NESS DISTRICT SALMON FISHERY BOARD

Transcription

1 NESS DISTRICT SALMON FISHERY BOARD 2017 Annual Report Including Accounts to Year Ending 15 May

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3 Contents Contents... i Acronyms and Abbreviations... ii Foreword... 1 About Us... 2 Our Team... 3 The Ness System... 4 What We Do... 6 Key 2017 Operational Statistics... 7 Latest Catch Statistics... 8 Latest Fish Counter Data Fisheries Monitoring Fisheries Management Pacific Pink Salmon Conservation Regulations Fisheries Enforcement Fisheries Development Wild Fisheries Reform Compliance with Good Governance Obligations Key Priorities for the Forthcoming Year Financial Summary i

4 Acronyms and Abbreviations ASFB AMBER CAR CL DAFOR DSFB FIA FMP FMS HPAW IAC ICES IFM INNPS MH MFTI MSS MSW NASCO NBFT PAW RAFTS RLI RSPB SAC SC SEPA SG SISI SNH SNPs SSE SSSI SW THC UHI WFR Association of Salmon Fishery Boards Adaptive Management of Barriers in European Rivers Controlled Activities Regulations Conservation Limit Dominant, Abundant, Frequent, Occasional, Rare District Salmon Fishery Board Fisheries Impact Assessment Fisheries Management Plan Fisheries Management Scotland Highland Partnership Against Wildlife Crime Inverness Angling Club International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Institute of Fisheries Management Invasive Non-Native Plant Species Marine Harvest Moray Firth Trout Initiative Marine Scotland Science Multi Sea Winter North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organisation Ness and Beauly Fisheries Trust Partnership Against Wildlife Crime Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of Scotland Rivers and Lochs Institute Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Special Area of Conservation Scottish Canals Scottish Environment Protection Agency Scottish Government Scottish Invasive Species Initiative Scottish Natural Heritage Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Scottish and Southern Energy Site of Special Scientific Interest Scottish Water The Highland Council University of the Highlands and Islands Wild Fisheries Reform ii

5 Foreword CHAIRMAN Another year comes to an end with new challenges and opportunities emerging. Once again, our team has done an outstanding job in tackling the myriad tasks thrown at them through what has been an extremely busy year. The Scottish Governments Wild Fisheries Reform process has now moved down its legislative agenda. Looking at the positives, dialogue between Boards has increased and the challenges that we all face, particularly the financial challenges, are now clearly on the table for all to see. We will continue to work constructively with government, or indeed with any agency whose aims are potentially to the benefit of our wild salmon. Our Garry Restoration Programme is now entering its most exciting year yet with fish ready to strip. This is a ground-breaking programme which I strongly believe shows what collaboration between all those who have a real stake in preserving the future of wild salmon can achieve - irrespective of what may be seen as opposing agendas. The big news on the river was the arrival of a significant run of Pacific humpback (or pink) salmon. That they survived to spawn and produce viable offspring is, due to Chris and his team s excellent work, undeniable. What the future holds for them is more uncertain. I cannot end without repeating my concerns for the future. Anyone who is watching David Attenborough s outstanding Blue Planet Two programme must be concerned to hear and see how our marine environment is under stress. What can we do look after our salmon while they are under our guardianship in the river. Michael Martin Chairman RIVER DIRECTOR The final 2017 rod catches were not available in time for inclusion in the latest catch statistic section of this report due to a number of overdue catch returns. We are expecting in the region of 900 fish across the district, which would represent a decrease of approximately 15 per cent on the previous year. This specifically relates to a decline in the numbers of MSW salmon, which is in part due to poor fishing conditions in the spring period, but more concerningly a lack of summer and autumn fish. This has not been a Ness specific phenomenon, which points to low survival in the Marine environment. In response to declining catches, the Ness DSFB team have been working harder than ever to maximise the escapement of healthy, wild salmon smolts from the Ness system. This has involved close liaison with developers to ensure that works on the new West Link Bridge crossing and major refurbishment of the Ness Weir could proceed without having a negative impact on our vulnerable fish populations. Fish passage improvements have been made at key locations; including the Holm Burn, Whin Park Lade and the River Coiltie. Our enforcement team have been as busy as ever deterring illegal exploitation and ensuring compliance with fisheries legislation, and we have reached an exciting stage in the Upper Garry Salmon Restoration Project whereby eggs will shortly be stocked back into the system. Finally, the team demonstrated its ability to quickly react to arising situations through its leading response to the arrival of the non-native Pacific pink salmon. The information gathered locally has been widely recognised and informed the GB Rapid Risk Assessment. Chris Conroy River Director 1 of 75

6 About Us The Ness District Salmon Fishery Board (NDSFB) is a statutory body responsible for the protection and enhancement of salmon and sea trout fisheries in the Ness district. It was constituted under the 1862 and 1868 salmon fisheries legislation, subsequently amended in the Salmon Act 1986 and the Salmon Conservation (Scotland) Act 2001 and more recently amalgamated under the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act Map showing the extent of the Ness District and the main rivers and lochs therein Salmon fishing rights in Scotland are private heritable titles that are registered separately from land and can be bought and sold like any other property. The district boards finance their work by levying a rate on the salmon fishery owners in the district. The 2003 Act states that a district board shall have the power to impose an assessment, to be known as the fishery assessment, on each salmon fishery in their district. The fishery assessment is assessed at such uniform rate as is determined for all fisheries in the district by the board and shall be levied according to the valuation of a fishery as entered onto the valuation roll. Elected representatives of those salmon fishery owners provide the core of the membership of the board. Since 1986, the boards are required also to include representatives of salmon anglers and salmon netsmen in the district. A further revision to the constitution of the boards was made in 1999 to allow for even wider representation on the boards by other parties who may have an interest in salmon stocks or fisheries. A district salmon fishery board may do such acts, execute such works and incur such expenses as may appear expedient for: The protection or improvement of the fisheries within their district; The increase of salmon (and sea trout); or The stocking of the waters of the district with salmon (and sea trout). 2 of 75

7 Our Team BOARD MEMBERS Board members are elected triennially with the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 2003 specifying who may stand for election, how many may be elected and how many may represent the lower and upper proprietors. The latest elections took place in September Board members are all volunteers and are non-remunerated for their time and effort. The elected board members subsequently elect one of the members to be their chairman. The current board members are as follows: Representatives of Upper Proprietors Representatives of Lower Proprietors Co-optees of salmon Anglers and Tenant Netsmen Michael Martin, Chairman (Mandate Dochfour, River Ness) David Sutherland (Proprietor Ness Castle, River Ness) Ryan Rutherford (Mandate Ness-side, River Ness) Angus McGruer (Proprietor, River Oich) Helen Sarah Gray (Mandate, River Moriston) Dr. Robert Morgan (Mandate, River Garry) Cllr Janet Campbell (Mandate Highland Council, River Ness) Alexander Patience (Netsmen) Graham Mackenzie (Ness District Anglers) Eric Craig (Inverness Angling Club) Neil Cameron (Ness and Beauly Fisheries Trust) Although not a legal requirement, the Ness DSFB invites further representation onto the board in a non-voting capacity. Non-voting Attendees Dr. Alastair Stephen (Scottish and Southern Energy) Kenneth Knott (Forestry Commission Scotland) Ben Leyshon (Scottish Natural Heritage) Dr. Melanie Smith (UHI Inverness College) Andrew Steel (Scottish Environment Protection Agency) BOARD STAFF The board employs a number of full and part time staff responsible for the day to day management and delivery of its core duties and responsibilities: Director/Clerk to the Board Head Water Bailiff Seasonal Water Bailiffs Part-time Secretary to the Board Chris Conroy John MacColl Billy Orrock Mike Purcell April Conroy Voluntary Water Bailiffs Graham Mackenzie Nick Barker Ryan Rutherford Chris Daphne Gordon Armstrong 3 of 75

8 The Ness System The Ness catchment is the largest in the North Highlands and drains 2,103 square kilometres of land. The upper reaches extend almost to the west coast, close to Loch Hourn and Loch Nevis. The land drains east and north through the Great Glen before entering the sea in the Moray Firth at Inverness. For management purposes the district can be sub-divided into seven key management units. Ness System Fishery Management Units Each of these management units is described in further detail below: Ness Coastal - Inverness Firth and smaller coastal burns, particularly important for sea trout but also salmon; River Ness The temperature of the main River Ness is kept artificially high by Loch Ness, so it has no temperature barrier. This unit also incorporates the key tributaries of the main river, including the Holm Burn and Allt na Skiach Burn; Loch Ness and Small Tributaries The famous loch extends to 37km with smaller tributaries, the mouths of which are important spawning areas for salmon, trout and Arctic charr; Rivers Enrick and Coiltie Flowing into Urquhart Bay and supporting one of only a few alluvial woods remaining in the United Kingdom, designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Also thought to be important spawning areas for summer and autumn salmon and grilse; River Moriston Designated as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) for freshwater pearl mussel and Atlantic salmon. It supports an important spring salmon fishery and is heavily impacted by large scale hydro-electric schemes; 4 of 75

9 Rivers Garry and Oich The River Oich runs parallel to the Caledonian Canal, with extensive modifications being made to its course during the construction of the canal. The two rivers are separated by Loch Oich. Both the Garry and Oich support important spring salmon fisheries and are heavily impacted by large scale hydro-electric schemes; and Rivers Tarff, Foyers and Farigaig All support salmon populations to a greater or lesser degree and form important juvenile and nursery areas. They are, however, less important in terms of angling. The Tarff and Foyers are impacted by hydro-electric schemes. Inchnacardoch Bay on Loch Ness in 2017 In addition to the above, the Caledonian Canal intersects the Ness system at various points. The canal runs some 60 miles (97 km) from north-east to south-west. Only one third of the entire length is man-made, the rest being formed by Loch Dochfour, Loch Ness, Loch Oich and Loch Lochy (in the neighbouring catchment). 5 of 75

10 What We Do FISHERIES MONITORING The Ness DSFB works in close partnership with the Ness and Beauly Fisheries Trust (NBFT) and others to gain a detailed and up to date understanding of the status of salmon and sea trout populations within the district. This allows us to make an informed assessment of the potential impacts of development proposals, assess applications for scientific and other exemptions to the 2003 Act and to inform our fisheries management activities. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT The production of juvenile salmon and sea trout in a river system is limited by the availability of good quality spawning and nursery habitat. The principle aim of our fisheries management activities is to maximise the natural production of salmon and sea trout in the Ness system through the protection and enhancement of spawning success and juvenile survival. We work with a wide range of partners to achieve these aims and objectives. FISHERIES ENFORCEMENT The Ness DSFB employs a team of highly experienced and Institute of Fisheries Management (IFM) Certified water bailiffs responsible for the enforcement of the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act Our water bailiffs carry out regular patrols of the catchment throughout the year. They work closely with Police Scotland and officers from other law enforcement agencies. FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT Fishing effort on the Ness system has been in decline for a number of years. The fewer the rods fishing the lower the annual catch. This has a knock on effect of further discouraging anglers from fishing, i.e. a vicious circle. It is vitally important that measures are taken to break the circle and encourage more rods on the river, both in the short and longer term. 6 of 75

11 Key 2017 Operational Statistics FISHERIES MONITORING FISHERIES MANAGEMENT FISHERIES ENFORCEMENT FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT Juvenile Salmonid Surveys The NBFT completed a total of 15 electro-fishing surveys, this included 13 area-delineated and two time-delineated surveys. This is significantly less than previous years, primarily due to the fact that resources were diverted to management works associated with development projects in the Ness system. Other Spawning observations, drone and snorkel surveys were completed; The Ness DSFB and NBFT participated in Marine Scotland Science s Armadale Tracking Project ; and The Ness DSFB and NBFT monitored non-native Pacific pink salmon spawning activity and carried out an assessment of the viability of their eggs in the River Ness. Improving Access Fish passage improvements were completed on the Whin Park Lade screens, Holm Burn fish pass and the SW weir on the River Coiltie; The Garry Screens Project commenced; and A total of 10 spawning burns were cleared of debris in spring, with a further 14 in Autumn. Identifying and mitigating problems Monitoring, control and management of Predators Managing the exploitation of returning adults A significant number of pre-planned fish rescues were carried out at the Inverness West Link Bridge and Ness Weir Refurbishment sites. Continued participation in the Moray Firth Seal and Saw Bill Management groups; and Successful seal and bird licence applications made in 2016/2017 and 2017/18. The Ness DSFB engaged with the Scottish Government with regards to the 2017 conservation regulations. From 1 st July mandatory catch and release remained in place on the Moriston - but the rest of the Ness district was uplifted to Grade 2 status, allowing a limited number of fish to be retained. Provisional catch returns indicate an overall release rate across the district of approximately 93 per cent. Consultations The Ness DSFB commented on two transport proposals, two aquaculture proposals, one terrestrial windfarm proposals, four micro hydro schemes, one large scale hydro consultation, one forest plan, one flood schemes, three water treatment works, two abstraction proposals, one electricity grid related proposal, one dredging proposal, one navigation proposal and one River Basin Management Plan consultation; and The board also consented applications for four fish removals and one fish introduction in consultation with Marine Scotland. Coastal Patrols Over 78 coastal foot patrols completed throughout the year, with 23 people spoken to fishing for sea trout without permission. Joint patrols were carried out with Police during the peak period. Inshore Patrols Individuals found fishing without permission or using illegal methods: 33 individuals on the River Ness up to Loch Dochfour; 15 individuals fishing from the shores of Loch Ness; Seven individuals from boats on Loch Ness and Loch Dochfour; Six individuals on the River Moriston; 23 individuals on the River Oich and five on the River Garry; and To date, 16 people fishing outside the fishing seasons. Illegal Instruments None Court Cases Eight individuals charged and still court pending, another fined for fishing out of season before season started; and Offences committed in 2016: Three individuals fined for fishing without legal right or written permission and two fined for using illegal methods. Promoting Angling on the River Ness The board has a webpage ( Facebook page with 9,324 followers, Twitter account with 1,084 followers and Instagram account with 435 followers. These are used to promote the Ness system as a whole; The Ness DSFB has a seat on the steering group for the second Scotland s Salmon Festival event which was held in Inverness in August/September of 75

12 Latest Catch Statistics Information relating to adult run size is an essential management tool for any district salmon fishery board. Catch returns are the main indicator of adult run size available for the Ness system. Catch statistics are collected annually by Marine Scotland Science (MSS) for all fishery districts in Scotland. In addition to this, district salmon fishery boards are able to collect data directly from proprietors twice per year. As a considerable historical data set exists (1952 to 2016), the size of the run can be used as a measure of its status by comparing the annual run against a long-term average run size. Unfortunately, the provisional 2017 rod catch data were not available in time for inclusion in this report due to a number of late returns. The data used throughout this section are Crown copyright, used with the permission of MSS, who are not responsible for interpretation of these data by third parties. LATEST NESS DISTRICT SALMON ROD CATCHES A total of 1,056 rod caught salmon were reported across the Ness district in This represents a 13 per cent decrease on the previous year (1,210 fish in 2015), primarily due to lower grilse catches. On a more positive note, the 1,000-fish mark was exceeded for the second year in a row, with catches above both the five and ten-year averages (972 and 1,044 respectively). Following a steady decline in catches between 2005 and 2013, there are now early indications of a stabilisation and even a slight improvement. That said, catches remain well below those recorded in the 1960 s and 1970 s and we expect a fall to around 900 fish for the 2017 season. Total Ness district rod catches of salmon (salmon and grilse combined) (1952 to 2016) No. Rod Caught Fish (Salmon & Grilse) Year Salmon and Grilse 5 Year Average The 353 grilse (one sea winter salmon) reported across the Ness district in 2016 represented a 32 per cent decrease on the previous year (517 fish in 2015). Grilse catches were also below both the five and ten-year averages (389 fish and 448 fish respectively). This follows an overall trend for decreasing grilse catches since a peak in 2007 (when 746 fish were recorded). When interpreting these results, it is important to consider that the current five-year average remains significantly higher than at any period during the 1950 s, 1960 s, 1970 s, 1980 s and most of the 1990 s. It was only during the period from 2005 to 2013 when the five-year grilse catches were significantly higher than the current situation. This may have been the exception rather than the norm. Total grilse catches for 2017 are expected to be broadly similar to those in of 75

13 Ness district grilse (one sea winter salmon) rod catches over the last 65 years (1952 to 2016) No. Rod Caught Fish Year 1SW Grilse 5 Year Average The 703 multi sea winter (MSW) salmon reported in 2016 was the highest for eight years and made up 67 per cent of the total salmon catch (increasing from 57 per cent in 2015). This was a one per cent improvement on the 693 MSW salmon recorded in 2015 and above both the five and ten-year averages (582 fish and 596 fish respectively). We have seen a long-term decline in MSW salmon catches since a peak of 3,079 fish in The latest five-year averages seem to indicate the beginning of a stabilisation and perhaps the early signs of improvement, with year on year increases over the last two years. That said, we are expecting a decline in MSW catches for the 2017 season. Ness district multi sea winter (MSW) salmon rod catches over the last 65 years (1952 to 2016) No. Rod Caught Fish Year Multi Sea Winter Salmon 5 Year Average Splitting the MSW catches into their spring (January to May) and summer to autumn (June to October) components provides further detail regarding their current status. Spring, summer and autumn caught fish tend to belong to populations in the upper, middle and lower parts of a catchment respectively. In 2016 the district enjoyed its best spring catch for 21 years, with the 324 fish recorded being the highest since 1995 (427 fish) and before that 1984 (328 fish). This this includes 11 fish recorded as spring grilse which, 9 of 75

14 given their date of capture, were likely to have actually been MSW salmon. This is a success in terms of the voluntary conservation measures introduced by the Ness DSFB in partnership with proprietors and anglers. We are now seeing a definite improvement in our spring catches, although numbers still have a way to go before reaching historical levels and we are expecting a decline in This seems to relate more to poor spring fishing conditions than a lack of fish. Ness district spring rod catches (January to May) over the last 65 years (1952 to 2016) No. Rod Caught Fish Year Total Spring Catches (Jan to May) 5 Year Average A summer and autumn MSW salmon catch of 390 fish was reported across the Ness district in This represented a four per cent improvement on the previous year (372 fish reported in 2015) and marked a third year-on-year improvement. It was above the five-year average catch of 327 fish, but below the ten-year average of 401 fish. The Ness district has experienced a long-term decline in summer/autumn MSW salmon catches and it was hoped that the situation had stabilised, with early signs of improvement. Unfortunately, we are expecting the 2017 summer/autumn MSW salmon catches to show a decline. Ness district summer and autumn MSW salmon catches over the last 65 years (1952 to 2016) No. Rod Caught Fish Year Summer and Autumn 5 Year Average NASCO ROD CATCH ASSESSMENT TOOL The use of the Rod Catch Assessment Tool is recommended in the NASCO Fisheries Management Focus Area Report to assess and, where appropriate, introduce precautionary management measures. It requires us to obtain monthly rod catches; consider those over the last 20 years; aggregate salmon and grilse; aggregate 10 of 75

15 numbers of rod caught retained and released fish; aggregate rod catches into spring (Feb-May), summer (Jun- Aug) and Autumn (Sept-Nov); and rank the catches. Spring, summer and autumn caught fish tend to belong to populations in the upper, middle and lower parts of a catchment respectively. For each seasonal grouping, the following questions are asked: 1) Identify the lowest value. Is it also the most recent value over the twenty-year period? 2) Identify the lowest three values. Are two or more of these values found in the last three years? 3) Identify the lowest six values. Are four or more of these values found in the last six years? If the analysis results in one or more YES answers, steps are required to reduce exploitation on the relevant stock component and investigate if there is a specific local problem. The results of the assessment on the Ness indicates that for our autumn component, the answer to question three is YES (2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016), indicating a problem with the autumn salmon catches in the mid to lower system (River Ness and Loch Ness). Further to this, three values are amongst the lowest six in the case of the summer component (2011, 2013 and 2014), meaning that the summer component is also close to failing. The NASCO tool recommends that if a problem is identified, then steps should be taken to reduce exploitation on the relevant stock component. An investigation should also be carried out to determine whether there is a specific local problem impacting upon the stock component. Furthermore, catch monitoring should continue on an annual basis and the management action should be continued until the assessment is passed. A selection of salmon captured on the Ness system during the 2017 season 11 of 75

16 LATEST NESS DISTRICT SALMON NET CATCHES Many of the original salmon netting stations in the Ness district were bought out by the Atlantic Salmon Conservation Trust in the 1980 s. These and a number of others are no longer operational, resulting in a significant reduction in the total numbers of net caught salmon reported in the district. The fixed engine or bag net fishery closed in Those remaining are net and cobble fisheries, which use a sweep net paid out from a boat and worked from the shore. The key remaining operational sweep netting stations in the Ness district are located at Rosemarkie, Longman and Alturlie Point. The Rosemarkie station ceased operating between 2007 and 2011 following a conservation agreement with the Ness DSFB. Fishing commenced once again in 2012 when 545 fish were reported. A conservation agreement reached by the Ness and Beauly DSFBs with the Rosemarkie and Longman net and cobble operators in 2013 meant that these stations remained closed for the entire season. As a result, the total Ness district net fishery catch reduced from 545 fish in 2012 to zero in This was the first time in at least 61 years that no fish were recorded by the net fishery. An extension to the voluntary agreement each year between 2014 and 2017 has meant that salmon have had free passage through these stations for five years in a row. Total Ness district net salmon catches (salmon and grilse combined) over the last 65 years (1952 to 2016) No. net caught fish Year 0 0 Net and Coble Fixed Engine The Alturlie netting operator has continued to exercise his fishing rights (except during category 3 periods), but has had no catches since He believes that this is due to water quality issues in the Firth caused by the discharge from Allanfearn Waste Water Treatment Works, affecting the migratory routes of salmon by pushing them further out from the shore. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) have assured the Ness DSFB that the site is currently rated as Excellent in its compliance assessment scheme. Given the concerns of the Alturlie netting operator, we have asked SEPA if it would be possible to take a closer look to ensure that nothing has been missed NATIONAL (SCOTTISH) SALMON CATCH The total reported rod catches (retained and released) of wild salmon and grilse for 2016 was 55,109 fish. This is an increase on the return for 2015 (54,969 fish), but only 80 per cent of the previous 5-year average. The proportion of the rod catch accounted for by catch and release is the highest recorded. In 2016, 98 per cent of rod caught spring salmon were released, as were 90 per cent of the annual rod catch. A proportion of fish 12 of 75

17 released from the rod fishery may be re-caught and hence inflate the catch statistics by appearing in the reported data more than once. Trends in rod catch vary among individual stock components. Reported catch of spring salmon has generally declined since records began and, although there is some indication that catch has stabilised in recent years, it remains at a historically low level. Overall catch of salmon and grilse in later months, on the other hand, generally increased up to 2010, after which it fell sharply only to recover slightly in 2015 and Comparison of the total annual Ness district rod catches with the national total (1989 to 2016) Total Recorded Ness Salmon Total Recorded National Salmon Year 0 Ness Rod Catch National (Scottish) Rod Catch Reported catch and effort for the fixed engine and net and coble fisheries were the lowest recorded by either fishery since records began in As a result of the Salmon Conservation Regulations, retention of salmon caught in coastal waters was prohibited. A total of 35 wild salmon and grilse were reported caught and retained in a scientific haaf net fishery from a reported fishing effort of 209 net months. Haaf net fisheries in the Solway reported a further 128 net months with no salmon and grilse retained. A total of 2,811 wild salmon and grilse were reported caught and retained in the net & coble fishery from a reported effort of 41 crew months. Salmon Conservation Regulations for Scottish stocks came into force in 2016 and included measures to prohibit the killing of fish in coastal waters and in estuaries and rivers where the stocks were determined to be in poor conservation status. Of the 126 assessable areas, 88 were assessed as being in poor conservation status (grade 3) in Fishery statistics reported for 2016 provide a first view of the impact of these management measures on the catches of salmon. These may be summarised as: Total retained catch of salmon and grilse (all methods) fell from 22,776 in 2015 to 8,443 in 2016; Total retained catch (all methods) of spring salmon fell from 213 in 2015 to 101 in 2016; and Catch and release in the rod and line fishery rose from 84% in 2015 to 90% in Before the regulations came in to force, concern was expressed that rod fisheries in areas with compulsory catch and release would be adversely impacted by these measures. To examine this contention, 2016 rod catch was expressed as a proportion of the average catch from 2011 to 2015 for the 126 assessable areas. 13 of 75

18 Marine Scotland Science (MSS) found that there were no significant differences between the different grades. Therefore, although individual fisheries may have been impacted by the regulations, MSS believes that there is no evidence to support a contention that fisheries in grade 3 areas suffered a disproportionate drop in catch compared to fisheries in areas with moderate or good conservation status where killing of salmon was permitted (grades 1 and 2). LATEST NESS DISTRICT SEA TROUT ROD CATCHES The Moray Firth once supported a prolific rod and line fishery for sea trout, with the total annual reported Ness district catch peaking at 3,540 fish in Since that time reported catches have steadily decreased. A total sea trout catch of just 93 fish was reported during the 2015 season. The provisional 91 fish reported in 2016 presents a similar picture. Total Ness district sea trout catches (adult and finnock combined) over the last 65 years (1952 to 2016) No. Rod Caught Fish Year Sea Trout 5 Year Average Although this was an improvement on the previous year when just 47 fish were reported, the catches are much lower than we would expect given the level of angler activity in the Firth. The Ness DSFB has been helping to address declining sea trout catches through its involvement with the Moray Firth Trout Initiative (MFTI). This was a collaborative project formed by local fishery boards and trusts from around the Moray Firth to conserve local wild trout populations. Unfortunately, it has now come to an end. CATCH SUMMARY Despite the 2016 catches giving some early indications of stabilisation, we have seen an overall decline in the numbers of adult salmon returning to the Ness district since the 1960s. The 2017 catches are expected to show a decrease of around 15 per cent on the previous year, mainly due to a lack of summer/autumn MSW salmon and poor spring fishing conditions. The national Scottish catch statistics suggest that this is not a Ness district specific issue. Furthermore, the results of our electro-fishing surveys seem to indicate that the Ness system is producing relatively good numbers of juvenile salmon, but they are not returning from the sea in the expected numbers. This seems to point to an issue in the marine environment. SALSEA-Merge was a three year ( ), 5.5 million scientific project which aimed to advance understanding of stock-specific migration, distribution patterns and the ecology of salmon at sea. It concluded that Over the past two decades, an increasing proportion of North 14 of 75

19 Atlantic salmon are dying at sea during their oceanic feeding migration. Arguably the greatest challenge in salmon conservation is to gain insight into the spatial and ecological use of the marine environment by different regional and river stocks. Over the last 40 years, increased mortality at sea has resulted in a dramatic decline in the abundance of Atlantic salmon in the marine environment. In response to declining abundance, conservation measures have resulted in major reductions in fishing effort all around the North Atlantic (netting buyouts and catch and release). The effect of these measures has been that the decline in spawners (adults returning to the rivers) has been less marked than the decline in pre-fishery abundance (the numbers of fish at sea), although this buffering effect is now wearing thin. Estimated Marine Survival (green) vs Ness Rod Catch (red) (MSS data) % % 6.4% Total Salmon and Grilse Rod Catch Percent Marine Survival (%) Reported Ness District Rod Catch Marine Survival (%) 2 per. Mov. Avg. (Marine Survival (%)) Salmon abundance seems to have fluctuated in parallel with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, a climate cycle that affects the sea surface temperature of the North Altantic Ocean based on different modes on multidecadal timescales. This also seems to have affected the ratios of MSW salmon and one sea winter grilse. At present we are seeing a shift from grilse to MSW salmon dominated catches (in particular the spring component). This is thought to be a result of rising surface temperatures in the Norwegian Sea (where grilse are thought to feed), with temperatures in the seas around Greenland (where MSW salmon are thought to feed) remaining low. The question is what can the Ness DSFB do to protect and improve our salmon populations, particularly given that the key pressures seem to be in the marine environment. In October 2011, NASCO and ICES Co-Convened the Salmon Summit in France, an international symposium entitled 'Salmon at Sea: Scientific Advances and their Implications for Management. The clear message from the Salmon Summit was a need to maximise the number of healthy wild salmon that go to sea from their home rivers, since management options in the ocean are limited. The following sections of this report illustrate how the Ness DSFB is working to identify and address factors limiting smolt production in the Ness system. It goes on to summarise the practical management measures being employed to maximise smolt escapement. 15 of 75

20 Latest Fish Counter Data Fish counter information is available from two sites within the Ness catchment, both of which are operated by Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE). One is located on the River Moriston (Dundreggan Dam) and the other on the River Garry (Invergarry Dam). Areas upstream of the two fish counters represent only a proportion of the total area within the Ness catchment accessible to migratory fish; therefore, these data should only be used for indicative purposes. A plump 97cm (estimated) female salmon passing through the Dundreggan Dam counting flume in spring approximately 22lbs in weight The 48 years worth of counter data available from the SSE fish counter located in Dundreggan Dam indicates a steady increase in the five-year average fish counts on the River Moriston since the early 1990 s. The five-year average of 377 fish passing through the counter in 2015 was the highest for 34 years, with the total count of 404 fish having only been exceeded 6 times over the study period. Counts fell slightly to 365 fish in 2016, however numbers were still above the latest five-year average (360 fish). Number of Salmon Ascending Dundreggan Dam 1969 to Annual Counts 5 Year Average 16 of 75

21 The picture at the Invergarry Counter is very different. The number of counts has declined over the last fifty years and is showing little sign of recovery. Historical annual counts of 600 to 800 salmon have now reduced to a five-year average of just 60 fish. The total 2016 count (84 fish) was above the five-year average, however the most recent electro-fishing data shows that in the Upper Garry juvenile salmon densities remain critically low. Number of Salmon Ascending Invergarry Dam 1956 to Annual Counts 5 Year Average Given the significant long-term decline in abundance of salmon, the Ness DSFB has come together with SSE and other partner organisations to deliver the Upper Garry Salmon Restoration Project. This aims to restore a self-sustaining wild salmon population to the Upper River Garry as described in further detail in the Fisheries Management section of this report. An adult salmon passing through the fish counting flume in Garry Dam 17 of 75

22 Fisheries Monitoring The Ness DSFB, NBFT and others work together to gain a detailed and up to date understanding of the status of salmon and sea trout populations within the district. This information is essential in permitting an evidence based approach to fisheries management. JUVENILE SALMONID SURVEYS During the 2017 season, a total of fifteen electro-fishing surveys were completed by the NBFT on the Ness catchment. These were composed of thirteen area delineated (quantitative) and two time delineated surveys. This is significantly less than the 47 surveys delivered in 2016, with resources instead being diverted to management works associated with the many development projects taking place in the Ness catchment this year. Three area delineated surveys were executed on the mainstem of the River Ness. The Dochfour site once again yielded encouraging results. Salmon fry density was recorded as 455/100m 2 and would be classed as excellent. Whilst this is below the 2015 density of 726/100m 2, it is towards the upper end of the historical range (149/100m 2 726/100m 2 ) and well above the mean density of 392/100m 2. Salmon parr density was 59/100m 2 in 2017 and would also be classed as excellent. This is against an average density of 39/100m 2 and a range of 15/100m 2 62/100m 2. Trout fry were well represented in 2017 at a density of 34/100m 2 whilst trout parr were recorded as absent. This is the highest density of trout fry ever recorded from the mainstem of the River Ness. Ness and Beauly Fisheries Trust Biologists carrying out an electro-fishing survey on the River Ness at Dochfour The single quantitative survey at Ness Castle also showed very encouraging results. Salmon fry density was 222/100m 2 and would be classed as excellent. This is against the mean density of 111/100m 2 and a range of 31/100m 2 371/100m 2. Salmon parr density was similarly encouraging in 2017 at a density 69/100m 2 that would be classed as excellent. Again, this result is above the mean density of 22/100m 2 and towards the upper end of the historical range of 21/100m 2 88/100m 2. As with the Dochfour site, trout fry were also 18 of 75

23 found in good numbers. The 2017 trout fry density was 29/100m 2 : the highest ever recorded at the Ness Castle site and the second highest ever recorded from the mainstem of the River Ness. As part of the post-construction monitoring for the Inverness West Link Bridge; quantitative surveys were conducted on the mainstem of the River Ness, the Holm Mills Lade and Whin Park Lade. The mainstem site was situated a short distance below the Holm Mills Weir. Salmon fry were found in abundance with the survey generating a density of 431/100m 2 well above the mean density of 134/100m 2. The 2017 salmon fry density was the highest ever recorded for the site and would be classed as excellent. Salmon parr density was also very high at 67/100m 2. This is the second highest density recorded for the site and well above the mean density of 39/100m 2. The two surveys conducted on the Holm Mills Lade yielded interesting results. The upper site yielded an excellent salmon fry density of 123/100m 2 whilst parr were found at a density of 21/100m 2 that would also be deemed as excellent. Trout fry and parr were also found in abundance at densities of 84/100m 2 and 35/100m 2 respectively. Density of salmon fry was lower at the bottom site (33/100m 2 ) yet the result would still be classed as good. Salmon parr were in abundance at a density of 63/100m 2 and would be classed as excellent. As with the upper site; juvenile trout were well represented with fry and parr densities of 51/100m 2 and 20/100m 2 respectively. Both of which would be classed as excellent. Results from the Holm Mills Lade are higher than those observed during the pre-construction surveys and would suggest that the substantial in-river works have had no deleterious effects on juvenile salmonid recruitment. The importance of the Lade as a nursery area for both salmon and trout cannot be understated. In contrast to the Holm Mills Lade; the Whin Park Lade does not contain the same quality of instream habitat for salmonids, with a silt dominated substrate and low water velocities. That said, results were largely encouraging. The upper site showed a poor density of salmon fry (5/100m 2 ) whilst salmon parr were found in good numbers at a density of 19/100m 2. Trout fry were also present at a density of 26/100m 2 that would be classed as excellent whilst parr were recorded in low numbers of 2/100m 2 and would be classed as poor. Eels and lamprey were both present at densities of 4/100m 2 and 18/100m 2 respectively. The lower site showed a similar low density of salmon fry at 5/100m 2 that would be classed as poor. Salmon parr were also observed in poor numbers of 4/100m 2. It should be noted that juvenile salmon were found to be completely absent from this site prior to the removal of a man-made barrier in a downstream location last year. Conversely, trout fry were found in abundance, with the survey generating an excellent density of 91/100m 2, whilst trout parr were absent from the site. Three eels were also captured along a single sea and multi brook/river lamprey ammoecetes. The single quantitative survey on the River Coiltie showed a slight improvement on the 2016 survey. Salmon fry density was 42/100m 2 in 2017 and would be classed as good. This is against an average density of 58/100m 2 and an historical range of 8/100m 2 124/100m 2. Salmon parr density was less encouraging in 2017 with the survey generating a density if 8/100m 2 that would be classed as moderate. This result is below the mean density of 21/100m 2 and at the lower end of the historical range of 5/100m 2 32/100m 2. This may be due the highly mobile nature of the river and increased frequency of high water events leading to washout. The Invervigar Burn is a small tributary of the River Oich. Salmon fry were observed in good numbers at a density of 54/100m 2. This is the second highest salmon fry density ever recorded from the site and is well above the mean density of 15/100m 2. Conversely, older year classes of salmon parr were captured in very low numbers generating a minimum density estimate of 1/100m 2. This would suggest salmon recruitment is intermittent on the Invervigar Burn. Allt an Eoin is a small yet productive tributary if the River Moriston. The routine monitoring site is situated towards the upstream extent of salmon migration and contains instream habitat more suited to older year 19 of 75

24 classes of salmon. This has been reflected in the consistently poor density of salmon fry and excellent density of salmon parr. The 2017 survey was no exception with a poor density of salmon fry (6/100m 2 ). Conversely, salmon parr density was 36/100m 2 and would be classed as excellent. This is above the mean density of 33/100m 2 and towards the upper end of the historical range of 16/100m 2 44/100m 2. The upper reaches of the River Moriston became accessible to salmon during the 2005 season following the installation of a fish pass at the now defunct fish trap as part of the Conservation of Salmon in Scotland (CASS) LIFE Nature programme. Electro-fishing surveys conducted since then have shown salmon to be present in most years, albeit in low numbers at some sites. The Buinn Loyne site revealed three-year classes of juvenile salmon in 2017; the first instance of this since the fish trap s removal this should be viewed as a very positive result for the Upper Moriston. Although salmon fry density was poor in 2017 (4/100m 2 ), older year classes of parr were well represented at an excellent density of 48/100m 2 which is the highest density of salmon parr ever recorded from the Upper Moriston. Results were less positive in the area surrounding Cluanie Dam where juvenile salmon were seen to be absent. The precise reason why salmon have yet to recolonise this area remain poorly understood. Electro-fishing results from the site at Buinn Loyne on the upper River Moriston above the fish pass installed as part of the CASS LIFE project in Salmon Fry Salmon Parr Trout Fry Trout Parr Linear (Salmon Fry) Linear (Salmon Parr) Allt na Caillichie is the most productive tributary of the Lower River Garry. Salmon fry were present at an excellent density of 66/100m 2 in 2017; well in advance eof the mean density of 47/100m 2. Although density of salmon parr dropped from 37/100m 2 in 2016 to 29/100m 2, the result would still be classed as excellent and is the average density for the site. SCALE SAMPLING PROGRAMME The collection and ageing of Atlantic salmon scales has become a fundamental fisheries management tool. It allows determination of river age, sea age and various other scale characteristics for stock discrimination. Growth patterns can be related to production and environmental trends. Timing of physiological changes such 20 of 75

25 as maturation, smoltification and spawning can also be identified. This information, combined with sex and size data, can be used to inform management decisions within a fishery. A summary of the Ness DSFB s 2014 to 2016 Scale Sampling Programme was published in March 2017 and can be viewed on the Publications page of our website). A total of 223 adult salmon scale samples were submitted during this period, equating to seven per cent of the total salmon catch (3,136 fish). Sampling effort in the upper catchment (Garry, Oich, Moriston and Loch Ness) was concentrated in the spring to early summer period, whereas that on the lower catchment (River Ness) extended through to the autumn period. Samples were taken from a higher proportion of the spring catch than the summer and autumn catch, peaking in April when an impressive 27 per cent of all fish caught were sampled. Number Combined monthly rod catch (2014 to 2016) (blue) and number of scale samples submitted (red) Rivers Garry & Oich 0 January February March April May June July August September October Rod Catch Month Scale Samples Four of the fish sampled over the three-year period were found to be previous or repeat spawners. Of particular interest was a fish that had spawned twice previously and was caught on its way back to spawn for a third time, an unusual occurrence in Scotland. The majority of samples (83 per cent) were found to have spent two years in freshwater, with a further 18 per cent having spent three years in fresh water. The proportion of three freshwater year fish recorded in the samples from the Garry and Oich catchment (57 per cent) and Moriston catchment (25 per cent) in the upper system were significantly higher than in Loch Ness (11 per cent) and River Ness (12 per cent) in the lower system. This pattern is similar to that seen in other Scottish rivers, with the colder climate in the upper reaches resulting in slower growth of fry and parr. Number Number River Moriston January February March April May June July August September October Month Rod Catch Scale Samples Loch Ness January February March April May June July August September October Month Rod Catch Scale Samples River Ness Three freshwater year fish dominated the February samples (75 per cent), but were found 100 to make up a much smaller proportion of the 0 other monthly samples (zero to 22 per cent of Month monthly samples). These early spring salmon Rod Catch Scale Samples caught in January and February are believed to be headed for the very upper reaches of the system where freshwater growth is slower. Number 400 January February March April May June July August September October The majority of grilse (93 per cent) had a total age of three years, with just seven percent having a total age of four years. Those four-year olds were found to have spent three years in freshwater. The MSW salmon were found to range between four and nine years of age. The majority were found to have a total age of four years 21 of 75

26 (54 per cent), followed by those with a total age of five years (37 per cent) and a further eight per cent at six years of age. Seven and nine-year-old fish each made up one per cent of the sample; these were found to be repeat spawners. Annotated image of a scale from a repeat spawning spring salmon caught on the River Garry in January 2017 February and March samples were found to be from spring fish exhibiting no plus growth. Plus growth began to appear in the April samples and made up 11 per cent of the monthly total. Although the samples submitted in May were again dominated by spring fish exhibiting no plus growth (52 per cent), a significant proportion with plus growth also featured (48 per cent). Spring fish with no plus growth continued to feature in June, although making up a much smaller proportion of the monthly total (nine per cent). By July and August all the samples were found to show plus growth; however, a single spring salmon was identified in the September sample. The results indicate that the months of April and May are particularly important for spring salmon on the Ness system. This suggests that The Scottish Government s statutory conservation measures for spring fish (all fish must be returned up to the 1 st April), although welcomed, do not go far enough. Fish in the sample aged as grilse (1SW) were found to range between 3.5 and 9 pounds in weight, with an average weight 5.7 pounds. The 2SW salmon ranged from 5.5 to 22 pounds, with an average weight of 11.4 pounds. The 3SW salmon ranging from 7 to 24 pounds, with and average weight of 16.8 pounds. If we assume that these samples are representative of the wider salmon population in the Ness system, then the results suggest that fish over 9 pounds are most likely to be MSW salmon, with fish under 5.5 pounds most likely being 1SW grilse. Fish between 5.5 and 9 pounds could be either MSW salmon or grilse and difficult to positively identify without scale reading. 22 of 75

