GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST

Transcription

1 The GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 Fall 1973

2 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Volume 6 Published by the Michigan Entomological Society 1973 No. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS An Annotated List of the Cerambycidae of Michigan (Coleoptera) Part I, Introduction and the Subfamilies Parandrinae, Prioninae, Spondylinae, Aseminae, and Cerambycinae D. C. L. Gosling A List of the Tenebrionidae of Michigan (Coleoptera) T. J. Spilman A Milliped New to Michigan (Pselaphognatha: Polyxenus) James R. Brice and Michael T. Barbour Book Reviews COVER ILLUSTRATION A mating pair of Tetraopes fernoratus LeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Photograph by James L. Strayer. Determination by David C. L. Gosling. Vol. 6, No. 2 of The Great Lakes Entomologist was mailed on June 28, 1973.

3 THE MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OFFICERS President President-Elect Executive Secretary Editor Richard C. Fleming Robert W. Husband M. C. Nielsen Irving J. Cantrall The Michigan Entomological Society traces its origins to the old Detroit Entomological Society and was organized on 4 November 1954 to "... promote the science of entomology in all its branches and by all feasible means, and to advance cooperation and good fellowship among persons interested in entomology." The Society attempts to facilitate the exchange of ideas and information in both amateur and professional circles, and encourages the study of insects by youth. Membership in the Society, which serves the North Central States and adjacent Canada, is open to all persons interested in entomology. There are three paying classes of membership: Student (including those currently enrolled in college or graduate programs) - annual dues $2.00 Active - annual dues $4.00 Institutional - annual dues $6.00 Sustaining - annual contribution $25.00 or more Dues are paid on a calendar year basis (Jan. 1 - Dec. 3 1) Memberships accepted before July 1 shall begin on the preceding January 1; memberships accepted at a later date shall begin the following January 1 unless the earlier date is requested and the required dues are paid. All members in good standing receive the Newsletter of the Society, published quarterly. All Active and Sustaining Members may vote in Society affairs. All dues and contributions to the Society are deductible for Federal income tax purposes. SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION Institutions and organizations, as well as individuals not desiring the benefits of membership,may subscribe to The GreatLakes Entomologist at the rate of $6.00 per volume. The journal is published quarterly; subscriptions are accepted only on a volume (4 issue) basis. Single copies of The Great Lakes Entomologist are available at $1.75 each, with a 20 per cent discount for 25 or more copies sent to a single address. MICROFILM EDITION: Positive microfilm copies of the current volume of The Great Lakes Entomologist will be available at nominal cost, to members and bona fide subscribers of the paper edition only, at the end of each volume year. Please address all orders and inquiries to University Microfilms, Inc., 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M~chigan 48106, USA. Inquiries about back numbers, subscriptions and Society business should be directed to the Executive Secretary, Michigan Entomological Society, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA. Manuscripts and related correspondence should be directed to the Editor (see inside back cover). 1973, The Michigan EntomologicaI Society

4 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE CERAMBYCIDAE OF MICHIGAN (COLEOPTERA) PART I, INTRODUCTION AND THE SUBFAMII-IES PARANDRINAE, PRIONINAE, SPONDY LINAE, ASEMINAE, AND CERAMBYCINAE D. C. L. Gosling White Pigeon, Michigan The Cerambycidae are generally acknowledged as one of the most popular families of Coleoptera, and it is not surprising that they have been collected widely in Michigan. Andrews (1916, 1921, 1929), Hatch (1924), Hubbard and Schwarz (1878), and Wickham (1895), included Cerambycidae in published lists of insects from various localities in the state. The present list, however, is the first to include records of collections made throughout Michigan. Some regions of the state have been rather thoroughly collected, particularly the southeastern counties. Collecting throughout Michigan has been sufficient to consider this list as essentially complete, although continued studies in the southwestern Lower Peninsula and the western Upper Peninsula will undoubtedly add a few species to the records. The present list is based upon specimens in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ), the Entomology Museum of Michigan State University (MSUC), my own collection (DCLG), and specimens that have been loaned to me by various individual collectors. The extensive collections of Michigan Coleoptera formed by A. W. Andrews and R. R. Dreisbach have been distributed among both university museums, and account for the major part of our records of Michigan Cerambycidae. Distribution data for each species are based upon county records, and are shown in Figures A few species of very limited known distribution have not been plotted in figures. Dates are given for the earliest and latest collections of adults of each species in the state. It should be noted, however, that the early dates of some species may be for adults emerging from firewood stored inside buildings, and not representative of the normal beginning of their flight period. Brief annotations for each species include recorded host plants and the habits of larvae and adults. For more complete information on the biology of these species, reference should be made to the publications by Craighead (1923), Knull (1946), and Linsley (1961, 1962, 1962a, 1963, 1964). Keys for the identification of adults of the subfamilies Parandrinae, Prioninae, Spondylinae, and Aseminae, can be found in Linsley (1962), and for adults of the subfamily Cerambycinae in Linsley (1962a, 1963, 1964). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr. I. J. Cantrall, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, for the encouragement and assistance he has given me in the collection and study of Cerambycidae and in the preparation of this list. I also thank Dr. Cantrall and Dr. T. H. Hubbell, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, and Dr. R. L. Fischer, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, for access to the collections under their care. I have been assisted by the donation or loan of specimens of Michigan Cerambycidae by a number of collectors, including Dr. R. W. Hodges, Mr. R. D. Ward, Miss N. M. Wells, and Mr. D. K. Young. Family CERAMBYCIDAE Subfamily PARANDRINAE Genus PARANDRA Latreille bmnnea brunnea (Fabricius) (Fig. 2). July 14 to September 21. Larvae feed in the decayed heartwood of a great variety of hardwoods and may attack moist structural timber. This species may cause severe injury to living trees of which the heartwood has been exposed. Adults may be found around logs in moist situations, or chopped from decayed logs and cavities in trees.

5 66 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 MICHIGAN Scole ol K.lmr UHHL-,957~ WLB Fig. 1. The counties of the State of Michigan. Subfamily PRIONINAE Genus ORTHOSOMA Audinet-Serville brunneum (Forster) (Fig. 3). June 16 to September 28. Larvae feed in a variety of decayed hardwoods and conifers and may attack moist structural timber. Adults are frequently attracted to lights.

6 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 67 ~ a parandra brunnea brunnea Orthosoma brunneum l a Prionus pocularis 1 a Tragosoma depsarius Genus PRIONUS Geoffroy laticollis (Drury) Andrews (1916) recorded this species from the Charity Islands, but his specimen is Prionus pocularis (UMMZ). The only Michigan record is a single specimen from Ingham County, August 23 (MSUC). It is possible that this is an accidental introduction, and that this species does not occur otherwise in the state. The larvae feed in the roots of living hardwoods, including fruit trees, shrubs, and grape vines, and might be introduced with nursery stock. Adults are attracted to lights. pocularis Dalman (Fig. 4). May 23 to August 15. Larvae feed in decayed pine logs and stum~s and pupate in the soil. Adults are attracted to lights.

7 68 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 Genus TRAGOSOMA Audinet-Serville depsarius (Linnaeus) (Fig. 5). June 22 to August 1. Larvae feed in the decayed sapwood of pine. Subfamily SPONDYLINAE Genus SPONDYLIS Fabricius upiformis Mannerheim (Fig. 6). June 12 to July 25. Larvae are thought to feed in the roots of conifers. Adults are diurnal. Subfamily ASEMlNAE Genus ARHOPALUS Audinet-Serville foveicollis (Haldeman) (Fig. 7). June 18 to August 12. Larvae feed in the bases of dead conifers. Adults are attracted to lights. rusticus obsoletus (Randall) (Fig. 8). June 21 to August 23. Habits of larvae and adults are similar to the preceding species. Genus ASEMUM Eschscholtz striatum (Linnaeus) (Fig. 9). May 4 to July 31. Larvae feed in recently dead pine trees, and in fresh pine logs and stumps. Adults are diurnal, and also are occasionally attracted to lights. Genus TETROPIUM Kuby cinnamoptemm cinnamoptemm Kuby (Fig. 10). June 19 to July 29. Larvae feed beneath the bark of living and recently dead conifers. Adults have been collected on fresh pine logs at night. schwarzianum Casey (Fig. 10). June 27 to July 16. Habits of this species are unknown but are probably similar to the preceding species. Genus ATIMIA Haldeman confusa confusa (Say) (Fig. 11). June 20 to August 13. Larvae feed in recently dead juniper. Spondylis upiformis 4 Arhapalus faveicollis

8 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 69 I Arhopalus rusticus objoletuj 1 a Asemum striatum FIG. 9 Tetropium cinnamopterum cinnamopterum 1 a A Tetropium jchwarzianum I a Atimia confusa confusa FIG. li Subfamily CERAMBYClNAE Genus SMODICUM Haldeman cucujiforme (Say) (Fig. 12). July 2 to September 3. Larvae feed in the dry heartwood of a variety of hardwoods. Adults are frequently attracted to lights. Genus OEME Newman rigida rigida (Say) Collected in St. Joseph County, July 4 (DCLG). Larvae feed in dead juniper.

9 70 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 Genus EBURIA Audinet-Serville quadrigeminata (Say) (Fig. 13). June 27 to August 23. Larvae feed in the dry heartwood of a variety of hardwoods. Occasionally larvae survive in seasoned lumber where their development may be retarded for twenty years or more. The handsome adults attract considerable attention when they emerge from furniture, preceded by quantities of sawdust. Adults are attracted to lights. Genus TYLONOTUS Haldeman bimaculatus Haldeman (Fig. 14). June 14 to August 12. Larvae of this species infest living ash, privet, and other hardwoods, severely damaging or killing the host plant. Adults are attracted to lights. Eburia quadrigeminata FIG Tylonotus birnacuiatus 1 4 Hesperophanes pubescens

10 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST a 4 Purpur~cenus humeralls Knuillana cincta cincta Genus HESPEROPHANES Mulsant pubescens (Haldeman) (Fig. 15). July 20 to August 12. Habits of the larvae are unknown. Adults are attracted to lights. Genus PURPURICENUS Dejean humeralis (Fabricius) (Fig. 16). June 23 to August 10. Larvae feed in the dead branches of a variety of hardwoods. Genus KNULLIANA Linsley cincta cincta (Drury) (Fig. 17). June 4 to July 20. Larvae feed in the dead branches of a variety of hardwoods. Adults are attracted to lights. Batyle suturalis suturalis 4 Psyrassa unicoior FIG. 18 FIG. 19

11 72 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 Genus BATYLE Thomson suturalis suturalis (Say) (Fig. 18). June 10 to September 10. Larvae feed in the dead, small branches of oak, chestnut, and hickory. Adults are common on flowers, especially those of wild carrot. Genus PSYRASSA Pascoe unicolor (Randall) (Fig. 19). June 13 to August 15. Larvae are twig-pruners, attacking a variety of hardwoods. Adults are attracted to lights, pertenuis (Casey) Collected in Oakland County, July 8 (UMMZ). Habits are unknown but presumably similar to the preceding species. Genus STENOSPHENUS Haldeman notatus (Oliver) (Fig. 20). June 12 to September 9. Larvae feed in the dead branches of hickory and hackberry. Genus ENAPHALODES Haldeman hispicornis (Linnaeus) (Fig. 21). July 14 to 17. Larvae feed in oak. rufulus (Haldeman) (Fig. 22). July 17 to August 28. Larvae feed in the trunks of living oak trees. Adults are attracted to lights. atomarius (Drury) (Fig. 23). May 4 to September 12. Larvae feed in stumps or the bases of a variety of dead hardwoods. cortiphagus (Craighead) (Fig. 21). July 26 (UMMZ). Larvae feed beneath the bark of living oak trees. Genus ELAPHIDION Audinet-Serville mucronatum (Say) (Fig. 24). June 28 to August 3. Larvae feed in the dead branches of hardwoods. Adults are attracted to lights. Genus ELAPHIDIONOIDES Linsley villosus (Fabricius) (Fig. 25). April 9 to August 23. Larvae are twig-pruners attacking a variety of hardwoods. Adults are frequently attracted to lights. / Stenosphenus 1 notatus 4' Enaphaldes hiipicornis A Enaphaldes cortiphagus FIG. 20 FIG. 21

