Terrestrial Isopods from West Africa

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1 Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Supplemento ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: Terrestrial Isopods from West Africa H. Schmalfuss & F. Ferrara To cite this article: H. Schmalfuss & F. Ferrara (1983) Terrestrial Isopods from West Africa, Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Supplemento, 18:1, , DOI: / To link to this article: Published online: 26 Aug Submit your article to this journal Article views: 74 View related articles Citing articles: 6 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at

2 Moni tore zoologico i taliano ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY PUBBLICATO DALLA UNIVERSIT.l. DEGLI STUD! Dl FIRENZE CON IL CONTRIBUTO DEL CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE N. S. SUPPLEMENTO XVIII NO TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS FROM WEST AFRICA PART 3: FAMILY ARMADILLIDAE VERHOEFF, 1917 (PUBBLICAZIONI DEL CENTRO DI STUDIO PER LA FAUNISTICA ED ECOLOGIA TROPICAL! DEL C.N.R.: CCXLIX) H. ScHMALFUS s and F. FERRARA Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Stuttgart Centro di Studio per Ia Faunistica ed Ecologia Tropicali del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Firenze Received 1 October 1982 I. Introduction II. Family Armadillidae Verhoeff, 1917 A. Genus Anchicubaris Collinge, Anchicubaris annobonensis n. sp. B. Genus Annobodillo n. gen. 1. Annobodillo coecus n. sp. C. Genus Cristarmadillo Arcangeli, Cristarmadillo arcangelii n. sp. D. Genus Cubaris Brandt, Cubaris (?) maculata n. sp.. 2. Cubaris murina Brandt, 1833 E. Genus Ethelumoris Richardson, Ethelumoris parallelus Richardson, Ethelumoris setosus n. sp. F. Genus Feadillo n. gen. 1. Feadillo principensis n. sp. 2. Feadillo saotomensis n. sp. G. Genus Gabunillo n. gen. 1. Gabunillo coecus n. sp. page 113» 114» 114» 115» 115» 117» 118» 118» 120» 120» 122» 122» 123» 123» 123» 125» 125» 128» 128 Published online 26 Aug 2016

3 112 H. SCHI\1ALFUSS and F. FERRARA H. Genus Laureola Barnard, Laureola dubia n. sp.. I. Genus Paraxenodillo n. gen. 1. Paraxenodillo singularis n. sp. J. Genus Polyacanthus Budde-Lund, Polyacanthus aculeatus (Budde-Lund, 1885). K. Genus Pseudolobodillo n. gen.. 1. Pseudolobodillo principensis n. sp. L. Genus Rhodesillo Ferrara & Taiti, Rhodesillo insulanus n. sp.. M. Genus Synarmadillo Dollfus, Synarmadillo aelleni n. sp.. 2. Synarmadillo albinotatus Budde-Lund, Synarmadillo clausus Dollfus, Synarmadillo cristifrons (Hilgendorf, 1893) 5. Synarmadillo diversus Paulian de Felice, Synarmadillo globus Budde-Lund, Synarmadillo insulanus Ferrara & Schmalfuss, Synarmadillo parvulus n. sp. 9. Synarmadillo vicinus Paulian de Felice, 1940 N. Genus Togarmadillo n. gen. 1. Togarmadillo nigropunctatus (Hilgendorf, 1893) 0. Genus Tuberdillo Arcangeli, Tuberdillo bananae (Van Name, 1920) 2. Tuberdillo fagei (Paulian de Felice, 1940) 3. Tuberdillo gabunensis n. sp. 4. T uberdillo guinensis n. sp. 5. Tuberdillo regulus (Van Name, 1920) 6. T uberdillo strinatii n. sp. P. Genus Venezillo Verhoef, Venezillo berlandi (Paulian de Felice, 1940) 2. Venezillo crassus (Budde-Ludd, 1904) Q. Genus Diploexochus Brandt, 1833 Summary 1. «Diploexochus >> sp. Zusammenfassung References page 128» 130» 132» 132» 132» 134» 134» 135» 135» 135» 138 >> 138» 139 >> 139 >> 139 >> 140 >> 140» 142 >> 142 >> 143 >> 144 >> 144 >> 146 >> 147 >> 148 >> 148 >> 150 >> 150 >> 150 >> 152» 153» 153 >> 155 >> 155 >> 155 >> 155 >> 156

4 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 113 I. INTRODUCTION This paper - the third in our review of terrestrial isopods from West Africa (between the Senegal and Congo rivers) - deals with the family Armadillidae. The first part (FERRARA & SCHMALFUSS, 1976) covers the family Eubelidae, while the second (SCHMALFUSS & FERRARA, 1978) concerns the families Tylidae, Ligiidae, Styloniscidae, Trichoniscidae, Rhyscotidae, Platyarthridae, Halophilosciidae, Philosciidae, Trachelipidae, Porcellionidae and Armadillidiidae. Previously only eight species of Armadillidae were known from West Africa. We studied 19 species belonging to 12 genera identifying four genera and 12 species as new and redefining some of the genera described by former authors. Moreover we have included the genus Synarmadillo Dollfus, 1892, formerly placed in the Eubelidae, with nine species of which two are new and the allied genera Ethelumoris Richardson, 1907 (two species, one new), Gabunillo n. gen. (a new species) and Togarmadillo n. gen. (one species) (see also FERRARA & SCHMALFUSS, 1976). With the exception of Cubaris murina Brandt, 1833 and Polyacanthus aculeatus (Budde-Lund, 1885), the generic position of the eight species formerly reported from this area had to be revised. We wish to thank Dr K. PFAu (Mainz, Germany) for the isopods collected in Senegal, and Dr R. LINCOLN (British Museum, Natural History, London), Prof. P. L. G. BENOIT (Musee Royal de!'afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium), Dr B. HAUSER (Museum d'histoire Naturelle, Geneve), Prof. P. PARENTI (Museo Zoologico dell'universita, Turin) and Dr A. ANDERSSON (Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm) for having loaned us specimens. BM Abbreviations used: = British Museum (Natural H~tory), London; MRAC = Musee Royal de!'afrique Centrale, Tervuren; MT MG MHNG SMNS ZMB Museo Zoologico dell'universita, Turin; Museo Civico di Storia Naturale «Giacomo Doria», Genoa; Museum d'histoire Naturelle, Geneve; Staatliches Museum fi.ir Naturkunde, Stuttgart; Zoologisches Museum, Berlin. Note. - When the specimens could not have been unrolled without damage, only the total number is given without indicating the sex.

5 114 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA II. FAMILY ARMADILLIDAE Verhoeff, 1917 Diagnosis. - Flagellum of antenna 2-jointed; normally with five pairs of pseudotracheae (four pairs in Buddelundia), sometimes with Oniscustype respiratory areas or even without respiratory structures (secondary reduction); able to conglobate (except for Australiodillo Verhoeff, 1926); uropod protopodite flattened and situated between sides of telson and epimera of pleon segment 5; uropod exopodite normally not situated terminally on protopodite, very often reduced, in most species not surpassing protopodite, sometimes obsolete; always with two penicils in the inner ramus of maxilla 1; epimera of pereon segment 1 always without sulcus arcuatus; telson often hour-glass-shaped. The family Armadillidae is well-defined, except perhaps for its separation from the Eubelidae which in some cases is somewhat delicate and not yet satisfactory. Considering the sulcus arcuatus and/or more than two penicils in the maxilla 1 as derived (apomorphic) characters for the Eubelidae s. str. (see FERRARA & ScHMALFUSS, 1976), and the reduced state of the uropod-exopodite as a derived character for the Armadillidae, then the two families can be considered as monophyletic units and thus as «good» systematic categories in a phylogenetic sense. Accepting this argument the only alteration to be made in considering former authors is to move the genus Synarmadillo and allied genera from the Eubelidae to the Armadillidae. As pointed out previously there is really no reason for maintaining this genus in the family Eubelidae. VERHOEFF (1926, 1937) and particularly VANDEL (1973a, 1973b, 1973c) divided the family Armadillidae into a number of subfamilies. Since most of the African armadillids have not been considered by these authors, and also because the generic position of many African species must be revised, we have preferred not to discuss subfamilies in this paper. The Armadillidae are mostly distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions. Most of the species occur in the southern hemisphere. In Africa the majority are found in southern Africa and the islands in the Gulf of Guinea. A. Genus ANCHICUBARIS Collinge, 1920 Type.species: Anchicubaris fongosiensis Collinge, Diagnosis. - Animals with distinct ornamentation; conglobation of Pyrgoniscus-type; epimera almost horizontal; frontal lamina raised well above level of vertex, straight and without medial incision; pereon segments 1 and 2 with well-developed ventral lobes; telson hour-glass-shaped, distal part short, apex truncate; uropod protopodite with a narrow rectangular distal part; exopodite present.

6 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 115 Remarks. - The genus Anchicubaris includes the following species: A. fongosiensis (Natal), A. spinosus Collinge, 1942 (Zimbabwe and South Africa), A. scoriformis Collinge, 1945 (South Africa) and A. annobonensis n. sp. (Annobon islands). 1. Anchicubaris annobonensis n. sp. (Figs 1-13 ). Specimens examined. - Annobon Island: 3 c:f c:f ( 1 c:f holotype), 8 <2 <2, m, leg. L. Pea, V (MG ); 1 c:f, 3 <2 <2, leg. Cambridge Univ. Exp., VII-VIII.l959 (BM No. 21). Description. - Size 8 X 4.5 mm. Reddish brown with light spots. Back equipped with tiny swallow-tailed-shaped scale-spines. The ornamentation is very characteristic and apparently unique. Excluding the small irregular tubercles on the cephalon and pereon segments it can be summarized as follows. Cephalon: a transverse row of four large claviform protuberances; pereon segment 1: two anterior conical tubercles pointing forwards, a row of four posterior tubercles formed of two small and two larger ones. The same row is present on segments 2-6 while segment 7 has only one medial and two lateral tubercles; pleon segments 3-5 each with a large medial protuberance; tel son with small paramedial tubercles. Cephalon: frontal lamina greatly protruding on vertex; globular eyes with 20 ommatidia. Pereon: epimera of all segments almost horizontal and ventrally with a transverse epimeral crest; pereon segment 1 dorsally with a concavity near the lateral margin; ventrally with a structure pertinent to volvation consisting of a triangular tooth whose apex is visible laterally and a crest paralleling the lateral margin of the segment which has a sinuous posterior margin; anterior angle acute protruding distinctly frontwards; pereon segment 2 ventrally with a narrow triangular tooth. Telson with very short distal part, truncated apex. Antenna with second joint of flagellum much shorter than first. Uropod protopodite rectangular distally, endopodite very short. Male: pereopods not modified; pleopod 1 as in Figs 12, 13. Remarks. - A. annobonensis differs from the other species of the genus in the shape, number and position of the tubercles. Type-species: Annobodillo coecus n. sp. B. Genus ANNOBODILLO n. gen. Diagnosis. - Pigmentless, ocelli not traceable; animals able to roll up into a perfect ball, vertical epimera; frontal lamina protruding slightly above vertex; pereon segment 1 thickened laterally and grooved along its length; outer lobe of schisma obliquely truncate, inner lobe rounded;

7 Figs Anchicubaris annobonensis n. sp.: dorsal (Fig. 1) and lateral (Fig. 2) view; cephalon, frontal (Fig. 3 ), caudal (Fig. 4) and lateral (Fig. 5) view; left side of pereon segment 1, caudal view (Fig. 6); pereon segment 1, lateral (Fig. 7) and ventral (Fig. 8) view; epimera of pereon segments 2-3, ventral view (Fig. 9); telson and uropods (Fig. 10); pleon and telson, lateral view (Fig. 11); o pleopod 1, exopodite (Fig. 12), endopodite (Fig. 13).

