Canoca. Canoco 1.2. ph wetlands

Transcription

1 Canoca Canoco (ph CCA (J) (D) Dynesius and Baxter, 977) Pauly ; Sebastien et al., 00; Ibarra et FAO, 006; Nilsson, 994; et al., 00 al.(005 ph 99 0 wetlands 9

2 ... Gomes et al., 00 canoco cast net Gill nets Electro-fishing 96 khalaf 96 Coad 98; 979; 977 Mahdi Coad and Hussain Carpenter (997 (99) (007) (ph 35i/SET) ph YSI 556 MPS Light penetration 5 Secchi disk (Version 4.5; Cajo Canoco J. F. ter Braak, 004 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) Direct gradient analysis permutation Monte Carlo permutation tests Legendre Canoco and Legendre 998) (ter, 986 Braak Canoco Alves, 003) ter Braak and Verdonschot, 995 canoco Brosse et al.(00) Taieri Rutilus rutilus Carol.45 H 4 et al.(006) 0.75 H Hoagstrom (006 Missouri D Thymallus arcticus Lapez et al.(008) 6 53 Rao 7. 93

3 J (D) H.843 Canoco (D) 0.6 (J) responses 9 8 T-value Liza abu Thryssa mystax Heteropeustus fossilus Tenualosa ilisha Barbus luteus Silurus Cyprinus carpio Barbus xanthopterus triostagus Mastacembelus mastacembelus Scatophagus argus Multivariate 0.05 analysis.4 F 0.06 P (P 499 number of permutations Speciesenvironment correlations r=0.974 CCA Eigenvalues 0.30 Axis Axis CCA 4 T. hamiltonii T. malabarica M. A. marmid L. subviridis T. mystax L. klunzingeri P. sphenops pelusius B. fuscus 0 Carassius Aspius vorax Alburnus mossulensis auratus Hemiculter leucisculus Aphanius Acanthopagrus latus Aphanius mento dispar Gambusia holbrooki ph ph 94

4 ... ter Braak, 995 CCA (Dudgeon, 995) Ribeiro et al., 995 Canoco T Bishop et al., 00 Lima-Junior et al. (006) Corumbatai 39 NZ EPI, 998 Canoco Hussein and Attee, 000 Islam and Hussein and Al-Shami, 00 Pramanik, 009 L. abu 986 C. auratus Hussain et al. (997 Hussain et al., Mohamed et 009, a al., CCA H.leucisculus P.sphenops 95

5 جدول )( انتغيرات انشهرية في عدد أفراد أنىاع األسماك في منطقة اندراسة 96

6 درجة الحرارة م الملىحة... CCA حرارة الماء )م ) الملىحة ppt أيلىل تمىز ايار آذار كاوىن الثاوي 008 تشريه الثاوي

7 Axis )سن( الشفافية االس الهيدروجيىي cm الشفافية ph أيلىل تمىز ايار آذار كاوىن الثاوي 008 تشريه الثاوي B. fuscus L. subviridis T. malabarica 6 M. pelusius 3 L. klunzingeri P. sphenops A. vorax light p. T. hamiltonii A. marmid 9 C. auratus salinity. light p. A. mossulensis SAL. L. abu WT. AT. ph H. leucisiculus A. mento A. latus T. mystax S. triostegus A. dispar B. luteus H. fossilis 8 G. holbrooki 4 ph B. xanthopterus water temp. C. carpio air temp. M. mastacembelus T. ilisha 7 0 S. argus Axis.0 CCA 4 98

8 Axis Axis Axis 0.8 H Axis D 6 99

9 Axis Axis (J) M. pelusius SAL. A. marmid P. sphenops B. fuscus L. subviridis T. malabarica light p. AT. L. klunzingeri A. vorax T. hamil C. auratus A. mossulensis T. mystax H. leucisculus L. abu A. mentoa. latus A. dispar H. fossilis B. luteus T. ilisha. WT. C. carpio S. triosstegus ph B. xanthopterus S. argus M. mastacembelus G. holbrrooki T-value 8 00