27 The 2017 Scale Sampling Programmes has gone relatively well, with a total of 84 samples submitted and aged to date. However, in future years the sampling effort during the summer and autumn periods should be increased. This could be achieved by recruiting more anglers on the River Ness and Loch Ness to participate in the scale sampling programme. River Director Chris Conroy attended one of Inverness Angling Club s casting clinics on the banks of the River Ness on the evening of the 21 st June 2017 to deliver a riverside scale sampling tutorial. UNDERWATER CAMERA OBSERVATIONS The team carried out spawning observations at various sites in the Ness system throughout the 2016/17 winter period. This involved not only the usual recording of presence or absence of salmon and trout redds (or nests), but also changes in behaviour and habitat preferences throughout the spawning period. This allowed us to ground truth the spawning periods for both salmon and trout. 2016/17 Trout Spawning Periods (main spawning period in darker shade) LOCATION Loch Laide (Abriachan) Rivers Coiltie and Enrick River Ness OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER /17 Atlantic Salmon Spawning Periods (main spawning period in darker shade) LOCATION River Moriston Rivers Coiltie and Enrick River Ness NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY Our spawning observations have also demonstrated that the start of both trout (mid-november) and salmon (mid-december) spawning on the River Ness is much later that the upper reaches of the Ness system. This information will help us to protect fish from the impacts of proposed developments during these sensitive periods. 23 of 75

28 Observations were extended through to the smolt migration period. Cameras placed at a pinch point in the middle reaches of the River Ness recorded downstream movement of smolts as late as mid-june. This endorses our policy of placing a condition of no instream works until the 1 st July on development proposals. A shoal of approximately 20 salmon smolts migrating downstream through the River Ness (top left), a fresh run adult salmon migrating upstream (top right) and a sea trout and two salmon (bottom) The cameras also recorded fresh run adult fish heading upstream. They were observed on all states of tide and throughout the day. We often recorded numbers of fish moving through a beat, even when anglers reported that they hadn t seen or caught any fish. This may indicate that exploitation rates (i.e. the proportion of the total run of fish that are captured by anglers) are lower than current estimates. A relatively large proportion of fish may be running straight through the River Ness before reaching the relative safety of Loch Ness. Our underwater observations have a number of practical management applications: Timing of Instream Works Now able to update advice given to developments on a sub-catchment specific level. Fishing Season Able to demonstrate the benefit of the delayed start to the season on the River Ness in terms of timing of spawning - does this go far enough? Education Footage will be used as an educational tool to raise awareness of the salmon. We are considering the production of a DVD. Fisheries Development Footage excellent for raising the profile of the Ness system and encouraging more visiting anglers. 24 of 75

29 DRONE SURVEYS The large size of our rivers, together with the fact that they are often shaded by mature trees, makes it particularly difficult to carry out accurate redd (or nest) counts. We therefore decided to test whether it is possible to identify salmon redds on the River Ness using a drone the answer was a definite yes. As you will see from the image below, there are approximately 90 redds in this reach of the River Ness alone. It is important to note that the larger redds may contain the nests of several females. Furthermore, a single female may deposit her eggs in a number of different nests. As such the count is very much an approximation and the number of redds does not necessarily equate to the number of females. Stitched images from the drone survey on the Laggan beat of the River Ness, with individual salmon redds marked by a red dot Going forward we intend to repeat this approach at a number of index sites across the Ness system. This will allow us to compare the relative densities of redds on a year to year basis. An agreement with a local drone operator means that we have the flexibility required to work around the prevailing weather conditions in a very cost-effective manner. 25 of 75

30 ARMADALE SALMON TRACKING PROJECT A number of historic tagging studies have shown that fish captured in coastal nets at one location have then been recaptured in nets much further around the coast, but the overall understanding of homing movements around the coast of Scotland is very patchy. To try and address this, MSS decided to augment this historical data by a modern acoustic tracking study which commenced in July One of the miniature transmitters used in the Armadale salmon tracking study (top left) together with the receivers and associated moorings. The aim was to capture up to 750 salmon in a net fishery on the north coast of Scotland and subsequently fit them with miniature transmitters before release. A network of receivers was deployed in rivers around Scotland to detect where those fish then go. It was hoped that the study would add to our knowledge of the extent to which coastal fisheries impact on different rivers as well as increasing our understanding of salmon homing behaviour. 26 of 75

31 As of the 13 th August 2017, MSS staff had only managed to capture and tag around 80 salmon, with the hope of a later run of grilse. Tagging at Armadale ended on 25 th August 2017 with no further salmon tagged. This suggested that the grilse run had finished. At the time of writing this report the network of receivers is being recovered by local fishery boards and trusts include two located in the River Ness. MSS will download the receivers in due course and report on how many of and where the tagged fish were registered. The project report should be published by the end of March SNORKEL SURVEYS The team had its first attempt snorkel surveying on the Ness system in September This is a recognised technique used to estimate adult and juvenile salmon numbers, assess habitat and carry out spawning surveys. Carrying out a snorkel survey in a pool on the River Moriston This trial concentrated on testing our equipment and concentrated on a deeper, slower pool on the River Moriston. Unfortunately, visibility was poor given low light levels, a misty mask and peaty water. We had a close encounter with a single adult salmon, with the snorkeler more surprised than the fish. Large slabs of bedrock were found lying in rather unnatural positions on one side of the pool. This is possibly a result of historical works to improve fish passage (i.e. when the falls upstream of the pool were blasted in the early 1900s). Despite the teething issues in terms of visibility, we intend to develop the technique and carry out further snorkel surveys in the future. 27 of 75

32 Fisheries Management The NDSFB and NBFT jointly published an updated Fisheries Management Plan (FMP) in This sets out priority actions identified as being required for the management of fish populations within the Ness district. It provides a framework for the protection and enhancement of such populations and to ensure that their exploitation is undertaken in a sustainable manner. The lifespan of this FMP is six years, commencing in August 2014 and ending in August 2019, during which time it will be regularly reviewed. A summary of the key management actions delivered this year is provided below. FISH PASSAGE IMPROVEMENTS AMBER Project AMBER stands for Adaptive Management of Barriers in European Rivers. The project seeks to apply adaptive management to the operation of dams and barriers in European rivers to achieve a more efficient restoration of stream connectivity, and address impacts caused by river fragmentation. AMBER Project UK launch at UHI Inverness College Rivers and Lochs Institute on the 30th November 2016 The UHI Rivers and Lochs Institute are leading a case study on the assessment of ecosystem restoration needs arising from the presence and operation of hydroelectric dams on the River Garry. The assessment will be used to inform the decision-making process to mitigate for the impacts observed. The case study includes a comparison of the Garry with the River Moriston and an assessment of downstream barriers affecting migration of Garry salmon. The Ness DSFB/NBFT sits on the project steering group and have been providing data and guidance to the project team. 28 of 75

33 Whin Park Lade Smolt Screens Damage was discovered on the screens at the intake to Whin Park Lade during the West Link Bridge dewatering works. The screens are designed to prevent salmon smolts from entering and becoming trapped in the lade, however the damage to both screens was so severe that they were not functioning effectively. Damage to the screens at the intake to Whin Park Lade The issue was raised with the Highland Council (THC) who were quick to rectify the situation. Furthermore, they have also changed the intake arrangements at the Whin Park boating lake to prevent tampering and ensure flows are maintained throughout the year. News smolts screens on the Whin Park Lade intake (left), together with the new boating pond intake (right) 29 of 75

34 Holm Burn Weir Fish Pass The Holm Burn is the larger of two major tributaries entering the River Ness. It was an important spawning and nursery area for salmon and sea trout; however, water abstraction, morphological alterations and barriers to fish migration have resulted in its fish populations becoming severely degraded over time. Efforts are underway to restore the burn to its former condition. Access to migratory fish was largely restricted to the first 60 metres of the Holm Burn due to the presence of a weir in the grounds of Ness Side Estate. In 2010 the Highland Council modified the structure to incorporate fish passage during the construction of a new flood defence scheme. The effectiveness of the fish pass was questionable, with re-colonisation of salmon populations taking much longer than expected. Electro-fishing surveys undertaken by the NBFT indicated that year classes of fish were missing. It was believed that the structure was only passable if there were adequate flows, i.e. it was likely a partial barrier to fish. The Ness DSFB met with representatives from SEPA, The Highland Council (THC) and Ness Side Estate in June 2016 to discuss proposed repairs to the structure. Plans were agreed to incorporate alterations that would improve fish passage. The NBFT were contracted to remove and relocate all fish from the site before the works began in July During construction water was pumped around the structure to create a dry working area for the alterations. Construction of the new fish pass on the Holm Weir including fish rescue, demolition of existing pass and shuttering to create the new steps. The works were completed by the 25 th August 2017, at which point a good flow of water was passing through the structure and it seemed to be functioning well. We have some concerns about the effectiveness of a stone pre-weir which has proven to be a rather leaky structure and may be displaced under high flow conditions. That said the structure seems to be functioning much better than before and we will continue to monitor the re-colonisation of juvenile salmon above the structure over the coming years. 30 of 75

35 The completed Holm Weir Fish pass on the 5th October 2017 On the 30 th August 2017 the NBFT and Ness DSFB teams carried out a fish rescue in the ponded section above the Holm Burn weir during a pre-planned drain down to facilitate routine maintenance works. Approximately 500 brown trout, sea trout, juvenile salmon and eels were safely relocated. The team returned again at short notice the following evening when it was discovered that approximate 200 more fish remained in the pond. Routine maintenance works in the silt pond above the Holm Weir on the 30 th August of 75

36 River Coiltie Weir Removal Scottish Water (SW) historically abstracted water from the River Coiltie as part of the Lewiston water supply system. Despite no longer being in use, the impoundment used to facilitate the abstraction remained in situ. The structure was believed to act as a barrier to the upstream migration of salmon. Scottish Water intake structure on the River Coiltie believed to be a barrier to fish migration The River Coiltie provides an important spawning and nursery area for salmon. Recent electro-fishing survey results suggest a sharp decline in juvenile salmon fry densities. It is possible that an increase in the frequency of flood events has reduced the survival of salmon fry in this highly mobile system. Efforts are needed to maintain and enhance productivity in the River Coiltie, with the Ness District Fisheries Management Plan ( ) pointing to the easement of complete removal of the SW structure as a possible action. An opportunity to remove the structure arose in the form of a condition in a Controlled Activities Regulations (CAR) licence for a hydro scheme on the River Coiltie. The structure was completely removed during the week commencing the 2 nd October 2017 and the results look good. We intend to monitor the situation and assess the re-colonisation of juvenile salmon and trout above the site. The River Coiltie following removal of the redundant Scottish Water Weir 32 of 75

37 Garry Dam Screens Project The Ness DSFB and NBFT have been working with SSE to investigate the potential removal of smolt screens at the intake of Garry Dam. It is believed that salmon smolt escapement under the current situation may be sub-optimal. Fish have to swim against the current across the intake screens to find the fish pass. An alternative option may be to allow the smolts to pass directly through the turbines, as in the case in other river catchments (including at sites on the Rivers Conon and Beauly). The Garry Screens Project involves a smolt trial with contractor APEM Ltd, where a sample of fish will be passed through the machine at Invergarry before being caught in tailrace nets. The aim of this study will be to investigate the survival rates of salmon smolts as they pass through the turbine and to establish whether it would be at an acceptable level. The trials were due to commence on the 8 th July 2017 after the removal of the tailrace screens and installation of the catch nets and associated frames. The Ness DSFB and NBFT teams were on hand to assist with what was a very large-scale operation. Once the nets and frames were in place, their integrity was tested with the hydro generator at 50 per cent load. Unfortunately, the live car catch box on one of the two nets came loose under the water pressure and the steel frames we seen to buckle and bend. Installing the catch net on the tail race at Invergarry power station involved the use of a crane, divers and a boat The decision was taken to postpone the operation until various changes to the set-up had been made. The trial resumed during the week commencing 11 th September 2017, but once again the nets failed under the pressure of water. Given the importance of this project, SSE intend to run the trial again in 2018 with a stronger net design. 33 of 75

38 INVERNESS WEST LINK BRIDGE CROSSING The West Link Road is a project in Inverness which will complete the link between the Dores roundabout and the A82 at Torvean. This includes a bridge crossing over the River Ness. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion in the city centre, improving connections and assisting the economic development of the city. Planning permission for the project was approved in April 2014, with funding for the West Link Road and associated enhanced sports facilities agreed in March Enabling works began in September 2015 in preparation for the building of the road. In June 2016 the NBFT were contracted by Wills Bros Civil Engineering Ltd to carry out pre-construction fish habitat and fish population surveys. This information would subsequently be used as a baseline with which to assess the extent of any losses and/or degradation of fish habitat and fish populations associated with the bridge construction works. The new West Link Bridge over the River Ness at Holm Mills in June 2017 NBFT staff completed follow-up post-project fish habitat and population surveys at the West Link Bridge Crossing in June and July Initial results suggest that, apart from the obvious addition of bridge piers in the River Ness, there has actually been very little (if any) change in habitat or the status of fish communities. The next phase of in-river works involved cutting the coffer dam piles around the bridge piers to bed level and reinstating the river bed. Reinforcements were also made to Holm Weir in the vicinity of the north bridge pier to protect it from scour and erosion. The latter involved draining an area of river bed around the north pier to create a dry working area. Water had to be pumped into the Whin Park Lade to maintain flows and prevent damage to fish populations and/or habitat. Furthermore, a series of fish rescues were required within the working area. Ness DSFB and NBFT staff attended site on the 12 th July 2017 to carry out a preliminary fish rescue. Approximately 200 juvenile salmon, trout and eels were rescued before the operation was abandoned due to leakage through the dumpy bag dam structure. The team returned to site on the 3 rd August 2017 to oversee a further trial drain down. The operation demonstrated that with additional pumps, it would be possible to achieve the desired water levels and carry out a successful fish rescue. The main fish rescue was completed on the 28 th and 29 th August 2017, with a total of approximately 200 eels, 100 salmonids and 50 juvenile lampreys relocated to the main River Ness. A further small-scale rescue was completed on the 4 th September of 75

