Nekton and Benthos. Nekton DISCUSSION:
|
|
- May Bridges
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Equipment for general class use: Nekton and Benthos a set of videos from selected sources a set of well labeled specimens in phylogenetic order DISCUSSION: Nekton Nekton is a term that applies to those animals that are active swimmers. Unlike the plankton we learned about recently, nektonic animals are capable of undergoing significant horizontal as well as vertical motion. Fish make up the largest fraction of the nekton, but this group also contains large crustaceans, cephalopods, reptiles and mammals. Sometimes oceanic birds are also included in this category, such as albatrosses, petrels, gannets and tropic birds. These animals can have a profound effect on marine communities through predation. Humans have harvested many nektonic species throughout history and still do today. Invertebrates - Cephalopods include squid, cuttlefish and octopuses. Squid can swim at speeds up to 10m/sec (22 miles/hour) and some species of squid show extensive migrations. One such squid species is Todarodes pacificus, which migrates almost 2,000 miles from the northern East China Sea to the Kuriles. They vary in size from a few cm, or the size of a pea, to 20 meters or 6 stories in a building. Squid have a short life span of 1 to several years, so many larger species grow very quickly, eating 15-20% of their body weight every day. Cephalopods fisheries have grown around the world in the past few decades with many nations using large-scale drift nets. One problem with this type of fishing is that many incidental species, such as sharks, turtles, and porpoise's, are also caught and killed as by-catch. Giant squid (Fig. 1) live on the continental slope. We know very little about them, but occasionally they wash up on shore either dead or moribund. A few years ago, Japanese scientist caught one alive for the first time. In the summer of 2009, in a rare case, one was caught in a sampling net in the Gulf of Mexico. The squid measured 5.93 meters or about 20 feet long and weighed nearly 100 pounds. The largest giant squid on record was about 17 meters long. In February of 2007, a colossal squid was caught off the New Zealand coast. These are close relatives to the giant squid. Colossal squid grow to about 13 meters in length and can weigh more than 1000 pounds. There is a family of squid, the Ommastrephidae, that are common in all areas of the world s oceans except the Polar Regions. Some species of this family grow to 3-4m. A specimen may be on display in the lab. An individual of this size was fitted with a transmitter off Japan and was tracked for a day and a half. It hunted from 0-50m at night and descended to about 800m during the day. In one of the videos you will see another species of this family, the Humbolt squid. They are veracious predators and will attack each other (as you will see in the video). Currently, American scientists are investigating why more of these types of squid are being found regularly off the west coast of the United States. 143 of 5
2 FIGURE 1 Vertebrates - Marine reptiles include sea turtles, sea snakes and the marine iguana. The largest sea turtle is the leatherback, which grows to 9 feet and one ton and migrates long distances to bear their young on beaches. Sea snakes are very poisonous, though they are only found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They bear their young at sea and are not aggressive. The only species of marine iguanas are found on the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. During the day, these cold-blooded reptiles sun themselves on warm rocks at the equator. They feed on red algae growing on rocks in the ocean. In order to graze, they must dive into the cold waters of this up-welling region and hold their breaths for several minutes. It is critical that their body temperatures not drop too low, so they must return to sun bathe frequently. The most commonly thought of marine vertebrates are fish. There are many families and we will only discuss a few here. The Class Chondrichthyes, or cartilaginous fishes, lack scales and includes sharks, skates and rays. This group appeared in the fossil record about 450 million years ago and presently includes about 300 species. The largest sharks, the basking and whale sharks attain lengths of 14m and 20m respectively, but are filter feeders. Sharks have low fecundity (low number of eggs) and bear their young live. They are slow growing and do not recover easily from heavy mortality. Since the villianization of sharks in 1978 by the movie Jaws, shark populations have declined worldwide due to recreational as well as commercial fishing. In many cases, the shark itself is either killed for its jaws only, or the dorsal fin is sliced off and the animal returned to the ocean to die. Class Osteichthyes, or bony fishes, evolved about 300 million years ago and presently include over 20,000 species. Nektonic species in the open ocean include those that live in the upper waters both day and night including tunas, dolphinfish, wahoo, etc. They are countershaded by their pigmentation, being darker on the dorsal surface and lighter on the ventral surface. They are voracious predators and can reach speeds of up to 40mph or faster over short distances. Another group is those species which live deeper during the day and migrate up into surface waters at night. The most common representatives are myctophids or lanternfishes. They countershade using the bioluminescence from their photophores. There are also active, deeper living groups which are mostly small such as hatchet fish, anglerfish, gulpers and stargazers. Most have photophores for use in attracting prey, mating or as an alarm. Marine Mammals are a group that includes three orders that have evolved from different terrestrial ancestors and independently adapted to life in the sea. Order Cetacea - whales, porpoises and dolphins. The ancestors were large land animals that entered the sea about 55 million years ago. The largest are the baleen whales (suborder Mysticeti) which are filter feeders, using baleen plates which hang from the roof of the mouth. There will be a large piece of a baleen plate on display in the lab. Some baleen whales use the technique of bubble netting 144 of 5
3 to feed, as you may see in the videos. Many have extensive migrations, such as humpback whales, which winter in the tropics and summer in the Polar Regions. The other suborder, Odonticeti, includes another 66 species; all equipped with teeth and a single blowhole instead of the two that baleen whales have. They do not rely only on surface living prey and use echolocation for prey targeting. They consume fish and squid. Before extreme pressure on whale populations, it is estimated that they ate 190 million tons of krill annually in the Antarctic. Another order of marine mammals is the pinnipeds which include seals, sea lions and walruses. They are different because of their four swimming flippers. They spend part of their time in the water and part on ice or land. The majority are found in the Arctic or Antarctic. The third order includes manatees and dugongs. They are herbivorous and feed on larger plants so they are restricted to shallow coastal waters. Although not officially endangered species, they are seriously threatened by recreational boats whose propellers kill numerous individuals every year. EXERCISE 1: Nekton Video Clips You will see several video segments from a variety of sources. Most of these are from programs such as NOVA, NATURE or DISCOVERY. They are intended to give you an appreciation of the various nektonic groups, their size, their diversity and their different modes of feeding. You should see a good variety of the different nektonic organisms as well as learn more about their behaviors and interactions. DISCUSSION: Benthic Species Having considered the organisms which live in the water column, actively swimming or floating, we will now turn our attention to the organism which live associated to or permanently anchored to the sea floor. These are known as benthic organisms and they exhibit an incredible diversity both taxonomically and morphologically. We will look at this diversity from the intertidal zone all the way to the deep floor of the oceans. The intertidal zone is the region many of us have had contact with. The kind of organisms that we see there depends mainly on the substrate, or type of bottom material, which is related to the intensity of wave action. Rocky intertidal zones have greater visible diversity than sandy or mud flats. The rocky intertidal is characterized by intense wave activity and a hard surface, which supports many species that anchor to rocks. Barnacles, mussels, starfish, macroalgae and sea anemones are all commonly found in these environments. Both the diversity and the biomass of benthic organisms is much lower in sandy intertidal areas because, in many ways, it is like living in liquid sandpaper - the substrate moves every time waves break and wash up the beach. Mud flats have more burrowing organisms, like clams and worms, than sand beaches because wave energy is at a minimum; therefore the substrate is stable. In the subtidal zone, wave energy is much less of a factor (remember the characteristics of shallow water waves). Many species of fishes live here. Fish that live on or in association with the bottom are called demersal fishes. There are many other free-living species of invertebrates such as sea urchin, sand dollars, starfish, lobster, snail's etc. Although these appear to move slowly and do little, you would see how active this group can be with time-lapse photography. They perform important tasks as detritus feeders, by cleaning and mixing the surface sediments. 145 of 5
4 DISCUSSION: The Food Web Revisited The main source of energy for almost all life on this earth is the sun. Photosynthesis fuels all life forms as primary producers convert the sun s energy into sugars. Primary consumers then graze upon these autotrophs. Energy moves through the food webs in this manner (Fig 2). FIGURE 2 The top of a pyramid is called the apex and the animals found there are known as apex predators. In a terrestrial food web, such apex predators might be lions or bears. Typically, apex 146 of 5
5 predators have no natural predators and are viewed as the top of the food chain. Humans are also considered an apex predator. Bioaccumulation- As you may have discussed in the plankton lab, bioaccumulation can be a problem in predators. Dinoflagellates sometimes produce a neurotoxin. Heterotrophic animals, such as clams, consume dinoflagellates eventually leading to a build-up of these toxins in their tissues. If humans ingest contaminated clams, they can become severely ill, suffer permanent nerve damage, paralysis and may even die. Bioaccumulation of anthropogenic materials can affect other organisms as well. You may have already heard warnings of mercury contamination in fish. More recently, scientists have been examining the effects of chemical contaminants such as PCBs and plastic compounds in the environment. Studies are being conducted to examine the affects these contaminants have upon apex predators. It is suspected that some contaminants are already at lethal levels for animals such as orcas. Large