10 Water temperature M. pelusius salinity A. marmid P. sphenops B. L. fuscu subvi light p. AT. T. malabarica L. klunzingeri T. hamiltonii T. mystax L. abu H. fossilis B. luteus T. ilishawt. C. carpio S. triostegus ph B. xanthopterus S. argus M. mastacembelus A. vorax C. auratus H. leucisculus A. latus A. mento A. dispar G. holbrooki T-value A. mossulensis 8.5 salinity

11 Water temperature salinity Carassius 39 carassius L

12 ... Spanish reservoirs. Ecol. Freshwat. Fish. 5: Carpenter, K. E.; Krupp, F.; Dones, D. A. and Zajonz, U. (997). Living marine resources of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar and The United Arab Emirates. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Coad, B. W. (99). Fishes of the Tigris Euphrates Basin: A Critical check list. Syllogeus No.68. 3pp. Coad, B. W. and Hussain, N. A. (007). First record of the exotic species Hemiculter leucisculus (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) in Iraq. Short communication. Zoology in the Middle East. 40: Dudgeon, D. (995). River regulation in southern China, ecological implications, conservation and environmental management. Regulated Rivers: Res.and Management : Dynesius, M. and Nilsson, C. (994). Fragmentation and flow regulation of river systems in the northern third of the world. Sci. (Washington D. C.) 66: FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization (006). The State of world aquaculture. FAO. Fisheries Technical Paper. No Rome, 34pp. Gomes, M. C.; Serrao, E.; Borges, M. F. (00). Spatial patterns of ground fish assemblages on the continental shelf of Portugal. J. Mar. Sci. 58: Hoagstrom, C. W. (006). Fish Community assembly in the Missouri River Basin Alves, D. M. (003). Behaviour and patterns of habitat utilisation by deep-sea fish: analysis of observations recorded by the submersible Nautilus in "98" in the Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic. A thesis of M.Sc., Norwegian College of Fishery Science University of Tromso. 7pp. Bainster, K. E. (980). The fishes of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. In Euphrates and Tigris Mesopotamian ecology and destiny, by Rozska, J. (Ed). Monographiae biological. 38. Dr. W. Junk publishers. pp. Baxter, R. M. (977). Environmental effects of dams and impoundments. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 8: Bishop, K. A.; Allen, S. A.; Pollard, D. A. and Cook, M. G. (00). Ecological studies on the freshwater fishes of the Alligator Rivers Region, Northern Territory: Autecology. Supervising Scientist Report 45, Supervising Scientist, Darwin. Brosse, S.; Lek, S. and Townsend, C. (00). Abundance, diversity and structure of freshwater invertebrates and fish communities: an artificial neural network approach. New Zealand J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 35: Carol, J.; Benejam, L.; Alcaraz, C.; Vila- Gispert, A.; Zamora, L.; Navarro, E.; Armengol, J. and Garcia-Berthou, E. (006). The effects of limnological features on fish assemblages of 4 03

