The Animal Kingdom. The Chordates
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1 The Animal Kingdom The Chordates
2 Phylum Hemichordata Hemichordata (hemi = half; chordata= cord) acorn worm entirely marine adults show 3 of 4 basic characteristics: 1) pharyngial pouches 2) dorsal tubular nerve chord 3) tail evolutionary link between echinoderm and chordates ciliated larvum resembles tornaria larvum of echinoderms
3 Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata (uro = tail; chordata= cord) Subphylum Cephalochordata (cephalo = head; chordata= cord) Subphylum Vertebrata (vertebrate = backbone)
4 Phylum Chordata All exhibit four chordata characteristics: 1) dorsal tubular nerve cord 2) notochord 3) pharyngial pouches 4) tail Deutrostomes chordates & echinoderms
5 Anatomy of a Chordate
6 Subphylum Urochordata sea squirts or tunicates notochord present only in free-swimming larvum notochord does not extend into head larvum is free-swimming but non-feeding adult is sessile filter feeder
7 Subphylum Urochordata sea squirts or tunicate Campbell p 631 Settle after brief free-swimming larvum existence. Attaches at anterior end. Metamorphosis begins. Body turns Tail, notochord, dorsal nerve cord, disappear.
8 Subphylum Cephalochordata head cord lancelet or Amphioxus notochord present throughout life extends into head region shallow marine waters chordate characteristics developed and apparent in adult tail has blocks of muscles called myotomes adults resemble tunicate larvum
9 Anatomy of a lancelet
10 Cephalochordata: lancelet
11 Subphylum Vertebrata General Characteristics: chordates with a backbone exhibit cephalization closed circulatory system neural crest (p. 633)
12 Subphylum Vertebrata Agnatha (without jaws) lamprey parasitic bloodsuckers w/ rasping tongue hagfish mainly scavengers no paired appendages larvum resembles lancelet
13 Agnatha: a sea lamprey
14 Lamprey mouth
15 Subphylum Vertebrata Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) flexible endoskeletons of cartilage strengthened by calcium granules sharks (internal fertilization) oviparous egg laying ovoviviparous retain fertilized eggs hatch within the uterus viviparous young develop in the uterus suspension-feeders (plankton)
16 Phylum Hemichordata Hemichordata (hemi = half; chordata= cord) acorn worm entirely marine adults show 3 of 4 basic characteristics: 1) pharyngial pouches 2) dorsal tubular nerve chord 3) tail evolutionary link between echinoderm and chordates ciliated larvum resembles tornaria larvum of echinoderms
17 Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata (uro = tail; chordata= cord) Subphylum Cephalochordata (cephalo = head; chordata= cord) Subphylum Vertebrata (vertebrate = backbone)
18 Phylum Chordata All exhibit four chordata characteristics: 1) dorsal tubular nerve cord 2) notochord 3) pharyngial pouches 4) tail Deutrostomes chordates & echinoderms
19 Anatomy of a Chordate
20 Subphylum Urochordata sea squirts or tunicates notochord present only in free-swimming larvum notochord does not extend into head larvum is free-swimming but non-feeding adult is sessile filter feeder
21 Subphylum Urochordata sea squirts or tunicate Campbell p 631 Settle after brief free-swimming larvum existence. Attaches at anterior end. Metamorphosis begins. Body turns Tail, notochord, dorsal nerve cord, disappear.
22 Subphylum Cephalochordata head cord lancelet or Amphioxus notochord present throughout life extends into head region shallow marine waters chordate characteristics developed and apparent in adult tail has blocks of muscles called myotomes adults resemble tunicate larvum
23 Anatomy of a lancelet
24 Cephalochordata: lancelet
25 Subphylum Vertebrata General Characteristics: chordates with a backbone exhibit cephalization closed circulatory system neural crest (p. 633)
26 Subphylum Vertebrata Agnatha (without jaws) lamprey parasitic bloodsuckers w/ rasping tongue hagfish mainly scavengers no paired appendages larvum resembles lancelet
27 Subphylum Vertebrata Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) flexible endoskeletons of cartilage strengthened by calcium granules sharks (internal fertilization) oviparous egg laying ovoviviparous retain fertilized eggs hatch within the uterus viviparous young develop in the uterus suspension-feeders (plankton)
28 Subphylum Vertebrata Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) Rays & skates Bottom feeders mollusks & crustaceans Whiplike tail w/ venomous barbs (defense)
29 Subphylum Vertebrata Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) Rays & skates Bottom feeders mollusks & crustaceans Whiplike tail w/ venomous barbs (defense)
30 Subphylum Vertebrata Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Endoskeleton of hard calcium phosphate matrix Operculum- protective flap Swim bladder controls buoyancy
31
32 Seahorse
33 Subphylum Vertebrata Amphibia first tetrapods ( two lives ) transition to land still tied to water for respiration and reproduction Gills lungs (metamorphosis) Frogs, toads, salamanders, newts
34
35
36 Subphylum Vertebrata Reptilia (Campbell, p. 644) (to creep) lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises, Gila monsters, crocodiles, alligators first true land animal Scales, lungs, amniotic egg no feathers cold-blooded ectotherms (energy conservation)
37
38 Hatching reptile
39 Subphylum Vertebrata Fossil links Evolutionary link?? between reptiles and birds: Archaeopteryx, a Jurassuc birdreptile Clawed forelimbs Teeth Long tail w/ vertebrae
40 Archaeopteryx
41 Subphylum Vertebrata Aves (bird) feathered few flightless: ostrich, kiwi, emu breastbone with keel carina permitting flight jays, sparrows, warblers, etc
42
43 Subphylum Vertebrata Mammalia (breast) Hair or fur of keratin Active metabolism = endothermic Efficient respiration w/ diaphragm Efficient circulation w/ 4-chambered heart Layer of fat Mammary glands, tooth differentiation
44 Subphylum Vertebrata Mammalia (breast) Monotremes egg-laying mammals (Platypuses & echidnas spiny anteaters) Placental mammals Marsupial mammals kangaroo, opossum
45
46 Marsupial Placental Marsupial & Placental Mammals
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