PLAKAT FIGHTING FISH. The Siamese Fighting Fish and the Thai Scientist. Bhinyo Panijpan

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1 The Siamese Fighting Fish and the Thai Scientist Bhinyo Panijpan Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Important scientific papers on fighting fish published by Thai scientists in the last 20 years Jaroensutasinee, M., & Jaroensutasinee, K. (2001) Sexual size dimorphism and male contest in wild Siamese fighting fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 59, Jaroensutasinee, M., & Jaroensutasinee, K. (2001) Bubble nest habitat characteristics of wild Siamese fighting fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 58, Lertpanich, K. (2007) A study on Mahachai betta an integration of ecological and qualitative research. Proceeding of the International Conference on Integration of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development, Bangkok,Thailand April 2007, pp Lertpanich, K. & Aranyavalai, V. (2007) Species diversity, distribution and habitat characteristics of wild bubble nesting betta (Betta spp.) in Thailand. KMITL Science Journal, 7, Important scientific papers on fighting fish published by Thai scientists in the last 20 years Lertpanich, K. & Aranyavalai, V. (2010) Morphometry of wild bubble nesting bettas (Betta spp.) in Thailand. Proceeding of the 16th Agricultural Symposium and 1th Symposium on Agricultural Technology "Sufficiency Agriculture", pp Halfmoon Tail Halfmoon Tail Elephant Ear Monvises, A., Nuangsaeng, B., Sriwattanarothai, N. & Panijpan, B. (2009) The Siamese fighting fish: well-known generally but little-known scientifically. ScienceAsia, 35, 8 21 Crown Tail Betta splendens Pineapple Colour Sriwattanarothai, N., Steinke, D., Ruenwongsa, P., Hanner, R. & Panijpan, B. (2010) Molecular and morphological evidence supports the species status of the Mahachai fighter Betta sp. Mahachai and reveals new species of Betta from Thailand. Journal of Fish Biology, 77, Marble Colour Marble Colour Double Tail Photos by Atison Phumchoosri & Namkang Sriwattanarothai FIGHTING FISH Two groups-depending on parental care Genus Betta Species splendens PLAKAT smaragdina Nest Builders imbellis sticktos Mouth Brooders Monvises et al. (2009), Science Asia 35,

2 Earlier we established Betta sp. Mahachai as a new species by morphology and mtdna barcoding Conservation of Species Problems -- Flooding -- Excessive capture for export especially Betta sp. Mahachai Solutions -- Specialized agencies to breed and re-release into the wild Sriwattanarothai et al. (2010), J. Fish. Biol. 77(2), Meristics and Morphometric Data Counting of Scales Witte & Schmidt (1992), Ichthyol. Explor. Freshw. 2(4), Counting of Spines and Fin Rays DNA Sequencing Mitochondrial DNA (COI) [DNA Barcoding] Nuclear DNA (ITS)

3 The Four Known Nest Builders Habitats of Nest Builders Betta splendens (Central Fighting Fish) Betta smaragdina (North-Eastern Fighting g Fish) Betta imbellis (Southern Fighting Fish) Betta sp. Mahachai (Mahachai Fighting Fish) Habitats of Betta sp. Mahachai The Bubble Nest Gulf of Siam Gulf of Siam Betta prima Nest Builders Last Updated: 11-Oct-11 Mouth Brooders Other Mouth Brooders Last Updated: 11-Oct-11 3

4 Some Known Mouth-Brooders in Thailand (cont.) Betta picta group (cont.) Some Known Mouth-Brooders in Thailand (cont.) Betta waseri group Betta simplex Kottelat, 1994 Betta pi Tan, 1998 Critically endangered species In: IUCN IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version Habitats of Mouth-Brooders Habitats of Mouth-Brooders Betta prima Trichopsis (PLA GRIM) Aggressive Behavior of B. sp. Mahachai Trichopsis vittatus (Cuvier, 1831) Trichopsis pumilus (Arnold, 1937) Trichopsis schalleri (Ladiges, 1962) 4

5 Courtship of B. sp. Mahachai Spawning of B. smaragdina Courtship & Spawning of Mouth-Brooders Betta simplex Development of Embryonic and Larval Stage Betta macrostoma hatched 1 day 2 day 3 day 5 day 10 day 19 day 25 day 35 day Sex Change in Fighting Fish Sex Hormones Pollutants t Others Breeding Tank Conditions -- Nest builders -- Mouth brooder 5

6 Tank Management (1) -- Acidity/Alkalinity -- Salinity -- Hardness -- Substrate -- Temperature Tank Management (2) -- Lighting -- Pumping -- Filters -- Plants Aquarium Foods -- Artemia -- Mosquito larvae -- Dapnia -- Bloodworms -- Commerial dry foods Diseases and Medication -- Bacterial diseases e.g. Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium) -- Cotton Wool disease (bacteria and fungi) -- Velvet (Oodinium parasites) -- White spot or ich (Ichthyophthirius parasites) The Following Persons are Significant Contributors to This Work Dr. Bhinyo Panijpan Atison Phumchoosri Dr. Parames Laosinchai Dr. Pintip Ruenwongsa Contributors Tadsanai Jeenthong Chanon Kowasuphat Dr.Namkang Sriwattanarothai 6

7 Contributors Conclusions Bettas are waiting to be discovered by Thai scientists Some of the Siamese fighting g fish should have Thai names Dr. Waraporn Wanna Prince of Songkla University Dr. Amornrat Phongdara Prince of Songkla University Dr.Saengchan Senapin Mahidol University Ms. Kornsunee Phiwsaiya MahidolUniversity Commercial aspects have to base more on science and technology 7