quantities of plastic wastes enter the ocean every year. Some of these break down into smaller pieces and can be found in the stomachs of small fish and birds, causing death. The Deep-Sea Food Web- We know from our previous labs that the sun s light energy does not penetrate very far into the ocean. Because of this deep-sea organisms depend on sources of food from above. The rain of organic matter from the water column is known as marine snow and organic matter can be washed out to sea by rivers or carried by turbidity currents. Occasionally, large food parcels, such as dead carcasses of whales, squid, and sharks, aren t consume before they reach the deep sea floor and become a flurry of scavenger feeding activity. The biomass of benthic organisms decreases as one goes from shallow water to 4000m by two orders of magnitude because of this lack of energy input to the environment. However, if an alternate form of energy is provided, in the form of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent or methane seep, a vast variety of organism can be found thriving in high quantities. EXERCISE 2: Benthos Video Clips In order to introduce you to the wide range of marine benthic communities, you will see videos depicting some of these and their inhabitants. Additionally, there will be specimens from shallow water (fishes, molluscs, coral skeletons) and deeper water (mostly crustacea). They will be labeled by depth of collection. 147 of 5
ZOOPLANKTON. Zooplankton: 2. Crustaceans Copepods. Diverse -- protozoans and others
ZOOPLANKTON Diverse -- protozoans and others Nutrition modes: Herbivores (graze on phytoplankton) Carnivores (predators) Radiolaria Foraminifera Zooplankton: 1. Protozoans: Foraminifera and Radiolarians
More informationMarine Animals. II. The Chordates. OCN 201 Biology Lecture 7
Marine Animals II. The Chordates OCN 201 Biology Lecture 7 The Animal Family Tree Chordates Arthropods Segmented Worms Mollusks mouth first anus first Echinoderms Cnidarians Round Worms Ctenophores Flatworms
More informationMarine Ecosystems. Aquatic Ecosystems Section 2
Marine Ecosystems Marine ecosystems are located mainly in coastal areas and in the open ocean. Organisms that live in coastal areas adapt to changes in water level and salinity. Organisms that live in
More informationOceanic Zone. Open ocean past the continental shelf. Water can be very deep. Nutrients are scarce. Fewer organisms live in this zone
Oceanic Zone Oceanic Zone Open ocean past the continental shelf Water can be very deep Nutrients are scarce Fewer organisms live in this zone Includes photic and aphotic zones Photic Zone Top 200m of
More informationSALINITY. It's the amount of dissolved salts the water contains.
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SALINITY The types of organisms in an aquatic ecosystem depend upon the water s Salinity. It's the amount of dissolved salts the water contains. Salinity determines the two main aquatic
More informationPart 4: Ocean Life Zones
Part 4: Ocean Life Zones 1 Factors that Affect Life in the Ocean 1. Amount of sunlight 2. Temperature of the water 3. Water pressure How does depth affect each of these? Where would you expect to find
More informationDinner Dilemma [Grades 3-5]
Dinner Dilemma [Grades 3-5] Georgia Standards of Excellence Addressed: S4L1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the roles of organisms and the flow of energy within an ecosystem. a. Develop
More informationWHALES. & Whale Sharks
WHALES & Whale Sharks Introduction Today we are going to learn about the biggest mammals of the ocean and one animal that is commonly mistaken for a whale but is actually a fish. Whale is the common name
More informationAnimals of the Pelagic Environment. Making a living--adaptations Staying Above the Seafloor. Adaptations
Animals of the Pelagic Environment Making a living--adaptations Staying Above the Seafloor Eating Gas Containers Floaters Swimmers (nekton) Mobility Speed Temperature Group Behavior Reproduction Schooling
More informationAnimals of the Benthic Environment
Animals of the Benthic Environment Name: Section: 1. Of the 250,000 known species that inhabit the marine ecosystem, more than 98% (about 245,000) live in or on the ocean floor. 2. Living at or near the
More informationTable Description of 15 shark species. Shark Number. Common: Scientific: Common: Scientific:
Table 1.12. Description of 15 shark species Shark Number Description 1 This is the second-largest fish, reaching 11.7 meters (m) in length. It is an openocean plankton feeder considered harmless to humans.
More informationCHAPTER 11.1 THE WORLD OCEAN MARINE BIOMES NOTES
CHAPTER 11.1 THE WORLD OCEAN MARINE BIOMES NOTES 1. The world ocean can be divided into zones both and. The,, and zones that apply to large lakes also apply to the ocean. 2. In addition to the depth zones,
More informationCh. 10 The Open Sea: Pelagic Zone away. from coast/continental shelf. Little upwelling & low primary productivity = most animals stay
Ch. 10: The Open Sea Ch. 10 The Open Sea: Pelagic Zone Pelagic Zone away Away from coast, over continental shelf from coast/continental shelf. Little upwelling & low primary productivity = most animals
More informationTemperature Main thermocline is present in the mesopelagic Relatively constant at the ocean depths, below 1000m About 35 F = 2 C
Number of species Marine ecosystems 6: Deep Sea Delimited by the photic zone (200m) and the bottom of the ocean Mesopelagic Ocean depths 200-1000m Below 1000m Unique features Lack of primary production
More informationOrigin and Importance! ! Fish were the first vertebrates to appear on Earth about 500 million years ago.