8 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 117 pereon segment 2 with triangular epimeron and small tooth on the ventral surface; pereon segment 3 with a very slight transverse ventral thickening; volvation of Tuberdillo-type (see p. 146 ), i.e. second epimera not sliding under external lobes of schismas; telson hour-glass-shaped, distal part short; uropod protopodite distally rectangular; exopodite present ~ \_(] ~21 ~ "-J20 14 Figs Annobodillo coecus n. gen. n. sp.: pereon and pleon segment 3, lateral view (Fig. 14 ); cephalon, frontal (Fig. 15), dorsal (Fig. 16) and lateral (Fig. 17) view; pereon segment 1 (Fig. 18); pereon segment 2, dorsal (Fig. 19) and ventral (Fig. 20) view; telson and uropods (Fig. 21 ). Remarks. - The new genus is akin to Tuberdillo Arcangeli, 1941, from which it differs in the steep epimera, very low frontal lamina and absence of ornamentation; and to Venezillo Verhoeff, 1928, from which it differs in the shape of pereon segments 1 and 2 and the resulting type of volvation. 1. Annobodillo coecus n. sp. (Figs ). Specimens examined. - Annobon Island: 3 spec., m, leg. L. Fea, V (MG); 4 spec., leg. Cambridge Univ. Exp., VII-VIII (BM No. 21).

9 118 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA Description. - Length 8 mm. Back with very small scales and no tubercles. Cephalon with frontal lamina protruding slightly above the vertex and folded on it. Pereon segments 1 and 2 as described in the generic diagnosis. Telson about 1.5 times wider than long, narrowing distally, apex subtruncate. Antenna with second joint of flagellum times longer than first; uropod exopodite minute, endopodite almost reaching tip of telson. C. Genus CRISTARMADILLO Arcangeli, 1950 Type species: Cristarmadillo gerardi Arcangeli, ARCANGELI (1950, pp. 8-10) mainly gives a detailed description of the ornamentation of Cristarmadillo gerardi n. gen. n. sp. without paying special attention to the generic characters. Among the material studied we found one species which we ascribe to this genus though the tergal protuberance are only faintly developed. We suggest the following generic diagnosis for Cristarmadillo. Tergal ornamentation more or less developed consisting of tubercles and/or cristae; pereon epimera not vertical, pointing outwards in a nearly horizontal direction; frontal lamina straight,.protruding far beyond the surface of vertex; interlocking structures present on all pereon segments and on pleon segments 3 and 4; posterior margin of pereon segment 1 deeply excavated, inner lobe well-developed but shorter than outer lobe; inner lobe of pereon segment 2 triangular; telson hour-glass-shaped with distal part longer than basal one; uropod exopodite well-developed but not reaching tip of protopodite. The only genus with corresponding interlocking structures appears to be Pseudolobodillo n. gen. (vide infra) (1 ). However, this latter differs from Cristarmadillo by the steep epimera, frontal lamina not protruding above the vertex and the ventral processes of pereon epimera 1 and 2. The genus Cristarmadillo contains the species C. gerardi from Zaire (Kalina) and C. arcangelii n. sp. from Congo. 1. Cristarmadillo arcangelii n. sp. (Figs ). Specimens examined. - Congo: 5cf cf (1 cf holotype), 2 <:;? <:;?, 2 juv., Grotte de Kila-Tari, leg. V. Aellen and P. Strinati, 11.VIII.1957 (MHNG). Description.- Size ca 6.5X3.8 mm. Yellowish. Cephalon and pereon segments with faintly developed tubercles arranged as follows: segment 1 with 2 anterior paramedial and a row of 10 posterior tubercles; segments (1; And Sphaerilloides testudinalis (Budde-Lund, 1885). See p. 135.

10 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA with a row of 10 tubercles. Eyes with large ommatidia. Cephalon with very protruding frontal lamina. Pereon segment 1 dorsally with a deep concavity at the base of epimeron, ventrally with a large rounded lobe which does not surpass the distinctly protruding posterior angle. Telson longer than wide with very short basal part, posterior margin truncate, ) I 24 ~\ w Figs Cristarmadillo arcangelii n. sp.: dorsal (Fig. 22) and ventral (Fig. 23) view; pereon segment 1, ventral view (Fig. 24 ); pereon segments 2-3, ventral view (Fig. 25); telson and uropods (Fig. 26); ~ pleopod 1, exopodite (Fig. 27), endopodite (Fig. 28). rounded lateral angles. Frail antennae with second joint of flagellum times longer than first. Pereopods long and frail. Uropod with very long, rectangular protopodite; endopodite short, exopodite well-developed. Male: pereopods not modified; pleopod 1 as in Figs 27, 28. Remarks. - The new species differs from C. gerardi in less developed ornamentation, shape of the telson and uropod protopodite.

11 120 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA Type-species: Cubaris murina Brandt, D. Genus CuBARIS Brandt, 1833 This genus includes several species found predominantly in the Pacific area with some species known also from tropical America. Except for C. murina found throughout the tropics, only one African species, Armadillo egens Budde-Lund, 1904 from Malawi, is commonly ascribed to the genus Cubaris (VANDEL, 1952, 1973a). However this statement is doubtful- according to the description - A. egens most probably belongs to the genus Bethalus Budde-Lund, The genus h:rs been defined several times (GREEN, 1961; VANDEL, 1952, 1973a, 1973b) and thus a new diagnosis is not necessary. 1. Cubaris (?) maculata n. sp. (Figs ). Specimens examined. - Annobon Island: 1 d' (holotype), 2 <;l <;l, leg. Cambridge Univ. Exp., VII-VIII.1959 (BM No. 21). Description.- Size 9 X 4.3 mm. Yellowish mottled with brown. Back with small pointed tubercles arranged as follows: cephalon with three rows, 4+6+6; pereon segment 1 with four rows, ; pereon segments 2-6, ; segment 7, 12+8; pleon segment 3, 4: six, pleon segment 5 and telson: two. Medial tubercle lacking in the main rows. Cephalon: frontal lamina protruding above the vertex, slightly concave in the middle; the marginal line continues on both sides with the frontal margin. Eyes with 16 ommatidia. Pereon segment 1 raised anteriorly, not thickened laterally, posterior margin sinuous, acute angle; ventrally with a triangular tooth. Pereon segment 2: epimera rectangular, bearing ventrally a triangular tooth and a small groove in which the inner lobe of segment 1 fits when the animal is rolled up. Epimera of pereon segments 3-7 rectangular, without ventral interlocking structures. Telson hour-glassshaped, apex truncated. Uropod protopodite externally rounded; exopodite well-developed. Remarks. - According to VANDEL's diagnosis of Cubaris this species shows important differences such as the development of the frontal lamina and the triangular teeth on the ventral surfaces of pereon segments 1-2. On the other hand, species such as C. verhoeffi Herold, 1931 and C. chiltoni Vandel, 1973, definitely ascribed to the genus Cubaris, have well-developed ventral teeth or protruding frontal lamina. The ascription of this species to the genus Cubaris is however preliminary.

12 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA oooooo o 0 o 000 o o Ooooooo 0 o oooooooooooo ooooo ooooo oooooooooooo ooooo ooooo oooooooooooo ooooo oooooooooooo ~' ~ ---~ f '. ~. ~ ~ 35 t>/ Figs Cubaris (?) maculata n. sp.: arrangement of the tubercles (Fig. 29); cephalon, frontal (Fig. 30) and lateral (Fig. 31) view; pereon segment 1 (Fig. 32); pereon segments 1-2, ventral view (Fig. 33); telson and uropods (Fig. 34). Figs Cubaris murina Brandt, 1833, ci: pereopod 1 (Fig. 35) and 7 (Fig. 36); pleopod 1 (Fig. 37).

13 122 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA 2. Cubaris murina Brandt, 1833 (Figs 35-37). Cubaris (Cubaris) murina ARCANGELI, 1950, p. 14. Cubaris murina FERRARA & TAITI, 1979, p Specimens examined. - Sierra Leone: 15 spec., Freetown, Botanical Garden, Fourah Bay College, Mount Aureol, leg. D. Olu and D. Pitt, IX (MRAC 54220); 1 spec., the same data, IV-V.1977 (MRAC 54422); 5 spec., Freetown, Murray Town, leg. D. Olu and D. Pitt, IV.1977 (MRAC 54424). Upper Volta: 3 spec., Ouagadougou, leg. B. Raman, IV-VI.1965 (MRAC ). Principe Island: 1 r:f, 3 <;? <;?, Ro<;a Infante Don Henrique, m, leg. L. Fea, I-III.l901 (MG). Records from West Africa. - Zaire: Moanda (ARCANGELI, 1950). Distribution. - This species occurs throughout the tropical regions. Remarks.- C. murina is well-known and a description is unnecessary. We have included some drawings of the male characters. E. Genus ETHELUMORIS Richardson, 1907 Type-species: Ethelumoris parallelus Richardson, The only species of this genus, E. parallelus, was described by RICHARDSON (1907) on a single specimen (sex?) from Liberia (Mt Coffee). Since the species described here also belongs to Ethelumoris, we have re-defined this genus as follows. Animal able to roll up into a perfect ball; vertical epimera; ceo halon and pereon segments with rugosities; cephalon with frontal margin slightly protruding above the vertex; pereon segments with pronounced separation between pro- and metatergites; pereon segment 1 without lateral thickening; lateral margin deeply grooved along its length; deep schisma, inner lobe protruding backwards compared to the outer one; pereon segment 2 (and 3 in E. setosus) with a transversal tooth on the ventral surface; telson triangular; antennae short and thickset; pleopod exopodites with Oniscustype respiratory areas; uropod protopodite quadrangular; exopodite distally inserted. Remarks. - The genus Ethelumoris is akin to Synarmadillo Dollfus, 1892 from which it differs in the structure of cephalon, position of the uropod exopodite and lack of pseudotracheae.

