A new species of Brachendus (Acari: Eriophyidae) associated with the white mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaerten (Combretaceae), in Brazil

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1 This article was downloaded by: [University of Sherbrooke] On: 19 March 2015, At: 15:59 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: Registered office: Mortimer House, Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK International Journal of Acarology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: A new species of Brachendus (Acari: Eriophyidae) associated with the white mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaerten (Combretaceae), in Brazil Carlos H. W. Flechtmann a, Isabela V. dos Santos-Mendonca b & Jarcilene S. Almeida-Cortez c a Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrícola, Universidade de São Paulo - ESALQ, Caixa Postal 09, , Piracicaba, SP, Brazil b Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, A'v. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil E- mail: c Departamento de Botanica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Published online: 17 Mar To cite this article: Carlos H. W. Flechtmann, Isabela V. dos Santos-Mendonca & Jarcilene S. Almeida-Cortez (2007) A new species of Brachendus (Acari: Eriophyidae) associated with the white mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaerten (Combretaceae), in Brazil, International Journal of Acarology, 33:3, , DOI: / To link to this article: PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the Content ) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at

2 Vol. 33, No. 3 Internat. J. Acarol. 195 A NEW SPECIES OF BRACHENDUS (ACARI: ERIOPHYIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH THE WHITE MANGROVE, LAGUNCULARIA RACEMOSA (L.) GAERTEN (COMBRETACEAE), IN BRAZIL Carlos H. W. Flechtmann 1, Isabela V. dos Santos-Mendonca 2 and Jareilene S. Almeida-Cortez 3 1. CNPq-Brazil Researcher, Universidade de Silo Paulo - ESALQ, Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agricola, Caixa Postal 09, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil ( chwflech@esalq.usp.br); 2. Programa de P6s-Graduacao em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Ag. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ( isabelaic@gmail.com; 3. Departamento de Botanica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, , 'Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ( cortez_jarcy@yahoo.com). ABSTRACT - The eriophyid mite, Brachendus enodis n. sp., is described from the Brazilian white mangrove and illustrated on the basis of the female, male and pouch galls developing on leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaerten (Combretaceae). Key words - Acari, Eriophyidae, white mangrove gall-mite, Brazil. INTRODUCTION Mangroves are forests of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in the shallow tidal waters of estuaries and coastal areas in tropical regions (Tomlinson, 1986). They require slow currents, no frost and plenty of fine sediment in which to set their roots. Approximately 1.38 million hectares of mangrove occur in Brazil (Kjerfve and Lacerda, 1993). There are three species of mangroves from three different plant families: red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae), black mangrove, Avicennia germinans (L.) L. (Avicenniaceae) and white mangrove, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaerten. (Combretaceae) occurring along the northeast Brazilian coasts (Tomlinson, 1986) Laguncularia racemosa, the white mangrove, a flowering plant, is native to the coasts of western Africa from Senegal to Cameroon, the Atlantic coasts of the Americas from Bermuda, Florida, thebahamas, Mexico and the Caribbean south to Brazil, and, on the Pacific coast of the Americas from Mexico to northwestern Peru, including the Galapagos Islands (Sobrado, 2004). It is a mangrove tree growing to meter tall. The bark is gray-brown or reddish, rough and fissured; pneumatophores and/or prop roots may be present, depending on environmental conditions (Schaeffer-Novelli and Cintron, 1986). The leaves are opposite, elliptical, 4-10 cm long and cm broad, rounded at both ends, entire, smooth, leathery in texture, slightly fleshy, without visi- ble veins and yellow-green in color (Tomlinson, 1986). The petiole is stout, reddish, mm long, with two small glands near the blade, that exude salt (Medina, 1999). The white bell-shaped flowers are mostly bisexual and about 5 mm long. The fruit is a reddish-brown drupe; about mm long, with longitudinal ridges. The single seed is sometimes viviparous (Tomlinson, 1986). Leaves of L. racemosa are frequently infested by small, widely scattered green pouch galls with dense abaxial erineum. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new species of leaf-gall mite on this plant. Measurements are given in micrometers, and unless otherwise specified, refer to the length of the structure. For females, each measurement of the holotype precedes the corresponding range for the paratypes. Ventral opisthosomal annuli count starts from genitalia rear margin and dorsal opisthosomal annuli count from prodorsal shield rear margin. Brachendus enodis n. sp. (Figs. 1, 2) Diagnosis - Dorsal opisthosomal annuli smooth (microtubercles present on dorsal annuli in the other known species); ventral annuli with microtubercles restricted to the area caudad of tubercle of ventral seta II (e) (all ventral anmdi microtuberculate in the other species). Gall eliciting (other known species vagrants or in buds).