12 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 73 1 & Enaphalodes rufulus I Enaphaldes atornariui 1 & Elaphidion rnucronatum I a Elaphidionoides villosus FIG 25 parallelus (Newman) (Fig. 26). April 22 to August 1. Habits are very similar to the preceding species. aspersus (Haldeman) (Fig. 27). May 15 to August 5. Larvae feed in the outer bark of oak and hickory. Adults are attracted to lights. Genus ANELAPHUS Linsley pumilus (Newman) (Fig. 28). May 31 to June 27. Larvae reed in oak, hickory, and other hardwoods. Adults are attracted to lights. Genus MICRANOPLIUM Linsley unicolor (Haldeman) (Fig. 29). May 10 to July 28. Habits of the larvae are unknown. Adults are attracted to lights.

13 74 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No Elaphidionoides parallelus Elaphidionoides aspersus Anelaphus pumilus I I a Micranoplium unicolor Genus HETERACHTHES Newman pallidus Haldeman (Fig. 30). June 29 to July 30. Larvae feed in dead hickory and tulip poplar. Adults are attracted to lights. Genus OBRIUM Dejean mfulum Gahan (Fig. 31). July 3 to August 10. Larvae feed in the dead branches of ash. Adults are attracted to lights. rnaculatum (Olivier) Collected in Oakland County, June 26 to August 2. Larvae feed in the dead branches of hardwoods.

14 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Genus LAMPROPTERUS Mulsant ruficollis (LeConte) Collected in Oakland County, June 30 (UMMZ). This is apparently an accidental occurrence of this species which is normally found on the Pacific coast. Genus MOLORCHUS Fabricius bimaculatus bimaculatus Say (Fig. 32). May 13 to July 27. Larvae feed in the small branches of shrubs and hardwoods. Adults are common on the flowers of trees and shrubs. Genus CALLIMOXYS Kraatz sanguinicollis sanguinicollis (Oliver) (Fig. 33). May 4 to July 26. Adults may be found on the flowers of Cornus, Ceanothus, and other trees and shrubs. l a Heterachthes pallidus FIG. 31 I Molorchus birnaculatus birnaculatus 1 I a Callirnoxys sanguinicollis sanguinicollis FIG. 33 jp.t"

15 76 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 Genus DRYOBIUS LeConte sexnotatus Linsley Collected in Berrien County, July 20 to August 6 (UMMZ). This rare and beautiful species is associated with the beech-maple forest, where the larvae feed in dead beech, maple, elm, and linden. Adults have been found beneath loose bark on infested trees. Genus PRONOCERA Motschulsky collaris collaris (Kirby) (Fig. 34). June 27 to July 27. Adults have been collected from the foliage of poplar and willow, although the larvae feed in the dead branches of pine and spruce. Genus HYLOTRUPES Audinet-Serville bajulus (Linnaeus) Collected in Wayne County, June 8 to July 12. This species has been introduced from the Old World. The larvae feed in dead conifers and are known to attack seasoned structural timber. Genus SEMANOTUS Mulsant ligneus ligneus (Fabricius) (Fig. 35). May to June 10. The larvae feed in juniper and arborvitae. Genus MERIELLUM Linsley proteus (Kirby) This boreal species was recorded from Chippewa County by A. W. Andrews (1921). I have not seen his specimen, but this species should occur in the Upper Peninsula and I believe it is a valid record. Genus CALLIDIUM Mulsant violaceurn (Linnaeus) (Fig. 36). July 29 and 30 (UMMZ). Larvae feed beneath the bark of dead pine and spruce. antennaturn antennaturn Newman (Fig. 36). April 10 to July 4. Larvae feed in the dead branches of pine. frigidurn Casey (Fig. 37). May 26 to June 22. Larvae feed in the dead branches of juniper. p-y PronDtera collaris coliaris I / Sernanotus ligneus ligneus FIG. 35

16 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 77 Callidium antennatum antennatum A Callidium violaceum 1 a Callidium frigidum 1 a Phymatodes varius a Phymatodes amoenus I FIG. 39 Genus PHYMATODES Mulsant J!?&E$p-J varius (Fabricius) (Fig. 38). May 16 to July 10. Larvae feed beneath the bark of dead oak and hickory. amoenus (Say) (Fig. 39). April 26 to August 5. Larvae feed in dead grape vines. dirnidiatus (Kirby) (Fig. 40). May 28 to July 22. Larvae feed in dead spruce, hemlock, and larch. testaceus (Linnaeus) (Fig. 41). April 26 to July 12. Larvae feed beneath the bark of a variety of dead conifers and hardwoods. aereus inewman) (Fig. 42). June 28 to July 12. Larvae feed beneath the bark of dead oak and chestnut. maculicollis LeConte The type locality of this species is Isle Royale. I have not seen any examples of this species in the collections I have studied. The larvae feed in the b~anches of dead fir.