14 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA Ethelumoris parallel us Richardson, Ethe/umoris paralle/us FERRARA & SCHMALFUSS, 1976, p Ethelomorus parallelus FERRARA & TArn, 1979, p Records from West Africa ). Liberia: Mt Coffee (RICHARDSON, Distribution. - No other records are known. 2. Ethelumoris setosus n. sp. (Figs 38-51). Specimens examined. - Fernando Po: 8cf cf (1 cf holotype), 14 <.i? <.i?, Basile, m, leg. L. Fea, VIII-IX.1901 (MG). Cameroon: 1cf, Buea, m, leg. L. Fea, VI-VII.l902 (MG). Description. - Size X mm. Pale, probably discoloured by conservation. Cephalon and pereon segments rugose; back with many long setae; pereon segment 1 with a semi-lunar groove anteriorly placed. Cephalon: frontal margin straight protruding slightly above the vertex; eyes with 15 large ommatidia. Pereon segment 1: lateral margin deeply grooved along its length, posterior margin concave; inner lobe of schisma protruding backwards compared to the outer one. Pereon segments 2, 3: a tooth-like process on the ventral surface of epimera. Pleon: epimera of segment 5 convergent. Telson triangular, sides concave, apex rounded. Antennae: second joint of flagellum 3 times longer than first. Uropod protopodite with medial angle rounded. Male: pereopods without specializations. Pleopod 1: exopodite with ovate inner lobe; endopodite with short spines near the apex. Pleopod 2: endopodite much longer than exopodite. Remarks. - E. setosus differs from E. parallelus in the presence of long setae on the back, a dorsal groove on pereon segment 1, and a ventral tooth on pereon segment 3. F. Genus FEADILLO n. gen. Type-species: Feadillo principensis n. sp. Diagnosis. -Back equipped with small costae and tubercles; epimera not vertical, pointing outwards in a nearly horizontal direction; frontal lamina protrudes markedly above the vertex; pereon segment 1 with lateral margin not thickened and not grooved; anterior angle acute, strongly bent outwards; with a more or less developed ventral lode. Pereon segment 2

15 2 mm (' ~ ) ~-- / 41 j Figs Ethelumoris setosus n. sp.: dorsal (Fig. 38) and lateral (Fig. 39) view; cephalon, frontal (Fig. 40) and dorsal (Fig. 41) view; pereon segment 1, lateral (Fig. 42) and ventral (Fig. 43) view; lateral margin of pereon segment 1 (Fig. 44); epimera of pereon segments 2-3, ventral view (Fig. 45); telson and right uropod (Fig. 46); left uropod (Fig. 47). c): pleopod 1 (Fig. 48) and 2 (Fig. 49); pleopod 3, exopodite (Fig. 50); pleopod 5, exopodite (Fig. 51).

16 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 125 with more (F. principensis) or less (F. saotomensis) developed ventral tooth; telson hour-glass-shaped with swollen distal part, the corners of which touch the epimera of the pleon segment 5; uropod protopodite triangular distinctly shorter than telson and pleon epimera 5 apices; exoand endopodite well-developed. Remarks. - Feadillo is characterized essentially by the reduction of the uropod protopodites which do not reach the body outline. The genus includes two species, F. principensis n. sp. from Principe Island and F. saotomensis n. sp. from Sao Tome Island. 1. Feadillo principensis n. sp. (Figs 52-62). Specimens examined. - Principe Island: 38 spec. (lo" holotype), Ro~a Infante Don Henrique, m, leg. L. Fe:1, I-III.1901 (MG). Description. - Size 12.5 X 6.1 mm (holotype o" ). Pale, probably faded by conservation. Back with small tubercles and costae arranged as in Fig. 52. Cephalon with frontal lamina straight; eyes with about 15. ommatidia. Pereon segment 1 with posterior margin sinuose, acute angle; with a ventral triangular tooth. Pereon segment 2 with a large ovate tooth on the ventral surface. Pereon segments 3, 4 with a transverse ridge on the ventral surface (compare Fig. 69). Telson about 1.4 times wider than long, basal and distal part almost equal in length; apex truncate, rounded lateral angles; with a longitudinal ventral groove in which the uropod endopodites fit. Uropod protopodite very short, triangular; exopodite almost terminal. Male: pereopods without specializations. Pleopod 1 exopodite without posterior point. 2. Feadillo saotomensis n. sp. (Figs 63-73). Specimens examined. - Sao Tome: 2o" o" ( 1 o" holotype), 1 <.;?, Agua Ize, m, leg. L. Fea, X.1900 (MG). Description. - Size 11.3 X 5.3 mm (holotype o" ). Yellowish. Ornamentation similar to but less apparent than that of Feadillo principensis. Cephalon with frontal lamina slightly convex in the middle; eyes with about 15 ommatidia. Pereon segment 1: posterior margin concave at the base of epimeron, posterior angle rounded; ventral lobe large and rounded. Pereon segment 2: lateral margin of epimeron rounded, ventral tooth very small. A transverse ridge is present on the ventral surface of pereon segment 3 and 4. Telson about 1.2 times wider than long with distal part

17 tu ooooo ooooo o o oooob OOOOOo oooooo OOOOOo oooooo OOOOOooOOOOO oooooooooo Figs Feadillo principensis n. gen. n. sp.: arrangement of tubercles (Fig. 52); cephalon, frontal (Fig. 53) and lateral (Fig. 54) view; pereon segment 1, lateral (Fig. 55), ventral (Fig. 56) and frontal (Fig. 57) view; pereon segment 2, lateral (Fig. 58) and ventral (Fig. 59) view; telson and uropods, dorsal (Fig. 60) and ventral (Fig. 61) view; o pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 62).

18 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 127 longer and wider than the basal one; posterior margin convex, lateral angle narrowly rounded. Uropod protopodite triangular with posterior margin acute; exopodite well-developed. ~ Figs Feadillo saotomensis n. gen. n. sp.: cephalon, frontal (Fig. 63 ), dorsal (Fig. 64) and lateral (Fig. 65) view; pereon segment 1, lateral (Fig. 66), ventral (Fig. 67) and frontal (Fig. 68) view; pereon segments 2-4, ventral view (Fig. 69); telson and left uropod (Fig. 70); right uropod, dorsal (Fig. 71) and ventral (Fig. 72) view; o pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 73). Remarks. - F. saotomensis differs from F. principensis in (i) the less developed ornamentation; (ii) the frontal lamina which is slightly convex in the middle; (iii) the pereon segment 1 which has the posterior angle rounded; (iv) the very small tooth on segment 2; (v) the telson which has the apex wider than tbe base and (vi) the much longer uropod protopodite and exopodite.

19 128 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA Type-species: Gabunillo coecus n. sp. G. Genus GABUNILLO n. gen. Diagnosis. - Animals able to conglobate; steep epimera; small size; pigmentless, eyes completely reduced; back without granulations or tubercles, equipped with scale-spines; cephalon with frontal margin interrupted in the middle; pereon segment 1 with a tiny groove along its margin; inner and outer lobe of schisma rounded; pereon segments 2-3 with transverse ridge on the ventral surface; telson triangular; pleopod exopodites without respiratory structures; uropod protopodite rectangular, very small, subterminal exopodite. Remarks. - The new genus is akin to Synarmadillo Dollfus, 1892 from which it differs in the structure of the cephalon, absence of ventral teeth on pereon segments 2-3, and shape of the telson and uropods. The lack of pseudotracheae is probably due to secondary reduction. 1. Gabunillo coecus n. sp. (Figs ). Specimens examined. - Gabon: 179 spec. ( 1 d' holotype), Grotte de Pahau, Lastourville, leg. V. Aellen and P. Strinati, 6.VIII.1957 (MHNG); 92 spec., Grotte de N'Doumbou, Lastourville, leg. V. Aellen and P. Strinati, 4.VIII.l957 (MHNG). Description. - In addition to the characters given in the generic diagnosis: about 3 mm long; posterior margin of pereon segment 1 straight; inner and outer lobes of schisma equal in length; epimera of pereon segment 2 subtriangular; telson with concave sides, rounded apex; antenna with second joint of flagellum longer than first; uropod endopodite welldeveloped, reaching tip of telson. Male: pereopods without specializations. Pleopod 1: exopodite reniform; apex of endopodite denticulate on the outer margin; pleopod 2 as in Fig. 81. Remarks. - The lack of pigmentation and eyes, as well as the small size, show that these specimens are probably true troglobionts. H. Genus LAUREOLA Barnard, 1960 Type-species: Akermania paucispinosa Barnard, The genus Laureola was instituted by BARNARD ( 1960) for some species previously ascribed to the genus Akermania Collinge, According to this author Laureola differs from Akermania in the shape of the

20 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA / / 1\ C) \t~~ I v Figs Gabunillo coecus n. gen. n. sp.: scale-spine (Fig. 74); cephalon, frontal view (Fig. 75); pereon segment 1 (Fig. 76); pereon segment 2, ventral view (Fig. 77); pereon segment 3, ventral view (Fig. 78); telson and uropods (Fig. 79); o pleopod 1 (Fig. 80) and 2 (Fig. 81 ). telson (triangular in the former, truncate in the latter). VANDEL (1973a) reviewed the genus Laureola and instituted a new genus Praelaureola ( 1) giving a very clear diagnosis of the new genus and of Laureola. However, BARNARD's species fit the genus Praelaureola and not Laureola sensu VANDEL. Thus we have concluded that Praelaureola Vandel, 1973 (and Paralaureola Vandel, nomen nudum) is a junior synonym of Laure ala Barnard, (1) Called Para/aureola in VANDEL (1973b).

