Anderson, R.O. (1976) Management of small warm water impoundments. Fisheries

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1 References Adams, C.E. (1991) Shift in pike, Esox lueius L., predation pressure following the introduction of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.) to Loch Lomond. J. Fish Biol., 38, Adelman, I.R. and Smith, 1.1. (1970a) Effect of hydrogen sulfide on northern pike eggs and sac fry. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 3, Adelman, I.R. and Smith, L.L. (1970b) Effect of oxygen on growth and food conversion efficiency of northern pike. Progve Fish-Cult., 32, Ahne, W. (1985) Viral infection cycles in pike (Esox lueius L.). Z. angew. Ichthyol., Aisa, A. (1976) Cisti de lare pleroceroidi di Triaenophorus lueii (Muller, 1776) nelle ovaie di Tinca tinca et di Esox lueius. Atti Soc. ital. Sei. vet., 29, Aisa, A. and Gattaponi, P. (1974) Triaenophorus lueii in Lake Trasimeno. Parassitologia (Rome), 16, Alessio, G. (1975) Recherche sulla biologia delluccio Esox lueius L. (Dsteichthyes, Esocidae) in Lomellina occidentale ed in una "valle" veneta. Boll. Pesca. Piseie. Idrobiol., 30, Alessio, G. (1983) Quelques aspects de la biologie et de l'elevage du brochet Esox lueius 1. en Italle, in Le Brochet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et eievage (ed. R. Billard), INRA, Paris, pp Alldridge, N.A. and White, A.M. (1980) Spawning site preferences for northern pike (Esox lueius) in a New York marsh with widely fluctuating water levels. Dhio J. Sei., 80(13), Amin, D.M. (1980) Fessisentis tichiganesis sp. nov. (Acanthocephala: Fessisentidae) from Wisconsin fishes, with a key to species. J. Parasitol., 66, Amin, D.M. (1981a) Leeches (Hirudinea) from Wisconsin, and a description of the spermatophore of Placobdella ornata. Trans. Am. microse. Soc., 100, Amin, D.M. (1981b) Dn the crustacean ectoparasites of fishes from Southeast Wisconsin. Trans. Am. microsc. Soc., 100, Amin, D.M. (1984) Camallanid and other nematode parasites of lake fishes in southeastern Wisconsin. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash., 51, Amin, D.M. (1986) