Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factors of Indian Major Carps (C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala) in Mahi Bajaj Sagar, India

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1 Research Paper Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factors of Indian Major Carps (C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala) in Mahi Bajaj Sagar, India N.C. Ujjania 1*, M.P.S. Kohli 2 and L.L.Sharma 3 1 Department of Aquatic Biology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat (INDIA) 2 Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Deemed University (ICAR), Off Yarri Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 61 3 Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan) * ncujjania@yahoo.com Abstract In this paper, length-weight relationships (LWR), condition factor (K) and relative condition factor (Kn) for three commercially important Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) from Mahi Bajaj Sagar are described. Mahi Bajaj Sagar-a freshwater reservoir, is situated in Banswara district of Rajasthan. This large sheet of water is an important major water body of the west coast river system of India. LWRs parameters are calculated for the three carp species and found significant. The correlation coefficient r was significant and observed to be 0.918, and in catla, rohu and mrigal, respectively for pooled data. However, these values ranged from , and for catla, rohu and mrigala, respectively in different length groups. In LWR (W=aL b ) values of exponent b were observed to be for catla, for rohu and for mrigal from pooled data whereas such values varied from for catla, for rohu and for mrigala in different length groups. The values of K were in catla, in rohu and in mrigal from pooled data. Moreover, it is fluctuated between in catla, in rohu and in mrigal for different length groups. The values of relative condition factor (Kn) were observed in range in different length groups and for the pooled data of selected species. These parameters have been found very useful to evaluate the wellbeing of populations, their biology for scientific management of fisheries and stock assessment. Keywords: Length-Weight Relationships, Indian Major Carps, catla, rohu, mrigal, Isometric, Allometric Growths 1. Introduction Computing mathematical relationship between length (total length, standard length) and weight of fish is an important aspect of applied fishery biology. Length-weight relationships provide basic information in fisheries biology and therefore, useful to determine the weight of an individual fish of known length or total weight from length-frequency distribution (Forese, 1998 & Koutrakis et al, 2003). This relationship was initially used to obtain information on the growth condition of fish and to find out whether the somatic growth was isometric or allometric (LeCren, 1951 & Ricker, 1975). Further, the condition factor (K) and relative condition factor (Kn) are the important biological parameters which indicate the suitability of a specific water body for growth of fish (LeCren, 1951). The condition factor is an index of species average size while relative condition factor is the ratio between observed weight and calculated weight of the fish. The values of these factors depend on physiological features of fish namely maturity, spawning, environmental factors and food availability in a water body. Length and weight of Indian major carps in relation to Available online at 30

2 growth parameters have been studied by Jhingran (1952, 1957 & 1959), Sinha (1972), Choudhary et al (1982), Johal et al (1992), Zafar et al (1992), Ahmed et al (1996), Jain (2000) and Saxena et al (2009). Johal et al (1983) reported a strong linear relationship between total length and weight of C. catla from Govind Sagar. Kartha et al (1990) in a similar study from the Gandhi Sagar (Madhya Pradesh) reported an isometric growth pattern in C. catla. Rajbanshi et al (1984) observed an isometric growth pattern at juvenile stage of the C. mrigala from a water body in the southern Rajasthan. Sarkar et al (1998) while performing a similar study on C. mrigala, observed that fish spawned in Bundh and a hatchery reared stock indicated an allometric growth of the from both these environments. Condition factor and relative condition factor for carps have been estimated by Chacko et al (1951), Chakraborty et al (1963), Jhingran et al (1979), Choudhari et al (1982), Johal et al (1983), Rajbanshi et al (1984) and Zafar et al (1992) and in several other researchers from different types of water bodies located in different regions and environments of the country. Chakraborty et al (1963) have estimated the relative conditions of the Cirrhinus mrigala from Allahabad. Rajbanshi et al (1984) estimated the relative condition factor of C. mrigala from Roopsagar Pond (Southern Rajasthan). These authors have opined that it is mainly dependent upon the growth, maturity of gonads and length of fish. Johal et al (1983) have described the condition factor of C. mrigala from Sukhna Lake (Chandigarh) and stated that condition factor increases with increase in length of the fish. Choudhari et al (1982) studied of condition factor for four Indian major carps from the river Brahmaputra and found that value of relative condition factor in C. catla was high during August and low during January. W = a L b log W = log a + b log L Where: a = Coefficient Related To Body Form b = Exponent The coefficient of correlation (r) was calculated following standard statistical procedure given by Snedecor and Cochran (1967) Condition factor (K) and relative condition factor (Kn) were determined for different length groups using length and weight data following the equation given by LeCren (1951): K = (W x 100) / L 3 Kn = W / w Where: W = Weight of fish in gm L = Standard length of fish in cm, and w = Calculated weight of fish in gm. For statistical analysis including regression analysis and calculation of correlation computer package PAST was used. 2. Materials and Methods Mahi Bajaj Sagar (MBS) is a major water body of west coast river system of India and situated in Banswara district of Rajasthan (Figure 1). A total of 540 specimens of Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus marigala) were collected from the landing centre and used to measure total length (cm), standard length (cm) and body weight (gm) from the commercial fish catch of MBS during the January to December, The length-weight relationship (LWR) between standard length (L, cm) and body weight (W, g) was determined from pooled data of different length groups (G 1 = cm, G 2 = cm, G 3 = cm, G 4 = cm, G 5 = cm). The parameters a and b was estimated by linear regression on the transformed equation given by LeCren (1951), Jones, (2002), Koutrakis et al (2003). This equation is sometimes also referred as the length-weight key (Biswas, 1993): Figure 1. Map of Study Area in Banswara District of Rajasthan 3. Results and Discussion The LWRs of C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala of MBS were determined from the transformed standard body length and body weight for different length groups and pooled data. Available online at 31