2/9/14 Origin and Importance Evolution Marine Fish Fish were the first vertebrates to appear on Earth about 500 million years ago. Fish are the most economically important organism and are a vital source
More informationThe Pelagic Zone.! The open ocean is called the pelagic zone.!
The Open Ocean The Pelagic Zone! The open ocean is called the pelagic zone.! Epipelagic! We will focus on the top 200 m or 650 feet called the epipelagic zone.!! The photic zone is to a depth where light
More informationName: ID Number: Section
Name: ID Number: Section OCN201 - Fall 2009 - Biology - A True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false (1pt each). 1. Zooxanthellae are coral parasites 2. Anemones are Cnidarians 3. Some
More informationSeventh Grade. Maui Ocean Center Learning Worksheet. Name: Our mission is to foster understanding, wonder and respect for Hawai i s Marine Life.
Name: Maui Ocean Center Learning Worksheet Seventh Grade Our mission is to foster understanding, wonder and respect for Hawai i s Marine Life. Based on benchmarks SC.6.3.1, SC. 7.3.1, SC. 7.3.2, SC. 7.5.4
More informationLecture Benthic Ecology
Lecture Benthic Ecology Benthos Unlike the drifting plankton and swimming nekton, benthic organisms commonly referred to as benthos live on or near the ocean bottom A benthic habitat may be shallow or
More informationBreathing, Feeding, & Moving in Water
Breathing, Feeding, & Moving in Water Overview Students will learn about whale adaptations for breathing, feeding, and moving in water. Before Your Visit: Students will read and discuss a text about whale
More informationIn the Belly of the Whale
Timeframe 1-2 Fifty minute class periods Target Audience Grades 4th- 6th Suggested Materials Comb Small sieve Straws Small plastic beads, rice, black pepper Container for water (3 stations for each group)
More informationWhales. Visit for thousands of books and materials. A Reading A Z Level O Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,106
LEVELED READER O Written by Vic Moors www.readinga-z.com Whales A Reading A Z Level O Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,106 Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials. Written by Vic Moors
More informationMARINE MAMMALS. Species: Feeding: Breathing adaptations? Seasonality: What species can be commonly seen locally? baleen or teeth?
MARINE MAMMALS The order Cetacea, which includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises is divided into two suborders: Mysticeti and Odontoceti. For the suborders below, list the species commonly sighted in Virginia
More informationOceans Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities
Oceans Humans both depend on it and threaten it with their activities Oceans Water covers nearly ¾ of the Earth s surface More than 50% of the world s population lives within an hour of the coast Oceans
More informationBreathing, Feeding, & Moving in Water
Breathing, Feeding, & Moving in Water Overview Students will learn about whale adaptations for,, and in water. Before Your Visit: Students will read or listen to a text about whale adaptations to life
More informationMonterey Bay Aquarium Fieldtrip Worksheet
Attach ticket stub here. Name: Class: B11 or B3A Lab day & time: Monterey Bay Aquarium Fieldtrip Worksheet General Information Address: 886 Cannery Row Monterey, California 93940 Hours: 10am 6pm (May vary
More informationChapter 7. Marine Animals Without a Backbone
Chapter 7 Marine Animals Without a Backbone Molluscs Characteristics of Phylum: More than 200,000 species Name means "soft body" Basic body plan head, muscular foot and visceral mass in most species Mantle-
More informationWhat are the threats to the oceans? Consequences. Four examples. Tuna
Conservation of the marine environment Dr. Katrina Mangin Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology mangin@email.arizona.edu What are the threats to the oceans? Over-fishing & over-harvesting Climate
More informationBreathing, Feeding, & Moving in Water
Breathing, Feeding, & Moving in Water Activities for Overview Students will learn about whale adaptations for,, and in water. Before Your Visit: Students will read or listen to a text about whale adaptations
More informationBio 20 Marine Biology Exam 3 Outline
Bio 20 Marine Biology Exam 3 Outline Marine Fishes (Chapter 8) I. Classification of Fishes Vertebrates have the 4 basic characteristics of chordates: Plus vertebrate characteristics: II. Fish Facts - Fishes
More informationQuestions # 4 7 refer to Figure # 2 (page 321, Fig )
Shoreline Community College OCEANOGRAPHY 101 Fall 2006 Sample Exam # 3 Instructor: Linda Khandro Questions # 1 3 refer to Figure # 1 (page 284, Fig 11.7) 1. At which position is the moon in its new moon
More informationBarnacles attach to hard surfaces and use their legs to catch tiny particles of food, including plankton from the water around them.
