Can marine protected areas be used to enhance fisheries in Namibia? Sheila JJ Heymans

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1 Can marine protected areas be used to enhance fisheries in Namibia? Sheila JJ Heymans ECEM 07 Ecopath workshop November 2007 Trieste

2 Northern Benguela ecosystem 15 Ecopath: 1956 Ecosim: Ecospace: Heymans, S.J.J, Sumaila, U.R Updated ecosystem model for the northern Benguela ecosystem, Namibia. pp Le Quesne, W.J.F., Arreguin-Sanchez, F., Heymans, S.J.J. (Eds). INCOFISH ecosystem models: transiting from Ecopath to Ecospace. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 15(6), 188 pages.

3 Longline Seal R line C line Midwater Demersal Lobster Purse seine Crab Ecopath model 32 groups Adult-juvenile split Anchovy Sardine Gobies Horse mackerel Hake Jellyfish Seaweed Detritus

4 Ecosim fitting - Biomass Data Model

5 Ecosim fitting - Catch Data Model

6 Ecospace basemap 140 rows, 70 columns, 10km length cells Surf north Deep north Slope north Cape Cross Shelf Slope south Surf south Deep south Lüderitz Surf = coast 30m Shelf = m Slope = m Deep >500m Skeleton Coast Park West Coast Recreational Area Advection included Namib Naukluft Park Sperrgebiet

7 Fisheries, ports and distance to fishing grounds Demersal Seals Crab Longline Seaweed Purse seine Midwater Commercial linefishery Lobster Walvis Bay Lüderitz Recreational linefishery

8 MPA to protect commercial species Skeleton Coast Park West Coast Recreational Area Namib Naukluft Park Sperrgebiet

9 MPA selection 6%

10 Fishing effort with MPA in

11 Difference with MPA Difference with MPA % difference in biomass Mammals Seals Birds Sharks Tuna Snoek Linefish J Anchovy A Anchovy J Sardine A Sardine J Gobies A Gobies S pelagics Mesopelagics J hmackerel A hmackerel J hake A hake Monkfish Demersals Cephalopods Crabs Lobster % difference in catch Sharks Tuna Snoek A Anchovy A Sardine S pelagics Mesopelagics J hmackerel A hmackerel J hake A hake Monkfish Demersals Cephalopods Crabs

12 Difference with MPA % Longlines Crab traps Lobster C linefish R linefish Seal % difference in profit by fleet % difference in catch by fleet Purse seine Midwater Demersal

13 Biomass of important species without MPA

14 Biomass and price of important species with MPA N$621 N$6,597 N$24,150 N$6,597 N$371 N$834 N$2,065 N$3,158 N$5,685 N$7,220 N$6,597 N$71,700

15 Difference in biomass inside and Sharks Tuna Snoek J Anchovy A Anchovy J Sardine A Sardine outside the MPA J Gobies A Gobies S pelagics J hmackerel A hmackerel J hake A hake Monkfish Demersals Cephalopods Lobster MPA Outside 700

16 Conclusions A 6% aerial closer: Very small change in overall biomass ~ 1% increase in juvenile hake; Increase in biomass of commercial species in MPA; BUT Reduced catches by demersal (2%) and midwater trawlers (4%); Increased catches by longliners (1%) and purse seiners (3%); Increased the profit of longliners (8%) while decreasing 700 profit for demersal trawlers (47%); HOWEVER Longliners are distant water fleet ~ no gain for Namibia; Demersal fleet is highest earner in Namibia, with largest loss in profit!

17 Future work Different sizes and placement of MPAs; Different % of habitat closures to protect biodiversity; Protect biomass of charismatic megafauna; Improved spatial model fitting; Uncertainty testing of input data; SLOSS. Acknowledgements Data from MFMR Namibia Funding, Incofish and NERC Will LeQuesne and WP4, 5 groups 700

18 Main fisheries Skeleton Coast Park Cape Cross West Coast Recreational Area Walvis Bay Namib Naukluft Park Purse seine Midwater Demersal Longline Lüderitz Sperrgebiet

19 Fishing effort in

20 Ecospace base model in 2020

21 Dispersal rates in bad habitat Relative dispersal rate Relative vulnerability to predation Relative feeding rate J,A J,A J,A J Other

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