3 The length-weight data of selected Indian major carps were observed to vary between 25.0 to 75.0 cm as length and minimum 700 gm to maximum 12,500 gm as weight. The length weight was divided in different length groups (G1-G5). From the data, it is evident that maximum length frequency for mrigal was in G3 while it was maximum for rohu and catla in the G4 (Figure 2). The vales of constant a and exponent b were determined from the linear regression with logtransformed data to verify the cube law for the studied species. The values of exponent b were determined from pooled data and observed more than 3. These values were 3.275, and for catla, rohu and mrigal, respectively (Figure 3). Length frequency G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 Length groups Catla Rohu Mrigal Figure 2. Length Frequency Distribution Of The Three Indian Major Carps in Mahi Bajaj Sagar The LWR were observed highly significant (p<0.05) with r values of 0.918, and in catla, rohu and mrigal, respectively while for the pooled data and these were ranging between for catla, for mrigal and for rohu in different length groups (Table 1). The minimum values of exponent b observed were 3.160, and in catla, rohu and mrigal, respectively for the length group G 2 while it was maximum in catla and in rohu for the length group G 5 and in mrigala for the length group G 3 (Table 1). In case of fish species, weight is considered as a function of Table 1. Correlation of Standard Body Length With Body Weight of C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala from Mahi Bajaj Sagar at Different Length Groups Length Group C. catla L. rohita C. mrigala L ±SE W ± SE b ±SE a ± SE R L ± SE W ± SE b ±SE a ± SE r L ±SE W ± SE b ±SE a ± SE R G G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 Pooled ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± (n=12) (n=53) (n=102) (n=13) (n=180) ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.080 G 1 = , G 2 = , G 3 = , G 4 = , G 5 = cm, L = mean standard length, W = mean weight, SE = Standard error, a = Constant, b = Exponent ± ± ± ± ± ± (n=21) (n=46) ±0.334 ± ±0.25 ±0.40 (n=76) (n=39) ±0.294 ± ±0.41 ±0.71 (n=42) (n=71) ±0.462 ± ±0.23 ±0.41 (n=52) (n=3) ±0.983 ± ±0.37 ±0.67 (n=10) (n=180) ±.081 ± ±0.096 ±0.161 (n=180) These results clearly depicted that correlation coefficient r for LWR was high for catla, rohu and mrigal which indicate increase in length with increase in weight. These results find support from earlier studies of fish from different water bodies of different location (Fegade, 1983; Merella et al; 1997; Laleye 2006 & Naeem et al, 2010). length (Weatherley et al, 1987). Further, when the growth is isometric, the value of exponent b would be equal to 3 (b=3). If fish retains the same shape and its specific gravity remains same during the lifetime (Wootton, 1990). However, a value significantly more or less than 3 (b<3 or Available online at 32

