Aquatic Invasive Species in the Yahara Lakes

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1 Aquatic Invasive Species in the Yahara Lakes M. Jake Vander Zanden Center for Limnology, UW Madison Thanks to: Dick Lathrop Scott Higgins

2 Outline Yahara Lakes Global problem Local implications Management challenges Invasives of the Yahara lakes Future prospects

3 Intro Olden (2006)

4

5

6 Photo of lake

7 Yahara Lakes

8 Smart prevention Take a regional approach and direct management activities to the species, sites, and actions that provide the greatest benefit Science based prioritization A challenge there are 15,000 lakes and > 40,000 miles of stream in Wisconsin.

9 Small fraction of lakes! Vander Zanden et al Ecol. Appl.

10 Yahara Lakes history of introductions

11 Fish introductions in Mendota 1900 >37 fish species fish species 31% of original fish species lost 32% of the current species not native High degree of turnover in fish community intentional introductions and environmental changes From Lathrop et al. 1992

12 Common carp

13 Wisconsin s First Fish Hatchery near Madison, late 1800s Source: Lathrop et al. 1992; lithograph from Commissioners of Fisheries 1883

14 Jumbo carp Lake Kegonsa, 1930s Carp seining Lake Wingra, 1950s Source: Lathrop et al. 1992

15 Recent work on L. Wingra Carp exclosure produced improved water clarity In 2008, removal of 50% of carp biomass produced major water quality improvements Dick Lathrop, WDNR

16 Eurasian water milfoil invasion, early 1960s Floating plant cuttings caused rapid spread of milfoil Milfoil able to outcompete native plants in turbid eutrophic water bodies Slide: R. Lathrop; Girl in the Weeds UW-Madison photo, 1969

17

18 Dreissenid mussels Zebra mussels discovered in Monona in 2001 and 2002 Failed to establish

19 Pelagic Littoral Piscivore Planktivore Benthivore Zooplankton Zoobenthos Phytoplankton Algae and Macrophytes Zebra mussels ENERGY + NUTRIENTS Higgins & Vander Zanden In Press, Ecol. Monographs

20 Pelagic Littoral Piscivore Planktivore Benthivore Zooplankton Zoobenthos Phytoplankton Algae and Macrophytes Dreissenid mussels ENERGY + NUTRIENTS Higgins & Vander Zanden In Press, Ecol. Monographs

21 Result: Shoreline fouling Eastern Lake Erie Lake Ontario Lake Michigan Photo credit S. Higgins Photo credit S. Malkin Photo credit H. Bootsma

22

23 Spiny water flea Eurasian native Discovered by UW Madison Limnology class in fall of 2009

24 Spiny water flea in Madison lakes Lake Mendota Waubesa Density (Bytho/m3) Density (Bytho/m3) /30/ /16/ /7/ /23/ /3/2009 Date

25 Cause for concern?

26 Other established exotics Eubosmina coregonus Branchiura sowerbyi

27 Future prospects: Asian carp Escaped fish farms Reach tremendous densities, high impact

28 Potential to migrate up Rock and Yahara River Wisconsin River From John Magnuson 2007

29 Other future prospects: Gizzard shad Daphnia lumholtzi Hemimysis Round goby Echinogammarus

30 Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) Photo: Garth Traxler (USGS, Seattle WA) Another type of exotic invader

31 Cylindrospermopsis invasive toxic producing cyanobacteria

32 Yahara Lakes Summary Madison lakes already impacted Many more potential invaders await Management priority prevent them from getting here Ounce of prevention..

33 Thank you!!!

34

35 Rough Fish Removal in the Madison Lakes ,000 State Removal Program ( ) Kegonsa Waubesa 4,000 Monona Mendota 3,000 2,000 1, Source: Lathrop et al Metric Tons

36 Eurasian water milfoil invasion, early 1960s Floating plant cuttings caused rapid spread of milfoil Milfoil able to outcompete native plants in turbid eutrophic water bodies Slide: R. Lathrop; Girl in the Weeds UW-Madison photo, 1969

37

38 Exotic fish species potentially entering Yahara Lakes: Silver carp & Bighead carp These two species of Asian carp are making their way up the Mississippi River and its tributaries. The foreign invaders can grow to be 80 to 100 pounds. They're ravenous eaters, consuming up to 40 percent of their own body weight in plankton each day. And they're bullies, pushing out weaker, native species. Grass carp Grass carp were originally imported to control aquatic plants; reproducing populations are now present in the Upper Mississippi River system. If populations become dense enough then aquatic macrophyte habitat will be severely reduced. Round goby -- Once established, populations typically increase rapidly. The round goby can displace native fish, eat their eggs and young, take over optimal habitat, spawn multiple times a season, and survive in poor quality water giving them a competitive advantage.

39 Dams are potential control points to prevent invasion of exotic fish species into Yahara lakes and interconnecting rivers. Source: Magnuson 2007

40 Dreissenid Impacts on Autotrophic Structure: Food web Implications

41 Work made possible by Funding: WI Department of Natural Resources Wisconsin Coastal Management Program Wisconsin Sea Grant Baldwin Wisconsin Idea Endowment National Science Foundation (NTL LTER) UW Madison Partners, colleagues, collaborators: Wisconsin Lakes Partnership Citizens Lake Monitoring Network Water Action Volunteers Great Lakes Indian, Fish, & Wildlife Commission Many, many undergraduate students at UW Madison

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43 Spiny water flea in Madison lakes Lake Mendota Lake Monona Density (Bytho/m3) Density (Bytho/m3) /30/ /16/ /7/ /23/ /3/2009 Date 0 9/30/ /16/ /7/ /23/ /3/2009 Date Lake Kegonsa Lake Waubesa 6 6 Density (Bytho/m3) /30/ /16/ /7/ /23/ /3/2009 Date Density (Bytho/m3) /30/ /16/ /7/ /23/ /3/2009 Date

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