Food Web Resources - Food Chain Cards Barnacles attach to hard surfaces and use their legs to catch tiny particles of food, including plankton from the water around them Barnacle Edible crabs use their
More informationOCN201 Biology Section Fall 2010
OCN201 Biology Section Fall 2010 Last Name First Name Student ID# Signature I hereby authorize the use of my student ID number for the purpose of posting my grades in OCN 201. Please sign above; your grades
More informationWyland Transparencies
Table of Contents Introduction...3 How to Use This ook...4 Cross-Curricular Activities...5 Standards and enchmarks...6 Wyland: Artist of the Sea...7 Wylie Whale s Wonderful Journey...9 Wylie s Journey
More informationHabitat Fact Sheets. Rocky habitats are dominated by seaweeds and often mussels, which rely on the rocks for attachment.
Habitat Fact Sheets Habitats in the Gulf of Maine serve many important roles for the environment and for humans as well. These include: cycling nutrients, filtering pollution, trapping sediments, storing
More informationKelp Forest Conservation Food web activity
Kelp Forest Conservation Food web activity Activity Steps Cut out the kelp forest food web organisms cards. Have students form small groups. Pass out one food web organism and to each group. Using a blank
More informationFront Room. 1. There are several different types of flatfish in the pier tank. Name two species of flatfish you can see. and
Key Stage 2 Lower ACTIVITY BOOK Ages 7-9 Name: Class: Date: Front Room Welcome to Anglesey Sea Zoo! Hi! My name is Seamor, and in this activity book my friends and I will give you lots of fun facts about
More informationPuget Sound s whales face intertwined obstacles By The Seattle Times, adapted by Newsela staff Jul. 15, :00 AM
Puget Sound s whales face intertwined obstacles By The Seattle Times, adapted by Newsela staff Jul. 15, 2014 4:00 AM A sheet of water cascades off the back of an Orca that surfaced in Haro Strait near
More informationProf.Dr.Hanan M Mitwally, Marine Biology. Objectives
Definition. Benthos & Nekton Objectives Some forms of phyto-benthos. Relationship between size of organisms and abundance. Marine Animals. Marine invertebrates. Coral reefs Marine vertebrates. Fish Mammals.
More informationAny Age. Ocean Animals. Express Lapbook SAMPLE PAGE. A Journey Through Learning
A J T L Any Age Ocean Animals Express Lapbook Mini Lapbook, Study Guide, Activities, and Crafts A Journey Through Learning www.ajourneythroughlearning.com Copyright 2013 A Journey Through Learning 1 Authors-Paula
More informationFantastic Fish. Lesson 10. Leafy Sea Dragon
Fantastic Fish Lesson 10 Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in streams, lakes and oceans. They are abundant in both fresh and salt water. There are over 28,000 known species of fish on the planet.
More informationOrca Comprehension. Name:
Whales Name: There are two main types of whale, toothed and baleen. Baleen whales are generally larger than toothed whales and tend to be solitary mammals this means they mainly travel alone. Toothed whales
More informationMarine predators and prey
Science Unit: Lesson 5: Beluga Whale Marine predators and prey School Year: 2015/2016 Developed for: Developed by: Grade level: Duration of lesson: Notes: Champlain Heights Annex, Vancouver School District
More informationPuget Sound's whales face intertwined obstacles
Puget Sound's whales face intertwined obstacles By The Seattle Times, adapted by Newsela staff on 07.15.14 Word Count 892 A sheet of water cascades off the back of an Orca that surfaced in Haro Strait
More informationOceans Alive Resource Book
E-BOOK CODE: REAU5023 Special School Photocopy Master Edition Oceans Alive Resource Book Image courtesy Microsoft Design Gallery by Sandy Tasker Contents OCEANS ALIVE Contents... 3 The Wonderful World
More informationMollusc Adaptation and Diversity
Mollusc Adaptation and Diversity Grade Level: grades 9-12 Lesson Summary: Students will examine a variety of live and preserved molluscs. They will compare and contrast body forms and try to relate the
More informationORCA s Whale Education Month Lesson Pack 2: Marine Litter
ORCA s Whale Education Month Lesson Pack 2: Marine Litter Photo Credit: Colin Kilpatrick Learn more about one of the biggest threats facing our wildlife today marine litter. Your students will investigate
More informationExploring Tide Pools. Exploring Tide Pools. Visit for thousands of books and materials.