21 130 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA 1960 while Laureola sensu VANDEL with the species Cubaris wilsmorei Nicholls & Barnes, 1926, L. atlantica Vandel, 1977 and Akermania hystrix Barnard, 1958 is a different genus which we denominate Pseudolaureola. While BARNARD (1960, p. 53) mistakenly wrote«no flange or tooth ventrally on epimera of 1st and 2nd peraeon segments», VANDEL's definition of Praelaureola ( = Laureola) is not only correct but also much more complete. Diagnosis. - Shape of the body foliaceous; epimera of all segments - except pereon segment 1 - pointed; frontal lamina well-developed; back with long spines or spiniform tubercles; pereon segments 1, 2 and often 3 with ventral lobes: telson normally triangular, sometimes [L. canberrensis (Vandel, 1973) and L. dubia n. sp.] with distal part rectangular; antennae and pereopods long and frail; all pleopods exopodites present, equipped with pseudotracheae; uropod protopodite normally triangular, exopodite well-developed. Remarks. - Laureola is very close, if not identical, to Echinodillo Jackson, 1933 and certainly a comparative study is necessary to clarify this problem. Laureola includes nine species inhabiting the islands of the Gulf of Guinea (L. dubia n. sp.), southern Africa [L. paucispinosa (Barnard, 1949); L. longispina (Barnard, 1956); L. bivomer Barnard, 1960; L. hiatus Barnard, 1960; L. miacantha (Barnard, 1960); L. rubicunda Barnard, 1960] and Australia [L. sylvatica (Vandel, 1973 ); L. canberrensis (Vandel, 1973 )]. 1. Laureola dubia n. sp. (Figs 82-88). 5 pecimens examined. - Principe Island: 8 cf cf ( 1 cf holotype ), 7 c;? c;?, Roc;:a Infante Don Henrique, 300 m, leg. L. Fea, I-III.1901 (MG); lcf, 1 c;?, the same data, IV.1901 (MG). Sao Tome: 1 c;?, le3. W.H.T. Toms, B.M , 15.XI.l932 (BM No. 19). Description. - Size ca 10.5 X 5 mm. Brownish with pale mottle. Long spines arranged as follows: cephalon, a row of four; pereon segment 1, two rows: anterior one with two, posterior one with six spines; pereon segments 2-7 a row of six; pleon segments 3-4 each with two paramedial spines. Epimera of ull the segments pointing outwards in a nearly horizontal direction. Cephalon with concave frontal lamina; eyes wtih ommatidia. Pereon segment 1 with anterior angle subacute; posterior margin with slight concavity, narrowly rounded angle; ventral lappets on pereon segments 1 and 2 rounded. Pereon segment 3 with a tiny ventral ridge. Telson with rectangular distal part, apex with two triangular lateral processes. Antennae very long and frail with second joint of flagellum

22 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA mm Figs Laureola dubia n. sp.: dorsal view (Fig. 82); cephalon, frontal (Fig. 83), dorsal (Fig. 84) and lateral (Fig. 85) view; pereon segments 1-3, ventral view (Fig. 86); telson and uropods, dorsal (Fig. 87) and ventral (Fig. 88) view. slightly longer than first. Uropod protopodite somewhat triangular, much shorter than telson, distally rounded; exopodite well-developed. Male: pereopods without specializations. Pleopod 1: exopodite with rounded medial lobe; endopodite with pointed apex, without special structures. Remarks. - Even if closely related to the other species of the genus, L. dubia is characterized, together with the ornamentation, by the concave frontal lamina and shape of the telson and uropods.

23 132 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA Type-species: Paraxe11odillo si11gularis n. sp. I. Genus PARAXENODILLO n. gen. Diagnosis. - Able to conglobate, steep epimera; back without tubercles or spines; cephalon with frontal lamina protruding above the vertex; only pereon segments 1 and 2 with interlocking structures; pereon segment 1: lateral margin a little thickened; schisma practically absent due to the reduction of the external lobe (a) whose posterior margin is obliquely truncated, inner lobe very thick with an external (b) and internal (c) part, this latter pointing distinctly caudally; pereon segment 2: with a ventral rectangular oblique tooth; anterior margin of epimeron directed obliquely forwards, adhering perfectly with the posterior marging of segment 1 in volvation; thus the epimeron of pereon segment 2 does not slide under the posterior margin of segment 1 during volvation but is perfectly continuous with it, while the internal lobes guarantee linkage: telson hourglass-shaped with basal and distal parts subequal; uropod protopodite with rectangular distal part; exopodite minute. Remarks. - The new genus is characterized by the interlocking structures which appear to be unique. It shows some affinities with the genera Venezillo Verhoeff, 1928 and Tuberdillo Arcangeli, Paraxenodillo singularis n. sp. (Figs 89-98). Specimens examined. - Annobon Island: 6 spec. ( 1 d' holotype), m, leg. L. Fea, V.1902 (MG). Description. - Size 11 X 4.6 mm (holotype). Discoloured by conservation. Back without ornamentation. Cephalon: frontal lamina protruding above the vertex, bending slightly; upper margin slightly concave in the middle; eyes with ommatidia. Pereon segment 1 with anterior angle acute. Interlocking structures on pereon segments 1 and 2 as described in the generic diagnosis. Epimera of pleon segment 5 divergent. Telson with posterior margin a little convex, rounded lateral angles. Antenna: second joint of flagellum about 3 times longer than the first. Male: pereopods without specializations. Pleopod exopodite 1 with rounded inner lobe; endopodite with pointed apex, bent outwards. J. Genus PoLYACANTHUS Budde-Lund, 1909 Type-species: Armadillo aculeatus Budde Lund, Diagnosis. - Back with long spines; frontal lamina protruding above the vertex; epimera very long, rectangular, pointing outwards in a nearly horizontal direction; pereon segment 1-2 with rounded ventral lobes which

24 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 133 remain distant from the lateral margin; pereon segments 2-7 with a broad triangular tooth directed forwards at the base of the external spines; telson hour-glass-shaped with distal part long, apex truncated; uropod protopodite rectangular, exopodite reduced. 98 Figs Paraxenodillo singularis n. gen. n. sp.: cephalon, frontal (Fig. 89) and lateral (Fig. 90) view; pereon segments 1-2, lateral (Fig. 91) and ventral (Fig. 92) view; sketch of the interlocking structures between pereon segment 1 and 2 (Fig. 93 ); telson and uropods (Fig. 94 ); flagellum of antenna (Fig. 95). o: ischium of pereopod 7 (Fig. 96); pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 97); apex of pleopod 1 endopodite (Fig. 98). Remarks. - VANDEL (1973a, p. 104) placed Polyacanthus in the subfamily Venezilloninae together with the genera V enezillo and Reductoniscus Kesselyak, We do not see any reason for maintaining this subfamily as the three genera do not show affinities. Polyacanthus is akin to the genus Anchicubaris: both have very well-developed ornamentation, very protruding frontal lamina, «horizontal» epimera, and inner lobe on pereon segment 1 instead of schisma.

25 134 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA Polyacanthus includes with certainty only the type-species since P. transvaalensis Barnard, according to ARCANGELI (1950)- belongs to another genus. 1. Polyacanthus aculeatus (Budde-Lund, 1885) (Figs 99, 100). Armadillo aculeatus BUDDE-LUND, 1885, p. 289; BUDDE-LUND, 1904, p. 117, pl. X, figs Polyacanthus aculeatus BARNARD, 1932, p. 321; ARCANGELI, 1950, pp , figs 16-25; FERf.ARA & TAITI, 1979, p Diploexochus aculeata PAULIAN DE FELICE, 1940a, p Specimens examined. - Angola (Cabinda): 14 spec., Sassa-Zao, bois, leg. E. Dartevelle, VI.l937 (MRAC ). 99 Figs 99, Polyacanthus aculeatus (Budde-Lund, 1885): pereon segments 1-2, ventral view (Fig. 99); telson and uropds (Fig. 100). Records from West Africa. - Cabinda: Chinchoxo (BUDDE-LUND, 1885); Sassa-Zao (ARCANGELI, 1950). Distribution. - No other records are known. Remarks. - ARCANGELI's detailed description (1950) is good enough for the identification of this species. We have added illustrations of the interlocking structures of pereon segments 1-2 and of telson and uropods. K. Genus PsEUDOLOBODILLO n. gen. Type-species: Pseudolobodillo principensis n. sp. Diagnosis. - Animals able to roll up into a perfect ball; steep epimera; back without tubercles or spines; cephalon with frontal lamina folded above the vertex, protruding slightly on it; interlocking structures present on all pereon segments and on pleon segments 3-4. Pereon segment 1 without schisma, with a ventral triangular tooth; pereon segment 2 with a large, ventral rectangular lobe; pereon segments 3-4 with triangular transverse thickenings; pereon segments 5-7 and pleon segments 3-4 with

26 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 135 large ventral lobes. Telson hour-glass-shaped, distal part short and narrower than the basal part; uropod exopodite reduced. Remarks. - The new genus is readily distinguished from all other Armadillidae by the vertical epimera, presence of interlocking structures on all pereon segments and pleon segments 3-4, absence of a schisma on pereon segment 1 and presence of a large rectangular inner lobe on pereon segment 2. The presence of interlocking structures on pereon segments and on pleon segments 3-4 apparently place the new genus close to Cristarmadillo, but in our opinion this is only a convergence since this genus has a very developed frontal lamina, «horizontal» epimera and very different ventral lobes on pereon segments 1, 2 and 5. Also Sphaerilloides testudinalis (Budde-Lund, 1885) ( 1) has the same «number» of interlocking structures, but the presence of a schisma and very small triangular tooth on pereon segment 2 proves that there are no real affinities between the two genera. The same can be said about the genera of the Lobodillinae (sensu VANDEL, 1973a, 1973b) which have ventral lobes also on pleon segment Pseudolobodillo principensis n. sp. (Figs ). Specimens examined. - Principe Island: 1 d', Bahia do Oeste, m, leg. L. Fea, V-VI.l902 (MG). Description. - In addition to the characters given in the generic diagnosis: size 9 X 4.8 mm; creamy colour (probably due to conservation); back smooth, brilliant; cephalon with two oblique paramedial impressions on the vertex; eyes with ommatidia; pereon segment 1 with posterior margin excavated, angle subacute; epimera of pleon segment 5 slightly divergent; telson with a medial longitudinal ventral groove into which the uropod endopodites fit; apex slightly convex, angles rounded. L. Genus RHODESILLO Ferrara & Taiti, Rhodesillo insulanus n. sp. (Figs ). Specimens examined.- Fernando Po: 11 spec. (ld' holotype), Moka, 1400 m, leg. L. Fea, II.1902 (MG). (1) The presence of these structures on pleon segments 3-4 is not mentioned in VANDEL's diagnosis (1977) of Sphaerilloides. Examination of the type-material of Armadillo testudinalis from Nicobar islands, and VANDEL's mat-::rial, proved their existence.