17 7 8 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 I a Phyrnatades dirnidiatus 1 Phymatodes testaceus I a Phymatodes aereus I a Physocnemum brevilineum Genus PHYSOCNEMUM Haldeman brevilineum (Say) (Fig. 43). May 9 to August 25. Larvae feed in the outer bark of living elm. Adults may be collected from the trunks of infested trees. violaceipenne Hamilton Collected in Washtenaw County, August 10 (UMMZ). Larvae feed in the dead branches of white oak. Genus MEGACYLLENE Casey robiniae (Forster) (Fig. 44). June 30 to October 15. Adults of this species are often abundant on the flowers of goldenrod, and are the only common Cerambycidae in Michigan whose flight period extends into early autumn. The larvae feed in living black locust and frequently cause severe damage.

18 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 79 Megacyllene robiniae 4 Megacyilene caryae L I I I caryae (Gahan) (Fig. 45). April 4 to June 16. Larvae feed in hickory, walnut, and other hardwoods. Adults may emerge in great numbers from firewood stored in buildings, often alarming unsuspecting homeowners. Genus GLYCOBIUS LeConte speciosus (Say) (Fig. 46). June 17 to July 28. The larvae feed in living maple, often killing branches or small trees. The adults are strikingly handsome but rarely collected in Michigan. Genus CALLOIDES LeConte nobilis nobilis (Harris) (Fig. 47). June 4 to July 30. Larvae feed in the bases of recently dead ash, oak, and chestnut, eventually boring into the roots. 4 Calloides nobilis nobilis

19 80 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 Genus SAROSESTHES Thomson fulminans (Fabricius) (Fig. 48). April 21 to July 28. Larvae feed in dead oak and other hardwoods. Genus XYLOTRECHUS Chevrolat sagittatus sagittatus (Germar) (Fig. 49). July 2 to September 14. Larvae feed in dead pine and other conifers. colonus (Fabricius) (Fig. 50). May 27 to September 15. Larvae feed in a great variety of dead hardwoods. This species is commonly collected, often emerging in great numbers from stored firewood. annosus annosus (Say) (Fig. 51). May 30 to July 8. Larvae feed in dying or recently dead poplar and willow. 1 a ' 4 Xylotrechus sagitlatus sagittatus Sarosesthes fulminans a Xylotrechus colanus I a Xylotrechus annosus annosus

20 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 8 1 undulatus (Say) (Fig. 52). June 9 to August 26. Larvae feed in dead pine and spruce. convergens LeConte Collected in Ingham County, June 20 and 21 (MSUC). Larvae feed in the heartwood of dead hawthorn, quadrimaculatus (Haldeman) Collected in Oakland County, July 28 (MSUC). Larvae are branch-pruners that attack living birch, beech, and other hardwoods, sometimes severing branches from one to two inches thick. aceris Fisher (Fig. 53). July 24 to August. Larvae feed in the trunks of living maple. Genus NEOCLYTUS Thomson scutellaris (Olivier) Collected in Oakland County, July 10 (MSUC). Larvae feed in dead oak, hickory, elm, and grape. Xylotrechus undulatus 14 Xylotrechus aceris FIG. 52

21 82 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 mucronatus mucronatus (Fabricius) Collected in Oakland County, July 10 (MSUC). Larvae feed in dead hickory. acuminatus acuminatus (Fabricius) (Fig. 54). May 25 to August 12. Larvae feed in a great variety of hardwoods. muricatulus muricatulus (Kirby) (Fig. 55). June 2 to August 3. Larvae feed in dead spruce and larch. caprea (Say) (Fig. 56). June 12 to June 20. Larvae feed in recently dead ash, hickory, oak, and other hardwoods. Genus CLYTUS Laichxting ruricola (Olivier) (Fig. 57). May 10 to August 9. Lxvae feed in decayed maple and other hardwoods. Adults may be collected from the flowers of Cornus, Rubus, and other trees and shrubs. Neoclyius caprea I Clyius ruricola - Cyrtophorus verrucosus & Microclyius gazelluia A Microclytus compressicollis FIG. 58 FIG. 59

22 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 8 3 Genus CYRTOPHORUS LeConte verrucosus (Olivier) (Fig. 58). May 7 to July 31. Adults of this species are often the first Cerambycidae to be seen in the spring, when they are frequently found on the flowers of Arnelanchier and other early-blooming trees and shrubs. The larvae feed in a great variety of dead hardwoods. Genus MICROCLYTUS LeConte gazellula (Haldeman) (Fig. 59). May 1 to June 10. Larvae feed in the outer bark of living oak and hickory. compressicollis (Castelnau and Gory) (Fig. 59). June 11 to 26. Habits of this species are unknown. Genus EUDERCES LeConte picipes picipes (Fabricius) (Fig. 60). May 22 to July 29. Larvae feed in the dead branches of a variety of hardwoods. Adults are common on the flowers of Ceanothus, Rosa, and many trees, shrubs, and other plants. Genus RHOPALOPHORA Audinet-Serville longipes longipes (Say) (Fig. 61). June 19 to July 5. Larvae feed in small dead branches of redbud. 4 Euderces piclpes picipes I Rhopalophora longipes longipes LITERATURE CITED Andrews, A. W (list of Cerambycidae), p , in: Results of the Mershon Expedition to the Charity Islands, Lake Huron: Coleoptera. Mich. Geol. & Biol. Surv., Publ. 20: Andrews, A. W (list of Cerambycidae), p , in: The Coleoptera of the Shiras Expedition to Whitefish Point, Chippewa County, Michigan. Papers Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts, & Letters, 1: Andrews, A. W (list of Cerambycidae), p , in: List of some of the insects found at Huron Mountain (Marquette Co., Mich.), p , in: B. H. Christy, ed. The Book of Huron Mountain. Chicago.