Exploring Tide Pools A Reading A Z Level R Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,617 LEVELED READER R Exploring Tide Pools Written by Trica Oshant Hawkins Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials.
More information;DG:HIH Plankton
or coral reefs near the shore of the ocean it is easy for us to see the various parts of an ecosystem, especially because the near-shore ecosystems tend to be particularly productive and have a high level
More informationSCRIPPS BIRCH AQUARIUM WORKSHEET
SCRIPPS BIRCH AQUARIUM WORKSHEET Name 1. Read over the Student Learning Outcomes and associated General Questions on this page, and refer back and take notes on this page as you walk through the aquarium,
More informationUnderwater Secrets of a Marine Protected Area. A Lesson Plan for Grades 4 to 8. Power Point Prepared by Susan Miller
Underwater Secrets of a Marine Protected Area A Lesson Plan for Grades 4 to 8 Power Point Prepared by Susan Miller Photographs by Jerry Loomis, California State Parks Ranger Josh Pederson, MPA SIMoN Steve
More informationUnit 18.2: Mollusks and Annelids
Unit 18.2: Mollusks and Annelids Lesson Objectives Describe invertebrates in the phylum Mollusca. Summarize the characteristics of annelids. Vocabulary Annelida deposit feeder gills heart mantle Mollusca
More informationYour web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore FU NKY FISH A look at Tierney Thys and her work with the ocean sunfish
More informationTerms of Use. If you would like to share this file with others, please share the blog post link not the direct download link.
Terms of Use All rights reserved. No part of this packet may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means - electronic, mechanical, photo-copies, recording, or otherwise
More informationThe Ocean Geologic Features section introduced you
Section 5 Ocean Zones Ocean Zones The Ocean Geologic Features section introduced you to the bottom of the ocean the benthic regions, examining sediments, vents, rocky reefs, seamounts and other features
More informationUnit Unit 8. plankton. Lesson Outline. water: picture of a limited resource. Toxins like mercury and pesticides are absorbed by plankton.
Unit Unit 8 1 ANIMAL LINE DRAWING plankton Toxins like mercury and pesticides are absorbed by plankton. WYLAND FOUNDATION SM 40 #5112SB Blue Star Education Unit 8 ANIMAL LINE DRAWING fish Fish eat lots
More informationOceanic Nekton. Fishes. Agnatha Hagfish. Classification of Fish. Lampreys
Oceanic Nekton Fishes Classification of Fish Agnatha Hagfish Notochord; slime!; cartilaginous skeleton; poor eyes; slime (I know, but its worth mentioning twice ) Lampreys Notochord; Dorsal Fin; well developed
More informationGA Aquarium Think Tic Toe
GA Aquarium Think Tic Toe Directions: As you explore the Ocean Voyager exhibit use the following to summarize your learning. Write your answers in Think Tac Toe board for each question. See if you can
More informationSAVERS FAST FACTS
ACTIVITY BOOK SAVERS Shark Savers was founded by divers who came to know and love sharks. Their mission is simple: save sharks. Shark Savers programs empower people to make a difference and take a stand
More informationFor Creative Minds. Salt Marsh Plants and Animals
For Creative Minds The For Creative Minds educational section may be photocopied or printed from our website by the owner of this book for educational, non-commercial uses. Cross-curricular teaching activities,
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND - Creatures of the Deep Sea FOR SEA Institute of Marine Science 2001 J. A. Kolb
Pacific Viperfish The Pacific viperfish feeds on lanternfish and squid. It has a very large mouth and fang-like teeth. Once the viperfish catches something, it won't get away. Its size ranges from 22-30
More informationTerms of Use. Copyright Natural Beach Living
Terms of Use All rights reserved. No part of this packet may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means - electronic, mechanical, photo-copies, recording, or otherwise
More informationThe wingspan of the albatross can be up to 12 feet. Chapter 15: Marine Animals
The wingspan of the albatross can be up to 12 feet. Chapter 15: Marine Animals 1 Learning Goals: Chapter 15 Next Monday, I will ask you to report what you think the major points should be, about marine
More informationOCN201 Biology Section Fall 2011
OCN201 Biology Section Fall 2011 Last Name First Name Student ID# Answer #1-#42 on the computer-scan sheet ONLY. Use a dark (#2) pencil only, and make marks neatly within the circles. If you change an
More informationUnit 19.2: Fish. Vocabulary fish spawning swim bladder
Unit 19.2: Fish Lesson Objectives Describe structure and function in fish. Explain how fish reproduce and develop. Give an overview of the five living classes of fish. Summarize the evolution of fish.