39 Ness DSFB and NBFT staff carrying out a fish rescue at the West Link Bridge site to facilitate dewatering and completion of scour protection Scour protection works at both bridge piers and the section of weir alongside the north pier have now been successfully completed. A layer of concrete was placed inside the footprint of the cofferdams below river bed level and the sheet piles were then removed by divers using cutting equipment. A layer of natural river cobbles was then laid on top of the concrete to restore the natural river bed. All instream works associated with the West Link Bridge project were completed before the deadline of the 15 th October 2017 (to protect spawning salmon and trout). 35 of 75

40 NESS WEIR REFURBISHMENT PROJECT This year, Scottish Canals (SC) undertook a major refurbishment of the 200-year-old Thomas Telford-built Ness Weir on the Caledonian Canal. Constructed between 1825 and 1830, the weir retains around 100,000,000m 3 of water in Loch Ness and allows vessels to transit through Dochgarroch Lock into Loch Ness. The aim of this 2 million Scottish Government-funded project was to extend the structure s lifespan by a century and saw it reinforced with 500 metres of steel piling. A Fisheries Impact Assessment (FIA) was requested, together with a Habitats Regulations Assessment covering any potential impacts on the River Moriston Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The production of these documents was led by environmental consultancy APEM Limited, in close consultation with the Ness DSFB and NBFT. They were submitted to SEPA in support of a CAR Licence application. Piling in place along the waste weir at Ness Weir (upstream view) It was agreed that instream works would only commence after 1 st July to minimise potential impacts on salmon smolts and to protect adult salmon heading to the River Moriston SAC. A temporary fish pass would be constructed to ensure the passage of adult salmon was maintained during closure of the existing fish pass (known as the spout ). Safe passage for anglers would also be provided throughout the duration of the works to avoid disruption to fishing on the River Ness. Piling along the waste weir (the section that runs dry during low flows) was completed from a temporary track constructed along the crest of the weir, with a barge used to pile along the length of the service weir (the section that is always wet). The next phase of the works involved the closure of the existing fish pass with a coffer dam to create a dry working area. A temporary fish pass was designed by specialist company FishTek Ltd in consultation with the Ness DSFB and NBFT. This was designed to provide a sufficient depth of water and attraction flow for fish to find the pass and move upstream, whilst being buildable in the given timescales. The key features of the proposed pass were as follows: At the downstream end was a section of Alaskan A Pass that accommodated the full head-drop across the weir of approximately 1.2 metres; Immediately upstream of the Alaskan A pass was a section of steel channel that was intended to convey water to the pass, while also providing a strong structural link between the existing structures and the Alaskan A pass; and Upstream of the section of steel channel was a long section of large diameter pipe. This had a long window cut into the top to ensure that adequate light entered this pipe so that fish were not dissuaded from swimming through it. The pass was installed alongside the SSE sluices on the right side of the weir (looking downstream) by means of a helicopter. FishTek also provided a camera monitoring system which was used to assess whether fish were able to successfully negotiate the temporary fish pass. It was installed by FishTek and the contractors, but 36 of 75

41 managed on a day to day basis by the NBFT. Further to this, the NBFT and Ness DSFB carried out a number of fish rescues and fisheries protection patrols associated with the works. Installation of the temporary fish pass on Ness Weir together with details of the camera monitoring system The temporary fish pass remained in operation between the 21 st September and 1 st October 2017 whilst the crest and toe of the weir in the area of the spout were piled. No adult fish were detected by the camera, this was thought to be due to a lack of fish moving rather than a problem with the design of the fish pass. 37 of 75

42 UPPER GARRY SALMON RESTORATION PROJECT The abundance of salmon in the Upper River Garry has declined over the last 50 years and is showing little sign of recovery. Historical stocking undertaken as mitigation for loss of habitat following historical hydroelectric development, together with subsequent easing of fish passage, has proven to be unsuccessful. It is believed that the indigenous population may have been affected by none-native strains of salmon that may not be fully adapted to their environment. Initial baseline genetic monitoring has indicated that a remnant of the original native stock of salmon is still present. The River Kingie in the Upper Garry system, the last stronghold of the original native salmon stock SSE, NBFT, Ness NDSFB, Marine Harvest (MH), SEPA and the Rivers and Lochs Institute (RLI) have come together to collaborate on the delivery of a project to restore a self-sustaining wild salmon population to the Upper River Garry. In 2012 the RLI was commissioned by the Ness DSFB to carry out a scoping study for the development of a salmon stock restoration programme for the Upper Garry. Their recommendations included the implementation of carefully targeted, designed and linked enhancement initiatives, encompassing habitat improvement and stock rehabilitation through supportive breeding and supplementary stocking. The supportive breeding and supplementary stocking element of the project involves capture of a proportion of the Upper Garry salmon smolts as they migrate downstream towards the sea between April and May. These fish will then be grown on to maturity in captivity, enabling a sufficient number of eggs to be produced to have a meaningful impact on the system. A Three Year Review of Supportive Breeding Programme was completed in February This included a review of progress to date (2014 to 2016), revised targets and timescales and an updated risk assessment for stocking activity. It was presented by the NBFT in support of an application to the Ness DSFB for permission to take salmon smolts using a rotary screw trap in spring A further application was sent to Marine Scotland Science to cover the capture of non-target species. Both were successful and trapping commenced on the 3 rd April of 75

43 A total of 304 fish were retained for the Garry Project and transferred to the temporary holding pen in Loch Garry. The surviving 291 fish were transferred to Drimsallie Hatchery on the 25 th April 2017 and settled in extremely well. At the time of writing this report survival of these fish stood at approximately 60 per cent, well within expected levels. From this point forward, we do not expect to see any significant increase in the mortality rate. Some of the 2017 smolts on their introduction to a tank at Drimsallie Hatchery The salmon smolts captured in 2016 are doing extremely well after a full year in the freshwater environment at Drimsallie Hatchery. Survival stands at approximately 50 per cent, with the largest fish now in the region of four to five pounds in weight. These fish will be ready for their first stripping in December 2017, with the eyed ova stocked into artificial redds (or nests) across the upper Garry system in spring Some of the 2016 brood fish photographed in July 2017 after a full year in the hatchery 39 of 75

44 A meeting was held with Dr Mark Coulson at UHI Rivers and Lochs Institute on the 28 th February 2017 to discuss the scope of genetic analysis on the 2016 and 2017 samples. It was decided that this work should include the genetic screening of three marker sets as follows: 1. Microsatellite screening (17 markers) - These markers will address two main aims: (a) individual genetic relatedness among individuals for determining which crosses to make once they are ready for stripping, as well as to create a genetic baseline for future parentage analysis of returning adults to assess the efficacy of the restoration practices; and (b) population genetic structuring to assess whether individuals sampled for rearing are from one or multiple distinct breeding populations and if so, is there differential survival among the populations. 2. Sex marker (1 marker + control) - This assay will allow for the sex of each individual screened to be determined. Males will yield a positive result while females will give a negative. This will help to determine the sex ratio of the broodstock for planning of hatchery crosses. 3. Farm-Wild SNPs (60 markers) - These markers will be used to determine if any potential broodstock are either farm escapees as well as assess the probability that individuals have farmed ancestry. The team at the UHI Rivers and Lochs Institute began the analysis of the tissue samples at their new Genomic Laboratory in Inverness in summer We expect the results to be ready prior to the 2016 fish being stripped this autumn/winter time and the information will be used to inform the most appropriate crosses of broodfish. Tissue samples from the Garry tissue samples being analysed in the UHI Rivers and Lochs Institute Genomics Laboratory on the 18 th July 2017 A decision to omit the transition to saltwater and instead grow the Garry smolts to maturity in a freshwater environment has resulted in a significant increase in survival rates and we are delighted with progress to date. It is important to note that this is a long-term project and it will take a significant length of time before any benefits are realised. To illustrate this, all things going well, the eyed ova stocked out in 2018 (from the 2016 brood fish) will only return as adults between 2021 (one sea winter fish) and 2023 (three sea winter fish). 40 of 75

45 PREDATOR MANAGEMENT Significant numbers of goosanders, mergansers and cormorants frequent the Ness catchment. These birds are known to predate on a wide range of fish species, with juvenile salmon and trout forming a major component of their diet. A River Garry salmon smolt showing beak damage There are a number of areas in the Ness system where salmon are particularly vulnerable to bird predation and where our efforts are focused. These are summarised below: River Garry The abundance of salmon in the Upper River Garry has declined over the last fifty years and is showing little sign of recovery. This particularly fragile area of the system is currently subject to a restoration strategy. The ability to manage the fishing eating bird populations in this area aids the recovery of its salmon populations; River Moriston The River Moriston is designated as an SAC for freshwater pearl mussels and salmon, which play a vital role in the lifecycle of the mussel. The NBFT are undertaking an artificial encystment programme in the upper reaches of the river as part of the LIFE+ Pearls in Peril project. This aims to 41 of 75

46 increase the range of pearl mussels in the River Moriston. A licence to shoot birds as an aid to scaring has the potential to reduce losses of encysted parr over the winter/spring period; and River Ness The wide, shallow and clear waters of the River Ness make ideal feeding grounds for fish eating birds. The NASCO rod tool has identified a specific problem with autumn (and summer) salmon populations on the River Ness and Loch Ness. It recommends that management actions should be considered. A successful application for a licence to shoot birds as an aid to scaring provides further protection to this vulnerable stock component. Non-lethal methods have been used to great effect in terms of goosanders (particularly on the River Ness), however this has relied upon the ability to carry out limited shooting to reinforce the effect on the birds. Scaring has proven to be much less effective in terms of cormorants, the numbers of which seem to be increasing on our rivers and lochs, particularly during the winter period. Cormorants have been observed hunting amongst groups of actively spawning adult salmon and trout. Cormorant (top) and goosander (bottom) chasing salmon and trout in the Ness system 42 of 75

47 CONTROL OF INVASIVE NON-NATIVE SPECIES A successful application by the NBFT to the Landfill Community Fund (administered through EB Scotland), supported by a financial contribution from the Ness DSFB, allowed treatment of the densest colonies of invasive, non-native plant species in the Ness Catchment during Giant hogweed was treated on the mainstem of the River Ness. On the DAFOR Scale (a scale used to describe abundance of plants), hogweed was described as being rare, with around fifteen plants sprayed along 1km of the mainstem. Knotweed is more frequent along the mainstem of the Ness and all stands were stem injected along 1km of the mainstem. American skunk cabbage was first identified on the upper River Ness at Ballindarroch in Control took place for the first time in 2015 and the population was greatly reduced. A handful of plants were sprayed in 2017 and the site will be re-visited in the coming years. The longevity of the skunk cabbage seed is well documented and the site will be the subject to control for some years to come. Giant Hogweed along the banks of the Little Mill Burn near Munlochy Following four years of collaborative hogweed control by various riparian owners along the banks of the Little Mill Burn near Munlochy, it was disheartening to record plants in abundance in By the time NBFT became aware of their presence, we were outside the period where chemical control would be effective. Control therefore took the form of removing seed heads from mature plants. Again, this is a very labourintensive form of control but is extremely effective in removing the seed bank to prevent the spread of plants in subsequent years. The source of hogweed on the Little Mill Burn is still unknown. However, we are hopeful to identify the source in the coming years and steer our control of these plants accordingly. 43 of 75

48 On the Rivers Enrick and Coiltie, control focussed on Himalayan Balsam. This species has been controlled since 2008 and the population has been greatly reduced. Around 4km of river bank was cleared in The plant is no way eradicated with smaller stands becoming apparent on the banks of Loch Ness. However, the population is now at a level whereby control is becoming easier year on year. Japanese Knotweed has also been controlled since The number of dense stands of knotweed have been greatly reduced since that time and the plants that remain are extremely small. The decision was therefore taken to let the stands to grow to allow control to take place in 2018 through means of stem injection. Although this is the most labourintensive method of controlling knotweed; results are better than when using conventional spraying techniques. Numerous sightings of Mink were reported during the Spring and Summer, with the majority occurring around Bught park and Caledonian Canal (the other sightings on the River Garry and Loch Ness tributaries). NBFT trust biologists witnessed one mink during a fish rescue at the West Link construction site. Traps were deployed resulting in the capture of two juvenile mink. These animals were humanely dispatched. Setting a live catch trap for mink Following a successful application to the Heritage Lottery Fund, control of invasive non-native plant species (INNPS) from 2018 to 2022 will be funded by the Scottish Invasive Species Initiative (SISI); a very large and ambitious project that is being spearheaded by Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH). SISI aims to control invasive non-native species across approximately 29,500km 2 of Northern Scotland. Targets include Japanese knotweed, Himalayan Balsam, American skunk cabbage, giant hogweed and American mink. 44 of 75

