Chordates 1. Biology 2

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Angelina Perkins
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1 Chordates 1 Biology 2

2 Kingdom Animals Eukaryotic Multicellular - Many cell types Heterotrophic Feed by ingestion No cell walls Diploid life cycle

3 Phylogenetic Tree Deuterostome Bilateral Symmetry 3 tissues Protostome Radial Symmetry 2 tissues no tissues Molt Don t molt Lophophore Chordates Echinoderms Arthropods Nematodes Annelids Molluscs Platyhelminthes Rotifer Lophophorates Ctenophora Cnidaria Porifera

4 Acoelomate Eucoelomate Platyhelminthes Gut Gut Pseudocoelomate coelom Gut Pseudocoel Nematoda Rotifera Annelida Arthropoda Tardigrada Molllusca Echinodermata Chordata

5 Phylum Echinodermata starfish and relatives larva - bilateral symmetry adults - radial symmetry spines unique water vascular system endoskeleton - numerous plates

6 Starfish Video from

7 Starfish Water Vascular System Textbook Fig Gonads Digestive System

8 Water Vascular System See handout Sieve plate ring canal radial canals tube feet

9 Arm Cross Section pincers digestive gland spines epidermis skeletal plates See handout gonads tube feet

10 Phylum Echinodermata Starfish Sea Urchin Sand Dollar Sea Cucumber

11 Phylum Chordata Possess at some point in life cycle notochord - dorsal stiffening rod dorsal hollow nerve cord pharyngeal gill pouches postanal tail 3 Subphyla

12 Subphylum Cephalochordata all 4 chordate characteristics in adult common name: lancelets <10 cm burrow in mud filter-feed

13 Subphylum Cephalochordata Internal Structure Lancelet See handout

14 Subphylum Urochordata tunicates - tough casing sea squirts incurrent & excurrent siphons mostly sessile filter-feeders

15 Subphylum Urochordata Internal Structure Sea Squirt See handout

16 Urochordata Larva Internal Structure Sea Squirt Larva See handout

17 Diversity of Tunicates Bluebell Tunicate Purple Tunicate Free-Swimming Tunicate

18 Subphylum Vertebrata all 4 chordate features in embryos notochord replaced by vertebrae skull endoskeleton of bone or cartilage large coelom 7 classes

19 Evolutionary Tree lungs amnionic egg limbs Mammals Reptiles & Birds Amphibians jaws bones Lobe-finned fish Ray-finned fish vertebrae ancestor tunicate larva Cartilaginous fish Jawless fish Tunicates Lancelets

20 Class Agnatha jawless fish no scales cartilaginous skeleton notochord persists some filter feeders some parasites lamprey hagfish

21 Class Chondrichthyes cartilaginous fish cartilaginous skeleton jaws dermal denticles (scales) some predators some filter-feeders shark rays and skates

22 Class Osteichthyes bony fish jaws scales gills covered by operculum most ray-finned (thin fins supported by thin bony rays) many swim bladder (buoyancy) very diverse

23 Bony Fish Structure Figure Vertebrate Diversity Lab

24 Bony Fish Diversity bluegill salmon salmon seahorse lionfish beta

25 Lobe-Finned Fishes small subgroup of bony fishes have fleshy fins supported by bones Coelacanths deep-sea Lungfish freshwater (Africa, S. America) have gills & lungs survive dry spells by burrowing/reducing metabolism

26 Class Amphibians both land and water thin, non-scaly skin eggs and larva aquatic, gills adult terrestrial, simple lungs most tetrapods (4-legged)

27 Salamanders and Newts elongated body 4 equal legs tail Red-spotted newt Spotted Salamander Mudpuppy

28 Frogs and Toads adult lacks tail large hind legs

29 The End

Biol Echinoderms & Chordates. But first a few words about Development

Biol Echinoderms & Chordates. But first a few words about Development Biol 1309 Echinoderms & Chordates 1 But first a few words about Development Blastula- zygote first develops into a hollow ball of cells Deuterostome - mouth second Protostome - mouth first Cleavage - describes