More informationAnimals of the Benthic Environment II
Animals of the Benthic Environment II Anticipation Guide Name: Section: 1. he shallow offshore ocean floor extends from the spring low tide shoreline to the seaward edge of the continental shelf. 2. he
More informationMarine Environments. Copyright 2011 LessonSnips
Marine Environments I must go down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied Excerpt from a poem by John Masefield Continents and islands
More informationEDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY GUIDE. Educational Materials developed in cooperation with
EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY GUIDE Educational Materials developed in cooperation with EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY GUIDE Dive into a Mysterious Liquid World Disneynature is proud to invite you and your students to join
More informationLesson 11: Introduction to Right Whales
Cetaceans 4 th Grade Curriculum Lesson 11: Introduction to Right Whales Page 11-1 Lesson 11: Introduction to Right Whales Objectives: Students will learn about North Atlantic right whale life histories.
More informationSharks. The most shark attacks have been in Australia, South Africa, America and Brazil.
Sharks There are more than 500 different species of shark, including the great white shark, grey reef shark, hammerhead shark and tiger shark. Where do they live? Sharks can be found in every ocean. Grey
More informationOcean. T he ocean covers about 71 percent of the earth. The shallow part of the ocean. 1 Photocopy pages Cut out all the pieces
Flip open the pages of this mini-book to shed light on the layers of the ocean. Habitat Hallmarks T he ocean covers about 71 percent of the earth. The shallow part of the ocean lies above the continental
More informationWEEK SEVEN LIFE IN THE OCEAN
WEEK SEVEN LIFE IN THE OCEAN SINCE WE HAVE SOME IDEA OF THE WAYS IN WHICH ANIMALS ADAPT TO SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTS WE NEED TO LOOK AT SOME OF THE OCEANIC ENVIRONMENTS We have looked at the ones going out
More informationTo Fish or Not to Fish? A role-playing activity based on the Marine Reserves process at the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary
To Fish or Not to Fish? A role-playing activity based on the Marine Reserves process at the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Introduction This role playing activity is designed to teach you about
More informationA DAY AT THE WHITNEY LAB The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience An Institute for Marine Research and Biotechnology
A DAY AT THE WHITNEY LAB The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience An Institute for Marine Research and Biotechnology STUDENT NAME: What s For Lunch? The Mission In this activity, you will make an educated
More informationWHAT ARE ECOSYSTEMS? Dr. V. N. Nayak Professor of Marine Biology (Retd)
WHAT ARE ECOSYSTEMS? Dr. V. N. Nayak Professor of Marine Biology (Retd) An ECOSYSTEM is an interacting system of plant, animals, and humans and the surrounding environment. An ecosystem contains living
More informationCetaceans (Toothed & Baleen Whales)
Cetaceans (Toothed & Baleen Whales) By: Christa Jewett, Instructor For since the creation of the world God s invisible qualities His eternal power and divine nature have been clearly seen, being understood
More informationAPPENDIX F DANGEROUS FISH AND MOLLUSKS
APPENDIX F DANGEROUS FISH AND MOLLUSKS Since fish and mollusks may be one of your major sources of food, it is wise to know which ones are dangerous to you should you catch them. Know which ones are dangerous,
More informationThe Impacts of Changing Climate on the Local Seafood Industry
The Impacts of Changing Climate on the Local Seafood Industry The Ocean s Importance Regulates the Earth System Holds 97% of our Earth s Water Produce more than half of the oxygen in our atmosphere Absorb
More informationThe Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef Where are the most biologically diverse places on the planet? If I asked you this question, you might guess the Amazon rainforest in Brazil or the jungles
More informationWhat the threats to the oceans?
