CHANGES IN ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY OF THE ILLINOIS RIVER SINCE ESTABLISHMENT OF BIGHEAD AND SILVER CARP

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1 CHANGES IN ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY OF THE ILLINOIS RIVER SINCE ESTABLISHMENT OF BIGHEAD AND SILVER CARP Collin Hinz, Mark Fritts, Greg Sass, Andy Casper Illinois River Biological Station Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2 Overview Introduction Illinois River zooplankton community Asian Carp invasion Methods Results Discussion Implications Future research

3 Introduction Little understanding of riverine zooplankton assemblages Community dynamics controlled by many factors Physical conditions Biological interactions

4 Introduction Previous Research on the lower Illinois River (Wahl et al. 2008) Monitored backwater lakes and main channel sites during 1997 and 1998 Zooplankton taxa differ between habitats Main channel habitats dominated by rotifers Side channel habitats dominated by copepods

5 Introduction Illinois River Waterway (IRW) has long served as a corridor for transport of aquatic invasive species Silver and Bighead Carp (Asian Carp) have established robust populations since 2000 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Source: Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

6 Introduction Has the invasion of Asian carp fundamentally changed the structure and function of the IRW ecosystem? Known ecological effects of other invasive spp. (Cucherousset and Olden 2011) Genetic Individual Population level Community level Ecosystem level

7 Objective Does zooplankton community composition, density, and biomass differ among pre- and post-invasion time periods in the La Grange reach, Illinois River?

8 Methods Study Site Sample Sites Channahon Morris Ottawa Hennepin Henry Chillicothe Upper Peoria Lake Peoria L&D Tailwaters Havana Matanzas Lake Bath Chute Frederick Lily Lake Main Channel Lily Lake Backwater Meredosia Florence Hardin Grafton Lake Michigan La Grange Reach Illinois Waterway Mississippi River Lock and Dam Location Sample Location

9 Methods Sample monthly May October Integrated samples Fixed sites 3 replicates/site Archive samples ( )

10 Laboratory Methods 55um Ward-Whipple counting wheel and Henson Stempel pipette

11 Results: Densities and Biomass, Pre- and Post- Asian Carp, La Grange Reach Densities p= 0.72 Biomass p< 0.01

12 Results: Community Composition, La Grange Reach, Pre- and Post- Invasion Pre- Asian carp Copepod mean: L -1 43% Rotifer mean: L -1 45% Cladoceran mean: 3.16 L -1 2% Post- Asian carp Copepod mean: 2.7 L -1 2% Cladoceran mean: L -1 12% P<0.01 Rotifer mean: L -1 96%

13 Results: Densities and Biomass, Pre- and Post- Asian Carp, La Grange Reach Densities p= 0.72 Biomass p< 0.01

14 Results: Biomass, Pre- and Post- Asian Carp, La Grange Reach Rotifer mean: 5.97 ug/l 4% Pre- Asian carp Copepod mean: 1.98 ug/l Cladoceran 10% mean: ug/l 21% Post- Asian carp 2011 Copepod mean: ug/l 75% Cladoceran mean: 5.7 ug/l 28% Rotifer mean: 12.8 ug/l 62% P<0.01

15 Discussion: Pre/ Post Invasion Zooplankton density remained stable from preto post- Asian carp invasion However. Community composition shifted towards smaller individuals (rotifers) Biomass decreased significantly

16 Discussion Ecological impacts of non-native planktivorous fishes (Amundsen et al. 2009, Beisner et al. 2003) Decrease in overall zooplankton abundance Changes in community and population structure Life history modifications Morphological adaptations

17 Discussion Management Implications The establishment of Asian carp is associated with changes in IRW zooplankton community Competition between carp and native planktivores Irons et al. (2007) reduced body condition in gizzard shad and bigmouth buffalo Threat to the zooplanktonic resources of the Great Lakes

18 Acknowledgements Staff of Illinois River Biological Station Kenny Lookingbill, Katie Bradshaw, Allie Scaggs, Jennifer Schwab Long-Term Resource Monitoring Program

19 Questions

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