SMITHIANA. Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity. Bulletin 2 June Revision of the gurnard fish subgenus Otohime (Triglidae: Pterygotrigla)

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1 SMITHIANA Publication in Aquatic Biodiverity Bulletin 2 June 2003 Reviion of the gurnard fih ubgenu Otohime (Triglidae: Pterygotrigla) W. J. Richard, T. Yato, and P. R. Lat Publihed by the South African Intitute for Aquatic Biodiverity

2 Margaret Mary Smith ( ), Jame Leonard Brierley Smith ( ) with their dog, Marlin The publication erie (Monograph, Bulletin & Special Publication) of the SAIAB (formerly the JLB Smith Initute of Ichthyology), in it new format honor Jame Leonard Brierley Smith and Margaret Mary Smith with the name Smithiana, in recognition of their many year of devoted ervice to African aquatic biology. Their life work, a team effort, etablihed modern ichthyology in outhern Africa and laid the groundwork for the expanion of aquatic biology throughout the region. 2003, The South African Intitute for Aquatic Biodiverity, Grahamtown, South Africa Front cover photograph: Scale of a preerved coelacanth pecimen by Jame Stapley. Jame Stapley, 2002

3 Reviion of the gurnard fih ubgenu Otohime (Triglidae: Pterygotrigla) W. J. Richard 1, T. Yato 2, and P. R. Lat 3 ABSTRACT Richard, William J., Takuji Yato, & Peter R. Lat (2003). Reviion of the gurnard fih ubgenu Otohime (Triglidae: Pterygotrigla). Smithiana, Bulletin 2. The ubgenu Otohime of the triglid genu Pterygotrigla i revied and include decription of ix new pecie (P. amaokai, P. draiggoch, P. elicryte, P. hafizi, P. oela, and P. urahimai) and diagnoe of five previouly decribed pecie (P. arabica, P. hemiticta, P. multipunctata, P. pirai, and P.tagala). All are poorly repreented in mueum collection and are ditributed in tropical water of the Indian and wetern Pacific ocean. The ubgenu Otohime i unique within Pterygotrigla in having a very long opercular pine and cleithral pine reduced or abent. The pecie character ued for identification are the number of joined pectoral-fin ray and econd doral-ray, colouration of the pectoral fin and firt doral fin, breat quamation, and number of gill raker and a few other meritic and morphometric feature. Otohime pecie are very imilar in morphometry and meritic and the extent of intrapecific variation i indeterminable from the mall collection available. A brief dicuion of the genu Pterygotrigla i provided together with it current pecie compoition that i thought to include the unreolved triglid Prionotu alepi. A range extenion i given for Pterygotrigla macrorhynchu. 1 NOAA Fiherie, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida 33149, USA 2 Kobetakatuka Senior High School,Mikatadai 9-1, Nihi-ku, Kobe, , Japan 3 CSIRO Marine Reearch, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tamania 7001, Autralia

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5 Reviion of the gurnard fih ubgenu Otohime (Triglidae: Pterygotrigla) W. J. Richard, T. Yato, and P. R. Lat The Indo-Pacific triglid genu Pterygotrigla Waite contain everal uprapecific ubgroup that include nominal taxa Pterygotrigla and Otohime Jordan and Stark. Studie of the genu have been complicated by a paucity of material making it difficult to obtain an undertanding of the pecie compoition of the ubgenera and their relationhip. All of the pecie hare very imilar meritic and body hape, with head and cleithral pination and colouration being the main ditinguihing character. Richard (2000) give current information on mot Pterygotrigla pecie, however, none of the ubgenera ha been appraied recently and thi tudy of Otohime contitute part of a wider reviion of the genu under tudy by u. The ubgenu Otohime comprie ix nominal pecie of which mot are poorly repreented in collection: P. hemiticta (Temminck & Schlegel); P. pirai Golani & Barane and P. arabica (Boulenger) (both formerly ynonymized in hemiticta); P. multipunctata Yatou & Yamakawa; P. tagala (Herre & Kauffman); and P. pinoa Aano & Okamura which Echmeyer (1998) conidered to be a ynonym of tagala. An additional ix undecribed pecie were dicovered in thi tudy - one each from the wetern Indian Ocean, Maldive, Philippine, Coral Sea, and two pecie from northwetern Autralia. In thi paper, we provide diagnoe of all valid nominal pecie of the ubgenu Otohime and decribe ix new pecie. The tatu of Prionotu alepi Alcock i alo dicued, and a range extenion for Pterygotrigla macrorhynchu i noted. The genu Pterygotrigla ha everal other ubgenera that are alo under tudy by u. The ubgenu Pterygotrigla comprie an unreolved pecie complex, P. picta (Günther), P. andertoni Waite, P. pauli Hardy, and P. polyommata (Richardon) from outhern temperate area off Chile and around Autralia and New Zealand. It poibly alo include a few pecie from the tropical wetern Pacific, P. acanthoplomate (Fowler) and a yet to be identified pecie. Thee taxa are characterized by mall opercular pine, large cleithral pine, hort and trong rotral pine, no naal or antrore pine, or pine on the bae of econd doral-fin ray (Richard, Lat and ung, in prep.). The remaining Pterygotrigla pecie are very poorly repreented in collection and relationhip are unreolved. Mot of thee, which have prominent naal pine, very long rotral pine, and pine on the bae of econd doral-fin ray, are widely ditributed in the Indo-Pacific. It i difficult to ae if the wide variability in rotral pine morphology i due to ontogenetic change or pecie difference, becaue o few pecimen are known. Thee pecie include P. macrorhynchu Kamohara, P. hoplite (Fowler), and P. megalop (Fowler) with very long rotral pine; P. roberti Del Cerro & Llori, 1 P. ryukyueni Matubara & Hiyama, P. guezei Fourmanoir, and ome undecribed pecie that have tout rotral pine; and P. multiocellata (Matubara) that ha an unique antrore pine at the bae of the rotral pine. P. leptacanthu (Günther) lack doral buckler and it generic placement i uncertain. Recently, Richard and Jone (2002) revied the family Triglidae and placed thi pecie plu P. acanthoplomate in a eparate genu Bovitrigla Fowler. The monotypic Uradia macrolepidota Kamohara with large trunk cale i conidered to be the iter genu of Pterygotrigla. MATERIALS AND METHODS Count and meaurement follow Richard and Sakena (1977) and reviion made by Richard (1992). Both of thoe paper dealt with the genu Lepidotrigla and ome additional emendation are neceary for the genu Pterygotrigla. Care mut be taken in counting pectoral-fin ray becaue the upper two ray are often conjoined and do not appear to be eparate, and the lowermot ray may be mall and eaily overlooked. The bae (proximal end) of the firt doral-fin pine are poitioned between the buckler (expanion of the pterygiophore) along the bae of the fin, but no pine ha been oberved between the lat two buckler of thi ubgenu. The doral-fin pine are progreively maller poteriorly, and the lat one (often very hort and fixed) i alo included in the count. The firt, pine-like element of the anal fin and the firt element of the econd doral fin (which may appear pine-like) are recorded a oft ray. Caudal fin ray are difficult to count except on radiograph or cleared and tained pecimen. Principal caudal-fin ray count include thoe articulating directly on the hypural or parhypural bone rather than all of the branched and ingle, enlarged unbranched ray above and below. The principal ray are alway much dener on radiograph than the econdary ray. The gill-raker count apply to developed raker rather than the hort rudimentary raker that are difficult to count. There are 1 or 2 mall rudimentary raker in thoe pecie without epibranchial raker. Rudimentary raker may alo appear at the anterior end of the ceratobranchial and are alway preent on the hypobranchial bone. The pterygiophore interdigitation formula follow Ahltrom et al. (1976). In counting vertebrae and determining pterygiophore interdigitation uing radiograph, the firt two trunk vertebrae are difficult to dicern becaue of the heavy oification of the cleithrum. Fortunately, the interneural pace between the third and fourth neural pine alway ha two pterygiophore inerted there, thu erving a an excellent reference point for determining vertebrae number and interdigitation. The pterygiophore interdigitation i given with a virgule