4 Log WT Log W = Log L R = 0.918, n = Log SL Log W = Log L R = 0.976, n = 180 b>3) indicates allometric growth. The value of exponent b is when less than 3 (b<3) and more than 3 (b>3) indicates that fish become lighter and heavier, respectively for particular length as it increase in size (Wootton, 1998). In the present study the value of exponent b were observed to be well above 3 i.e , and for catla, rohu and mrigal respectively that is significantly higher than cube exponent value (b=3). This indicates that the weight of the fishes were higher as compared to the cube of its length which shows allometric growth of Indian major carps in MBS. Similar findings were given by Naeem et al (2005) who reported 3.32 value of b for bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). It was further observed that in smaller length group (G 2 ) the growth of catla and rohu was isometric because the values of b were very close to 3 (b=3). These values were observed for catla and for rohu while in mrigal (b=2.498) it was negative allometric (b<3) in similar length group. Desai et al (1990) observed that C. mrigala from Rihand reservoir (Uttar Pradesh) did not follow the cube law exactly because the exponential value (b) was found to be little lower (2.9143) than 3. Log WT Log WT Log SL Log W = Log L R = 0.970, n = Log SL Figure 3. Length Weight Relationships of Catla, Rohu And Mrigal Form MBS It was clearly indicated from the results of the present study that larger length groups having value of more than 3 for b (b>3) indicates allometric growth. These values were observed in catla and in rohu for the length group G 5 whereas in mrigala for the length group G 3. Pauly et al (1997) reported that value of b ranged between 2.5 to 3.5, which suggests that the results of the present study coincide with these observations. The condition factor (K) and relative condition factor (Kn) were calculated from pooled data for different length groups. The minimum and maximum values of K were observed in catla, in rohu and in mrigal for the length group G 2 and G 3, respectively while the values were 3.083, and for catla, rohu and mrigal, respectively for the pooled data. On the other hand the values of Kn ranged from for different length groups and from for pooled data in these species studied (Table 2). The values of K and Kn appear to remain constant if the value of b equals to 3 but it fluctuates with the body weight gain compared to length. The maximum value of condition factor was observed in the length group G 3 which may be attributed to the maturity. Murty (1980) and Jayasankar (1990) reported such relationship between size and maturity. The declining trends of K value with increase of length are reported to be a good indication of length at which sexual maturity starts (Harts, 1946). The fluctuation in the value of K and Kn in fish has been mainly assigned to dependency on many factors such as feeding intensity, fish size and availability of fish (LeCren, 1951). Available online at 33

5 Table 2. Condition Factor (K) and Relative Condition Factor (Kn) of C. catla L. rohita and C. mrigala from Mahi Bajaj Sagar at Different Length Groups Catla Rohu Mrigala Length Groups K ± SE Kn ± SE K ± SE Kn ± SE K ± SE Kn ± SE G ± ± G ± ± ± ± ± ± G ± ± ± ± ± ± G ± ± ± ± ± ± G ± ± ± ± ± ± Pooled ± ± ± ± ± ± G 1 = , G 2 = , G 3 = , G 4 = , G 5 = Acknowledgements The authors would like to express sincere gratitude to the Director, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai for providing necessary facilities for conducting this work and for encouragement. Authors are also thankful to Assistant Manager, RTADCF, and Banswara for his help and cooperation during the collection of field data. References Ahmed, K.K., and Saha, S.B. (1996) Length-weight relationship of major carps in Kaptai Lake, Bangladesh. NAGA, ICLARM, 19(2), p. 28. Biswas, S.P. (1993) Length-weight relationship and condition factor. In: Manual of Methods in Fish Biology. New Delhi, South Asian Publishers, pp Chacko, P.I., and Ganapati, S.V. (1951) Bionomics of Mrigal, C. mrigala (Ham.) in south Indian water. J. Bom. Nat. His. Soc., 50, pp Chakrabarty, R.D., and Singh, S.B. (1963) Observations on some aspects of the fishery and biology of the Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) from Allahabad. Ind. J. Fish., 10(1), pp Choudhari, M., Kolekar, V., and Chandra, R. (1982) Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of four Indian major carps of River Barmhaputra, Assam. J. Inland Fish. Soc. India, 14 (2), pp Deasi, V.R. and Srivastva, M.P. (1990) Studies on age, growth and gear selectivity of C. mrigala (Hamilton) from Rihand reservoir, Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Fish., 37(4), pp Esmaeili, A. (2006) Technical efficiency analysis for the Iranian fishery in the Persian Gulf. J. Mar. Sci., 63, pp Esmaeili, H. R., and Ebrahimi, M. (2006) Length-weight relationships of some freshwater fishes of Iran. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 22, pp Fegade, S.O. (1983) The biology of Chromidotilapia guentheri from a small lake. Arch. Hydroobiol., 97, pp Froese, R. (1998) Length-weight relationships for 18 less studied fish species. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 14, pp Gonzàlez-Acosta, A.F., Agüero, G.D.L.C., and Agüero, J. D.L.C. (2004) Length-weight relationships of fish species caught in a mangrove swamp in the Gulf of California (Mexico). J. Appl. Ichthyol., 20, pp Hart, J.J. (1946) Report on the traveling survey on the Pentagonia continental self. Discovery Rep., 23, pp Hosseini, S.A. (2002) Some biological aspects of Thunnus albacres and Katsuwonus pelamis in Oman Sea (Sistan-o- Balochestan Province). Iran. J. Fish. Sci., 11, pp Jain, M.K. (2000) Biology and Fisheries of Indian major carps from Siliserh reservoir Alwar, Rajasthan. Ph.D. thesis, Maharana Pratap Univrsity of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur. Jayasankar, P. (1990) Length-Weight relationship and relative condition factors in Otolithues ruber (Schneider) from the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay. Indian J. Fish., 37(3), pp Jhingran, V.G. (1952) General length-weight relationship of three major carps of India. Inst. Sci. India (B), 18(5), pp Jhingran, V.G. (1957) Age determination of Indian major Available online at 34

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