Conservation of the marine environment Dr. Katrina Mangin Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology mangin@email.arizona.edu Lion steak Eagle Pie What the threats to the oceans? Overfishing Coastal
More informationMARINE SCIENCE. Monday 23 Apr 2018
MARINE SCIENCE Monday 23 Apr 2018 Entry Task What are the three types of fish? Jawless Cartilaginous Bony Agenda Housekeeping Unit_15 Fish: Cold Blooded Swimmers Housekeeping Guest teacher this week, Thursday,
More information6 Producers and Consumers IN KELP FORESTS or coral reefs near the shore of the ocean it is easy for us to see
6 Producers and Consumers IN KELP FORESTS or coral reefs near the shore of the ocean it is easy for us to see the various parts of an ecosystem, especially because the near-shore ecosystems tend to be
More informationSome invertebrates: Sponge. Coral. Sea Urchin. Oyster SPONGES (PHYLUM PORIFERA)
Some invertebrates: Sponge Coral Sea Urchin Oyster SPONGES (PHYLUM PORIFERA) Among the invertebrates the first are the sponges the simplest perhaps of all animals. There are several thousand species but
More informationHello, my name is Speck. I am a Spotted Sea Trout and live in estuaries and in waters along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
Hello, my name is Speck. I am a Spotted Sea Trout and live in estuaries and in waters along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Hi, my name is Spot and I am, well, a Spot, named for my spot just behind my
More informationEdible, and. Coral Reefs! Photo: CEDixon
Spreadable, Edible, and Incredible Coral Reefs! Carrie Dixon Discovery Hall Programs Dauphin Island Sea Lab, AL Photo: CEDixon National Science Content Standards Life Science Content Standard, Grades K-4:
More informationPhylum Mollusca. Soft-bodied animals. Internal or external shell. Include snails, slugs, clams, squids and octopi
Phylum Mollusca Soft-bodied animals Internal or external shell Include snails, slugs, clams, squids and octopi Trochophore: free-swimming larval stage of an aquatic mollusk True coeloms Have complex organ
More information[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document
[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of
More informationSample page. Contents
Contents Part A: Mangroves and seagrasses 5 A1. What do mangroves look like? 5 A2. Which animals use mangroves for shelter? 7 A3. How do mangroves grow? 8 A4. How do mangroves reproduce? 10 A5. Which animals
More informationSearch for the missing sea otters
Search for the missing sea otters Objectives: Based on a real study of sea otter declines Apply your knowledge of basic concepts of population and community ecology Interpret data from graphs and tables
More information6 Producers and Consumers
6 Producers and Consumers In k e l p f o r e s t s or coral reefs near the shore of the ocean it is easy for us to see the various parts of an ecosystem, especially because the near-shore ecosystems tend
More informationMarine Life. Fishes. Introductory Oceanography Ray Rector - Instructor
Marine Life Fishes Introductory Oceanography Ray Rector - Instructor MARINE FISHES - Main Concepts 1) Fishes are the oldest group of vertebrates 2) Fish inhabit virtually every marine habitat worldwide
More informationWoodrow Wilson Middle School , Glendale USD/Ms. Arline Milton
Woodrow Wilson Middle School 2003- - 2004, Glendale USD/Ms. Arline Milton Class: Life Science Project Title: Why are Green Sea Turtles Endangered? Abstract: My project was about why green sea turtles are
More informationOCTOPUS Found throughout the world in tropical, warm and cold temperate waters - the octopus is a bottom dweller, spending much of its life in hiding, usually in a hole among rocks. All octopus species
More informationOcean Current Worksheet
Ocean Current Worksheet Temperature Affects and Surface Currents: Surface waters of the Earth s oceans are forced to move, primarily by winds. Where winds blow in the same direction for a long period of
More informationABCs & Name the parts!
ABCs & Name the parts! Objective: These two activities are used to introduce the students to the variety of marine life living in European waters while learning their ABCs and practicing their letter writing.
More informationARTHROPODS JOINTED-LEGS ARTHROPODS ARE THE LARGEST GROUP OF ANIMALS!
ARTHROPODS JOINTED-LEGS ARTHROPODS ARE THE LARGEST GROUP OF ANIMALS! WHO S WHO? SHRIMP ISOPOD SPIDER CRAB BARNACLE LOBSTER BASIC CHARACTERISTICS BILATERAL SYMMETRY SEGMENTED ANIMALS JOINTED BODY & PARTS
More informationFebruary 17, Unit 2. Biodiversity. Chordata, the vertebrates
Unit 2 Biodiversity Chordata, the vertebrates Phylum Chordata Examples: Sea squirts, fish, birds, dinosaurs, humans. General characteristics: 1. Bilaterally symmetrical 2. Coelomate 3. One way digestive
More informationPreview of Cover and Sample Pages
Preview of Cover and Sample Pages The following sample material is for preview purposes only. (Scroll down to see additional pages.) School and district personnel may save or download this PDF to one computer
More informationHammerhead sharks (Final draft). C. vg.
Hammerhead sharks (Final draft). C. vg. (http://pages.eidosnet.co.uk/~imageworld/index.htm?greathammer.htm&1) A great hammerhead shark Introduction: This essay was written to convince people that hammerhead
More informationInvertebrate Chordates
Invertebrate Chordates Chapter 11.2 - Fishes And Invertebrate Chordates... Invertebrate Chordates Lancelets Filter feed and spend most of their time buried in the sand. Only 2 invertebrate chordates Tunicates
More information