27 136 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA 103 'VtJ ~ ' '~" ~ Figs Pseudolobodillo principensis n. gen. n. sp.: cephalon, frontal (Fig. 101), dorsal (Fig. 102) and lateral (Fig. 103) view; pereon segments 1-2, lateral view (Fig. 104); pereon segment 1, ventral view (Fig. 105); lateral margin of pereon segments 1-2 (Fig. 106); pereon segment 2, lateral (Fig. 107) and ventral (Fig. 108) view; pereon segments 3-4, ventral view (Fig. 109); pereon segment 5, lateral (Fig. 110) and ventral (Fig. 111) view; pereon segments 6-7, ventral view (Fig. 112); pleon segments 3-5, ventral view (Fig. 113 ); telson and uropods (Figs 114 ). Description. - Size 3.5 mm (diameter). Yellowish. Cuticular structure with verrucae and very small triangular scale-spines. Cephalon, pereon, pleon and telson with prominent tubercles arranged as in Fig Cephalon with a deep frontal groove; frontal ridge protruding above the vertex; lower margin of groove terminates below in a triangular carina; ocelli not traceable. Pereon segment 1 deeply grooved on lateral margin; inner lobe of schisma ovate, protruding backwards compared to the outer one. Pereon segment 2 with a transverse ventral tooth. Epimera of pereon segments

28 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA oooooo oooooo ooooooooo Figs Rhodesillo insulanus n. sp.: scale-spines (Fig. 115); arrangement of tubercles (Fig. 116); cephalon frontal view (Fig. 117); pereon segment 1, lateral view (Fig. 118); lateral margin of pereon segment 1 (Fig. 119); pereon segment 2, ventral view (Fig. 120); telson and uropods (Fig. 121); antenna (Fig. 122). o: pereopod 7 (Fig. 123 ); pleopod 1, exopodite (Fig. 124 ), endopodite (Fig. 125).

29 138 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA 3-7 and of pleon segments 3-5 vertical and not thickened ventrally. Telson with short, rectangular distal part, apex truncate. Antenna short. Uropod protopodite trapezoidal, exopodite not visible. Five pairs of pleopods, all exopodites with respiratory areas. Male: pereopod 7 without specializations. Pleopod 1 as in Figs 124, 125. Remarks. - The ascription of this species to the genus Rhodesillo is preliminary. The only other species of this genus, R. sulcifrons Ferrara & Taiti, 1978 has eyes and uropod exopodites. Also the ornamentation is of a different type. M. Genus SYNARMADILLO Dollfus, 1892 The genus has already been treated in the first Part (FERRARA & ScHMALFUSS, 1976), where a generic diagnosis and an identification key for the species are given. 1. Synarmadillo aelleni n. sp. (Figs ). Specimens examined. - Gabon: 5d' d' ( 1 d' holotype), 2 'i? 'i?, 1 'i? juv., Grotte de Pahou, Lastourville, leg. V. Aellen and P. Strinati, 6.III (MHNG). Description. - Size 16 X 7.4 mm. Light brown with large pale spots. Back without tubercles but with very small scale-spines. Cephalon: about 2.7 times wider than long; profrons folded on vertex from which it is separated by a clear ridge; anteriorly the fold of the profrons is indicated by a very thin ridge; eyes with ommatidia. Pereon segment 1 with a tiny lateral margin slightly grooved along its length; outer lobe of schisma rounded, inner lobe protruding backwards. Epimera of pereon segments 2-3 with oblique triangular ventral teeth. Epimera of pleon segment 5 convergent. Telson long reaching posterior margin of uropod protopodite, sides concave, apex narrowly rounded. Antennae with second joint of flagellum 1.5 times longer than first. Uropod protopodite similar to the other species of the genus, exopodite inserted close to the posterior margin of protopodite. Male: pereopods 1-6 without specializations. Pereopod 7: ischium with straight sternal margin; merus with a brush of short spines on sternal margin. Pleopod 1: exopodite with a long triangular posterior lobe; endopodite with embricated scales near the apex. Remarks. - The new species is akin to S. insulanus Ferrara & Schmalfuss, 1976 from which it differs in the structure of the cephalon, pereon segment 1 and telson.

30 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA Synarmadillo albinotatus Budde-Lund, Synarmadillo albinotatus FERRARA & SCHMALFUSS, 1976, p. 101, figs; FERRARA & TAITI, 1979, p Type-material re-examined. - XII.1888 (ZMB No. 8215). Cameroon: 1d', Kribi, leg. Morgen, Records from West Africa. -Cameroon: Kribi (BUDDE-LUND, 1908); near Campo (FERRARA & ScHMALFuss, 1976). Distribution. - No other records are known. Remarks. - This holotype specimen ( 10 X 4 mm) completely agrees with the specimens described in our first paper. 3. Synarmadillo clausus Dollfus, Synarmadillo cf. clausus FERRARA & ScHMALFuss, 1976, p. 91, figs. Synarmadillo clausus FERRARA & TArn, 1979, p Specimens examined. - Ivory Coast: 10d' d', 13 '? '?, Bingerville, leg. I. Decelle, V.1962 (MRAC 51038); 4d'd', 2'? '?, Bingerville, leg. I. Decelle, XI.l962 (MRAC 51102). Records from West Africa.- Ivory Coast: Assinie (DoLLFUS, 1892); Sassandra (PAULIAN DE FELICE, 1940a). Sierra Leone (VANDEL, 1964). Guinea: Kindia (FERRARA & ScHMALFuss, 1976). Distribution. - Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Guinea. Remarks. - The study of this material proves that the specimens tentatively ascribed to this species in our first paper are typical S. clausus. The maximum dimensions of the specimens quoted above are 16 X 7.2 mm. 4. Synarmadillo cristifrons (Hilgendorf, 1893). Synarmadillo cristifrons FERRARA & SCHMALFUSS 1976, p. 103; FERRARA & TAITI 1979, p Synarmadillo feai FERRARA & SCHMALFUSS 1976, p. 97, figs; FERRARA & TAITI 1979, p Type-material re-examined. - Cameroon: 1 '?, 12 X 5 mm long, leg. Morgen, XII.1888 (ZMB No ). Specimens examined. - date? (ZMB No ). Cameroon: 1 '?, «Bipindihof», leg. Zenker, Records from West Africa. - Cameroon: Victoria (FERRARA & ScHMALFuss, 1976); Kribi (HILGENDORF, 1893 ). Distribution. - Southwest Cameroon.

31 140 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA Remarks. - We re-examined the type-material of Periscyphis cristifrons Hilgendorf, The tube contained two specimens, a c3' Synarmadillo globus Budde-Lund, 1908, 20 mm long, and a S? Synarmadillo feai Ferrara & Schmalfuss, 1976, 12 mm long. However, HILGENDORF's description of Periscyphis cristifrons (1893, p. 152) speaks only of one S? 12 mm long, so the globus-d' must have been put into the tube later. This means that Synarmadillo feai Ferrara & Schmalfuss, 1976 is a junior synonym of Synarmadillo cristifrons (Hilgendorf, 1893 ). The unpublished specimen recorded above is considerably longer than the type-specimens of S. cristifrons and feai. The key in FERRARA & ScHMALFUSS (1976, p. 88), must therefore be altered: line 6 «Animals of medium size (up to 16 mm)...». 5. Synarmadillo diversus Paulian de Felice, Synarmadillo diversum FERRARA & SCHMALFUSS, 1976, p. 104; FERRARA & TAITI, 1979, p Records from West Africa. -Cameroon: Bambouto Mts (PAuLIAN DE FELICE, 1940a). 0. Distribution. -No other records are known. 6. Synarmadillo globus Budde-Lund, 1908 (Fig. 134). Synarmadillo globus FERRARA & SCHMALFUSS, p. 88, figs; FERRARA & TAITI, 1979, p Kamerunillo sulcatus VERHOEFF, 1942, p. 86, figs; FERRARA & TAITI, 1979, p Specimens re-examined. - Cameroon: 1 c3', Buea, 950 m, leg. Dr Preuss, l.i-l.iv.1891 (ZMB No. 8707) (published by HILGENDORF, 1893 as Periscyphis cristifrons ); 1 c3', 1 S?, Barombi-Station, leg. Dr Preuss, l.i-l.iv.1891 (ZMB No. 8708) (published by HILGENDORF, 1893 as Periscyphis cristifrons);? 1d', Kribi, leg. Morgen, XII.1888 (ZMB No. 8214) (mislabelled? Compare under Synarmadillo cristifrons ). Specimens examined.- Cameroon: 5d' c3', 2 S? S?, Duala, leg. Schaefer, date? (ZMB No ); 1 c3', 2 S? S?, Longji, leg. Paschen, date? (ZMB No ); 2d' c3', 1 S?, maximum dimensions 25 X 11.5 mm ( S? ), «Bipindihof»,leg. Zenker, date? (ZMB No ; 2d' c3' (one with abnormal telson, see Fig. 134), leg. Paschen, date? (ZMB No ); 1 S?, Kumba, leg.].]. Van Mol, 31.VIII.1968 (MRAC 53082); 1d', Buea, leg.].]. Van Mol, 2.IX.1968 (MRAC ). Records from West Africa. - Fernando Po. Distribution. -Cameroon and Fernando Po. Cameroon: Mount Cameroon region.