6 (/) repreenting neural or haemal pine and a number indicating the number of pterygiophore in the intervening interneural pace. It i alo difficult to differentiate trunk and caudal vertebrae, a thi ditinction i not clear. In radiograph that we examined pleural rib ometime are viible on the th vertebrae wherea the firt two anal pterygiophore inert between the 11 th and th vertebrae thu yielding different reference point. Conequently we report only total number of vertebrae. The condition of the cleithral pine varie from well developed and projecting from the widened area of the cleithrum, to mall (often reduced to a triangular point), or abent altogether with jut a widening of the cleithrum in the area where a pine would normally occur. The cleithral pine width for all pecie i meaured acro thi widened area from the anterior edge of the cleithrum to the poterior edge, whether or not a pine i preent - mall value indicate that a pine wa not preent. The preence or abence of cale cannot be eaily determined in ome pecimen due to poor preervation, but if a cale or clear evidence of a cale pocket i found in an area then it i termed caled. We examined cale condition uperficially (cleared and tained with alizarin red from a kin ample taken from the right flank below the end of the firt doral fin) a both lateral line and body cale are mall (Table 5 and Fig. 1), but with further tudy they may prove to have ome ignificance. The pectoral-fin colouration and pattern i better een in freh pecimen, a the pectoral fin of old preerved pecimen are difficult to open to oberve the pattern. Similarly, colouration and pattern are difficult to ae in torn vertical fin. Each membrane between the doralfin pine mut be carefully examined to detect preence or abence of pigment and the extent of it coverage. Meaurement are taken in the horizontal (and vertical) axi (e). For example, head length i the ditance between two vertical line that are drawn at the ymphyi of the premaxillary bone and the poterior edge of the opercular flap (rather than to the tip of the opercular pine a that pine length i highly variable in the genu). Snout length i the horizontal ditance from the ymphyi of the premaxillarie to the anterior edge of the orbit. Length of the firt infraorbital (rotral) pine i the horizontal ditance from the anterior tip of the longet pine to the premaxillary ymphyi. The width of the firt infraorbital pine i meaured acro the pine bae at a point level with the premaxillary ymphyi. Standard length alo originate at the premaxillary ymphyi and extend to the bae of the caudal ray. Thu, everal meaurement (head length, nout length, rotral pine length, and tandard length) all hare a common point - the premaxillary ymphyi. Thi point i alo on the ame vertical plane a the point where the left and right firt infraorbital bone and naal bone converge to form a bridge between the rotral pine bae and thi point i located directly above the premaxillary ymphyi. Intitutional acronym are lited in the Acknowledgement ection at the end of thi paper and follow Leviton et al. (1985). Subgenu Otohime Jordan & Stark, 1907 Otohime Jordan & Stark 1907:1. Type pecie Trigla hemiticta Temminck & Schlegel 1843: 36 by original deignation. DIAGNOSIS: Opercular pine long and lender, extending poterior to cleithrum, naal pine abent, antrore rotral pine abent, pine abent at the bae of econd doral-fin oftray, cleithral pine preent, reduced or abent. Principal caudal ray uually. Number of vertebrae 25 or 27, rarely 26 or 28. Pterygiophore interdigitation: doral //1/2/1/1/1/1/ 1/1/1/1/1/2/1/1/1/1/1/1/1///// and ventral 2/ 1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/////. SPECIES: P. hemiticta (Temminck & Schlegel) from the wetern Pacific from Japan to northwetern Autralia, P. tagala (Herre & Kauffman) from the Philippine, P. multipunctata Yatou & Yamakawa from Japan, P. arabica (Boulenger) from the Arabian Sea, P. pirai Golani and Barane from the northern Red Sea, P. amaokai new pecie from the outhwetern Indian Ocean, P. hafizi new pecie from the Maldive, P. urahimai new pecie from the Philippine, P. oela new pecie from the Coral Sea, and P. draiggoch new pecie and P. elicryte new pecie from the continental helf off northwetern Autralian helf. Key to the pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) 1a. Pectoral fin with connected ray b. Pectoral fin with or rarely 14 connected ray a. Inner urface of pectoral-fin uually with white pot or dot near proximal part; nout relatively hort, length 10-15% SL b. Inner urface of pectoral fin with black pigment on membrane and ray, but lacking white pot or dot; nout relatively elongate, length 15-19% SL P. arabica 3a. Black pigment confined to membrane of inner urface of pectoral fin, everal white pot of different ize and hape on the proximal part of fin; nout relatively hort, length 10- % SL, trunk cale elongate, vertebrae P. pirai 3b. Black pigment all over inner urface of pectoral fin, intene black blotch near bae bordered by a diagonal row of white pot; nout moderate, length -15 % SL, trunk cale with calloped edge, vertebrae P. hemiticta 4a. Interpinou membrane of firt doral fin lacking black pigment b. Interpinou membrane of firt doral fin with black pigment in the form of a blotch (rarely abent in P. elicryte and confined to mall pot in P. multipunctata)