13 Lapez, E.; Odaaz, J. E.; Romero, F. L. and Nez, P. T. (008). Spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of fish assemblages in the Rao Champotan, southeastern Mexico. J. Revi. Fish Biol. Fisheries Legendre, P and Legendre L Numerical ecology. Elsevier, Oxford, UK. 853 pp Lima-Junior, S. E. ; Cardone, I. b. and Goitein R. (006). Fish assemblage structure and aquatic pollution in a Brazilian stream: some limitations of diversity indices and models for environmental impact studies. Ecol. Freshwat. Fish. 5: Mahdi, N. (96). Fishes of Iraq. Ministry of Education, Baghdad. 8pp. Mohamed, A. R. M.; Hussain, N. A.; Al- Noor, S. S.; Mutlak, F. M. ; Al-Sudani, I. M.; Mojer, A. M. and Toman, A. J. (008). Fish assemblage of restored Al- Hawizeh marsh, Southern Iraq. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology. 8 (- 4): Mohamed, A. R. M.; Hussain, N. A.; Al- Noor, S. S.; Coad, B. W. and Mutlak, F. M. (009). Status of diadromous fish species in the restored East Hammar marsh in southern Iraq. In: Haro, A. J., K. L. Smith, R. A. Rulifson, C. M. Moffitt, R. J. Klauda, M. J. Dadswell, R. A. Cunjak, J. E. Cooper, K. L. Beal, and T. S. Avery, editors Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 69: Ph. D. Thesis, South Dakota State University. 364 pp. Hussain, N. A.; Younis, K. H. and yousif, U. H. (997). The composition of small fish assemblage in the river Satt Al- Arab near Basrah, Iraq. Acta Hydrobiology 39: Hussain, N. A.; Saoud, H. A. and Alshami, E. J. (008a). Species composition and ecological indices of fishes in the restored marshes of southern Mesopotamia. Marsh Bull. 3(): 7-3. Hussein, S. A. and Attee, R. S. (000). Comparative studies on limnological features of the Shatt Al-Arab estuary and Mehejran canal. I. Seasonal variations in abiotic factors. Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 3(): Hussein, S. A. and Al-Shami, E. J. (00). Seasonal variation in dietary components of Mystus pelusius (Solander, 794) from Garma canal, southern Iraq. Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 4() Ibarra, A. A.; Park, Y. S.; Brosse, S.; Reyjol, Y.; Lim, P. and Lek, S. (005). Nested patterns of spatial diversity revealed for fish assemblages in a west European river. Ecol. Freshwat. Fish 4: Islam, M. N. and Pramanik, M. S. (009). Relationship between Phycico- Chemical and Meteorological condition of a fishpond at Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 4(3): Khalaf, K. T. (96). The marine and fresh water fishes of Iraq. Al-Rabitta press, Baghdad. 64pp. 04

14 ... direct gradient analysis. Ecology. 67: ter Braak, C. J. F. (995). Ordination. In: R. H. G. Jongman, C. J. F. ter Braak, O. F. R. VanTorgeren (eds), Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology. Cambridge University Press The NZ EPI Program (998). An Analysis of Potential Indicators for Fresh Water Biodiversity. Technical Report No pp. Pauly, D.; Christensen, V.; Guennette, S.; Pitcher, T. J.; Sumaila, U.R.; Walters, C. (00). Towards sustainability in world fisheries Nature. 48: Ribeiro, M. C. L. B.; Petrere, M. J. and Juras, A. A. (995). Ecological integrity and fisheries ecology of the Araguaia- Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Regulated Rivers: Res. Manag. : Sebastien, B.; Sovan, L. and Colin, R. T. (00). Abundance, diversity, and structure of freshwater invertebrates and fish communities: an artificial neural network approach. New Zealand. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 35: ter Braak, C. J. F. (986). Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate 05

15 Ecological traits on fish assemblage in the Garma River using Canoca program Abdul-Razak M. Mohamed, Saddek A. Hussein and Laith F. Lazem* Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq *Institute of Teachers, Directorate of Basrah Education, Iraq Abstract The effects of ecological parameters on fish assemblage of Garmat Ali River, north of Basrah, Iraq were studied using Canoca program during November October 008. A total 493 fishes belonging to 6 species and3 families were caught using gill net, cast net, electro-fisher, hook and lines. Water temperature varied from 4.3 o C in January to 3.5 o C in July. Salinity ranged between. in November to 3. %o in July. Transparency fluctuated from 38 cm in July to 75cm in November and ph from 7.74 in November to 8.7 in July. Associations between fish assemblage and environmental variables were quantized by using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results revealed that the species composition can be divided into two groups, the first, consisted from eight species, were significantly correlated with both water temperature and salinity, and the second group consisted from 8 species were correlated with ph and to less extent with light penetration. The fish fauna consisted of ten species, seven seasonal and nine occasional. The diversity index ranged form.843 in September to.787 in Jun. Richness index varied from.56 in December to 3.6 in July. The evenness index fluctuated from 0.6 in August to in Jun. 06