Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Vietnam, March 2012 Page 1

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1 Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Vietnam, March 2012 Page 1 in the In Situ Conservation Role 80 species for which mitigation of threats in the wild may still bring about their successful conservation. Annandia delacouri Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown Local people collect this species for food (Nguyen Quang Truong). Quasipaa boulengeri Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown This species belongs to a group of species that are often confused and misidentified (Jodi Rowley). This species is collected by local people for food (Jeremy Holden). They are relatively easy to catch because they become concentrated in drying pools (Jeremy Holden). Theloderma bicolor Threats are reversible in time frame No It is in protected areas but not effectively protected (Nguyen Quang Truong). It is being collected for the pet trade (Nguyen Thien Tao, Nguyen Quang Truong). It has been bred to F1 at the Amphibian Station in Hanoi (Nguyen Quang Truong). Theloderma corticale Threats are reversible in time frame No Has been bred to F2 in Hanoi, Europe, and Russia (Nguyen Quang Truong, Thomas Ziegler). There may be temperature-dependent sex determination. This is currently under research (Thomas Ziegler). Paramesotriton deloustali Threats are reversible in time frame No It is harvested for traditional medicine and the pet trade (Nguyen Quang Truong). It is currently being studied for its skin toxins (Nguyen Thien Tao). It has been bred to F1 in Germany (Thomas Ziegler). The Vietnamese Red Data Book 2007 recommends this species for ex situ breeding (Nguyen Quang Truong). Brachytarsophrys intermedia Threats are reversible in time frame No Cambodia has been removed from the range for this workshop. This species is harvested for food in central Vietnam (Jodi Rowley, Le Thi Thuy Duong). They are a loud frog that calls during the day, so they are easily targeted (Jodi Rowley, Le Thi Thuy Duong). Collecting could cause local population declines (Annemarie Ohler, Jodi Rowley, Le Thi Thuy Duong). Odorrana banaorum Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is also found in Cambodia (Jeremy Holden, Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong). This species is difficult to identify from Odorrana morafkai (Jodi Rowley). The females are harvested for food (Jodi Rowley). Quasipaa acanthophora Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown In Vietnam, Quasipaa spinosa should be Quasipaa acanthophora (Annemarie Ohler). It is likely eaten by local people, but not to a huge extent (Annemarie Ohler, Nguyen Quang Truong). Nanorana bourreti Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown Local consumption for food (Nguyen Quang Truong). There is a phylogenetic study on the populations of Yunnan, but no published genetic data on the Vietnamese populations. The genetic data were good but many of the specimens were likely misidentified (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong, Annemarie Ohler).

2 Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Vietnam, March 2012 Page 2 Amolops spinapectoralis Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is harvested for food, it may decline locally or become locally extinct due to overharvesting (Jodi Rowley). The tadpoles of all Amolops are potentially interesting for ex-situ conservation education purposes as they have huge suckers and could climb the sides of an aquarium, but they might be difficult to keep in captivity (Jodi Rowley). Hylarana montivaga Threats are reversible in time frame Yes This species is only known from Vietnam (Jodi Rowley). This is likely Odorrana instead of Hylarana; it is likely one of the Odorrana already described (Annemarie Ohler). Local people collect this species in fairly large numbers for food in the breeding season (Le Thi Thuy Duong). Odorrana bacboensis Threats are reversible in time frame Yes This species can live in big streams in somewhat disturbed areas (Nguyen Quang Truong, Jodi Rowley). It is likely collected for food, but the extent is unknown (Nguyen Quang Truong, Jodi Rowley). Odorrana graminea Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is heavily collected locally for food (Nguyen Quang Truong). Odorrana trankieni Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is locally very abundant, but it is heavily collected by local people for food during the breeding season (Nguyen Quang Truong). Rhacophorus vampyrus Threats are reversible in time frame No It needs good forest (Jodi Rowley). Tadpoles have mouthparts which is likely very rare (Jodi Rowley). It is a beautiful species. Theloderma ryabovi Threats are reversible in time frame No It is collected for food in southern Vietnam (Nguyen Thien Tao). Leptobrachium echinatum Threats are reversible in time frame Yes This species is only known from Fansipan, which is a protected area, but it is likely not effectively protected there (Nguyen Quang Truong). There is some question about whether this is a valid species (Jodi Rowley). Glyphoglossus molossus Threats are reversible in time frame No Large distribution, which is mostly lowland (Jodi Rowley). This species is heavily targeted and over collected for food, especially in Cambodia, Thailand, and Laos (Jeremy Holden, Jodi Rowley). It is an explosive breeder. Recognized as the 'tastiest frog in Cambodia' (Jeremy Holden). This species might be important for education to local communities because it is so explosively breeding, and therefore entire breeding populations can be easily over-harvested (Jeremy Holden). Kaloula mediolineata Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is heavily harvested for local consumption in Laos (Jodi Rowley). Only one record in Cambodia (Jeremy Holden) and rare in Vietnam (Nguyen Quang Truong). Could be used for education because it is pretty and blows itself up and makes glue, and people could be educated not to eat it. Rhacophorus kio Threats are reversible in time frame No It has been bred in Hanoi, but offspring did not survive to adulthood (Thomas Ziegler, Nguyen Quang Truong). It is beautiful, gliding, and foam nest building. This species seems to need the presence of large mammals for wallowing holes for breeding (Jeremy Holden).

3 Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Vietnam, March 2012 Page 3 Tylototriton vietnamensis Threats are reversible in time frame No Ophryophryne hansi Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is also found in Cambodia (Jeremy Holden, Jodi Rowley, Annemarie Ohler). Ophryophryne gerti Threats are reversible in time frame No Hoplobatrachus rugulosus Threats are reversible in time frame No There are very few protected lowland areas, which is the primary habitat for this species (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong, Jeremy Holden, Thomas Ziegler). In addition, the protected areas where it occurs might not be effectively protected because this species is collected by local people for food (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong, Jeremy Holden). The economic importance of this species comes from harvesting for food. Frogs have not been bred for conservation, but they may be bred for consumption. They have been bred extensively in Thailand for consumption, but not sure if this is to F1 or F2. May be good for education if coupled with information about declines due to consumption. There is a small protected area in southern Laos in Salavan. Pollution may especially be a problem for eggs and tadpoles in rice paddies (Nguyen Quang Truong). There is a large amount of international trade. Genetic pollution from farming is a possibility as well (Jodi Rowley, Jeremy Holden). Paddy fields being developed may also be a threat (Jeremy Holden). Researchers at this workshop note that they find it rarely in the field (Thomas Ziegler, Jodi Rowley, Katie Holzer). Quasipaa verrucospinosa Threats are reversible in time frame No It occurs in protected areas, but it is targeted by local people for food and is not effectively protected (Nguyen Quang Truong, Jodi Rowley). There is a phylogenetic study, but it is not sufficient. This species belongs to a group of species that are often confused and misidentified. This could be a husbandry analog for other Quasipaa and Nanorana (Thomas Ziegler). Leptobrachium mouhoti Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown It occurs mostly in protected areas where habitat loss is still a problem, but this species is not collected, so it is relatively protected. areas in Cambodia are not sufficiently protected, and much more effective protection is required to prevent further declines of amphibian populations. boundaries between L. mouhoti and L. pullum are currently unclear (Jodi Rowley). Philautus abditus Threats are reversible in time frame No Leptobrachium leucops Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown This species has just been described (Jodi Rowley). Leptobrachium ngoclinhense Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Found in very high mountains (Le Thi Thuy Duong, Nguyen Quang Truong). Leptobrachium pullum Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown boundaries between L. mouhoti and L. pullum are currently unclear (Jodi Rowley). Leptobrachium xanthospilum Threats are reversible in time frame No

4 Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Vietnam, March 2012 Page 4 Leptolalax applebyi Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown This species is only known from protected areas, but Jodi rarely works outside of protected areas, so its distribution outside of protected areas is unknown (Jodi Rowley). Leptolalax bidoupensis Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown Leptolalax bourreti Threats are reversible in time frame No Rhacophorus annamensis Threats are reversible in time frame No It is collected locally for food, but not to a huge extent (Nguyen Quang Truong). It has been bred in captivity to F1 in Hanoi and in Russia (Thomas Ziegler). It might be good for education because of the color change from juvenile to adult (Thomas Ziegler). Leptolalax tuberosus Threats are reversible in time frame No Nanorana aenea Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Nanorana fansipani is now Nanorana aenea (Annemarie Ohler). It is in protected areas in Vietnam. This species is known from the type locality, Fan Si Pan Mountain, in northern Vietnam, and also from Pu Hoat, Nghe An Province, also in Vietnam. This species belongs to a group of species that are often confused and misidentified. Microhyla annamensis Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Amolops compotrix Threats are reversible in time frame Yes The tadpoles of all Amolops are potentially interesting for ex-situ conservation Odorrana absita Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is locally collected for food, but not to a large extent (Jodi Rowley). Odorrana khalam Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is likely to be collected locally for food (Jodi Rowley). In the breeding season the males turn bright yellow and it is a very beautiful species (Jodi Rowley). Odorrana orba Threats are reversible in time frame No Rhacophorus exechopygus Threats are reversible in time frame No Amolops iriodes Threats are reversible in time frame Yes The tadpoles of all Amolops are potentially interesting for ex-situ conservation Amolops minutus Threats are reversible in time frame No This has only been recorded in one place (Nguyen Quang Truong). The tadpoles of all Amolops are potentially interesting for ex-situ conservation education purposes as they have huge suckers and could climb the sides of an aquarium, but they might be difficult to keep in captivity (Jodi Rowley).

5 Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Vietnam, March 2012 Page 5 Amolops splendissimus Threats are reversible in time frame No This may be the same species as Amolops caelumnoctis (Nguyen Quang Truong, Annemarie Ohler). Some specimens of this species have likely been called Amolops viridimaculatus (Annemarie Ohler). This is a very beautiful frog. The tadpoles of all Amolops are potentially interesting for ex-situ conservation Odorrana geminata Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Odorrana gigatympana Threats are reversible in time frame No This species might be the same as Odorrana absita (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong). Odorrana yentuensis Threats are reversible in time frame Yes Coal mining is a problem for this species (Nguyen Thien Tao, Nguyen Quang Truong). Gracixalus quangi Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown This is a beautiful species. Gracixalus quyeti Threats are reversible in time frame No Gracixalus supercornutus Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is beautiful. Philautus maosonensis Threats are reversible in time frame No Rhacophorus duboisi Threats are reversible in time frame No It is an attractive species, maybe good for education. Rhacophorus feae Threats are reversible in time frame No It is collected for food in Vietnam, but not to a large extent (Nguyen Quang Truong). It may be collected for the pet trade, but this is unknown. It has been bred to F1 in Hanoi and in Russia (Nguyen Quang Truong, Thomas Ziegler, Jodi Rowley). Rhacophorus hoanglienensis Threats are reversible in time frame No Theloderma laeve Threats are reversible in time frame No Theloderma lateriticum Threats are reversible in time frame No Theloderma truongsonense Threats are reversible in time frame No Philautus truongsonensis is now Theloderma truongsonense (Nguyen Quang Truong, Jodi Rowley). Limnonectes kuhlii Threats are reversible in time frame No This is a complex group and species names and distinctions may change soon (Nguyen Quang Truong). Based on the current taxonomy where it is a widespread species it does not require conservation action, but with revision, it is likely to be several species with more limited distributions and higher conservation concern (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong). Collected by local people for food. Odorrana morafkai Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is also found in Cambodia (Jeremy Holden). There is some difficultly with identification in the field (Jodi Rowley). This species is harvested for food, especially females (Jodi Rowley). Pelophylax lateralis Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is heavily harvested for food which is likely to be a significant problem for this species (Jeremy Holden, Annemarie Ohler, Jodi Rowley).

6 Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Vietnam, March 2012 Page 6 Rhacophorus dugritei Threats are reversible in time frame No This is a species complex (Annemarie Ohler). Local people harvest this for food (Nguyen Thien Tao). Theloderma gordoni Threats are reversible in time frame No It is in the pet trade, but not as commonly as other Theloderma species (Jodi Rowley). It is a beautiful species. It has been bred to F1 in Hanoi and Russia (Nguyen Quang Truong). Bufo cryptotympanicus Threats are reversible in time frame Unknown Populations are in Nature Reserves, but it is not known if they are effectively protected there (Nguyen Quang Truong). Odorrana chapaensis Threats are reversible in time frame No Rhacophorus robertingeri Threats are reversible in time frame No R. robertingeri was recently described, having previously been erroneously referred to as R. calcaneus (Jodi Rowley, Nguyen Quang Truong). Not found in Cambodia. It was maintained in captivity in Hanoi (Nguyen Quang Truong). It is a beautiful species. Theloderma rhododiscus Threats are reversible in time frame No Tylototriton asperrimus Threats are reversible in time frame No Brachytarsophrys feae Threats are reversible in time frame No Some local people do not eat this frog because they are afraid of poison (Nguyen Quang Truong), but it has been seen being harvested for food (Nguyen Thien Tao). In protected habitat in northern Vietnam. Phylogenetic study has been done, but it is not complete. Ophryophryne pachyproctus Threats are reversible in time frame No Xenophrys jingdongensis Threats are reversible in time frame No Amolops cremnobatus Threats are reversible in time frame Yes The tadpoles of all Amolops are potentially interesting for ex-situ conservation Amolops mengyangensis Threats are reversible in time frame No It may be collected for food, but this is unknown (Nguyen Quang Truong, Annemarie Ohler). The tadpoles of all Amolops are potentially interesting for exsitu conservation education purposes as they have huge suckers and could climb the sides of an aquarium, but they might be difficult to keep in captivity (Jodi Rowley). Limnonectes dabanus Threats are reversible in time frame No The species is very sexually dimorphic, which may be interesting for education. Hylarana attigua Threats are reversible in time frame No Odorrana nasica Threats are reversible in time frame No Odorrana tiannanensis Threats are reversible in time frame No Gracixalus gracilipes Threats are reversible in time frame No This species is very beautiful.

7 Amphibian Ark Conservation Needs Assessment, Vietnam, March 2012 Page 7 Rhacophorus orlovi Threats are reversible in time frame No It is locally abundant, but only found in primary and secondary forest (Nguyen Thien Tao, Nguyen Quang Truong, Jodi Rowley). It has been bred to F1 in Russia (Thomas Ziegler, Nguyen Thien Tao). It is a beautiful species.