32 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 141 r ~-- ' ~ ~ r 132 I \, I! Figs Synarmadillo aelleni n. sp.: cephalon, frontal (Fig. 126) and dorsal (Fig. 127) view; cephalon and pereon segment 1, lateral view (Fig. 128); telson and left uropod (Fig. 129); right uropod (Fig. 130). c: pereopod 7 (Fig. 131); pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 132); apex of pleopod 1 endopodite (Fig. 133 ). Fig Synarmadillo globus Budde-Lund, 1908: telson and uropod of an anomalous specimen. Remarks. - A re-examination of the specimens published by HILGENDORF ( 1893) under the name of Periscyphis cristifrons revealed that the type-specimen is conspecific with Synarmadillo feai Ferrara & Schmal-

33 142 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA fuss, 1976, while the specimens from Buea and Barombi Station belong to S. globus as we assumed in our 1976 paper (p. 104). In our opinion there is no doubt as to the synonymy of Kamerunillo sulcatus and S. globus. All the characters given by the German author (structure of the cephalon and of pereon segments 1-2, and shape of the telson and uropods) correspond to those of S. globus. The size of the specimen described by VERHOEFF (23 mm) and site of collection, Buea, where S. globus is very common, confirm our opinion. 7. Synarmadillo insulanus Ferrara & Schmalfuss, Synarmadillo insulanus FERRARA & ScHMALFUSS, 1976, p. 97, figs; FERRARA & TAITI, 1979, p Specimens examined. - Cameroon: 1 9, Duala, leg. Schaefer, date? (ZMB No ). Remarks. -This is the first record of this species from the mainland; previously it was known only from the island of Fernando Po. 8. Synarmadillo parvulus n. sp. (Figs ). Specimens examined. - Togo: 1cf (holotype), Alokoegbe, leg. M. Delchambre, VI.1974 (MRAC 53960). Description. - Length ca 3 mm. Reddish-brown. Back without granulations equipped with many rounded scale-spines. Cephalon: about 1.5 times wider than long; frontal lamina folded on vertex; eyes relatively large, with 8-10 ommatidia. Pereon segment 1: lateral margin grooved along its length; posterior margin straight, largely rounded angle; inner lobe of schisma rounded, protruding backwards compared to the outer one. Epimera of pereon segments 2-3 with the usual triangular ventral teeth. Epimera of pleon segment 5 convergent. Telson triangular, sides straight, apex narrowly rounded. Antennae short and thickset with second segment of flagellum equipped with some aesthetascs. Pereopods short and thickset. All pleopod exopodites with pseudotracheae. Pleopod 1: exopodite obovate; endopodite with apex straight and equipped with small denticulation on the outer margin. Pleopod 2: endopodite very long as in all other species of Synarmadillo. Uropod: rectangular protopodite, exopodite inserted almost in the middle of the dorsal surface of protopodite. Remarks. - In our opinion this specimen is an adult. S. parvulus differs from the other species of Synarmadillo by the presence of scalespines, the structure of the cephalon, pereon segment 1, telson, uropods and pleopod 1.

34 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 143 \~~ (II l j 141 \\C 144 Figs Synarmadillo parvulus n. sp., o: structure of cuticle with scalespines (Fig. 135); scale-spine (Fig. 136); cephalon, frontal (Fig. 137) and dorsal (Fig. 138) view; pereon segment 1, lateral view (Fig. 139); telson and uropods (Fig. 140); antenna (Fig. 141); pereopod 1 (Fig. 142); pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 143); apex of pleopod 1 endopodite (Fig. 144); pleopod 2 (Fig. 145); uropod (Fig. 146). 9. Synarmadillo vicinus Paulian de Felice, Synarmadi/10 vicimon FERRARA & SCHMALFUSS, 1976, p. 104; FERRARA & TAITT, 1979, p Records from West Africa.- Cameroon: Makak (PAULIAN DE FELICE, 1940a). Distribution. -No other records are known.

35 144 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA N. Genus ToGARMADILLO n. gen. Type-species: Periscyphis nigropunctatus Hilgendorf, Diagnosis. - Able to conglobate; back without tubercles or spines; head with pronounced triangular frontal protrusion, frontal line missing; hind corner of pereon epimera 1 with schisma, inner and outer lobe subequal; schisma continued frontally into a groove for about half the length of the epimeron which is thickened laterally; epimera of pereon segments 2-3 with small ventral endolobi; epimera of pleon segment 5 strongly convergent; telson triangular with concave sides, apex pointed; all five pleopod exopodites with pseudotracheae; well-developed, terminal uropod exopodite. Remarks. - Togarmadillo belongs to the Armadillidae of the Synarmadillo-group. It differs from Synarmadillo and Ethelumoris essentially in the structure of cephalon, lack of a complete groove on the lateral margin of pereon segment 1, structure of uropods; and from Gabunillo in the structure of cephalon and pereon segment Togarmadillo nigropunctatus (Hilgendorf, 1893) (Figs ). Periscyphis nigropunctatus HILGENDORF, 1893, p Synarmadillo nigropunctatus FERRARA & SCHMALFUSS, 1976, p. 103; FERRARA & TAITI, 1979, p Type-material re-examined. - Togo: 1 d', 6?? (maximum dimensions 10 X 4 mm) and 6 dried specimens, Bismarckburg ( = Kasanga), leg. Dr Buttner, VI.l891 (ZMB No. 8698). Specimens examined. - Togo: 1?, Bismarckburg, leg. Dr Buttner, date? (ZMB No ); 2??, Bismarckburg and Bato, leg. Dr Buttner, XI.l891 (ZMB No. 8699); 1?, Bismarckburg, leg. Conradt, 14.V-1l.VI (ZMB No. 9069); 4d' d', 4??, Bismarckburg, leg. Dr Buttner, date? (ZMB No ). Since the original description (lacking any drawings) is useless for a recognition of the species, a re-description is given here. Maximum dimensions: 11 X 4.5 mm ( d' ). Discoloured by conservation. According to HILGENDORF ( 1893, p. 153) the species has one or more rows of blackish dots on each tergite, and a greenish-brown ground colour with dark epimera and hind margins of the tergites. Without granulations but with cuticle covered by a pattern of small scaly structures. Cephalon: pronounced side-lobes in front of eyes; profrons with triangular protrusion; frontal line missing. Eyes with 11 ommatidia. Pereon segment 1: hind corner of epimera with deep schisma, the two lobes of equal length; the schisma continues into a groove in the epimeral «thickening», disap-

36 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA ' ~,, I //! ',, I ) /) Figs Togarmadillo nigropunctatus (Hilgendorf, 1893): cephalon, dorsal view (Fig. 147); pereon segment 1 (Fig. 148); telson and uropods (Fig. 149); antenna, fifth joint of peduncle and flagellum (Fig. 150). o: pereopod 7 (Fig. 151); pleopod 1, exopodite (Fig. 152), endopodite (Fig. 153).

37 146 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA pearing in the frontal third of the «thickening»; this frontal part is in a nearly vertical position comparable to that in the armadillid genus Sphaerillo Verhoeff, Pereon segments 2-3: epimera on inner side with small ridge-like endolobi. Pleon: epimera of segment 5 strongly convergent. Telson: triangular, apex pointed, sides strongly concave. Antenna: second joint of flagellum about twice the length of the first one. Uropods: welldeveloped exopodite terminal, in situ as long as inner elongated corner of protopodite. Male: pereopod 7 see Fig Pleopod 1: exopodite with pronounced pointed inner lobe; endopodite with slender apex pointing outwards. 0. Genus TuBERDILLO Arcangeli, 1941 Type species: Diploexochus (Tuberdillo) Legai Arcangeli, ARCANGELI ( 1941) established T uberdillo as a subgenus of Diploexochus, assigning it the new species legai from Ethiopia, the two species from Zaire, Cubaris (Diploexochus) regulus Van Name, 1920 and Cubaris (Diploexochus) bananae Van Name, 1920 and, tentatively, Diploexochus bituberculatus Budde-Lund, 1910 and Diploexochus nanus Budde-Lund, 1910, both from eastern Africa. The definition is very poor and the only character pointed out is the group of dorsal tubercles. Subsequently ARCANGELI (1950) considered Tuberdillo as a subgenus of Pararmadillo Arcangeli, 1934 and then (1957) of Venezillo Verhoeff, We studied T. regulus and T. bananae and three other closely related species not only for the presence of dorsal tubercles - a fairly common trait among Armadillidae -but also for traits relevant to volvation which greatly help to distinguish this group of species. We conclude that Tuberdillo is a good genus, close to but distinct from V enezillo, which we define as follows. Cephalon, pereon, and often pleon and telson with more or less developed costae and/or tubercles, arranged on pereon in alternate rows (segment 1 with four rows, segments 2-7 with two rows); cephalon with frontal lamina protruding above the vertex; pereon and pleon epimera and telson aimed more or less obliquely outward; pereon segment 1 with epimera raised, normally not grooved laterally, schisma shallow, separating two very divaricate lobes, external lobe truncated transversally, internal one rounded; internal lobe of segment 2, tooth-shaped, rectangular, akin to that of V enezillo but definitely more separated from the epimeron and grooved internally; epimera with a deep longitudinal dorsal depression; pereon segments 2-7 with a longitudinal ridge at the epimera fold; epimera rectangular; telson hour-glass-shaped with basal part normally with two

38 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 147 paramedial tubercles and distal part bent outwards in an arc, apex truncate; antenna short and thickset; uropod with protopodite rectangular, exopodite tiny, inserted in the basal half. Remarks. - This genus is distinguished by its system of interlocking and conglobation. In fact, contrary to volvation in Venezillo, where the lobes of the first two pereon segments interlock alternately, in T uberdillo the internal and external lobes of pereon segment 2 align with the corresponding lobes of pereon segment 1 forming a large ventral groove. In Tuberdillo the frontal lamina is also markedly developed and the epimera and distal part of the telson point distinctly outwards. According to the description, Diploexochus fagei Paulian de Felice, 1940 from the Ivory Coast belongs to Tuberdillo. In our opinion Cubaris mineri Van Name, 1936 from South America must also be ascribed to this genus. VAN NAME (1936), who had noted the characteristic structure of the pereon segment 1, only tentatively assigned this species to the subgenus Venezillo (group III of Cubaris). VANDEL (1952) recognized the peculiarity of C. mineri, but nonetheless considered it to be a typical Venezillo, mantaining that the differences had only a specific and not a generic value. As these same traits are found in all the species of the genus T uberdillo, it should contain C. mineri as well ( 1 ). In our opinion the genus Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942 is a junior synonym of Tuberdillo: no differences should be discovered between the diagnoses of the «two» genera. The species are all very close to each other and the best taxonomic characters, together with the male modifications, are the shape, number and position of the tubercles. 1. Tuberdillo bananae (Van Name, 1920). Cubaris (Diploexochus) bananae VAN NAME, 1920, p. 97, figs. Diploexochus bananae PAVLIAN DE FELICE, 1940a, p Diploexochus (Tuberdillo) bananae ARCANGELI, 1941, p Pararmadillo (Tuberdillo) bananae ARCANGELI, 19.50, p. 7. Pararmadillo (Tubertillo) (sic!) Bananae BRIAN, 1953, p. 13. Venezillo (Tuberdillo) bananae ARCANGELT, 1957, p Venezillo bananae FERRARA & TAITI, 1979, p Records from West Africa. - Zaire: Banana (VAN NAME, 1920); Boma (ARCANGELI, 1950). Distribution. - Also known from Zaire east of the Congo River (Zambi and Matadi) and Angola (Damba). (1) ARCANGELI (1957, p. 121) institutes - without definition - the new subgenus of Venezillo, Vandelillo, for the species mineri. If our assumption is correct, V andelillo is a junior synonym of T uberdillo.