7 5a. Inner urface of pectoral fin with one or more white, ocelli-like pot around an intene black blotch; cleithral pine moderate to mall or appearing a an anglular projection; cale preent on breat P. tagala 5b. Inner urface of pectoral fin lacking white ocelli-like pot; cleithral pine rudimentary or abent; cale maybe abent on breat a. Second doral-fin ray ; gill-raker on ceratobranchial 10-; breat uually with cale......p. amaokai 6b. Second doral-fin ray ; gill-raker on ceratobranchial 8; breat lacking cale......p. urahimai 7a. Black pigment on firt doral fin partly located on firt 1 or 2 interpinou membrane b. black pigment on firt 1 or 2 interpinou membrane of firt doral fin a. Prepectoral area lacking cale b. Prepectoral area with cale...p. elicryte 9a. Black pigment on firt doral-fin interpinou membrane a large ditinct pot on membrane 1-3, breat uually caled, nout length 10-15% SL P. oela 9b. Black pigment on firt doral-fin interpinou membrane a mall inditinct pot on membrane 2-6, breat uncaled, nout length 15-16% SL P. multipunctata 10a. Inner urface of pectoral fin uually with white ocellilike pot; doral-fin pine 6-8; 9-10 buckler......p. draiggoch 10b. Inner urface of pectoral fin without white ocellilike pot; doral-fin pine 9; 5 buckler... P. hafizi (Refer alo to comparion of character in Table 1-7) Petrygotrigla (Otohime) amaokai p. nov. (Fig. 1E; PL.1, Fig.2; Table 1-7) HOLOTYPE: HUMZ 73367, 1.7 mm SL, Indian Ocean, Saya de Malha Bank, 11 o 28 S, 061 o E, 176 m. PARATYPES: USNM , 1 (2.3 mm SL) Indian Ocean, off Kenya, 02 o 24 S, 41 o 08 E, PROF. MESIATZEV, Tr. 182, 18 June 1976, m. USNM , 2 ( mm SL), Indian Ocean, Saya de Malha Bank, 11 o 27 S, 061 o 00 E, PROF. MESIATZEV Tr. 453, 10 April 1977, m. HUMZ 72331, 1 (96.2 mm SL), Indian Ocean, Saya de Malha Bank, 11 o 04 S, 062 o 10 E, 187 m. The following paratype were collected with the holotype: HUMZ 73363, 1 (7 mm SL), HUMZ 73364, 1 (5.7 mm SL), HUMZ 73365, 1 (5 mm SL), HUMZ 73366, 1 (7.6 mm SL), HUMZ 73368, 1 (8.8 mm SL). DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) without a definite cleithral pine (4-6 % SL), rudiment of the pine medial to the opercular pine; no black blotch in firt doral fin, but red pot preent in freh material (Fig. 2); trunk cale round; prepectoral and interpelvic area naked; breat uually caled, rarely naked; belly caled; pectoral fin with (rarely 14) connected ray, black blotch near bae and membrane dark, pectoral length % SL, longet free ray % SL; epibranchial gillraker 0-1, ceratobranchial gill-raker 10-, hort (2-3 % SL). Vertebrae 27, rarely 26. DESCRIPTION: Count and meaurement of holotype and paratype are given in Table 1-7. Head moderately large with hort rotral pine; large nuchal pine; elongated opercular pine; harp pine on preopercle with maller pine below followed by an indentation and large blunt projection; no other pine on head, but head lightly rugoe not mooth. Eye large and laterally poitioned, lightly longer than deep; interorbital broad uually narrower than orbital width and wider than orbital depth; mouth large with fine teeth on premaxillarie, dentarie, and head of vomer. Trunk deep anteriorly, tapering poteriad with a narrow caudal peduncle. Ventral apect not flattened a in other triglid genera. Fin moderate with caudal fin lightly lunate. Pectoral fin moderate, reaching pat anal-fin origin; pelvic fin alo reaching beyond anal-fin origin. Firt doral fin pine finely errate. Trunk cale mall, lacking ctenii; lateral line cale imple, tubular, with mall doral pore (difficult to count). Scale abent from nape, prepectoral area, and interpelvic area, but preent on the belly. Breat quamation variable, with only a few cale in one to everal mall patche (rarely completely lacking cale). Cleithral pine lacking, cleithral plate preent. Four of the 6 pecimen X-rayed had the lat two anal pterygiophore inerted in the ame interhaemal pace. COLOUR IN LIFE: From colour photo of freh holotype (HUMZ 73367) and a paratype (HUMZ 72331). Body pale pink with a deep red blotch below firt doral on flank above pectoral fin. Firt doral fin pink without black pigment pot; few mall, pale brown pot on dorum below econd doral fin. Iri yellow encircled with brown. Inner urface of pectoral fin with tranlucent dital margin; interradial membrane dark gray with black baal patch; ray lacking pigment, except for medial 4 or 5 ray covered by black blotch near bae; no white, ocelli-like pot. DISTRIBUTION: Outer continental helf off Kenya, Eat Africa, and on the Saya de Malha Bank ome 30 o eat of Africa in the wetern Indian Ocean in depth of m. ETYMOLOGY: Named after the eminent and recently retired Japanee cientit, Kunio Amaoka, (formerly at Hokkaido Univerity), for hi many contribution to ichthyology. REMARKS: Thi pecie i known from two localitie in 3

8 Fig. 1. Illutration of lateral line cale and trunk cale of elected P. (Otohime) pecie. Scale were removed from the left flank of the trunk below the end of the firt doral fin. A) P. hemiticta, CSIRO H2548, 169 mm; B) P. arabica, USNM , 1.8 mm; C) P. arabica, holotype BMNH , mm; D) P. draiggoch, CSIRO CA1535, 221 mm; E) P. amaokai, USNM356932, 2.3 mm; F) P. hafizi, holotype BMNH , 88.7 mm; G) P. elicryte, CSIRO1594, 74 m; H) P. urahimai, USNM202567, 82.3 mm. 4

9 the wetern Indian Ocean. Richard (1992) reported on pecie of the triglid genu Lepidotrigla from thi region. A continental African pecie, L. multipinoa Smith, alo occur acro the Mozambique Channel along the coat of Madagacar, but a congener, L. alcocki Regan, i endemic to the Saya de Malha Bank. The preence of P. amaokai in Kenyan water and at the Saya de Malha Bank and not in intervening area i likely to reflect the paucity of deep demeral collecting in the Seychelle and Macarene Plateau region. Pterygotrigla (Otohime) arabica (Boulenger, 1888) (Fig.1 B C; Pl.1, Fig. 3; Table 1-7) Trigla arabica Boulenger, 1888: 663 (Mucat, Oman). Boulenger 1889: illu. Day, 1888 (decription, ynonymized in T. hemiticta). Steindachner, 1902: 165. Echmeyer, 1998: 2 (lit, type, validation). Trigla hemiticta (non Temminck & Schlegel): Day, 1888: 791; Day, 1889: 241; Alcock, 1890a: ; Alcock 1890b: ; Alcock 1896: 319; Alcock 1899:211. Prionotu alepi Alcock 1896: 3 (tentatively ynonymized). Menon & Yazdani, 1968: 156; Richard & Sakena 1974: 58. Pterygotrigla picta (non Günther): Samuel 1963: Pterygotrigla hemiticta (non Temminck & Schlegel): Richard & Sakena 1974: (illutration, ynonymy, decription, dicu ynonym, ditribution). HOLOTYPE: Trigla arabica, BMNH , 1 (197.5 mm SL), Mucat, Oman, A. S. G. Jayakar. MATERIAL EXAMINED: IOES 302, 16 ( mm SL) Sta. 189, off Cochin, South India, otter trawl, m. IOES 303, 1 (97.9 mm SL) ame data a IOES 302. USNM , 16 ( mm SL), R/V ANTON BRUUN Cr. 4B, Sta. 245A, 24 o 55 N, 061 o 10 E, 28 v USNM 44426, 3 ( mm SL) INVESTIGATOR, Bay of Bengal. BMNH , 1 (61.3 mm SL) Perian Gulf, Oman, 10 o W of Dubai, Coll. F. W.Townend. 26 m. DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) with cleithral pine % SL and ventral to opercular pine; black blotch on interpinou membrane between firt doral-fin pine 3-6; trunk cale elongate; prepectoral area caled or naked; breat uually naked, rarely caled; interpelvic area naked; belly caled; pectoral-fin with connected ray; mot membrane and ray dark, with black area near bae, no white pot; pectoral length % SL; free pectoral ray % SL; nout % SL, orbit % SL, epibranchial gillraker 1-2; ceratobranchial gill-raker 10-15, long and exceptionally lender, 3-7 % SL. Vertebrae 27, rarely 28. DISTRIBUTION: Known from the continental helf off Oman in the Perian Gulf and in the eatern Arabian Sea, off India, in m. REMARKS: Thi pecie ha been mitakenly ynonymized with P. hemiticta, but differ from it by lacking white pot on the inner urface of the pectoral fin and having lightly more numerou (ceratobranchial modally - v 10-11) and longer gill-raker ( % SL v % SL). Golani and Barane (1997) conidered that P. arabica wa valid and ditinct from P. hemiticta, baed on Boulenger (1889) account of the two form. Boulenger (1889) lited three character for eparating the two pecie (he erroneouly refer to hemiticta a polyticta): development of the bony plate (buckler) on the doral-fin bae (actually expanded pterygiophore), orbit ize, and ditance between the firt and econd doral fin. However, we have found ignificant intrapecific variation in thee character, thu colour pattern and other feature a ued in the diagnoe and key are more reliable for ditinguihing P. arabica and P. hemiticta. The type pecimen of P. arabica i much larger than other pecimen of either thi pecie or P. pirai. Thi add to the difficulty in making pecie comparion baed on morphometry becaue meaurement made of the large type pecimen fall well outide the range of all other material. Golani and Barane (1997) mentioned that Richard and Sakena (1974) and Richard (1984) ignored ome character when comparing the type of P. arabica with P. hemiticta. However, the character uppoedly ignored do not diplay apparent difference when comparing pecimen of imilar ize. Pterygotrigla (Otohime) draiggoch p. nov. (Fig.1D; Pl. 1, Fig. 4-5; Table 1-7) Pterygotrigla hemiticta (non Temminch & Schlegel): Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola, 1984: (colour photo, note). Allen & Swainton, 1990: (range, diagnotic character, colour illutration). Paxton et al., 1989: 456 (lit, ditribution). HOLOTYPE: CSIRO CA1535, 221 mm SL, NE of Monte Bello Iland, Dampier Archipelago, Wetern Autralia; 19 o 30 S, 116 o 01E to 19 o 31 S, 115 o 59 E, FRV SOELA So01/ 79/17, 3 December 1979, 142 m. PARATYPES: NTM S , 3 (56-79 mm SL), Arafura Sea, rthern Territory, Autralia, R. William RW 90-33, 16 vember 1990, 4 m. Several lot from vicinity of the holotype: AMS I , 3 (83-93 mm SL), 18 o 28 S, 118 o 15E, 1982, 156 m. CSIRO CA4196, 1 (200 mm SL), off Port Headland, 18 o 38.6 S, 118 o 02.7 E to 18 o 09.0 S, 118 o 04.0 E, FRV SOELA So03/83/26, 6 June 1983, m. WAM P26193, 4 (73-91 mm SL) 150 km NNW of Roemary Iland, Dampier Archipelago, 19 o 17 S, 116 o 16 E, B. Hutchin on COURAGEOUS 16 May 1978, m. WAM P26182, 1 (92 mm SL), Muirow Iland, 21 o 25 S, 114 o 18 E, B. Hutchin on COURAGEOUS, 6 May 1978, m. WAM P26187, 1 (208 mm SL), 55 km NW Monte Bello Iland, 19 o 57 S, 115 o E, B. Hutchin on COURAGEOUS, 10 May 1978, m. DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) with cleithral pine preent, 5-9 % SL, ventral to opercular 5

