Kingdom Animalia: Sponges. Types of Body Symmetry Radial body parts are symmetrical around a central point (like a pie)

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1 Kingdom Animalia: Phylum Characteristics Types of Body Symmetry Radial body parts are symmetrical around a central point (like a pie) Bilateral right and left sides are alike and roughly equally proportional Phylum Porifera: Sponges- Pore-Bearing Sponges Simplest animals; 500 million years old. Asymmetric. Real Live Live attached to rocks in aquatic environments. Reproduces sexually; or asexually by budding. Synthetic Phylum Cnidaria: Stinging Creatures (Sea Anemones, Coral & Jelly Fish) Aquatic animals with hollow bodies and radial symmetry. The mouth is the only opening and is surrounded by tentacles (with stinging cells for hunting and defense). Have 2 basic body shapes: Medusa bell-shaped; e.g. jellyfish Polyp like an upside-down jellyfish; e.g. hydra Sea Anemones Cnidarians Coral Jellyfish Sexual reproduction; also asexual reprod. by budding. 1

2 Cnidarian Life Cycle Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms (Tapeworms, Flukes & Planaria) Have a flattened body with bilateral symmetry. Mostly parasitic. Absorb food from their host through their bodies and breath through their skin few organ systems. Self-fertilizing hermaphrodites. Tapeworms in humans they can get a long as 7 m (~25 ft). Planaria - Free-Living Flatworms Tapeworm- Parasitic Liver Fluke - Parasitic Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms (Ascaris, Hookworms & Pinworms) Long bilaterally symmetrical body with pointy ends. Have both a mouth and an anus Breath through their skin. Both free-living and parasitic forms; some are important soil organisms. Reproduce sexually. Nematodes/Roundworms Phylum Rotifera: Rotifers- Wheel Animals Trichinae - Parasitic Hookworm- Parasitic Rotifers are microscopic, multicellular aquatic animals with specialized organ systems and a complete digestive tract. Pinworm- Parasitic Ascaris Most Common Human Roundworm Parasite Some rotifers have managed to go without sexual reproduction for 60 million years. 2

3 10-Jun-15 Phylum Mollusca: Mollusks A very diverse group, but all have some version of: Class Bivalva Mussels Mantle (thin fleshy tissue which makes the shell). Muscular foot for movement. An organ-containing region of the body called the visceral mass. Grouped into classes based on traits: Kind of foot. Location and type of shell. Method of feeding. Class Bivalva Clams Scallops Class Gastropoda Gastropod - Stomach Foot Snails & Slugs Oysters Class Cephalopoda Cephalopod Head Foot Octopus, Cuttlefish & Squid Octopus The foot is divided into arms and/or tentacles which are attached to the part of the body containing the eyes (the "head") while the rest of the body is out in front of the head. Well developed eyes; rapid swimmers, move by shooting a jet of water backwards; the most intelligent invertebrates. 3

4 10-Jun-15 Squid Phylum Annelida Segmented Worms (Earthworms & Leeches) Cuttlefish Annelids Bodies divided into sections called segments; complex worms. Parasitic (leeches) or free-living (earthworms). Hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction. Phylum Arthropoda Arthropods Jointed Foot Class Arachnida Spiders & Scorpions Have segmented bodies. Have jointed appendages. Have exoskeletons. Most numerous phylum of animals. 80% of all animals are insects (a type of arthropod). 4

5 10-Jun-15 Class Chilopoda Class Crustacea Crabs, Lobsters, Shrimp, etc. Lobster Centipedes Shrimp Barnacles Crab Class Diplopoda Millipedes Phylum Echinodermata Spiny skin (Starfish, Sea Urchins, Sea Lilies, Brittle Stars & Sea Cucumbers) Class Insecta Bees, Butterflies, Grasshoppers, and many more! Starfish Echinoderms usually have five appendages. When young echinoderms have bilateral symmetry. As they mature they convert to radial symmetry. Lack a skeleton, they use water pressure in their bodies to keep their shape. 5

6 Sea Urchins Sea Lilies Brittle Stars Sea Cucumbers Phylum Chordata All chordates have the following features at some point in their life: (they may only be present in the embryo) Pharyngeal slits openings that connect the inside of the throat to the outside of the neck; often become gills. Nerve cord - a bundle of nerve fibers that runs along the back that connects the brain to the muscles and organs. Notochord cartilage rod running underneath and supporting the nerve cord. Post-anal tail - an extension of the body past the anal opening. Chordate Anatomy 6

7 Sub-Phylum Urochordata Tunicates/Sea Squirts A young tunicate (larva) is able to swim freely by means of a tail. As it matures, the larva settles and metamorphoses into a sedentary adult -- losing its tail, its ability to move, and many of its chordate features. The nervous system disintegrates and the adult form becomes essentially a sack with two siphons through which water enters and exits. Sub-Phylum Cephalochordata Lancelets While capable of swimming, the lancelet has no complex sense organs, so it burrows into the sand of shallow waters. It rests with only the front end exposed to the water, using a row of tentacles to bring food into its mouth (filter feeder). Sub-Phylum Vertebrata Vertebrates Animals with a notochord that surrounds and protects the nerve cord (vertebral column). Vertebrates have been very successful due to their diversity and mobility that allow them to dominate their environment. Class Agnatha Jawless Fish (Hagfish & Lampreys) Mostly parasitic. Cartilage skeletons. No jaws, no paired fins. Class Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous Fish (Sharks, Rays & Skates) Sharks Moveable jaws & paired fins. Enamel teeth. More efficient gills. Cartilage skeleton. Some give live birth 7

8 Rays Skates Class Osteichthyes Bony Fish Bony Fish Most numerous vertebrates. Bony skeleton. Skin with mucous glands & scales. Paired fins. Presence of swim bladder. Bony Fish Class Amphibia Amphibians (Frogs, Toads, Salamanders & Newts) Can travel on land while still having the ability to swim. Breathe through moist skin and lungs. No scales or claws. A 3-chamber heart. Many exhibit metamorphosis (a larval and adult stage). 8

9 10-Jun-15 Frogs & Toads Salamanders & Newts Class Reptilia Lizards & Snakes Reptiles (Lizards, Snakes, Turtles, Tortoises, Crocodiles & Alligators) Several modifications for permanent terrestrial existence. Dry scaly skin adapted for life away from water (prevents water loss). Clawed feet. Eggs suited for development on land (include an amnion membrane). Turtles & Tortoises Crocodiles & Alligators 9

10 Class Aves Birds Wings give them the ability to fly allowing them to occupy some habitats denied to other animals. Efficient heart with 4 chambers. Hollow bones. Feathers (modified scales). Warm-blooded they don t rely on environment for heating/cooling. Birds Class Mammalia Mammals Highly developed brain. Presence of hair/fur (modified scales). Warm-blooded; four-chambered heart. Mammary glands feed young milk (modified sweat). No eggs - young are carried internally providing ultimate protection. Many mammals have a placenta (which nourishes the young inside the mother). Mammals Reference For more info refer to text Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 10

Animal Diversity. Kingdom Animalia

Animal Diversity. Kingdom Animalia 7ch11 Animal Diversity Kingdom Animalia Animal Characteristics 1. animals are eukaryotes and are multicellular 2. cells are specialized for different functions (vision,digestion,reproduction) 3. protein,