39 148 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA Remarks. - We examined the specimens quoted by ARCANGELI ( 1950 ). A new description is unnecessary because these specimens fit perfectly the one provided by VAN NAME ( 1920 ). In any case this species surely belongs to the genus T uberdillo and is easily distinguished from the other West African species of Tuberdillo by the very faintly developed tubercles. 2. Tuberdillo fagei (Paulian de Felice, 1940). Dip/oexochus Fagei PAULIAN DE FELICE, 1940a, p. 151, figs. Venezillo (Tuberdillo) Fagei ARCA>:GELI, 1957, p Venezillo fagei FERRARA & TAITI, 1979, p Records from West Africa. - FELICE, 1940a). Ivory Coast: Sassandra (PAULIAN DE Distribution. -Only known from the type-locality. Remarks. - In our opinion this species belongs to the genus Tuberdillo, even if a re-examination of the type-material is necessary not only to place it in the correct genus but also to complete its specific description. 3. Tuberdillo gabunensis n. sp. (Figs 154, 158, 159). Specimens examined. - Gabon: 1 9, Lambarene, leg. L. Fea, I (MG). Description. - Size 5.5 X 2.5 mm. Brownish. Cuticle with honeycombed structure (character common to all the species). Back with tubercles and costae arranged as in Fig Cephalon: frontal lamina distinctly protruding above the vertex, upper margin slightly convex, right angles; big eyes with ommatidia. Pereon segment 1 with a deep concavity at the base of the epimeron which points outwards in a nearly horizontal direction; posterior margin laterally subtruncate, inner lobe of schisma rounded, not visible in dorsal view. Inner lobe of pereon segment 2 large, with parallel sides, rounded apex. Telson wider than long, basal and distal parts subequal, apex truncate, angles rounded. Uropods as in the other species, i.e. protopodite with rectangular distal part, endopodite very short, minute exopodite inserted far from posterior margin of protopodite. Remarks. - Because of the number of tubercles on pleon and telson this species corresponds to T. fagei. Unfortunately the number of the tubercles of the pereon segments is not known. According to PAULIAN DE FELICE (1940a, p. 152)- on segments 2-7- the anterior row of tubercles is distinct while «souvent le trois tubercules centraux du rang posterieur seuls dis tincts»: in the new species all the tubercles are well-developed. Moreover the telson is completely different.

40 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA oooooo oooooo oooooo oooooo ooooooo ooooooo 0 oooooo oooooo oooooo oooooo oooooo ooooooo ooooooo oooo 0 g ~ ~ g 0 og~oooooooggo oo 0 0 oo o 0 IP ooooo 00 0 o 0 0 0" "o 0 0 oocf' o o u ""Oo Figs Arrangement of tubercles of T uberdillo gabunensis n. sp. (Fig. 154 ), T. guinensis n. sp. (Fig. 155), T. regulus (Van Name, 1920) (Fig. 156) and T. strinatii n. sp. (Fig. 157).

41 150 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA 4. Tuberdillo guinensis n. sp. (Figs 155, ). Specimens examined. - Guinea: 5 spec. ( 1 o" holotype), Camayenne, leg. F. Silvestri, X.1912 (MT). Description.- Size 4 X 2 mm. Yellowish. Tubercles oblong, narrow, arranged as in Fig Cephalon with frontal lamina distinctly protruding above the vertex, upper margin straight, right angles; eyes small with 7-8 ommatidia. Pereon segment 1 with inner lobe of schisma not visible in lateral view, outer lobe distinctly bent outwards. Inner lobe on pereon segment 2 small, ovate. Telson with distal part narrower than the basal part; posterior margin truncate, right angles. Uropods as in all the other species. Male: pereopods without specializations. Pleopod 1: exopodite with large ovate inner lobe; endopodite with apex bent outwards as in T. bananae, T. regulus and T. strinatii n. sp. Pleopod 2 as in Fig Remarks. - This species is very close to T. gabunensis from which it differs by (i) the presence of fewer ommatidia; (ii) having smaller inner lobes of pereon segments 1-2; (iii) the shape of telson; (iv) the presence of four instead of two tubercles on pleon segment Tuberdillo regulus (Van Name, 1920) (Figs 156, ). Cubaris (Diploexochus) regulus VAN NAME, 1920, p. 100, figs. Diploexochus regulus PAULlAN DE FELICE, 1940a, p Diploexochus (Tuberdillo) regulus ARCANGELI, 1941, p Pararmadillo (Tuberdillo) regulus ARCANGELI, 1950, p. 6, figs. Venezillo (Tuberdillo) regulus ARCANGELI, 1957, p Venezillo regulus FERRARA & TAITI, 1979, p Records from West Africa. - GELI, 1950). Distribution. - the Congo River. Angola: Sassa-Zao (Cabinda) (ARCAN Also known from several localities in Zaire east of Remarks. -We studied many specimens of this species from various parts of Zaire which are outside our area of West Africa. VAN NAME ( 1920) and ARCANGELI (1950) described and iliustrated T. regulus which is readily distinguished by the structure, number and position of tubercles, shape of pereopod 7 and pleopod 1 exopodite in male. We have added the illustrations of the main morphological characters which are similar to those of the other species. 6. Tuberdillo strinatii n. sp. (Figs 157, ). Specimens examined. - Congo: 44 spec. (1d' holotype), Grotte de Kila-Tari, leg. V. Aellen and P. Strinati, 1l.VIII.1957 (MHNG).

42 158 '-~0 159 \161 /----~ <\ \ J / / n 1621 I I \ ~ 160 ~. \\:-j( ~ 166 (L3L 169 w Figs 158, Tuberdillo gabunensis n. sp.: pereon segments 1-2, lateral view (Fig. 158); pereon segments 1-4, ventral view (Fig. 159). Figs Tuberdillo guinensis n. sp., o: pereon segments 1-2, ventral view (Fig. 160); pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 161); apex of pleopod 1 endopodite (Fig. 162); pleopod 2 (Fig. 163 ). Figs Tuberdillo regulus (Van Name, 1920): lateral view (Fig. 164); cephalon, dorsal view (Fig. 165); pereon segments 1-2, lateral view (Fig. 166); pereon segment 2, ventral view (Fig. 167); lateral margins of pereon segments 1-2 (Fig. 168); telson and left uropod (Fig. 169). o: pereopod 7 (Fig. 170); pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 171).

43 152 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA Description.- Size X mm. Yellowish. Costae and elongated tubercles arranged as in Fig Some specimens present the following variations: fusion between tubercles a and b occurs in pereon segments 1-3; fusion of tubercle c in the costa more or less complete, i.e., the tubercle can remain visible or - in the posterior segments - disappear entirely.,\ ~ 172 ~l tj 174 (j[~1~ Figs Tuberdillo strinatii n. sp.: cephalon, lateral view (Fig. 172); cephalon and pereon segments 1-2 (Fig. 173 ); pereon segment 2, ventral view (Fig. 174); telson and uropods (Fig. 175); o pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 176). Somatic traits similar to those of the preceding species but: epimeron of pereon segment 1 more bent outward creating, posteriorly, a distinct division between the lobes of schisma; tooth on pereon segment 2 bigger; telson with distal part much narrower than the basal part. Male: pereopod 7 without specializations. Pleopod 1: exopodite with very short inner lobe; endopodite as in T. guinensis. Remarks. - This species is readily distinguished from all the others by the number and position of the tubercles on pereon segments and by the absence of tubercles on pleon. P. Genus VENEZILLO Verhoeff, 1928 The genus V enezillo has been thoroughly defined and discussed (VERHOEFF, 1928, 1933; VANDEL, 1952; ARCANGELI, 1957) thus a new definition is not necessary. The genus is widespread in America and Africa; two species are found respectively on the Cape Verde and Canary islands and two in West Africa.

44 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA V enezillo berlandi (Paulian de Felice, 1940 ). Diploexochus Berlandi PAULIAN DE FELICE, 1940b, p. 59, figs. Venezillo berlandi VANDEL, 1954, p Venezillo Berlandi ARCANGELI, 1957, p Specimens examined. - Senegal: 1 <;J, Mbar E of Diourbel, under dead tree-trunk (very dry), leg. C. Pfau, 30.IV.1971 (SMNS). Records from West Africa. - under study. Distribution b). Not recorded previously in the area Rio de Oro: Villa Cisneros (PAULIAN DE FELICE, Remarks. - The specimen ( 4 mm long) perfectly fits the description of D. berlandi given by PAuLIAN DE FELICE, thus a new one is not necessary. 2. Venezillo crassus (Budde-Lund, 1904) (Figs ). Armadillo crassus BUDDE LUND, 1904, p Armadillo officina/is OZORJO, 1892, p. 202 (1). Venezillo crassus FERRARA & TArn, 1979, p Specimens examined. - Sao Tome: 38 spec., Ribeira Palma, m, leg. L. Fea, VII-IX.1900 (MG); 5 spec., Agua Ize, m, leg. L. Fea, X.1900 (MG); 1 spec., Sao Tome (town), leg. L. Fea, VI.1900 (MG); 9 spec., leg. W. H. Toms, 4.XI.1932 (BM No. 166); 1 spec., voisin Pr. Samerica, km 16, leg. G. Schmitz, 10.X.1973 (MRAC 54122); 1 spec., Aguazo (Morro Carregado, cote N, km 18), leg G. Schmitz, 16.X.1973 (MRAC ); 1 spec., Colline Mukinki, 300 m, route NO, km 12, leg. G. Schmitz, 16.X.1973 (MRAC 54110); 5 spec., Monte Cafe, 800 m, leg. G. Schmitz, 19.X.1973 (MRAC 54120); 13 spec., Savanne Baobab, cote N, km, leg. G. Schmitz, 8-10.X.1973 (MRAC 54109). Records from West Africa. - Sao TllJme (OzoRIO, 1892; BuDDE LuND, 1904). Principe (OzoRIO, 1892). Distribution. - Known only from these islands. Description. -Up to 18 mm (according to 0ZORIO, 20 mm). Greyish with light spots. Back smooth, brilliant. Cephalon with frontal margin protruding slightly above the vertex; profrons a little depressed in the middle; eyes with more than 30 ommatidia arranged in four rows. Pereon (1) In the same paper (p. 230) OzORIO doubtfully quotes Armadillo nigricans Brandt, 1833 from Sao Tome. This identification is certainly wrong but prior to a re-examination of OzoRro's material nothing can be said about the correct systematic position of these specimens.