3 196 Flechtmarm et al. 2007!! 3em Fig. 1. Laguncularia racemosa (white mangrove) - A. plant; B. galled leaves; C. details of galls on the upper leaf surface.

4 Vol. 33, No. 3 Internat. J. Acarol. 197 V 10 lain [_2 I= Fig. 2. Brachendus enodis n.sp. (female) - D. dorsal aspect, E. empodium, L1. leg I, L2. leg II, V. ventral aspect, (male) GM. male genitalia. FEMALE (n = 6) - Body elongate, wormlike, 167 ( ), 55 (47-55) widest at level of ventral seta I (d). Gnathosoma - Curved down, apical seta 4 (3-5), basal seta 4 (4), chelicera 19 (17-19). Prodorsal shield - 26 (24-26), 42 (38-42) wide, smooth, shield design absent. Setiferous tubercles on rear shield margin, 15 (12-17) apart, directing scapular setae up and forward, sc 5 (3-6). Legs - leg 1 25 (22-25), femur 9 (7-9), femoral seta (by) 8 (6-8), genu 4 (3-4), genual seta (l') 24 (21-24), tibia 5 (5-6), tibial seta (/') 6 (4-7), tarsus 4 (3-6), dorsal seta (fi') 6 (5-7), lateral seta (fi'~ 12 (11-14), unguinal seta (u') 3 (2-4), solenidion 4 (4-6), distally expanded, empodium 5