23 84 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 Craighead, F. C North American cerambycid larvae. Dom. Can. Agr. Bull. 27: 239 P. Hatch, Melville H (list of Cerambycidae), p , in: A List of Coleoptera from Charlevoix County, Michigan. Papers Mich. Acad. Sci., kts and Letters, 4: Hubbard, H. G. & Schwarz, E. A (list of Cerambycidae), p. 659, in: The Coleoptera of Michigan (With descriptions of new species by John L. LeConte, M.D.). Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 17: Knull, Josef N The long-horned beetles of Ohio. Ohio Biol. Surv., Bull. 39: Linsley, E. G The Cerambycidae of North America, Part I, Introduction. Univ. Cal. Publ. in Entomol. 18: 135 p. Linsley, E. G The Cerambycidae of North America, Part 11, Taxonomy and classification of the Parandrinae, Prioninae, Spondylinae, and Aseminae. Univ. Cal. Publ. in Entomol. 19: 103 p. Linsley, E. G. 1962a. The Cerambycidae of North America, Part 111, Taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Cerambycinae, tribes Opsimini through Megaderini. Univ. Cal. Publ. in Entomol. 20: 188 p. Linsley, E. G The Cerambycidae of North America,, Part IV, Taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Cerambycinae, tribes Elaphidionini through Rhinotragini. Univ. Cal. Publ. in Entomol. 21: 165 p. Linsley, E. G The Cerambycidae of North America, Part V, Taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Cerarnbycinae, tribes Callichromini through Ancylocerini. Univ. Cal. Publ. in Entomol. 22: 197 p. Wickham, H. F (list of Cerambycidae), p , in: A List of Coleoptera from the southern shore of Lake Superior. Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., 6:

24 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST A LIST OF THE TENEBRIONIDAE OF MICHIGAN (COLEOPTERA) T. J. Spilman Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Departmeni of Agriculture, Washington, D.c.~ The family Tenebrionidae, the darkling beetles, containing more than 14,000 species, is found primarily in the tropics and arid regions. As would therefore be expected, Michigan's cool, moist environment is not attractive to very many tenebrionids. This list contains 50 identified species and six previously recorded species that were not confirmed by me. Previously 45 species of Tenebrionidae had been recorded in Michigan in various lists. I have not attempted to find all literature records, but I have seen the principal faunal lists of Coleoptera. The three areas of the state, Lower Peninsula, Upper Peninsula, and Isle Royale, are used here to summarize previous lists. In the Lower Peninsula, Hubbard and Schwarz (1878b) recorded 32 species, Townsend (1889) recorded three species, Andrews (1916) recorded 21 species from the Charity Islands (Arenac County) in the mouth of Saginaw Bay, and Hatch (1924) recorded 11 species from Charlevoix County. In the Upper Peninsula, Hubbard and Schwarz (1878a) recorded 16 species from the Lake Superior area, and Andrews (1923) recorded 13 species from Whitefish Point. On Isle Royale, Adams (1909) recorded one species. After duplications in these lists are accounted for, the Lower Peninsula had 34 species, the Upper Peninsula had 25, Isle Royale, of course, had only one, and the whole state had 45. Of the 45 species, six are not recorded in my list; those six are discussed in the Appendix. In my list of 50 identified species, 46 occur in the Lower Peninsula, 26 occur in the Upper Peninsula, none is recorded from Isle Royale, and one species had only a state label on the specimen. This list is based on specimens I have examined from the following institutions: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, lent by Richard D. Alexander; Michigan State University, East Lansing, lent by Roland L. Fischer and the late R. R. Dreisbach; U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. In addition to!locality records from my identifications, I have included localities published by C. A. Triplehorn in his 1965 revision of the Diaperini. DISTRIBUTIONAL DATA The basic unit of distributional information is the county. Counties are numbered by tiers, beginning in the southwestern corner of the state. The counties in the Lower Peninsula are numbered from 10 to 113, those in the Upper Peninsula from 200 to 214, and Isle Royale 300. The system permits condensation of data and, after a little familiarity, easy visualization of county position in the state by its number alone (see Fig. 1). The numbering of the counties is as follows: 10-Berrien 25-Wayne 44-Shiawassee 11-Cass 30-Allegan 45-Genesee 12-St. Joseph 31-Barry 46-Lapeer 13-Branch 32-Eaton 47-St. Clair 14-Hillsdale 33-Ingham 50-Muskegon 15 -Lenawee 34-Livingston 51-Montcalm 16-Monroe 35 -Oakland 52-Gratiot 20-Van Buren 36-Macomb 53-Saginaw 21-Kalamazoo 40-Ottawa 54-Tuscola 22-Calhoun 41-Kent 55 -Sanilac 23-Jackson 42-Ionia 60-Oceana 24-Washtenaw 43-Clinton 61 -Newaygo l~ailin~ address: Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C

25 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 Fig. 1. The counties of the State of Michigan indicated by numbers. For explanation, see text page Arenac 80-Manistee 8 1 -Wexford 82-Missaukee 83-Roscommon 84-Ogemaw 85-IOSCO 90-Benzie 91 -Grand Traverse 92-Kalkaska

