GSI (%) BY BY PP Att. Mt. Initited Mturtion c c Histologicl Stge c d d e c c GSI (%) GSI is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge c PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge

16 BY KT (ng/ml) 11KT (ng/ml) BY Initited Mturtion PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge 11KT (ng/ml) Plsm 11-KT is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY ANOVA p = PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge

17 Reltive FSHet/Ef1 expression fsh Reltive FSH expression et/ef1 fsh BY BY PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge Initited Mturtion PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge Reltive FSH expression et/ef1 fsh Pituitry FSH mrna is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge

18 Reltive expression lh LH et/ef1 Reltive LHet/Ef1 expression lh BY BY c PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge Initited Mturtion c c c PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge Pituitry LH mrna is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion Reltive LH et/ef1 expression lh BY PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge

19 Reltive IGF3/Ef1 expression igf3 BY BY 212 Initited Mturtion c PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge Not mesured c Reltive IGF3/Ef1 expression igf3 BY Testiculr IGF3 mrna is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge

20 Reltive AMH/Ef1 expression mh BY Initited Mturtion c c c c PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge BY 212 Not mesured Reltive AMH/Ef1 expression mh BY Testiculr AMH mrna is high in smolts nd decreses with mturtion PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge

21 Wht out smolting?

22 Weight (g) Weight (g) BY BY 212 Mles Femles 15 Mles 125 Femles Smolt Index c c Weight (g) BY Smolt Index y Size y Sex 15 Mles 125 Femles Smolt Index Smolt Index

23 BY 211 Gill N + /K + -ATPse Gill N + /K + -ATPse BY Mles Femles Mles Femles Smolt Index Gill ATPse incresed with higher smolt index BY 213 Gill N + /K + -ATPse Mles Femles Smolt Index c c Smolt Index

24 Comine ll indices size sex smolting mle mturtion to ctegorize ech fish ccording to life-history type

25 BY % 1.3%.7% 11.7% Life-history forecst 84.3% BY % % 1.7% 86.% 11.% 1.3%.8% 1.6% 7.9% Prr Precocious Mle Prr Attempted Mturtion Smolt (1-slt) 88.4% Smolt (2-3 slt) BY %.7% 2.3% 1.% 3 yer Avg. 95.%

26 Conclusions We hve demonstrted the efficcy of using physiologicl indices t single time point to forecst steelhed lifehistory types Attempted mturtion ppers to e rel phenotype Residulism estimte ~3 5% = out 1,5 2,5 per 5, fish M 2 (.k.. 1 Slts or hlf pounders ) ~ 8% = 5,5 per 5K. Chllenging question do ny of the M 2 s sty in FW (RBT)?

27 Two more resons to cre out residuls Mturing Testes Yellow Jckets - Good! Chinook eggs - Bd!

28 Acknowledgements Louis Hrding (UW), Lindsy Brewer (CTWSR) smpling Prkdle Fish Fcility mngement nd stff Grhm Young (UW) Brry Berejikin, Chris Ttr, Jeff Atkins, Ro Endicott, Skip Tezk (NOAA) BPA Htchery Reform Project # Bill Gle, Mtt Cooper, Mtt Hll, Roette Schmit (USFWS) BPA Htchery Reform Project # Funding provided y BPA under project # dministrted y Richrd Golden.

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