45 154 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA l-~ V\J 184 /v, 186 ~ -.,' 185 ~ A~ ~ Figs Venezillo eras sus (Budde-Lund, 1904 ): cephalon, frontal (Fig. 177), dorsal (Fig. 178) and lateral (Fig. 179) view; pereon segments 1-2, lateral (Fig. 180) and ventral (Fig. 181) view; telson and left uropod (Fig. 182); flagellum of antenna (Fig. 183); right uropod (Fig. 184). o: pereopod 7 (Fig. 185); pleopod 1 exopodites (Fig. 186); apices of pleopod 1 endopodite (Fig. 187); pleopod 1 exopodite (Fig. 188). segment 1 with lateral margin thickened; outer lobe of schisma rounded, inner lobe ovate. Epimera of pereon segment 2 ventrally with a transverse triangular tooth. Epimera of pereon segment 4-7 with a transverse ventral

46 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 155 ridge (VERHOEFF's Querleiste). Pleon epimera 3-5 well-developed, quadrangular, epimera of segment 5 divergent. Telson hour-glass-shaped, short, posterior margin slightly convex. Antenna with first segment of flagellum longer than second. Uropod with very small exopodite. Male: pereopod 7, ischium with sternal margin straight. Pleopod 1 exopodite and apices of endopodite as in Figs 186, 187. Pleopod 2 exopodite with a long triangular posterior lobe. Remarks. - This species is typified by the large size, the structure of cephalon, pereon segment 1, telson and uropods. 1. «Diploexochus» sp. Q. Genus DIPLOEXOCHUS Brandt, 1833 Diploexochus sp. PAULIAN DE FELICE, 1940a, p Records from West Africa. - Cameroon: Mount Cameroon, m. Remarks. - Obviously the specimen quoted by PAULIAN DE FELICE does not belong to the genus Diploexochus Brandt, 1833 which at the moment includes only the type-species D. echinatus Brandt, 1833 from Central and South America. SUMMARY In West Africa the family Armadillidae at present includes 16 genera and 33 species. Six new genera (Annobodillo, Feadillo, Gabunillo, Paraxenodillo, Pseudolobodillo and Togarmadillo) and 17 new species are described. The genera Anchicubaris Collinge, 1920, Cristarmadillo Arcangeli, 1950, Ethelumoris Richardson, 1907, Laureola Barnard, 1960, Polyacanthus Budde-Lund, 1909 and Tuberdillo Arcangeli, 1941 are re-defined. Praelaureola Vandel, 1973 is considered to be a junior synonym of Laureola Barnard while Laureola Vandel, 1973 nee Barnard, is established as a new genus, Pseudolaureola. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 16 Gattungen und 33 Arten gehoren zur Familie Armadillidae in West-Afrika. Sechs Gattungen (Annobodillo, Feadillo, Gabunillo, Paraxenodillo, Pseudo!obodillo und Togarmadillo ), und 17 Arten werden hier als neu beschrieben. Fi.ir die Gattungen Anchicubaris Collinge, 1920,

47 156 H. SCHMALFUSS and F. FERRARA Cristarmadillo Arcangeli, 1950, Ethelumoris Richardson, 1907, Laureola Barnard, 1960, Polyacanthus Budde-Lpnd, 1909 und Tuberdillo Arcangeli, 1941 werden neue Diagnosen gegeben. Die Gattung Praelaureola Vandel, 1973 wird als Synonym von Laureola Barnard betrachtet, fiir Laureola sensu VANDEL wird die neue Gattung Pseudolaureola aufgestellt. REFERENCES ARCANGELI, A Crustacea. Isopoda, pp In: Missione Biologica Sagan-Omo. Zoologia. 6. Myriapoda, Arachnida, Tardigrada, Crustacea, Mollusca. Vol. 12. Roma: Reale Accademia d'italia, Centro Studi per l'africa Orientale Italiana, 314 pp. ARCANGELI, A Isopodi terrestri, pp. 1-80, pls I-CXXI. In: Exploration du Pare National Albert. Mission H. Damas ( ). Fasc. 15. Bruxelles: Institut des Pares Nationaux du Congo Belge. ARCANGELI, A I generi Diploexochus, Venezillo, Pararmadillo. Crostacei Isopodi terrestri. Boll. Ist. Mus. Zoo!. Univ. Torino 5 ( ): BARNARD, K. H Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. No. 11. Terrestrial Isopoda. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 30: BARNARD, K. H Terrestrial Isopoda from the Transvaal. Ann. Natal Mus. 15: BRIAN, A Determinazione di Isopodi marini e terrestri provenienti dall'angola, coll'aggiunta della descrizione di una rara specie di Porcellio raccolta nella Guinea Portoghese. Isopodi d'angola raccolti dal Prof. Dartevelle. Genova: Tip. C. Badiali, 19 pp., 2 pls. BUDDE-LUND, G Crustacea Isopoda terrestria per Familias et Genera et species descripta. Hauniae, 320 pp. BunnE-LUND, G A revision of «Crustacea Isopoda terrestria», with additions and illustrations. 2. Spherilloninae. 3. Armadillo. Kjobenhavn: H. Hagerup, pp , pis VI-X. BennE-LUND, G Isopoda von Madagaskar und Ostafrika mit Diagnosen verwandter Arten, pp , pis XII-XVII. In: Voeltzkow, Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren Wiss Ergebn. (Syst. Arb.) Stuttg., Band 2, Heft 4. DoLLFUS, A Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire d'assinie (Afrique Occidentale) en juillet et aout e Memoire. Crustaces isopodes terrestres. Annis Soc. ent. Fr. 61: , pl. 7. FERRARA, F. & H. SCHMALFUSS Terrestrial isopods from West Africa. Part 1: Family Eubelidae Budde-Lund, Monitore zool. ital. (N.S.) Suppl. 7: FERRARA, F. & S. TAITI A check-list of terrestrial isopods from Africa (south of the Sahara). Monitore zoo!. ita!. (N.S.) Suppl. 12: GREEN, A. J. A A study of Tasmanian Oniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda). Aust. }. Zool. 9: HILGENDORF, F Die von Herrn Dr. Buttner im Togolande gesammelten Onisci den und zwei neue Macruren. Sber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berl. 5: OzoRIO, B Nueva contribw;ao para a fauna carcinologica da ilha de St. Thome. Jorn. Sci. math. phys. nat. (2) 2: PAULIAN DE FELICE, L. 1940a. Onisco!des de Ia cote occidentale d'afrique. II. Tylidae, Ligiidae, Armadillidiidae. Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 65:

48 ARMADILLIDAE FROM WEST AFRICA 157 PAULIAN DE FELICE, L. 1940b. Contribution a!'etude des Onisco!des Africains. II. Isopodes terrestres recoltes en Cote d'ivoire par M. L. Chopard. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. Paris (2) 12: RICHARDSON, H Terrestrial isopods of the family Eubelidae, collected in Liberia by Dr. 0. F. Cook. Smithson. misc. Collns (quart. ser., 4) (Separately, Pub!. No. 1733) 50: SCHMALFUSS, H. & F. F1ERRARA Terrestrial isopods from West Africa. Part. 2: Families Tylidae, Ligiidae, Trichoniscidae, Styloniscidae, Rhyscotidae, Halophilosciidae, Philosciidae, Platyarthridae, Trachelipidae, Porcellionidae, Armadillidiidae. Monitore zoo!. ita!. (N.S.) Suppl. 11: VANDEL, A Etude des Isopodes terrestres recoltes au Venezuela par le Dr. G. Marcuzzi, suivie de considerations sur le peuplement du Continent de Gondwana. Memorie Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Verona 3: VANDEL, A Mission J. Cadenat aux iles du Cap Vert. Isopodes terrestres. Bull. lnst. fr. Afr. noire (A) 16: VANDEL, A De l'emploi des appareils respiratoires pour l'etablissement d'une classification rationnelle des lsopodes terrestres (Oniscoidea). Bull. Soc. zoo!. Fr. 89: VANDEL, A. 1973a. Les lsopodes terrestres de l'australie. Etude systematique et biogeographique. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (N.S.) (Ser. A, Zoo!.) 82: VANDEL, A. 1973b. Les lsopodes terrestres (Oniscoidea) de Ia Melanesie. Zoo!. Verh., Leiden 125: VANDEL, A. 1973c. Les lsopodes terrestres et cavernicoles de l'ile de Cuba, pp In: Resultats des Expeditions Biospeologiques Cubano-Roumaines a Cuba. Vol. I. Bucuresti: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, 424 pp. VANDEL, A Les Onisco'ides (lsopodes terrestres) de Ia Nouvelle Zelande et de l'archipel Kermadec. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (N.S.) (Ser. A, Zoo!.) 102: VAN NAME, W. G lsopods collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 43 ( ): VAN NAME, W. G The American land and freshwater isopod Crustacea. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 71: VERHOEFF, K. W lsopoda terrestria von Neu-Caledonien und den Loyaltylnseln, pp In: F. Sarasin & J. Raux. Nova Caledonia. A. Zoologie, Vol. 4. Muenchen: C. W. Kreidel's Verlag. VERHOEFF, K. W Ueber einige lsopoden der zoologischen Staatssammlung in Muenchen. 38. Isopoden-Aufsatz. Zoo!. Anz. 76: 25-36, VERHOEFF, K. W Neue lsopoda terrestria oos Mexiko und dem Mediterrangebiet. 50. Isopoden-Aufsatz. Zoo!. Anz. 103: VERHOEFF, K. W Ueber einige neue und bekannte Isopoda terrestria. 61. Isopoden-Aufsatz. Sber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Bed. (1936): VERHOEFF, K. W Aethiopische Isopoda terrestria des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums. 84. Isopoden-Aufsatz. Zoo!. Anz. 140: 1-26 (Part 1), (Part II), (Part III, Schluss). Address of the first author: Dr. HELMUT ScHMALFUSS, Staatliches Museum fi.ir Naturkunde Stuttgart, Arsenalplatz 3, 7140 Ludwigsburg (Deutschland).