26 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 112-Cheboygan 113 -Presque Isle 200-Gogebic 201-0ntonagon 202-Houghton 203-Keweenaw Subfamily ASIDINAE Tribe ZOPHERINI Genus PHELLOPSIS LeConte obcordata (Kirby) July 5 to September 16. Habitat: under bark of dead trees. Subfamily TENEBRIONINAE Tribe PEDININI Genus BLAPSTINUS Dejean The species are often found in debris on ground, also in grasses. Some species in other parts of the United States occasionally build up in great numbers and damage truck crops. metallicus (Fabricius) April 24 to September 3. moestus Melsheimer July 24. Tribe BOLITOPHAGINI Genus BOLITOTHERUS Candkze cornutus (Panzer) April 5 to September 26 (Liles, 1956, found adults in all months; the adult overwinters.). Habitat: in, on, or near bracket fungi, which are the sporophores of polyporoid fungi; Ganoderma applanatum (Persoon) is the most common host. Life history studies have been published by Liles, 1956, and Pace, Genus BOLITOPHAGUS Illiger corticola (Say) April 15 to September 29. Habitat: in woody fungus or under bark of dead trees. Genus ELEATES Casey depressus (Randall) June 28 to July 29. Habitat: in woody fungus or under bark of dead trees. Tribe RHIPIDANDRINI Genus RHIPIDANDRUS LeConte paradoxus (Palisot) No collecting dates. Habitat: usually in fungi attached to dead trees. Tribe DIAPERINI Genus DIAPERIS Miiller maculata Olivier April 17 to September 26. Habitat: in fungus. Genus NEOMIDA Latreille bicornis (Fabricius) March 23 to October 23. Habitat: in fungi on old tree stumps. This species and other

27 88 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 members of the genus appeared under the generic name Hoplocephala Laporte and Brullb until Triplehorn (1965: 374) discovered that Neomida was the older name. Genus PLATYDEMA Laporte and Bmllb The species of this genus are usually found in fungi, most commonly in fungi on dead trees; they are also found under the bark of dead trees. americanum Laporte and Brullb May 30 to October. ellipticum (Fabricius). 24. No collecting date. excavatum (Say) April 9 to October 23. picilabrum Melsheimer May 25. ruficorne (Sturm) April 4 to October 23. subcostatum Laporte and Brullb May 1 to October 2. teleops Triplehorn April 4 to September 5. Genus SCAPHIDEMA Redtenbacher aeneolum (LeConte) No collecting dates. Habitat: usually under bark of dead trees. Genus PENTAPHYLLUS Dejean paliidus LeConte July 22 to August. Habitat: usually under bark of dead trees. Tribe ULOMINI Genus CYNAEUS LeConte angustus (LeConte). (Larger black flour beetle.) May 18 to July 26. This species is often a pest of dried stored food products; it is also found under bark of dead trees. Genus LATHETICUS Waterhouse oryzae Waterhouse. (Longheaded flour beetle.) 25. No collecting dates. This species is usually a pest of dried stored food products. It is found in many parts of the world. Genus TRIBOLIUM MacLeay audax Halstead. (American black flour beetle.) June 14 to July 7. Habitat: often a pest of dried stored food products; also under bark, in leaf mold under logs, and in beehives. This species was formerly known as T. madens (Carpentier), but the latter does not occur in the United States. All former records of T. madens in North America apply to T. audax. castaneum (Herbst). (Red flour beetle.) February 1 to July 30. Habitat: usually a pest of dried stored food products; also under bark of dead trees. It occurs in many parts of the world. confusum Jacquelin Duval. (Confused flour beetle.) January, April to July, October, December. Habitat: usually a pest of dried stored food products; also under bark of dead trees. It occurs in many parts of the world. Genus DIOEDUS LeConte punctatus LeConte. 25. August. Habitat: under bark of dead trees. Genus PALORUS Mulsant ratzeburgi (Wissmann). (Smalleyed flour beetle.) 70. July. Habitat: usually a pest of dried stored food products. It is found in many parts of the world.

28 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Genus ULOMA Dejean The species are usually found under the bark of dead trees. imberbis LeConte. 25. April 20 to May 30. imprcssa Melsheimer April 10 to October. mentalis Horn April 22 to July 23. punctulata LeConte June 8 to July 22, Genus ALPHITOBIUS Dejean diaperinus (Panzer). (Lesser mealworm.) May 2 to June 27. This species is usually a pest of dried stored food products. It is found in many parts of the world. Genus CORTICEUS Piller and Mitterpacher parallelus (Melsheimer) June 21. Habitat: under bark of dead trees, usually in galleries of Scolytidae. The generic name Hypophloeus Fabricius was used in old catalogues. Tribe TENEBRIONINI Genus CENTRONOPUS Solier calcaratus (Fabricius) June 15 to October 11. Habitat: under bark of dead trees. The generic name Scotobates was used until recently. Genus MERINUS LeConte Iaevis (Olivier) April 20 to September 21. Habitat: under bark of dead trees. Genus XYLOPINUS LeConte The species are usually found under the bark of dead trees. aenescens LeConte. 60. July 7. saperdioides (Olivier) April 14 to September 14. Genus HAPLANDRUS LeConte The species are found under the bark of dead trees. concolor LeConte May 30 to August 1. fulvipes (Herbst) July 11 to August 11. Genus IPHTHINUS Truqui opacus LeConte April 5 to September 25. Habitat: under bark of dead trees. Genus ALOBATES Motschulsky The species are found under bark of dead or dying hardwood trees. morio (Fabricius) July 8 to July 26. This species is usually known as Alobates barbata (Knoch). Blair (1914:487) showed that its correct name is morio. pennsylvanicus (DeGeer) April4 to November 12.