49 Pacific Pink Salmon The Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) is native to Pacific and Arctic coastal waters and rivers, from the Sacramento River in northern California to the Mackenzie River in Canada; and in the west from the Lena River in Siberia to Korea and Honshu in Japan. They were introduced to some Russian rivers in the Barent and White Sea areas between the 1960s and 1990s. They have slowly spread westwards and have now colonised some northern Norwegian rivers where self-sustaining populations have now established. Small numbers of pink salmon have turned up in UK rivers for several decades, but this year has seen by far the largest number of fish captured in any single year. ROD CATCHES On the 6 th July 2017 the Ness DSFB received the first report of a pink salmon being caught by rod and line on the River Ness at Ness Side Estate. The angler described the fish as short, fat and silver with a very spotty tail. It weighed approximately 2.75 pounds and was photographed by an estate ghillie who, having seen reports of recent catches in Irish waters, realised that it may have been a pink salmon. This very quickly resulted in a second report of pink salmon having been caught the previous day by an angler in the Blackstream at Ness Castle Lodges, approximately one kilometre further upstream. The angler had released it back to the river without taking a photograph, at the time believing that it was an unusual looking Atlantic salmon. A total of eight rod caught fish were reported on the River Ness during the 2017 rod fishing season. Photographs of Pacific pink salmon caught on the River Ness in 2017 (fresh fish on the top row, mature and spent fish on the bottom) Scales retained from the fish were examined by Ness DSFB staff. They were found to be significantly smaller than that of the Atlantic salmon, with no defined freshwater growth. This indicates that the fish had rapidly migrated to the sea after hatching, which is consistent with the lifecycle of the pink salmon. The fish were all found to have a total age of 1+ years, which is also consistent with the two-year lifecycle of the pink salmon. The growth patterns on the scales allowed us to conclude that the eggs of these fish were laid in late summer 2015, emerged in late winter/early spring 2016 and arrived in the River Ness in mid-summer There was no erosion on the edge of the scales taken from the fresh fish, indicating that they had spent very little time in freshwater. Those from the mature fish exhibited advanced erosion. This is due to the fact that the fish had stopped feeding and were re-absorbing their scales as a source of minerals. 45 of 75

50 Comparison of scale samples taken from equally sized Atlantic (left) and Pacific pink (right) salmon caught by rod and line on the River Ness in summer 2017 POST MORTEM EXAMINATIONS The carcasses of a number of pink salmon were handed in to the Ness DSFB for closer examination. This included that of a five-pound female in breeding colours caught on the 26 th July Internal examination indicated that fish had a little further to go before spawning and we estimated that it contained approximately 1,700 eggs. No signs of internal damage were noted and there were no obvious signs of parasites or disease. The gut and stomach were completely empty, suggesting the fish had not fed recently and had been in freshwater for some time (confirmed by examination of scales). External and internal comparison of a female (top) and male (bottom) Pacific pink salmon in breeding condition - both fish caught on the River Ness 46 of 75

51 Two further female pink salmon caught on the River Ness on the 16 th August 2017 were found to have already spawned and deposited their eggs. They both had damage to their tail (caudal) fins resulting from cutting redds (or nests). Following our examinations, all the fish was delivered to the UHI Rivers and Lochs Institute where they have been frozen pending further investigations. SPAWNING OBSERVATIONS Following the capture of mature male and female fish in spawning colours, the Ness DSFB decided to position an underwater camera in the River Ness to monitor potential spawning activity. On the 8 th August 2017 a lone female pink salmon was recorded passing the camera. The fish was in spawning colours and it was clear that she was close to spawning. A male with its distinctive hump was subsequently caught on camera on the 10 th August The first signs of actual spawning activity were recorded on the 11 th August 2017 when a spent female pink salmon was seen exhibiting cutting behaviour on a redd (or nest), with the actual fertilisation of eggs recorded on the 14 th August 2017 (a UK first). Pair of pacific pink salmon observed spawning on the River Ness in August of 75

52 IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING OF REDDS (OR NESTS) Once spawning was confirmed, we carried out surveys to establish the location of as many of the pink salmon redds as possible. This involved the use of an aerial drone, together with walk over surveys to confirm that what the drone was seeing were in fact pink salmon redds. We looked for clean areas of river gravel where the female fish had created a depression with her tail in which to lay her eggs (marked with a red dot on the image below). These areas contrasted against the darker undisturbed areas of river bed which were coated in a layer of algae. Image from an aerial drone survey carried on the River Ness on the 20th August 2017, with Pacific pink salmon 'redds' (or nests) clearly visible (shown in red) Once confirmed, we began marking the location of known Pacific pink salmon redds with streamer tape in anticipation of any future opportunities assess the viability of their eggs. 48 of 75

53 INCUBATION BOXES On the 4 th September 2017 a total of 200 Pacific pink salmon eggs were recovered from nests (or redds) in the River Ness as part of an ongoing assessment of viability. The majority were found to have developed to eyed ova stage. This meant that they were successfully fertilised and were close to hatching. A number of empty shells were also recovered initially leading us to conclude that some may have already hatched, however this was more likely to have been a result of eggs rupturing during the recovery process. Pacific pink salmon eyed ova during recovery from redds in the River Ness The eggs were transferred into two fully enclosed in-stream incubation chambers provided by MSS and under licence from SNH (100 eggs in each). These were buried in the river gravel together with two temperature loggers (one above and another below the gravel). This would allow us to monitor the survival of the eggs, together with the time and temperature at hatching and emergence (the point at which the fry swim up from the gravel). Placing eggs into the instream incubation chambers provided by Marine Scotland Science and the first recorded hatching The eggs were regularly checked by removing the incubators and emptying the contents into white trays for closer inspection. A newly hatched Pacific pink salmon 'alevin' was recorded on the 23 rd September 2017, the first ever record of natural hatching in the UK. Further eggs were found to have hatched in subsequent days and, although survival was low (approximately three per cent), a number of the alevins were developing well and beginning to develop a silver colouration in preparation for their seaward migration. On the 15 th November 2017 we found that none of the fish had gone on to survive to the point of emergence (when they swim up from the gravel). Despite the mortalities experienced in the incubation boxes, we believe it likely that at least a small proportion of pink salmon contained in natural 'redds' in the River Ness will go on to emerge. It seems that this may occur earlier than it would in their natural range (November/December rather than April/May). This may reduce their chances of survival in the marine environment. 49 of 75

54 INTERNATIONAL PINK SALMON WORKSHOP The Ness DSFB were invited to attend an excellent international Pacific pink salmon workshop in Edinburgh hosted by Professor Colin Bean from SNH. Representatives were present from a range of government agencies and academic institutions from Scotland, England, Ireland, Norway and Iceland, with further reports relayed from France, Germany, Finland and Denmark. The Ness DSFB, Dee DSFB and Fisheries Management Scotland (FMS) represented the Scottish fisheries management sector. The international pink salmon meeting at the Novotel in Edinburgh on the 21 st September 2017 Unprecedented numbers of pink salmon were reported across the range of countries in A total of 139 Pink salmon were recorded across Scotland in 2017 (75 rod and line; 24 commercial nets; 26 targeted netting; 8 observed). A further six dead fish were also reported. There is some evidence of fish moving as far as 50 km upstream in the River Dee (Aberdeenshire), where attempts were made to excavate eggs and manually disrupt redds. Some of these eggs were removed and are being monitored by MSS at various temperatures under laboratory conditions to assess hatching success. A summary of the proceedings of the meeting are currently being produced by SNH which will be publicly available in due course. This will include details of catches reported in other countries, current management actions and proposed future management actions. We don t know for sure why they arrived in such numbers this year. It may be a one-off and the result of an exceptionally strong year class for this species in Russia, or it may become a more regular feature. We need to keep an open mind and gather as much information as we can. Due to their two-year lifecycle, the progeny will be derived from distinct odd or even years, with the Russian/Norwegian fish being odd-year stocks. It is therefore possible, and likely, that they will occur again in of 75

55 Conservation Regulations In 2016 the Scottish Government introduced a package of measures to manage the conservation of salmon on an annual basis according to its conservation status. The conservation status of each stock is defined by the probability of the stock meeting its conservation limit (CL) over a five-year period. Rather than a simple pass or fail, stocks have been allocated to one of three grades, each with its own recommended management actions. This included the introduction of mandatory catch and release in areas where stocks were below their conservation limit ( Category 3 ). Scottish Government conservation status grades with associated management actions Category Probability meeting CL of Effectively CL met in: Advice 1 At least 80% 4 out of 5 years Exploitation is sustainable therefore no additional management action is currently required. This recognises the effectiveness of existing non-statutory local management interventions % 3 out of 5 years Management action is necessary to reduce exploitation; mandatory catch and release will not be required in the first instance, but this will be reviewed annually. 3 Less than 60% 2 out of 5 years Exploitation is unsustainable therefore management actions required to reduce exploitation for 1 year i.e. mandatory catch and release (all methods) CONSERVATION REGULATIONS For the 2017 season, the Ness district as a whole was assessed as having an 88 per cent probability of meeting its conservation limits ( Category 1 ), whereas the Moriston SAC was assessed as having only an eight per cent probability ( Category 3 ) of meeting its conservation limits. As such, the Scottish Government initially proposed that the whole Ness district be assigned Category 3 for the second year in a row. The Ness DSFB logged a formal appeal based on the potential socio-economic impacts on the rod and net fishery, together with the fact that we have technical concerns regarding the approach used to assess the Moriston s conservation status. It was agreed that Grade 3 status would remain across the district until the 30 th June to protect spring salmon and early running grilse destined for the Moriston. From 1 st July it would remain mandatory that all fish caught in the Moriston conservation area must be released - but the River Ness, Loch Ness and the rest of the Ness district would be uplifted to Grade 2 status, allowing a limited number of fish to be caught and retained. This was accompanied by a 2017 Salmon Conservation Policy to meet the Scottish Government s requirement for reduced exploitation on Grade 2 systems. A new Salmon Length/Weight Estimator tape was also introduced, allowing the angler to gain a good estimate of the fish s weight simply by measuring its length. This aimed to minimise handling of those fish to be returned and ensure compliance with size limits. It was hoped that these measures would help to ensure that the necessary protections were in place for the Moriston stocks, whilst maximising the economic benefits on the wider Ness system. 51 of 75

56 2018 CONSERVATION REGULATIONS The proposed 2018 gradings for the Ness district remain the same as those in Grade 3 status will remain across the district until the 30 th June to protect spring salmon and early running grilse destined for the Moriston (with a 0.5 per cent probability of meeting its egg requirement ). From 1 st July, it will remain mandatory that all fish caught in the Moriston conservation area must be released - but the River Ness, Loch Ness and the rest of the Ness district will be uplifted to Grade 2 status (with a per cent probability of meeting its egg requirement ), allowing a limited number of fish to be caught and retained (this will be accompanied by a 2018 Salmon Conservation Policy to meet the Scottish Government s requirement for reduced exploitation on Grade 2 systems). All salmon caught in the River Moriston conservation area (shown in grey) must be released throughout the season The Ness DSFB and NBFT responded that we feel the Scottish Government s (SGs) proposed conservation assessment for the River Moriston SAC (0.5 per cent probability of meeting its egg requirement) does not reflect the situation on the ground. In our opinion, it is highly unlikely that the River Moriston could ever support an egg requirement of >5,000,000 eggs. The availability of suitable spawning habitat in the system is extremely patchy and concentrated in key areas, mainly above Dundreggan Dam. We also referred the Scottish Government to their quoted exploitation rates for the Ness (non-sac) which the SG has estimated as being between 12 and 15 per cent. We feel that this is a significant over estimation which does not reflect the true situation on the ground. The Ness DSFB and Ness and Beauly Fisheries Trust have previously estimated exploitation rates at between 4 and 6 per cent across the system. Please note that at the time of writing this report the proposed 2018 gradings had not been formally adopted in legislation by the Scottish Government and so could potentially be subject to change. The final decision on gradings is due by February of 75

57 53 of Annual Report

58 CATCH AND RELEASE BEST PRACTICE GUIDANCE With mandatory catch and release in force on the Ness district, it is important that fish are handled correctly. By following the advice below, you will give them the best chance of going on to spawn successfully: Use pinched or barbless hooks to reduce unhooking time. Limit the duration of the fight, especially during warm low water periods. Using a stronger leader enables an angler to reel in the fish more rapidly. If tailing a salmon, never beach or drag it onto the bank or exposed gravel bar. After firmly grasping the fish by the tail, place the other hand under the abdomen to support it. Avoid taking the fish out of the water, holding it upside down by the tail or keeping it in areas where you have disturbed river sediment. When handling salmon, avoid any contact with the eyes or gills. Using our Salmon Length/Weight Estimator tape will help to reduce handling After carefully removing the fly, position the salmon facing upstream and allow it to breathe naturally without moving it back and forth (which hinders the salmon s breathing mechanism). Water must be sucked in through the mouth and expelled through the gills by the pulsating movements of the gill covers. If the fly is too deeply embedded in the throat, it is best to simply cut the leader and leave the hook where it is. Sometimes recovery may take several minutes, notably after a long exhausting struggle. There is no set time to free the revived salmon; its increasing vigorous behaviour will indicate to you the right moment to let it go. If using a net to land salmon, use a knotless small mesh size net to prevent injuries to the eyes. The angler should manoeuvre the salmon towards the net which is held stationary, usually by someone else. This person should not chase after the salmon with the net. Take the salmon out of the net by grasping it by the tail and supporting it under the abdomen. Large salmon can also be supported horizontally over your forearm to prevent excessive pressure on its internal organs. If pictures are desired, keep the head of the salmon under water while making preparations. For posing, salmon can be held out of the water for less than five seconds without endangering its survival. Recent studies have shown that when done correctly, catch and release had little or no effect on the reproductive capacity of the freed salmon. With an average sized hen salmon weighing 10 pounds producing approximately 5,000 eggs, catch and release can make a significant contribution to salmon conservation. 54 of 75

59 Fisheries Enforcement A decline in the numbers of salmon returning to our rivers in recent years has resulted in a shift in priorities for many DSFBs. There is now an increasing focus on fisheries science (to identify problems) and management (to address the problems). Water bailiffs, as the primary employees of a DSFB, are expected to have a much wider range of skills and experience than in the past and are spending a larger proportion of their time on nonenforcement issues. The proportion of a DSFB s annual budget available for enforcement has decreased, leading to fewer dedicated water bailiffs. At the same time poaching is still an issue, so there is a need to do more with less and to make the best use of available resources. A Ness DSFB water bailiff during an evening patrol along the south shore of Loch Ness in summer 2017 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Ness DSFB water bailiffs attended a one-day Conflict Resolution and Handcuff Training refresher course with Niton Training Ltd. The techniques covered on the course are in line with those currently taught to UK Police officers. Niton Ltd ensures that students are fully aware of the lesser options available before any force is used. Our full-time staff members are now fully certified in court credible techniques for another year. The IFM also delivered a regional course relating to rod and line techniques and its scope for illegal use. Police Scotland Highlands and Islands Wildlife Coordinator PC Dan Sutherland was present and gave advice regarding the collection and presentation of evidence. PARTNERSHIP WORKING Police Scotland wildlife crime officers accompanied Ness DSFB water bailiffs on a number of patrols across the Ness district during the 2017 season. The purpose of these patrols was to engage with members of the angling community and to ensure compliance with the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries (Consolidation) Scotland Act Salmon poaching is one of the six national UK wildlife crime priorities and tackling those involved in it remains a priority for the local partnership between water bailiffs and Police Scotland wildlife crime officers. By preventing the illegal exploitation of fish, we aim to maximise the numbers going on to successfully spawn. 55 of 75

60 Police Scotland wildlife crime officer whilst on a joint patrol with Ness water bailiffs The Ness DSFB continues to represent Fisheries Management Scotland (FMS) on the Highland branch of the Partnership against Wildlife Crime (HPAW). Other partner organisations include Police Scotland, The Highland Council, Scottish Natural Heritage, RSPB Scotland, Scottish Land and Estates, National Farmers Union Scotland and the Scottish Gamekeepers Association. Furthermore, the Ness DSFB has representation on the FMS Enforcement Committee and the Scottish Government Regulatory Enforcement Group. LOCH NESS PATROL BOAT The Ness DSFB s MECAL certified patrol boat BRADÁN (Scottish Gaelic for salmon) continues to act as a visible deterrent on Loch Ness. This allows us to ensure that regulations on the loch are being adhered to and in so doing prevent the illegal exploitation of fish. Carrying out a patrol on Loch Ness in summer of 75

61 LATEST ENFORCEMENT STATISTICS The number of inland fisheries incidents detected across the freshwater reaches of the Ness District during the season has fallen by 28 per cent in the last five years (from 114 in 2013 to 82 in 2017). The majority of these incidents relate to fishing for salmon or sea trout without written right or permission, or the use of live vertebrates as bait (specifically minnows). In recent years we have also detected an increase in the number of out of season fishing incidents, particularly involving individuals targeting brown trout. It is not clear whether this relates to an actual increase, or the fact that we are more actively patrolling during the close period than was previously the case. Number of incident of illegal fishing in the Ness Salmon District (2013 to 2016) Inland Fisheries Incidents Coastal Fisheries Incidents No. of Offences Detected Year No. of Offences Detected Year Out of Season Fisheries Incidents Offences Reported to Procurator Fiscal No. of Offences Detected No. of Offences Detected Year Year The number of coastal fisheries incidents detected across the marine or estuarine reaches of the Ness District during the season increased by a concerning 65 per cent between 2014 and This related to individuals fishing for sea trout without legal right or written permission and coincided with an increase in the number of sea trout being caught in the Firth. In response, the Ness DSFB increased its presence at key locations and carried out a number of targeted patrols with Police Scotland. This resulted in the number of incidents reducing by 55 per cent in 2017, albeit remaining relatively high. The number of offences reported to the Procurator Fiscal in 2017 (rather than the individual receiving a verbal or notebook warning) was the joint highest for the study period. Offences ranged from fishing in the annual close time, fishing for salmon without legal right or written permission, fishing for salmon on a Sunday, fishing with live vertebrates and obstruction. 57 of 75

62 Fisheries Development Fishing effort on the Ness system has been in decline for a number of years. This is thought to be due to a combination of factors, not least declining catches making the Ness system seem like a less popular angling destination. The fewer the rods fishing the Ness district, the lower the annual catch is likely to be. This has the knock on effect of further discouraging anglers from fishing, i.e. it becomes a vicious circle. It is therefore vitally important that measures are taken to break the circle by promoting the Ness system as a premier salmon fishing destination and encouraging more rods of all ages on the river. SCOTLAND S SALMON FESTIVAL, INVERNESS The first Scotland s Salmon Festival was held in Inverness between the 31 st August and 5 th September Its primary aim was to raise awareness of the Atlantic salmon, its lifecycle, cultural and economic importance in Scotland and the pressures that it currently faces. The event was a great success. The second Scotland s Salmon Festival took place from the 29 th August to 2 nd September 2017, coinciding with Inverness Angling Club s centenary celebrations. In the run up to the event, local primary school pupils were invited to compose salmon related poems and to create decorative salmon. These were displayed at Inverness Airport, greeting travellers to the Highland capital throughout the summer. Local children from Baloch, Central, Dalneigh and Kimmylies Primary Schools decorated salmon and wrote poetry which was displayed at Inverness Airport 58 of 75

63 Peter Hutchinson (Chairman of NASCO) formally opened the salmon festival at UHI s two-day international science conference, entitled "Atlantic Salmon Marine Ecology - knowns and unknowns". Speaking to managers, policy makers, anglers and academics from this sector, it provided an excellent opportunity to exchange information on the marine ecology of Atlantic Salmon. Other events included a film night at Eden Court Theatre, public evening lectures, a two-day family fair at Bught Park and an international Spey casting competition to celebrate IAC s centenary. The festival concluded with a civic dinner at Inverness Town Hall in honour of IAC reaching the fine age of 100 years. A few of the highlights from the second Scotland s Salmon Festival The festival brought together a range of interests from across the wild fisheries and aquaculture sectors. The Ness DSFB, in common with others, has concerns about the potential impact that poor fish farm management practices can have on salmon populations. That said, we also have an appreciation of the benefits an environmentally sustainable and competitive salmon farming industry can bring to Scotland. All kinds of food production, including aquaculture, impact on the environment and the challenge is to minimise this impact in a way that ensures that wild and farmed salmon can co-exist. In recent years our understanding of the interactions between wild and farmed salmon has improved greatly. In response, the aquaculture industry has significantly increased its efforts in relation to the prevention of escapes and the control of sea lice. There is still much more to be done, but we believe that it is best achieved by working together in the spirit of partnership and trust. SUPPORT FOR INVERNESS ANGLING CLUB The Ness DSFB values the significant contribution that Inverness Angling Club (IAC) makes to the promotion of angling for all in the Inverness area. In recognition of this and to help ensure the continued provision of affordable and accessible salmon fishing in the Ness district, the board provided 2,500 in financial support to IAC for the 2017 season. 59 of 75

64 Graham Mackenzie (President) and other IAC Committee Members receiving the cheque from Chris Conroy on Behalf of the Ness DSFB MEDIA PROMOTION The Ness DSFB has continued to promote the Ness district salmon fishery and engage with anglers and the wider public by means of traditional press releases. These have achieved Scottish, UK national and international coverage. An increasing number of posts, photographs and videos have also been uploaded via social media. The Ness DSFB s Facebook Page ( currently has 9,324 follows (up from 2,663 in 2016 and by far the highest of any DSFB). The Ness Board Twitter page ( currently has 1,084 followers (up from 654 in 2016) and we have Tweeted a total of 1,908 posts. We have recently opened an Instagram account ( with 435 followers and have uploaded a total of 242 posts; consisting mainly of photographs of the fish, catches, personalities and landscape of the Ness district. The arrival of Pacific pink salmon on the Ness system attracted particular attention from the press, with a number of local and national (Scottish) television appearances by Ness DSFB staff. This included features on STV News and the BBC Landward programme. Ness DSFB staff were also interviewed for BBC Radio Scotland s Out of Doors programme and the Pace Productions Into the Wilderness Pod Cast, where they also discussed wider fisheries management activities in the Ness system. The new series of STV s Turas a' Bhradain (Journey of the Salmon) programme will feature an episode on the River Ness. This will cover angling opportunities, pink salmon, the work of the NBFT and Scotland s Salmon Festival. 60 of 75

65 The Ness DSFB team have been working hard to promote the Ness system salmon fishery and the work of the Ness DSFB 61 of 75

66 Wild Fisheries Reform In January 2014, the First Minister announced that a Wild Fisheries Review would be undertaken during The aims of the review were to: Develop and promote a modern, evidence-based management system for wild fisheries fit for purpose in the 21 st century, and capable of responding to the changing environment; and To manage, conserve and develop our wild fisheries to maximise the sustainable benefit of Scotland s wild fish resources to the country as a whole and particularly to rural areas. On 8 th October 2014, the review submitted its final report and 54 recommendations to the Minister for Environment and Climate Change. Following on from the Review, the Scottish Government (SG) embarked upon a programme of Wild Fisheries Reform, including a package of Conservation Regulations. During 2015, a consultation paper was published which set out the SG s response to the Wild Fisheries Review. The responses were considered and the analysis published. A consultation paper on draft provisions for a Wild Fisheries (Scotland) Bill and draft Wild Fisheries Strategy followed on the 8 th February The SG s Programme for Government was announced in September This excluded the Wild Fisheries Bill, indicating that the legislative process would be delayed. The ambition of the Wild Fisheries Reform (WFR) process has since been significantly reduced, but the intention to bring forward a Wild Fisheries Bill remains. The timing for this is uncertain, particularly given Brexit and the Grand Repeal Bill. That said, the manifesto commitment remains, and a Bill is likely to come forward over the next two to three years. A number of the key components of WFR are considered below: The concept of Fisheries Management Organisations has now been taken off the table, but this is not necessarily a SG endorsement of the DSFBs and Trusts; Finance remains a key issue for the sector and unless addressed, will continue to be a limiting factor on fisheries management in Scotland. Declines in catches have placed increasing strain on the salmon levy. Scottish Ministers have ruled out a rod licence and regular and ongoing core funding is highly unlikely; Fisheries Management Planning is a key element of the reform process that Scottish Ministers are keen to progress; SG plan to maintain promotion and development of angling within the National Wild Fisheries Strategy; and SG intend to progress a web-based catch repository system, which will allow real time access for authorised organisations. This is intended to avoid the situation whereby the same data is collected three times, by different organisations. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT SCOTLAND The Association of Salmon Fishery Boards (ASFB) and the Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of Scotland (RAFTS) have now merged to become Fisheries Management Scotland (FMS). The membership of this new organisation consists of District Salmon Fishery Boards, The River Tweed Commission and Charitable Rivers and Fisheries Trusts. FMS maintains a regular dialogue with Government and Agencies to ensure the interests of its members and Scotland s wild freshwater fisheries are represented clearly. The Ness DSFB River Director was nominated to sit on the board of FMS and also sits on its Aquaculture and Enforcement committees. 62 of 75

67 Compliance with Good Governance Obligations Statutory good governance obligations are placed on district salmon fishery boards as defined in law by section 46 of the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act They comprise the original obligations placed on boards by the 2003 Act together with those introduced through amendments of the 2003 Act by the Aquaculture and Fisheries (Scotland) Act 2013 which came into force on the 16th September The purpose of the obligations is to enhance openness, transparency and accountability of the management of salmon fisheries by district salmon fishery boards. They bring together existing best practice to ensure that all boards act in a manner consistent with bodies operating in the public sphere. Key activities covered by these obligations include: Annual reports and accounts; Meetings of the board; Complaints procedures; and Register of member s interests. This section of the report demonstrates how we have complied with each of the key obligations since the coming into force of the Aquaculture and Fisheries (Scotland) Act 2013 on the 16 th September We will continue to follow the advice and guidance produced by both the Scottish Government and Fisheries Management Scotland over the coming year to ensure continued compliance with our good governance obligations. ANNUAL REPORT AND ACCOUNTS This annual report including accounts to the year ending 15 th May 2017 will be published on the Publications page of our website ( together with those for previous years. Hard copies will also be available from the clerk of the board on request. MEETINGS 2016 Annual Meeting of Qualified Proprietors The 2016 annual meeting of qualified proprietors took place on the 22 nd December This was publicised on the 27 th November 2016 via our website, Facebook page, Twitter feed, written notice to qualified proprietors and by advertisement in Graham s Tackle Shop in Inverness. Notification of the meeting was also ed to the Scottish Ministers on the same date. Seven board members (from a total of eleven) and six non-voting attendees were present (no public observers attended). The minutes of the meeting can be viewed on the Publications page of our website and were sent to Scottish ministers on the 17 th March 2016 (following approval at our March 2016 board meeting). The 2016 annual report and accounts to year ending 15 th May 2016 were approved and subsequently published on our website and submitted to Scottish ministers on the 5 th January Annual Public Meeting An annual public meeting was held on the 19 th January 2017, with the primary purpose of presenting the agreed and finalised annual report and accounts to the wider public. This was publicised on the 20 th December 63 of 75

68 2016 via our website, Facebook page, Twitter feed, written notice to qualified proprietors and by advertisement in Graham s Tackle Shop in Inverness. Notification of the meeting was also ed to Scottish ministers on the same date. The notice publicising the meeting invited interested parties to suggest items for discussion. No requests of matters for consideration at the meeting were received. The public meeting was attended by 24 individuals including local anglers from across the district, representatives from Inverness Angling Club, Lochaber DSFB, The Scottish Ghillie, Grahams Tackle Shop in Inverness, Ness Castle Lodges, Dochfour Fishings and the Ness and Beauly Fishery Trust. Attendees at the Ness DSFB 2016 Annual Public Meeting held in Inverness on the 19th January 2017 In the absence of Michael Martin (Chairman of the NDSFB), Neil Cameron gave a brief welcome and introduction to the 2016 Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 15 th May He thanked each of the sponsors CBEC Ecoengineering, Ness Castle Lodges and Strutt and Parker, without whom the high-quality print productions would not have been possible. Three presentations were then given as follows: 2016 A Year in Review (Chris Conroy - Director, NDSFB) - Chris provided an overview of the activities of the board over the previous year (including an analysis of the provisional rod catches for 2016) together with those planned for the forthcoming year. Ness and Beauly Fisheries Trust: Report on 2016 Activities (Nick Barker Senior Biologist, Ness and Beauly Fisheries Trust) - Nick provided an overview of the activities of the Trust over the last year, in particular the results of their fish monitoring programmes. The River Lochy Smolt Programme (John Gibb Drimsallie Hatchery Manager, Lochaber) - Our guest speaker John Gibb gave an overview of the River Lochy smolt programme, together with other projects that are being delivered via the Drimsallie Hatchery. 64 of 75

69 A question and answer session followed the presentations. The minutes of the meeting can be viewed on the Publications page of our website ( and were sent to Scottish ministers on the 17 th March 2017 (following approval at our March 2017 board meeting). Ordinary Board Meetings Ordinary board meetings were advertised on the News page of our website ( with the public being invited to observe. These were held on the 16 th March, 15 th June and the 14 th September The minutes of each of these meetings can be viewed on the Publications page of our website Annual Meeting of Qualified Proprietors A further ordinary board meeting will follow the 2017 annual meeting of qualified proprietors, which will take place on the 14 th December This was publicised on the 14 th November 2017 via our website, Facebook page, Twitter feed, written notice to qualified proprietors and by advertisement in Graham s Tackle Shop in Inverness. COMPLAINTS The board has set up and maintains a complaints procedure which can be viewed on the Good Governance page of our website ( This procedure was first produced on the 28 th August 2013 and approved at the board meeting on the 19 th September It has since undergone three iterations, with the latest version 1.3 published on the 5 th December During the last 12 months the Ness District Salmon Fishery Board has received no official complaints. MEMBERS INTERESTS The register of members interests can be viewed on the Good Governance page of our website ( We have included a standing item at each board meeting inviting board members to declare new or amend existing interests. All such instances are recorded in the minutes of these meetings, with the latest version 4.5 of the register published on the 22 nd November FORTHCOMING MEETINGS The provisional dates of forthcoming board meeting are as follows. Please note that these may be subject to change, with notification of the final dates being posted on our website and circulated to proprietors at least 21 days prior to the meeting. 18 th January annual public meeting 15 th March 2018 board meeting 14 th June 2018 board meeting 13 th September 2018 board meeting 13 th December annual meeting of qualified proprietors and board meeting The NDSFB invites the public to attend all of our meetings. However, certain items of business may be held in private. Please note that the legislation only makes provisions for members of the public to propose matters for consideration and speak at the annual public meeting. However, the NDSFB may at its own discretion wish to give interested parties the right to do so at other meetings. 65 of 75

70 Key Priorities for the Forthcoming Year In addition to the delivery of its core objectives in relation to fisheries science, management and enforcement, the board proposes to progress the following key objectives over the coming year: Work with partners to delivery key management actions identified in the Ness District Fisheries Management Plan ( ), to facilitate the: o o o Maintenance of or improvement in the density and distribution of juvenile salmon; Stabilisation or enhancement of the number of returning adult salmon and sea trout; and An increase in the socio-economic value of fisheries within the Ness district. Support the promotion and development of salmon fisheries in the Ness district, by: o o Encouraging the development of measures to generate more rods on the river, both in the short and longer term; and Continue to promote the Ness district via the NDSFB website and social media. Ensure the delivery of on-going projects, including: o o The Upper Garry Salmon Restoration Project; and The Garry Dam Screens Project. Work with the Scottish Government to refine conservation limits for the Ness district and River Moriston SAC, through: o o Continued representation on various technical working groups; and Provision of accurate and up to date information in a timely manner. Efficiently and effectively manage the board, through: o o o o o Full compliance with all statutes including the new good governance requirements; Compliance with the FMS Code of Governance for DSFBs; Provision of efficient administration; Ensuring sound financial control; and Being a good employer. Work in close partnership with and financially support the NBFT to help ensure: o o o The conservation and maintenance of the diversity of salmon and sea trout populations in the Ness system and to conserve their aquatic environment; The collection of accurate, adequate and up-to-date information on the status of fish stocks, their habitats and exploitation to facilitate an evidence based approach to fisheries management; and Education of the public and any association, company, local authority, administrative, or governmental agency or public body or representative body. 66 of 75

71 Financial Summary CHAIRMAN S FOREWORD The accounts for the year ended 15 May 2017 are included in this section of the report and show a net deficit of 5,988. The Ness DSFB had actually budgeted for a loss of 50,680, but not achieved this due to a continuing under spend on the Upper Garry Salmon Restoration Project. This will be carried over to the next financial year. Looking forward, expenditure is currently exceeding income by some 27,000 per annum. This is unsustainable and savings of this order will have to be found as reserves are expended on planned work. A Finance Subcommittee has been formed to consider all options and produce a sound financial structure for the future. Michael Martin Chairman 67 of 75

72 Ness District Salmon Fishery Board Accounts for the year ended 15 May 2017

73 Ness District Salmon Fishery Board Information Accountants Bankers Chief executive I clerk Frame Kennedy Chartered Accountants Metropolitan House High Street Inverness IV! li-it C!ydesdaJe Bank 38 High Street Banchory AB3J 5SR Chris Conroy Birchwood 4 Loch Lait Abriachan, Inverness IV38LB

74 Ness District Salmon Fishery Board Contents Page Accountants' report 1 Income and expenditure account 2 Balance sheet 3 Notes to the accounts 4-5

75 Ness District Salmon Fishery Board Independent examiner's report to the Board. We report on the accounts for the year ended 15 May 2017 set out on pages 2 to 5. Basis of Independent examiner's statement Our examination includes a review of the accounting records kept by the Iboard and a comparison of the accounts presented with those records. It also includes consideration of any unusual items or disclosures in the accounts, and seeks explanations from the board concerning any such matters. Independent examiner's statement In the course of our examination, no matter has come to our attention: I. Which gives us reasonable cause to believe that in any material respect the board have not met the requirements to ensure that: -proper accounting records are kept in accordance with the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 2003, and -to prepare accounts which accord with the accounting records 2. to which, in our opinion, attention should be drawn in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached. G~"~QJ, Chartered Accountants Metropolitan House High Street Inverness IVI IHT 14 December 2017 Page 1

76 Ness District Salmon Fishery Board Income and expenditure account for the year ended 15 May Income Assessments on Proprietors 103, ,832 Scottish & Southern Energy Plc 72,200 70, , ,872 Expenses Salaries 95,759 90,143 Staff training, meeting costs 3, 111 1,949 Netting Operators compensation 4,624 4,624 Insurance, health and safety 7,462 6,088 Repairs and renewals 1, Stationery, advertising and telephone 6,012 5,966 Moray Firth Sea Trout Project 500 lac Project 2,500 Motor expenses 14,879 12,144 Accountancy and Clerk's expenses 1,086 1,050 Bookkeeping 2,700 2,544 Bank interest and charges Bad debt provision (82) Ness & Beauly Fisheries Trust 16,560 16,560 Subscriptions 1,623 1,776 Catch and release 1,307 1,451 Boat patrol 1,420 Sundry expenses River Garry project 11,97 1 1,799 RLI - Project 2,000 3,000 Inner Moray Firth INNP 680 Depreciation plant and equipment Depreciation Boats 863 Depreciation motor vehicles 4,248 4,209 Loss/(gain) on di sposals of tangible assets Hire purchase interest (181,361) (157,222) Net Surplus/(Deficit) (5,988) 15,650 Page 2

77 Ness District Salmon Fishery Board Balance sheet as at 15 May 2017 Notes Fixed assets Tangi ble assets 1 24,890 16,594 Current assets Debtors Cash at bank and in nand 2 13,446 99,942 9, , , ,762 Current liabilities Trade creditors Other creditors Accruals 3 3,370 4,106 7, ,686 16,162 15,077 21,964 Net current assets Total assets less current liabilities 98, , , ,392 Long-term liabilities 4 (3,797) Net assets 119, ,392 Capital account Brought forward at 16 May 2016 Surplus/(Deficit) for the year 125,392 (5,988) 119, ,742 15, ,392 In the opinion of the Board, the statement of accounts for the year ending 15 May 2017 gives a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Board at the end of the financial year in question and of _~o"cr,.od "pp"""'" of=",= o[<ho Bo"", 'p "",,,,d,, Y'"' Michae1 Martin Chairman C nroy C ief executive I Clerk Date: 14th December 2017 Page 3

78 ,. Ness District Salmon Fishery Board Notes to the accounts for the year ended 15 May Tangible assets Plant and Motor machinery Equipment vehicles Boat Total Cost At 16 May ,236 1,086 41, ,955 Additions 207 9,824 5,175 15,206 Disposals (9,383) (9,383) --- At 15 May ,443 1,086 41,824 5,425 79, Depreciation At 16 May , , ,36 1 On disposals (8,541 ) (8,54 1) Charge for the year , ,068 At 15 May , ,463 I, III 54,888 Net book values At 15 May , ,361 4,314 24, At 15 May , , , Debtors Assessment arrears 4,620 2,827 Prepayments and accrued income 8,826 6, ,446 9,625 Page 4

79 ..,. Ness District Salmon Fishery Board Notes to the accounts for the year ended 15 May Current liabilities Net obligations under finance leases and hire purchase contracts 2,531 Trade creditors 3, Taxes and social security costs 1,219 1,262 Other creditors 356 4,424 Accruals and deferred income 7,601 16,162 15,077 21, Long term liabilities Net obligations under finance leases and hire purchase contracts 3, PageS

80 Fisheries Consultancy Services The Ness and Beauly Fisheries Trust (NBFT) is a Registered Scottish Charity (SC ) and a Company Limited by Guarantee (SC ). The income raised through our consultancy services is used to further the protection and enhancement of the Ness and Beauly systems and the fish populations that they support. We provide an extensive range of freshwater, transitional and marine consultancy service by drawing upon the skills and experience of our team, together with that of our network of associates. Our core services include: Fish Population Assessments Environmental Assessment & Coordination Juvenile Salmonid Surveys; Eel and Elver Surveys; Lamprey Surveys; Coarse Fish Surveys; Freshwater Pearl Mussel Surveys; and Estuarine Fish Surveys. Fisheries and Ecological Impact Assessments; Appropriate Assessments; Due Diligence; Aquatic Project Design and Management; and Ecological Clerk of Works. Habitat Restoration & Enhancement Development of Recreational Fisheries Rivers, Lochs, Estuaries and Coastal waters; Mitigation Solution; Design and Implementation of Restoration and Enhancement Projects; and Fish Pass Guidance. Fisheries Management Advisory Visits; Fisheries Action Plans; Angling Development Projects; and Catch Data Analysis. Aquatic Habitat Surveys Fish Habitat Surveys; Fish Barrier Assessments; and Invasive Species Surveys. We work closely with our clients to scope, design and implement the most appropriate and cost effective programme of works to achieve their objectives. We can deliver our services across Scotland. If you would like to learn more about our services, or have a specific project that you would like to discuss, then please do not hesitate to contact Chris Conroy (NBFT Director) or Nick Barker (NBFT Senior Biologist) on nessandbeauly@gmail.com or

81 Guide to the Sensitive Periods for Lifestages of Key Species of Freshwater and Migratory Fish These periods are generic and may vary from catchment to catchment Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Spring salmon migration Atlantic salmon & migratory trout Non-migratory (brown) trout Fry & eggs in gravel Fry & eggs in gravel d/s smolt migration Spawning Spawning Coarse fish species Spawning Late spawners European eel Elver u/s migration (peak) Silver eel d/s migration Allis shad Adult u/s migration Spawning Twaite shad Adult u/s migration Spawning Continued migration Adult u/s migration River lamprey Spawning Post metamorphosis d/s migration Adult u/s migration Sea lamprey Spawning Post metamorphosis d/s migration Brook lamprey Spawning Post metamorphosis d/s migration Most sensitive period Sub-optimal period Least sensitive period u/s d/s Upstream Downstream

82 14-16 June 2018 A World Class Spey Casting Course Enjoy a two day spey casting course with three times world speycasting champion, record breaker, and fully qualified casting instructor, Gordon Armstrong, on the banks of the river Ness, at Ness Castle. Accommodation will be provided at the well appointed, 5 Star River Lodge, with breakfast, lunch and a three course evening meal, provided by the world renowned Ghillie s Kitchen. Whether you are new to the sport, or just want to improve your casting skills, Gordon will be able to cater for all your needs. Accompanying Gordon will be David Mateer. David is a fully qualified instructor and has had several caps for the Scottish fishingteam. Over two days, we will look to cover all aspects of the speycasts. The course will cover: Roll Cast Jump Roll Single Spey Cast Double Spey Snake Roll Circle-C In addition we will look to cover: The art of safe wading River craft Fly and Tackle choice Line management The price of this course is 695 per person. For more information contact: gordon@nesscastlelodges.co.uk Maximum of 7 people. Partners are very welcome to join the party, at a rate of 300 per person (non-fisher).

83 cbec eco engineering Restoration Specialists for Freshwater & Coastal Environments River and Floodplain Restoration Process-based restoration approach Catchment-scale restoration & NFM prioritisation Detailed restoration design Construction supervision Natural Flood Management (NFM) Floodplain reconnection Upland landuse management Flood hydrographic attenuation and Desynchronization Fisheries and Barriers Management Habitat surveys Barrier assessment & fish pass screening evaluation Mitigative habitat design and construction Management of fisheries monitoring programmes Hydropower Support Assessment of geomorphic and hydrological characteristics Scoping and design of measures to mitigate impacts to physical form/ process and aquatic ecology Planning and review of license applications Assessment of the status of local fisheries Inverness, Stirling & London designing with nature