10 pine; black blotch on interpinou membrane between doral-fin pine 3-5, (rarely extending on 6 th pine); trunk cale elongate; prepectoral area naked; breat uually caled, rarely naked; interpelvic area naked; belly caled; pectoral fin dark with connected ray, uually with everal white or light pot on lateral edge of black area and 2-3 dark pot on upper edge of fin, pectoral length % SL; longet pectoral free ray % SL; epibranchial gill-raker 0-2, ceratobranchial gill-raker 5-10, hort, about 2 % SL. Vertebrae 27. DESCRIPTION: Count and meaurement of the holotype and paratype are given in Table 1-7. Head with hort, traight rotral pine; pine lightly widened and triangular and not pread at tip; large nuchal pine extending almot to level of firt doral pine bae; opercular pine extending lightly poterior to cleithral pine; two preopercular pine, upper longer than lower; no other pine on head, although preorbital bone almot pine-like a they protrude forward anteriorly of eye. Eye large and laterally poitioned, orbit length variable, but about equal to interorbital width. Mouth large with fine teeth on premaxillarie, dentarie, and head of vomer. Trunk deep, anteriorly tapering poteriorly with narrow caudal peduncle. Ventral apect not flattened a in other triglid genera. Caudal fin lightly lunate; pectoral fin moderate, reaching middle of anal fin; 1 t free pectoral ray reaching bae of anal fin; pelvic fin not reaching anal opening. Firt doral-fin pine finely errate. Lateral-line cale of holotype with complex oified tructure (Fig. 1). Body cale with odd elongate hape (Fig. 1) and cloely overlapping; cale abent from nape, prepectoral area, and interpelvic area, preent on breat and belly. Firt doral-fin pine and preorbital bone howing evidence of hyperotoi on large pecimen. COLOURATION: Small dark pot on dorum below doral fin with a few dark pot on nape, top of head, and nout. Firt doral fin with black pot on interpinou membrane between 3 rd and 5 th pine. Second doral fin uually uniformly pale, mall dark pot rarely preent; caudal and pelvic fin pale. Pectoral fin with 2-3 dark pot on pale anterior ray; membrane between 4 th and 6 th ray duky; membrane between 7 th and 9 th ray black, with few white treak or pot on each ray; lower ray membrane pale; black area extending from near bae of pectoral fin to over two third the fin inner urface; remainder of fin membrane duky to fin margin with no dicernible border along fin margin. Freh colour: (Fig. 4 and 5) upper body and head reddih, with mall dark pot. Anterior edge of pectoral fin, pink. DISTRIBUTION: Poorly known pecie repreented by a few pecimen collected from the outer continental helf off northwetern Autralia in m. ETYMOLOGY: Due to it piny appearance and reddih color it i named after the Welh red dragon by combining the Welh word draig (dragon) and goch (red). The name i treated a a noun in appoition. Pterygotrigla (Otohime) elicryte p. nov. (Fig. 1G; Pl. 1, Fig. 6-7; Table 1-7) Pterygotrigla hemiticta (non Temminck & Schlegel): Sainbury et al., 1985: (decription, colour photo). HOLOTYPE: CSIRO H (83.1 mm SL), Wetern Autralia, off Port Hedland, 18 o 21 S, 118 o 53 E, 8 m. PARATYPES: CSIRO CA1593, 1 (65.4 mm SL), Wetern Autralia, NE of Monte Bello Iland, 19 o 41S, 116 o E, FRV SOELA So04/80/18; 4 m; CSIRO CA1594, 1 (74.0 mm SL), rthern Territory, N of Bathurt Iland, 10 o 14 S, 0 o 03 E, FRV SOELA So05/80/57; 4 m; CSIRO CA1595 (58.4 mm SL), taken with CSIRO CA DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) with cleithral pine preent or abent (7-9 % SL when preent) and ventral to opercular pine when preent; interpinou membrane of firt doral-fin ometime with black pigment ditally between pine 1-3 and pine 5-7; trunk cale crenulate, prepectoral area, breat and belly caled; interpelvic area uually naked; outer urface of pectoral fin gray, with connected ray, black area on inner ide of ventral 3 ray and uually with everal pale treak on it lateral edge; pectoral-fin length % SL, longet free ray % SL; epibranchial gill-raker 0-1, ceratobranchial gill-raker 8-9, length about 3 % SL. Vertebrae 27, rarely 26. DESCRIPTION: Count and meaurement of the holotype and paratype are given in Table 1-7. Head large with moderate rotral pine diverging at tip; nuchal pine long extending beyond bae of third doral pine; opercular pine extend beyond bae of 4 th doral pine; two preopercular pine, upper much longer than lower; no other pine on head. Cleithral pine hape variable: hort, pungent in holotype; preent on both ide in paratype CSIRO CA1593; abent on right ide and plate preent on left in CSIRO CA1594; and very mall, hardly extending beyond plate in CSIRO CA1595. Eye very large, lightly wider than deep, laterally poitioned; orbit width longer than interorbital width. Mouth large with fine teeth on premaxillarie, dentarie, and head of vomer. Trunk deep anteriorly, tapering poteriorly with narrow caudal peduncle. Ventral apect not flattened a in other triglid genera. Fin moderate, caudal-fin lunate; pectoral-fin elongate, reaching beyond bae of 3 rd anal fin ray (to 9 th ray in holotype), 1 t free pectoral-fin ray reaching 2 nd anal-fin ray; pelvic fin uually not reaching anal opening, (beyond opening in holotype). Lateral-line cale imple, tubular, without pination, with a ingle pore (Fig. 1). Body cale cloely overlapping and without ctenii; and nearly round with 3 or 4 calloped edge (Fig. 1); cale abent from nape, preent on prepectoral area in holotype and 2 mallet paratype, preent on breat, uually abent from 6