29 90 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 Genus UPIS Fabricius ceramboides (Linnaeus) May 1 to October 26. Habitat: under bark of dead trees. Genus IDIOBATES Casey castaneus (Knoch) May 23 to September 3. Habitat: under bark of dead trees. Genus TENEBRIO Linnaeus molitor Linnaeus. (Yellow mealworm.) April 15 to August 17. Habitat: usually a pest of dried stored food products; also under bark of dead trees. It occurs in many parts of the world. Genus NEATUS LeConte tenebrioides (Palisot) April 5 to September 1. Habitat: under bark of dead trees. This species has often been included in the genus Tenebrio and has often been considered a synonym of N. picipes (Herbst), a palearctic species. Genus BIUS Mulsant estriatus (LeConte) June 29. Habitat: under bark of dead trees. Tribe HETEROTARSINI Genus PARATENETUS Spinola The species are found under bark of dead trees and in plant debris. fuscus LeConte June to October. punctatus Spinola May to July 3. Tribe MERACANTHINI Genus MERACANTHA Kirby contracta (Palisot) May 15 to September 21. Habitat: under bark of dead trees. Tribe STRONGY LllNI Genus STRONGYLIUM Kirby The species are found under the bark of dead trees. tenuicolle (Say) June 9 to August 9. terminatum (Say) July 22. APPENDIX As stated in the introduction, most of the species in the foregoing list were recorded in previous Michigan lists. However, some of those species had been recorded under different generic and/or specific names. I have indicated recent synonymies; other synonymies will be found in the Leng Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. The following species appeared in previous lists but do not appear in my list: Blapstinus intewzrptus (Say), of the Pedinini, was recorded by Hubbard and Schwarz (1878a and 1878b) and Andrews (1916). I cannot separate this species from B. metallicus (F.) in my identifications. A generic revision will undoubtedly resolve this confusion.

30 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 91 Platydema flavipes (Fabricius), of the Diaperini, was recorded by Andrews (1916). Platydema laevipes Haldeman, of the Diaperini, was recorded by Andrews (1916). Gnatocems maxillosus (Fabricius), of the Ulomini, was recorded by Hubbard and Schwarz (1878b). This species is often a pest of dried stored food products; it is found in many parts of the world. Tenebrio obscurus Fabricius, of the Tenebrionini, was recorded by Hubbard and Schwarz (1878b) and Andrews (1916 and 1923). This species is usually a pest of stored dried food products; it is found in many parts of the world. Paratenetus gibbipennis Motschulsky, of the Heterotarsini, was recorded by Hubbard and Schwarz (1878b). LITERATURE CITED Adams, C. C The Coleoptera of Isle Royale, Lake Superior, and their relation to the North American centers of dispersal. (p , with p by A. B. Wolcott) In Adams' An ecological survey of Isle Royale, Lake Superior, 468 p., illus. (Rept. Bd. of Geol. Surv. for 1908.) Andrews, A. W Results of the Mershon Expedition to the Charity Islands, Lake Huron: Coleoptera. Mich. Geol. and Biol. Sum., Publ. 20, Biol. Ser. 4: The Coleoptera of the Shiras Expedition to Whitefish Point, Chippewa County, Michigan. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters, I, 1921[1923] : Hatch, M. H A list of Coleoptera from Charlevoix County, Michigan. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters, 4: Hubbard, H. G., and Schwarz, E. A. 1878a. List of the Coleoptera found in.the Lake Superior Region. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 17: b. Contribution to a list of the Coleoptera of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., 17: Liles, M. P A study of the life history of the forked fungus beetle, Bolitothems cornutus (F'anzer). Ohio J. Sci., 56(6): , illus. Pace, A. E Life history and behavior of a fungus beetle, Bolitothems cornutus (Tenebrionidae). Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool. Occ. Pap. 653:l-15. Townsend, T Contribution to a list of the Coleoptera of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Psyche, 5 : Triplehorn, C. A Revision of Diaperini of America north of Mexico with notes on extralimital species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Proc. United States Natl. Mus., 117: , illus.

31 92 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6. No. 3 James R. Brice and Michael T. ~arbourl Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan The authors wish to report the finding of representatives of the genus Polyxenus for the first time in Michigan (Fig. 1). In Bert M. Johnson's survey (1954) of the millipedes of Michigan, no members of the subclass Pselaphognatha were reported. During the period of September through October 1970, the authors collected over 40 specimens of Polyxenus and observed over 100 in the field. All of the specimens were found in a mature pine stand in Ypsilanti Township..The animals were typically located under the loose bark of fallen pine trees. One such log harbored over 70 specimens of this diminutive milliped. It is interesting to note that this particular log rested about eight inches above the floor of the woods and was quite dry to the touch; yet it was apparent from the number of exuviae and live specimens found that it had been colonized by Polyxenus for some time. This dry condition is certainly in contrast to the moist environment that is generally occupied by diplopods. We made several gut smears and found organic matter of an undetermined origin. Also found in the smears.were numerous gregarines in several stages of their life cycle. Schomann, in his excellent work on Polyxenus lagurus (1956), mentions these parasites as a common inhabitant of the gut. The animals were grayish-brown in color with distinctive white caudal bristles and were both immature and adult. Those specimens collected ranged in length from 1 mm to 4mm. These measurements are similar to those obtained by Bollman (1893). Each Fig. 1. Polyxenus in natural habitat. Il'resent addresses: 121 N. California Ave., Mundelein, Illinois and 918-A, N. Milwaukee Ave., Libertyville, Illinois

32 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Fig. 2. Body bristles on Polyxenus. Fig. 3. Different types of caudal bristles noted on Polyxenus.

33 94 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 6, No. 3 Fig. 4. Head of Polyxenus with antennae and vertigial crown. individual was profusely clad with bristles of a serrated type (Fig. 2) which were clumped on fleshy mounds laterally, and in rows dorsally. The caudal bristles were of several types as shown in Fig. 3. Pierce (1940) divides the instars of Polyxenus into various larval stages based upon the number of pairs of legs. The fist stage, upon hatching, has three pairs of legs. one pair per somite. The anamorphic development of Polyxerlus dictates the addition of two pairs of legs per diplosomite with each moult until the adult stage with thirteen pairs of legs is reached. The immature specimens had either five or nine pairs of legs. After a diligent search of the literature, the authors have reached the tentative conclusion that the specimens discovered may represent a hitherto undescribed species. The basis for this conclusion is the excessive length of the antennae which extend beyond the vertigial crown (Fig. 4) as well as six different types of caudal bristles, some of xvhich are not mentioned in the literature. LITERATURE CITED Bollman, C. H The Myriapods of North America. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 46. Johnson, B. M The Millipedes of Michigan. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters Pierce, D. W A rare Myriapod from Anacapa Island compared xvith two Texas species. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 29(2): Schomann, K Zur Biologie von Polyxenus lagunis L. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. 84(2-3):