5 198 Flechtmann et al (5), 4-rayed. Leg II 23 (20-23), femur 8 (6-8), bv 7 (6-8), genu 4 (2-4), 1"8 (7-11), tibia 5 (3-5), tarsus 4 (3-4),fi'4 (3-5), fi" 18 (16-19), u' 3 (2-3), solenidion 6 (6-7), empodium 5 (4-6), 4-rayed. Coxigenital area - Coxae smooth; anterior coxae broadly connate mesally, forming a faint sternal line (prosternal apodeme), 10 (10-11). First setiferous coxal tubercles 11 (11-12) apart, slightly behind anterior coxal approximation, coxal seta I (lb) 8 (7-15). Second coxal tubercles approximate, 5 (4-5) apart, coxal seta II (la) 15 (15-23). Third coxal tubercles only slightly behind line across second tubercles, 21 (18-22) apart, coxal seta III (2a) 29 (28-40). Coxisternal annuli 4 (3-4), smooth. Genitalia - 18 (17-18) wide, 12 (10-12) long, epigynum smooth, genital seta (3a) 13 (12-14). Opisthosoma - Evenly arched in cross section. Lateral seta (c2) 16 (15-19), on annulus 3 (3-4) from genitalia rear margin; ventral seta I (d) 55 (42-55), 46 (35-46) apart, on annulus 13 (12-13), extending beyond tip of ventral seta II. Ventral seta II (e) 14 (13-14), 23 (18-23) apart, on annulus 24 (23-25); ventral seta III (/) 17 (16-19), 21 (18-21 apart, on annulus 43 (40-43) or 5th from rear. Total dorsal annuli 58 (54-58), smooth, devoid of microtubercles; total ventral annuli 48 (44-48), microtubercles present only on annuli caudad of ventral seta II (e). Caudal setae (h2) 45 (42-68), set on conspicuous tubercles directing setae forward; accessory seta (hl) minute. MALE (n = 3) - Smaller than female, , wide. Gnathosoma - Chelicera Prodorsal shield , wide; sc 3-5, apart. Legs - Leg I 16-17, femur 4-5, by 4-5, genu 2-3, l" 11-20, tibia 3-4, l' 3-4, tarsus 3-5, fi' 3-5, fi" 9-11, u' 2, solenidion 4-5, empodium 4-5, 4-rayed. Leg II 15-18, femur 4-6, by 4-6, genu 2, l" 4, tibia 2, tarsus 3, fi' 4, fl" 13-14, u' 2-4, solenidion 5-7, empodium 4-6, 4-rayed. Coxigenital area - lb 8-9, 7-8 apart; la 11-13, 3-5 apart; 2a 18-21, apart; sternal line (prostemal apodeme) 6-8; coxisternal annuli 4, smooth. Genitalia long, wide; 3a 7-8. Opisthosoma - c2 8-9, on annulus 1-2; d 27-33, apart, on annulus 7-8; e 10-12, apart, on annulus 16-18; fll-15, apart, on annulus or 5th from rear. Total dorsal annuli 45-49, smooth; total ventral annuli 36-39, microtuberculate as in female; h , hl minute. Type material - Holotype female, many female and male paratypes, from Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaerten (Combretaceae), Maracaipe mangrove, Ipojuca, Pernambuco, Brazil (08 32'24"S, 35 00'27"W), 10 April 2006, I. V. Santos-Mendonqa, on 11 microscopic preparations, in the Acarology Collection of Departamento de Entomologia, Fil-patologia e Zoologia Agricola, Universidade de Silo Paulo-ESALQ, Piracicaba, S~o Paulo, Brazil. Relation to host - Within pouch galls, 1-2 cm in diameter, which bulge on both sides of leaves; galls open on upper leaf surface by a small central orifice; there is a dense abaxial erineum. The mites are reddish-brown. Etymology - The specific designation is from the Latin enodis, meaning without knots and refers to the smooth dorsal and anterior ventral opisthosomal annuli. Remarks - The other known species in the genus are Brachendus pumitae Keifer, 1964, from buds of Castanea pumila L. (Fagaceae), USA; B. dimocarpi Boczek, 1996 (in: Chandrapatya and Boczek, 1996), a leaf curl agent on Dimocarpus logan Lour. (Sapindaceae), Thailand; and B. grewiae Umapathy, 1999, a leaf vagrant on Grewia tilifolia Vahl. (Tiliaceae), in India. There is also B. nitidus Wang, described by C. F. Wang in a Ph.D. thesis in Taiwan and is therefore to be regarded as a name in manuscript. It was not possible to get any further information on this species. REFERENCES Chandrapatya, A. and J. Boczek Studies on Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) XIX. Bull. Polish Acad. Sci., Biol. Sci. 44(1,2) : Keifer, H. H., Eriophyid Studies B-11. Calif. Dept. Agri., Bur. Entomol. 20 pp. Kjerfve, B. and L. D. Lacerda Mangroves of Brazil. pp , In: Lacerda, L.D. (Ed.). Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Mangrove Forests in Latin America and African Regions. Intl. Soc. Mangrove Ecosystems, Tech. report 2, ITTO TS-13, v. 1,272 pp. Medina, E Mangrove physiology: The challenge of salt, heat and light stress under recurrent flooding. pp In: Yanez-Arancibia, A. and A. L. Lara-Dominguez (Eds.). Ecosystemas de Manglar en America Tropical. Instituto de Ecologia A.C. Xalapa. Mexico. UICN/ORMA Costa Rica, NOAA/ NMFS, Silver Spring, Md., USA. Schaeffer-Novelli, Y. and G. Cintron Guia para estudo de areas de manguezal: estrutura, funcao e flora. Caribbean Ecological Research, Sio Paulo, 150 pp. Sobrado, M. A Influence of external salinity on the osmolality of xylem sap, leaf tissue and leaf gland secretion of the mangrove Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaerten. Trees 18: Tomlinson, P. B The Botany of Mangroves. Cambridge University Press, 419 pp. Umapathy, G Description of new eriophyids (Acari: Eriophyidae) under certain monoty-pic genera - I. Jour. Acaroi. 15(1, 2):