11 interpelvic area (but preent on holotype), and preent on belly. COLOURATION: In preervative, dark pot abent on holotype (preent dorolaterally on trunk and a few pot on top of head near bae of nuchal pine of paratype). Lower flank pale yellowih to tan. Firt doral-fin ometime with black pot on membrane between pine 1-3 and pine 5-7; mall dark pot ubmarginally on econd doral-fin; pelvic and caudal fin pale. Pectoral fin with gray pigment on membrane; ray pale, except for an intene black area on ventral 3 ray, bordered dorally with 3 to 5 white, irregularly haped treak. Freh paratype (Fig. 7) with doral urface of nout, head and trunk reddih brown; dark pot on dorum along fin bae and on lateral line. Poible reddih pot on firt doral-fin margin, but membrane torn. Dark pot on econd doral-fin. Pectoral fin with light ray and dark membrane with ome reddih and dark pot on upper ray, ditinctly white, irregularly haped pot bordering black area; pale dital margin. DISTRIBUTION: Poorly known pecie repreented by a few pecimen collected from the outer continental helf northwetern Autralia in 4-8 m. ETYMOLOGY: Arbitrary combination of the firt name of the mother of the enior author grandchildren (Elizabeth, Crytal, and Stephania), treated a a noun in appoition. REMARKS: Known from a imilar area and depth a P. draiggoch, but wa not collected at the ame trawl tation. Pterygotrigla (Otohime) hafizi p. nov. (Fig.1F; Fig. 9; Table 1-7) HOLOTYPE: BMNH , (88.7 mm SL), NANSEN Survey, 06 o 18 N, 073 o 14 E, Maldive, 25 Aug. 1983, 230 m. DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) with cleithral pine preent (width about 10 % SL) and ventrad of the opercular pine; black blotch on firt doral-fin membrane between pine 3-6; firt doral fin buckler 5; prepectoral area naked; breat caled; interpelvic area naked; nape naked; belly caled; pectoral fin with connected ray, duky with ditinctive black area over ray and membrane 4-8, membrane of ray 9-11 with black pigment, remainder of fin pale including dital margin; pectoral-fin length 39 % SL, free pectoral ray 39 % SL; epibranchial gill-raker 1, ceratobranchial gillraker 9, hort 3 % SL; head and body with few pale pot. Vertebrae 27. DESCRIPTION: Count and meaurement of the holotype are given in Table 1-7. Head large; rotral pine hort, lightly broader at bae; nuchal pine large, reaching beyond bae of firt doral-fin pine; opercular pine elongate, extending poterior of well-developed cleithral pine; preopercle with two pine, upper pine larger; no other pine on head. Eye large, laterally poitioned; orbit length exceeding both orbit depth and interorbital width. Mouth very large, teeth preent on premaxillarie, dentarie, and head of vomer. Trunk deep anteriorly, tapering poteriorly with narrow caudal peduncle. Ventral apect not flattened a in other triglid genera. Fin moderate with caudal lightly lunate; pectoral fin reaching to middle of anal- fin bae, firt free pectoral-fin ray reaching almot to tip of pectoral fin; pelvic fin reaching to bae of 2 nd anal ray. Firt doral fin with leading edge of econd pine finely errate (firt pine miing). Buckler at bae of doral fin 5. Firt anal-fin ray pine-like. Trunk cale mall and round without ctenii, cale abent on nape, prepectoral area, and interpelvic area; preent on breat and belly. Lateral line cale tubular, mall pine preent at doral opening of tube. COLOURATION: Brown pot on head, one on anterior lower margin of orbit, few below orbit, and few on top of head. Few pot viible on trunk along lateral line, but pecimen poorly preerved. Ditinct black pot in firt doral fin tarting on membrane between 3 rd and 4 th pine, continuing poteriorly and ending midway between 6 th and 7 th pine. Pectoral fin lack white ocellu-like pot; margin tranlucent, interradial membrane black between 2 nd and 5 th ray followed by large intene black area covering membrane and ray of 6 th through 10 th ray (ee Fig.11). All other fin pale, lacking dark pigment. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the holotype taken from the Maldive in 230 m. ETYMOLOGY: Named in honor of the Acting Director of the Marine Fiherie Section of the Maldive, Mr. Ahmed Hafiz. REMARKS: Thi pecie, though repreented by only one pecimen, i unique within the ubgenu in lacking dark pot on the trunk and only having 5 buckler at the bae of the firt doral fin, poeing cale on the breat, and a ditinctive pectoral fin pigmentation. It wa collected in deeper water than mot other member of the ubgenu in a region that ha not been well urveyed. Only two trigloid (both peritediid) Satyrichthy invetigatori (Alcock) and an unidentified Satyrichthy pecie, have been lited from the Maldive (Randall and Anderon, 1993; Adam et al. 1998). Anderon et al. (1998) in their recent new record from the Maldive did not lit the P. hafizi type. Pterygotrigla macrorhynchu (Kamohara) hould alo be added to regional fauna lit baed on a pecimen provided by N. Merrett from the Maldivian collection in the BMNH. Pterygotrigla (Otohime) hemiticta (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) (Fig.1A; Pl. 1, Fig. 8; Table 1-7) 7

12 Fig. 2. Pterygotrigla (O.) amaokai, 1.7 mm SL, HUMZ 73367, holotype. Fig. 3. P. (O.) arabica, 1.8 mm SL, USNM Fig. 4. Pterygotrigla (O.) draiggoch, mm SL, CSIRO CA1535, holotype. Fig. 5. Doral view of pectoral fin of P. (O.). draiggoch holotype, CSIRO CA1535. Fig. 6. Pterygotrigla (O.) elicryte, 74.0 mm SL, CSIRO CA1594, paratype. Fig. 7. Doral view of P. (O.) elicryte, 65.4 mm SL, CSIRO CA1593 paratype. Fig. 8. Doral view of P. (O). hemiticta, 169 mm SL, CSIRO H Plate 1 8