34 1973 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 95 BOOK REVIEWS HEWITSON ON BUTTERFLIES William C. Hewitson. Hampton, Middlesex: E. W. Classey, [246] pp; various paginations. $ Distributed exclusively in North America by Entomological Reprint Specialists, Los Angeles, California. The English naturalist William C. Hewitson ( ) was trained as a surveyor, but various good fortunes enabled him to retire at an early age and devote his attention to the pursuit of natural history. His chief interests were entomology and ornithology, the classic British Oology (183342) being his major contribution to the latter field. Hewitson's publications on the Lepidoptera were numerous. His wealth allowed him to purchase large numbers of specimens, and he is said once to have paid three hundred and fifty guineas, an enormous sum at the time, for a single butterfly. In the tradition of James Petiver and Dru Drury, he urged persons to collect for him in various parts of the globe, and supported their efforts with ample financial reward. Hewitson was thus able to build an unparalleled private collection of diurnal Lepidoptera, and spent a great amount of his time in describing and illustrating new and rare species. He was, however, largely a "closet naturalist." J. W. Dunning's obituary in The Entomologist (1878:11, ) admitted that Hewitson's writings "contain little on the habits of the Rhopalocera he figured, little on classification or distribution.... For these reasons he cannot be placed in the first rank of entomologists; and in truth he never aimed to be more than a describer and faithful depicter of species discovered by others.... His figures, admirable as they are, are the figures of so many butterflies taken out of a drawer,-all wings, set out with provoking uniformity, no leg or palpus visible, no details of structure, without any idea of life: they seem to tell their own tale that they were painted by one who had never seen them in their native haunts, who knew them only as cabinet specimens." However, Hewitson's illustrations, especially those he furnished for The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera ( ) by Edward Doubleday and John 0. Westwood, and those in his own Illustrations of Exotic Butterflies ( ), contributed greatly to his reputation in the nineteenth century. Hewitson's collections, presented to the nation, are in the British Museum (Natural History). The present volume, another in E. W. Classey's reprint series of scarce entomological yorks, contains facsimiles of four of Hewitson's efforts, chiefly on tropical butterflies. These are Descriptions of One Hundred New Species of Hesperidae ( ); Descriptions of Some New Species of Lycaenidae (1868); Equatorial Lepidoptera Collected by Mr. Buckley ( ), and Bolivian Butterflies Collected by Mr. Buckley (1874). All can be considered rare, and as they contain over four hundred species descriptions, there is surely ample justification for a reprint edition. (Scholarly justification does not always seem to concern some reprint publishers, who too often are led by the lure of profits in this booming field to reissue volumes which might catch the eye of order librarians at universities, but which have little real value to research workers. The practice has led to lengthy lists of "available" titles which, often, could be more wisely purchased at lower prices in the secondhand book market, if indeed they should be purchased at all. Thankfully, the few publishers who produce entomological reprints have chosen their lists according to the sound criteria of value and scarcity, and E. W. Classey is an example for reprinters in other fields to emulate.) Hewitson on Butterflies is attractive and sturdy, and if the price seems high for the size, that is explained by the economics of specialized publishing; restricted sales mean small press runs and resulting higher cost per volume. There is a brief preface by L. G. Higgins which contains much useful information, but does not satisfy in all respects. There is precious little about Hewitson's life in it, and although that could be excused by the need for economy of space, we should expect at least the year of his birth, which can only be inferred from a statement that at the age of forty he became associated with Doubleday in the Genera ( ). TitIes of separate works mentioned in the preface are given inconsistently, either set off by quotation ma~ks or not differentiated at all; never are they in italics as one would expect them to be, although italics were available to the typesetter. The repeated use of "etc." in the preface is somewhat jarring. Although

35 9 6 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGlST Vol. 6, No. 3 half of the volume is devoted to publications on Buckley's specimens, Hewitson's tireless, efficient and colorful collector is not discussed in the preface; we are not even given his fust name (it was Clarence). Finally, a note indicating biographical and bibliographical sources would have aided the reader who might wish to know more about Hewitson. Ronald S. Wflkinson The Library of Congress Washington, D.C THE CADDIS FLIES, OR TRICHOPTERA, OF llllnols (1944). Herbert H. Ross, illustrated by C. 0. Mohr, K. M. Sommerman, and the author. Entomological Reprint Specialists, Los Angeles, California, unnumbered pages plus pp , figures plus frontispiece. Bound, $9.95. After its initial appearance in August, 1944, as Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, Vol. 23, Art. I, this work quickly became a classic. With the passage of time it has continued to gain in stature. The great expansion of interest in the Trichoptera, to which Dr. Ross calls attention in his preface to the reprint edition, has been stimulated to a significant degree, by The Caddis Flies of Illinois. Although the value of the bulletin to the systematic entomologist is obvious, much of its usefulness is to the student of aquatic ecosystems who, while often without training in insect taxonomy, iiids the accuracy and clarity of Ross's figures and descriptions intelligible. A generation of fishery biologists and water quality specialists has come to rely on them. A helpful feature of the reprint edition is Ross's listing, in the prefatory note, of names of some of the world's Inore actively publishing trichopterists, and the citation of Fisher's bulky, still ongoing Trichopterorum Catalogus. These references will assist the serious student in bridging the three-decade time gap. Entornological Reprint Specialists is to be commended for making this work o ne more readily available. Appearing, as it does, in hard binding, the price is reasonable. Justin W. Leonard School of Natural Resources and Museum of Zoology The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan