What is an animal? Introduction to Animals 2. Phylum Mollusca. Phylum Mollusca 4/20/2016
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1 What is an animal? Introduction to Animals 2 Multicellular chemoorganoheterotrophs Eukaryotes that lack cell walls and chloroplasts Have mitochondria Are motile at some point in their lives Snails, Octopus, Clams, Mussels, Chitons, etc. Mantle ** - secretes shell in shelled organisms Muscular Foot ** - used for locomotion Visceral Mass ** - where body organs are found Snails, Octopus, Clams, Mussels, Chitons, etc. Mantle ** - secretes shell in shelled organisms Muscular Foot ** - used for locomotion Visceral Mass ** - where body organs are found Radula may or may not be a synapomorphy, but all Molluscs groups have it except for Bivalves 1
2 Snails, Octopus, Clams, Mussels, Chitons, etc. Trochophore larvae No lophophore Some have Veliger larvae (after trochophore stage) Class Bivalvia (Clams, mussels, scallops) No radula 2 shells connected by a hinge Class Polyplacophora (Chitons) 7-8 shell plates Class Gastropoda (snails, limpets, slugs, abalone) pet_6150.jpg Class Cephalopoda (octopus, nautilus, cuttlefish, squid) Group Ecdysozoa All Protostomes Molt to grow og Bilaterally symmetric Cephalization 2
3 Phylum Nematoda Phylum Tardigrada Roundworms Whip-like body motion Molt cuticle to grow (not an exoskeleton) Not segmented Water bears Cuticle, not an exoskeleton dyny _nematoda.jpg Jointed appendages Jointed appendages Segmented Fused segments called Tagma Head Thorax Abdomen Subphylum Trilobita All extinct 3 tagma Biramous appendages 1 pair of antennae Unclear about type of mouth parts Subphylum Chelicerata Chelicerae (pincher or fang-like) 2 tagma (Cephalothorax and Abdomen) No antennae Uniramous apendages 4 pairs of walking legs helicerae.gif tions-en.svg/220px-trilobite_sections-en.svg.png 3
4 Subphylum Chelicerata Class Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks) Class Merostomata (horseshoe crabs) Class Pycnogonida (sea spiders) Subphylum Crustacea 2 pairs of antennae Biramous appendages Mandibles (no chelicerae) More than 4 pairs of walking legs org/polar/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/sea_spider-16.jpg /ukqm0gstjz8/s1600/horseshoecrab.jpg Subphylum Crustacea Class Malacostraca (isopods, amphipods, crabs, lobsters, barnacles) Subphylum Myriapoda 2 tagma (head and trunk) Uniramous appendages Mandibles 3 tagma Uniramous appendages 1 pair of antennae Mandibles modified into different types for different types of feeding Different types of development Mouth parts differ 4
5 Ametabolous direct development Hemimetabolous incomplete development Holometabolous complete deveolpment Order Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers) Large femurs on last pair Four wings Chewing mouth parts Hemimetabolous %20anthopteran.jpg Order Hemiptera (true bugs, water bugs) Half wings (diamond shape on back) Half shield wing Four wings Piercing/sucking mouth parts Hemimetabolous es/lygaeidaemelanocoryphus-a2.250a.jpg Order Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps) Membrane bound wings 4 wings (2 pairs) Abdomen bigger than thorax Chewing mouth parts _f.jpg es/compendium/hymenoptera/hymen1b.gif Order Diptera (flies and mosquitoes) One pair of flying wings Other modified into halters (used for balancing) Lapping/sucking mouth parts Order Coleoptera (beetles) 2 pairs of wings (4 wings total) 1 pair of wings are shield wings 1 pair of wings are used for flying (under shield) Chewing mouth parts MG_0487_Coleoptera.JPG teres.jpg/320px-crane_fly_halteres.jpg 5
6 Order Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) 2 pairs of wings (4 wings total) Scales on wings Siphon like mouth parts (sucking) Includes sea stars, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollars, brittle stars HyCs Adults are radially symmetric, larvae are bilaterally symmetric Regeneration of body parts Catch Connective tissue can maintain muscular contraction without expending energy lock muscles Neural net Have a Water Vascular System type of hydrostatic skeleton Class Asteroidea sea stars Arms Ossicles form endoskeleton Class Ophiuroidea brittle stars Flexible and fragile arms No anus 6
7 Class Echinoidea sea urchins and sand dollars Spines on sea urchins Test (shell) forms internal skeletal material Class Holothuroidea sea cucumbers Look spiny, but soft Expel guts when threatened 7
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