13 Fig. 9. Pterygotrigla (O.) hafizi, 88.7 mm SL, BMNH , holotype. Trigla hemiticta Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, Pice, in Siebold, Fauna Japonica: 36 + Pl. 14. Boeeman, 1947: 46 (decription, type deignation). Echmeyer, 1998: 718 (lit, type, validation). Prionotu alepi Alcock, 1896: 3 (tentatively ynonymized). Menon & Yazdani, 1968:156. Richard & Sakena, 1974: 58. Echmeyer, 1998: 71 (lit, type). Otohime hemiticta: Jordan & Richardon, 1908: (ynonymy, decription). Pterygotrigla hemiticta: Jordan et al., 19: (lit, illutration). Matubara & Hiyama, 1932: 10-11(ynonymy, decription). Kuronuma, 1939: (ynonymy, decription). Kamohara 1952: 72 (lit). Kamohara, 1958: 59 (lit). Kamohara. 1964: 78 (lit). Mauda et al., 1975: 147,343 (colour photo, meritic, habitat, range). Ochiai and Yatou, 1984: 334, pl.300-h (decription, colour photo). Shen, 1984: 32, pl.32 (colour photo, meritic, habitat). Chen and Shao, 1988: 4-5, 8 (ynonymy, diagnoi, illutration). Paxton et al., 1989: 456 (lit, ditribution). Froee et al., 1996: 237 (lit). Golani & Barane, 1997: 185 (comparion). Richard (1999) (lit, illutration, identification character) TYPE MATERIAL: t examined. Boeeman (1947) deignated RMNH 695 (tuffed pecimen 265 mm) a lectotype and lited RMNH 501 (preerved pecimen 230 mm) a a paralectotype MATERIAL EXAMINED: USNM 57569, 1 (181 mm SL) Japan. KU uncataloged, 2 ( mm SL), Taiwan. CSIRO H , 2 ( mm SL), Indian Ocean, Wetern Autralia, NW of rth Wet Cape, 21 o 44.7 S, 1 o 52.3E to 21 o 44.5 S, 1 o 52.5 E, FRV SOUTHERN SURVEYOR, SS01/91/8, 24 January 1991, 320 to 290 m. CSIRO H (92.7 mm SL) INFO. NTM S , 1 (231 mm SL), Indian Ocean, Wetern Autralia off Rowley Shoal, NW Shelf, W. Houton, ta 85-16, 2 vember 1985, 430 m depth. NTM S , 1 (245 mm SL), Indian Ocean, Wetern Autralia off Rowley Shoal, NW Shelf, W. Houton, ta 85-31, 7 vember 1985, 420 m. 9 DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) with cleithral pine preent (width 8-10 % SL) and ventrad of opercular pine; black blotch in firt doral-fin on interpinou membrane between pine 3-6; trunk cale with calloped edge; prepectoral area caled or naked; breat caled; interpelvic area naked; belly caled; pectoral fin dark with black bae and diagonal band of eparate white pot, connected ray; pectoral fin % SL; free pectoral ray % SL; epibranchial gill raker 1; ceratobranchial gill raker 10-, long and lender, 3-4 % SL. Second doral-ray 11 and only 5 pterygiophore after the double pterygiophore upporting the econd doral-fin. Vertebrae 25. Large pecimen exhibit hyperotoi. DISTRIBUTION: Widely ditributed in the wetern Pacific from Japan to Autralia (Richard, 1999) where it occur in hallow coatal water (20 m) a well a on the upper continental lope ( m). REMARKS: Thi pecie i brightly coloured with a red dorum covered with dark pot and a ditinctive row of white pot on a black background on the inner urface of the pectoral fin (Fig. 8). Richard and Sakena (1977) mitakenly ynonymized it with P. arabica a have other author (Day, 1888; Alcock, 1890, 1899; Richard, 1984) and i likely to be cloely allied to P. pirai. P. hemiticta differ from P. arabica and P. pirai in having fewer vertebrae (25 v 27-28). It alo differ from P. arabica in pectoral fin coloration (no white pot on inner urface of pectoral fin), a marginally maller eye and cheek height, and horter gill-raker (Table 1-2). P. pirai ha fewer white pot on the inner urface of the pectoral fin that are not aligned diagonally, a horter nout, and more elongate trunk cale. The reduced number of vertebrae (25) wa found in all pecimen that were X-rayed and the pecimen were from Japan, Taiwan, and Autralia. Thi i the lowet number of vertebrae for any pecie in the Family Triglidae. Large pecimen from Autralia diplay hyperotoi with wollen head bone (infraorbital, frontal, opercle) and pine (nuchal, opercle, and cleithral). Hyperotoi in triglid i uncommon having been oberved in one Prionotu pecie

14 (Smith-Vaniz et al., 1995) and a few other Pterygotrigla (Richard, per. ob.). Pterygotrigla (Otohime) multipunctata Yatou and Yamakawa, 1983 (Table 1-7) Pterygotrigla multipunctata Yatou and Yamakawa 1983: Echmeyer 1998: 13 (lit, type). HOLOTYPE: NSMT-P 21409, (151 mm SL). Japan, Toa Bay, Mimae, Kochi City. 4 April PARATYPE: BSKU (now at KSHS), 1 (88 mm SL) Japan, Toa Bay, Kochi City, Mimae. 25 February DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) without a defined cleithral pine, remnant medial of the opercular pine; everal mall dark pot but no black blotch in firt doral fin; prepectoral, breat, and interpelvic area naked; belly caled; pectoral fin with black blotch, membrane dark, connected ray; pectoral length % SL, longet free ray % SL; epibranchial gillraker 1, ceratobranchial gill-raker 9-10, hort (le than 3.5 % SL). Vertebrae 27. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Toa Bay, Japan. REMARKS: Thi poorly repreented pecie i known only from the type material collected in Japan. Count and meaurement are given in Table 1-7. Pterygotrigla (Otohime) oela p. nov. (Fig , Table 1-7) Pterygotrigla tagala (non Herre & Kaufman): Del Cerro and Llori 1997: (brief decription, lited). 159 o 34.6 E, otter trawl, 9 October 1986, m; MNHN , 2 ( mm SL), MUSORSTOM 5: Stn. CP 316, 22 o 25.1 S, 159 o 24.0 E, beam trawl, October 1986, 330 m; MNHN , 3 ( mm SL), MUSORSTOM 5: Stn. CP 351, 19 o 33.1 S, 158 o 36.9 E, beam trawl, 17 October 1986, m; MNHN , 2 ( mm SL), MUSORSTOM 5: Stn. CP 319, 22 o 24.4 S, 159 o 16.5 E, beam trawl, October 1986, m; and MNHN , 15 ( mm SL), CHALCAL 1: Stn. CH 2, 22 o 34.4S, 159 o 17.4 E, otter trawl, 28 July 1984, 330 m. DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) with cleithral pine reduced to angular projection lying mediad of opercular pine, cleithrum width (3-6 % SL); black blotch on interpinou membrane between firt three doral-fin pine; trunk cale with calloped edge; prepectoral area naked; breat uually caled; interpelvic area naked; belly caled; black blotch on pectoral fin ditinctive, eparated from duky membrane; connected pectoral-fin ray; pectoral-fin length % SL, free ray % SL; epibranchial gill-raker 1 (rarely 0 or 2), ceratobranchial gill-raker 9- (rarely 8), hort (2-4 % SL). Vertebrae 27. DESCRIPTION: Count and meaurement of the holotype and paratype are given in Table 1-7. Head moderate, rotral pine lightly diverging laterally at tip, curved lightly; nuchal pine large, extending poteriad to a point below 3 rd doral pine; opercle pine elongate, extending to a point below 4 th doral pine, much longer than orbit diameter; two preopercle pine, upper longer than lower; no other pine on head except mall pine at end of bony ridge behind eye in mall pecimen. Cleithral pine reduced to angular projection, lying mediad of opercular pine; expoed portion of HOLOTYPE: CSIRO H580-02, 97.8 mm SL, Pacific Ocean, Coral Sea, off Cairn, Queenland, Autralia, 17 o 35.3 S, 149 o 56.9 E to 17 o 33.8 S, 149 o 52.9 E, FRV SOELA SoO6/ 85/65, 302 m. PARATYPES: CSIRO H769-02, 1 (91.1 mm SL), Pacific Ocean, Coral Sea, E of Flinder Reef, Queenland, Autralia, 17 o 32.8 S, 149 o 46.2E to 17 o 27.7 S, 149 o 46.5 E, FRV SOELA SoO6/85/64, 3 December 1985, m. The following paratype were collected mainly by the Reearch Veel CORIOLIS from the Coral Sea, Pacific Ocean, on the wetern ide of Cheterfield Iland, Bellona Plateau, and a nearby unnamed plateau outh of the Bellona Plateau: MNHN , 1 (95.3 mm SL), MUSORSTOM 5: Stn. CP 276, 24 o 48.9 S, 159 o 49 E, beam trawl, 9 October 1986, m. MNHN , 5 ( mm SL), MUSORSTOM 5: Stn. CP 3, 22 o 17.2 S, 159 o 24.8 E, beam trawl, October 1986, m; MNHN , 2 ( mm SL), MUSORSTOM 5: Stn. CP 268, 24 o 44.7 S, 159 o 39.2 E, beam trawl, 9 October 1986, 280 m; MNHN , 1 (99.0 mm SL), MUSORSTOM 5: tn. CH 271, 24 o 48.2 S, Fig. 1 Lateral view of holotype of Pterygotrigla (O.) oela, CSIRO H580-02, 97.8 mm SL. Fig. 11. Doral view of head and pectoral fin of Pterygotrigla (O.) oela, 97.8 mm SL, CSIRO H580-02, holotype. 10

15 cleithrum barely viible beyond opercle, ometime viible a mall, blunt pine. Eye nearly round and very large, laterally poitioned; orbit length greater than interorbital width. Mouth very large with fine teeth on premaxillarie, dentarie, and vomer. Trunk deep anteriorly, tapering poteriorly, caudal peduncle narrow. Ventral apect not flattened a in other triglid genera. Caudal fin lunate; pectoral fin reaching midway on anal-fin bae, free pectoral-fin ray reaching mid-anal fin; pelvic fin reaching anu. Scale on body deeper than long with calloped indentation but lacking ctenii; lateral-line cale imple, tubular, without pine. Scale abent from nape, prepectoral area, and interpelvic area, uually preent on breat (thee cale may be mall, and difficult to dicern), pronounced on belly. COLOURATION: In preervative, body and head pale, uually lacking dark pot, (if preent they are uually dicernible along and above lateral line). Snout, upper part of head, lower jaw, anterior upper jaw, firt doralfin bae and area of trunk below firt doral fin pale brown. Pale brown on caudal-fin bae. Cheek, end of premaxillary, preopercle, interopercle, lower opercle, lower flank ilvery white (ilvery whitih area in ome paratype extending dorally on flank behind brownih area, lot in other). Firt doral fin with intene black pigment on membrane between firt three pine (not apparent where fin membrane torn). Pectoral fin with pale margin; intene black pigment over lower middle ray and membrane, eparated from remainder of fin by a pale area without white pot, remainder of fin with brownih gray pigmented membrane and light ray (ee Fig. 11). Second doral and anal fin uniformly pale. DISTRIBUTION: Known from the SW Pacific. Along the upper continental lope off Queenland, Autralia, and near the Cheterfield Iland in the Coral Sea in m. ETYMOLOGY: Named after the former CSIRO reearch veel R/V SOELA. Expedition from thi veel have provided the bai of our knowledge of tropical Autralian deep-ea fihe. It i treated a a noun in appoition. REMARKS: A pigment pot on the anterior part of the firt doral fin and the pectoral-fin pigmentation are unique within the ubgenu. It very large eye poibly reflect a preference for deep-water habitat or i due to the young age (mall ize). Pterygotrigla pirai Golani & Barane (Table 1-7) Pterygotrigla p. Barane & Golani, 1993: 305,318(Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba). Pterygotrigla pirai Golani & Barane, 1997: (Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba). Echmeyer 1998: 1594 (lit, type). Pterygotrigla hemiticta (non Temminck & Schlegel): Randall, 1996: 115 (decription, colour photo). Khalaf et al., 1996: (decription, photo). MATERIAL EXAMINED (all from Gulf of Aqaba at Eilat; firt two lot paratype): HUJ14002, 8 ( mm SL); HUJ 17578, 3 ( mm SL); HUJ17994, 1 (1 mm SL); HUJ18347, 1 (8 mm SL); HUJ 18346, 2 ( mm SL); HUJ 18348, 1 (0 mm SL); BPBM 31858, 1 (116 mm SL). DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) with cleithral pine % SL ventral to opercular pine; black blotch on interpinou membrane between doralfin pine 4-6; prepectoral area, breat, and interpelvic area naked; belly caled; pectoral fin with connected ray, uually 8 pectoral-fin membrane dark, with black area near bae, and uually everal white dot of different ize and hape on the proximal part; pectoral length % SL; free pectoral ray % SL; nout hort 10- % SL; orbit large -15 % SL; 1 epibranchial gill-raker plu 1-2 rudiment, ceratobranchial gill-raker 10-. Vertebrae 27. REMARKS: Thi recently decribed pecie ha been found only in the Gulf of Aqaba at Eilat, Irael. It i preumably the iter pecie of P. arabica, but i eparable uing the colouration and nout length character noted in the key. Golani and Barane (1997) remark that the wide and roundih internuchal area i diagnotic, but we did not note thi difference in the material examined. White pot were not viible on the inide of the pectoral fin on many of the pecimen examined by u. The preence of white pot, though few, poibly place it cloer to a P. hemiticta ancetor a it i iolated in the northern Gulf of Aqaba. Pterygotrigla (Otohime) tagala (Herre and Kauffman, 1952) (Fig., Table 1-7) Otohime tagala Herre and Kauffman 1952: (original decription). Echmeyer 1998: 1645 (lit, type, validation). Pterygotrigla pinoa Aano and Okamura, 1963: (original decription). Echmeyer 1998: 1591 (lit, type, ynonym of P. tagala). Pterygotrigla tagala. Richard (1999) (lit, illutration, identification character). Pterygotrigla tagala (non Herre & Kauffman): Del Cerro and Llori 1997: (brief decription, lited). MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype: P. tagala: USNM , (96.7 mm SL) Philippine Iland, Luzon, outer Manila Bay, 117 m. Paratype: P. tagala : USNM , 1 (96.3 mm SL), Philippine Iland, Luzon, outh entrance to Manila Bay, 6 mi. SE of Monja Iland, off Cavite Province September 1947, 99 m [originally UW 11516]. USNM , 3 ( mm SL) collected with the holotype. UW 11514, 5 ( mm SL) South China Sea, near Fortune Iland off coat of Batanga Province, Philippine Iland, 2 11

16 Fig.. Pterygotrigla (O.) tagala, 96.3 mm SL, USNM , paratype. October 1947, 119 m. Two pecimen tentatively identified a paratype, USNM , in the original decription are decribed a new below. Holotype: P. pinoa: FAKU S526, (95.2 mm SL) China, Tonking Bay, 17 o N, 108 o 40E, 95m. Paratype: P. pinoa: FAKU S525, 1 (73.3 mm SL) and FAKU S315, 1 (65.0 mm SL) taken with the holotype. DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) with cleithral pine reduced to hort, ubtriangular pine (width 5-9 % SL) and ventrad of the opercular pine; no black blotch in firt doral fin; trunk cale with calloped edge; prepectoral, breat, belly, and interpelvic area caled; pectoral fin inner urface with black blotch, bordered with pale to whitih pot, remainder of fin duky rather than black, ray and margin pale, connected ray; pectoral fin length % SL, longet free ray % SL; epibranchial gill-raker 0-1, ceratobranchial gill-raker 8-, hort (3-4 % SL). Vertebrae 27, rarely 28. DISTRIBUTION: Known from the continental helf in the region of the South China Sea. Specimen have been taken off Luzon, northern Philippine, and in Tonking Bay, outhern China, in m. REMARKS: Echmeyer (1998) lited P. pinoa a a ynonym of P. tagala and we concur. Pterygotrigla (Otohime) urahimai p. nov. (Fig. 1H; Fig.; Table 1-7) Otohime tagala (non Herre and Kauffman 1952: 28 (two tentatively lited paratype differentiated). HOLOTYPE: USNM , (93.6mmSL). Philippine Iland, Luzon, off the coat of Cavite Province, outh entrance to Manila Bay, 119 m. PARATYPE: USNM , 1 (82.3mmSL) taken with the holotype. DIAGNOSIS: A pecie of Pterygotrigla (Otohime) without a defined cleithral pine (width 5 % SL), rudiment of pine medial of opercular pine; no black blotch on firt doral fin; trunk cale with calloped edge, prepectoral, breat, and interpelvic area naked; belly caled; pectoral fin inner urface with black blotch, membrane duky rather than black, connected ray; pectoral-fin length % SL, longet free ray % SL; epibranchial gill-raker 1-2, ceratobranchial gill-raker 8, hort (3 % SL). Vertebrae 27. DESCRIPTION: Count and meaurement of the holotype and paratype are given in Table 1-7. Head large; rotral pine hort, traight, not pread at tip; large nuchal pine; opercular pine elongate, lightly longer than orbit diameter; two hort preopercular pine; no other pine on head. Cleithral pine abent; poterior edge of cleithrum rounded, without ridge. Eye large, laterally poitioned; orbit width equal to interorbital width. Mouth very large with fine teeth on premaxillarie, dentarie and head of vomer. Trunk deep anteriorly, tapering poteriorly, caudal peduncle narrow. Ventral apect not flattened a in other triglid genera. Fin moderate, caudal fin lightly lunate; pectoral fin moderate, reaching bae of 9 th anal ray, 1 t free pectoralfin ray reaching bae of 7 th anal ray; pelvic fin reaching bae of 2 nd anal ray. Firt doral-fin pine finely errate. Scale of paratype mall with poterior calloping, lightly longer than deep, lacking ctenii. Lateral line cale tubular, opening and tube ubequal in width. Scale abent from nape, prepectoral area, breat, and interpelvic area; cale preent on belly. COLOURATION: Small dark pot cattered on upper half of body and head, two row of dark pot on econd doral fin. Inner urface of pectoral fin with intene black blotch near bae, remainder of fin duky rather than black, except for pale margin and ray, no white ocellu. DISTRIBUTION: Known from two pecimen collected from the continental helf off Manila, Luzon, in the northern Philippine in 119 m. ETYMOLOGY: Urahima i a hero of the Japanee folktale in which Otohime (the godde of fihe) i alo an important character. REMARKS: In the original decription of P. tagala, Herre and Kauffman (1952) noted that two of their paratype differed lightly from the other type, but they retained them, omewhat tentatively, in the type erie. One of u, Yato, noticed everal additional difference when he

17 examined the type erie at the USNM. The lateral-line cale and body cale are identical to thoe of P. tagala and P. oela new pecie, but other character in the diagnoi and key clearly eparate P. urahimai from thee pecie. Thi pecie could be ympatric with P. tagala a only only a few meter in depth eparate the type location. Incertae edi Pterygotrigla alepi (Alcock) Prionotu alepi Alcock 1889: , Pl. 22, Fig.9 (original decription). Alcock 1896: 319 (lited, poible ynonym of Trigla hemiticta Temminck and Schlegel). Echmeyer 1998: 71 (lit, type, reference). Exoliu alepi. Jordan 1923: 217. (Deignated type pecie of Exoliu by original deignation, alo monotypy). REMARKS: Alcock (1896) uggeted that hi Prionotu alepi might be the young of Pterygotrigla hemiticta. A comparion of the type decription and illutration of the 36.5 mm SL or TL? holotype with imilarily ized, juvenile of P. hemiticta (46.8 mm SL, 58 mm TL) revealed ome difference. In the type of P. alepi the pectoral fin reache the end of the anal-fin bae (reaching midway along anal-fin bae in P. hemiticta), the opercular pine i hort (rather than long), the pectoral fin i truncate (rather than pointed), the dorum lack pot (rather than being potted). The lateral line i incomplete with 16 tube viible (rather than complete), and teeth are preent on the vomer and palatine (rather than confined to vomer). Prionotu alepi i either the young of another Pterygotrigla pecie or i valid. More data are needed before it tatu can be clarified. Juvenile tage of mot pecie are rare in collection and a large ize erie of each pecie i needed to reolve early life hitory tage identification. Jordan (1923) erected a new genu Exoliu for thi pecie baed olely on the decription, which noted that it lacked cale. Apparently, Jordan failed to realize that thi decription wa baed on a mall juvenile of a pecie far removed from area where Prionotu are found. DISCUSSION Otohime i repreented by 11 pecie of generally colourful triglid characterized by elongated opercle pine, lack of naal, antrore rotral, and econd doralfin ray bae pine, and a tendency for reduction of the cleithral pine. The reduction of the cleithral pine in everal pecie i diagnotic and poibly indicate relationhip between them. Three of the pecie have connected pectoral-fin ray and the remainder have. The colour pattern of the inner urface of the pectoral fin and the firt doral-fin membrane are pecie pecific and probably play a behavioural role. It i very difficult and next to impoible to dicern ex from gro viual examination becaue the pecimen are mall, many are old and poorly preerved. Sexual difference may account for ome intra-pecific difference, but many more and better preerved pecimen are needed to allow differentiation. Morphometric data ummarized in Table 1 and 2 provide ome evidence of hape difference between Otohime pecie. However, becaue of the mall ample ize and ontogenetic variability within the group, thee trend cannot be unraveled uing robut tatitical analye. Of the 11 pecie, 4 are known from 4 or fewer pecimen. Neverthele, ome interpecific difference are evident. For example, where ample ize are ubtantial (n>14) and the data et include both juvenile and adult (i.e. P. arabica and P. draiggoch), morphometric difference between pecie were clear: premaxillary or upper jaw length % SL in P. arabica v. -17 % SL in P. draiggoch; gill raker length % SL in P. arabica v % SL in P. draiggoch. Other character, uch a pectoral fin ize could be ueful (length % in P. arabica v % SL in P. draiggoch). However, a the pectoral fin length varie greatly with growth, data for a range of growth tage i needed to provide an adequate diagnoi. The morphometric comparion in Table 2 how imilaritie in ome ratio and point to poible difference between other. For example, P. draiggoch and P. elicryte occur in the ame region and P. tagala and P. urahimai are alo ympatric. Clear difference in pigmentation and quamation eparate thee pecie but they are very imilar morphologically. Apart from pectoral-fin ray count, the pecie of Fig.. Pterygotrigla (O.) urahimai, 93.6 mm SL, USNM , holotype.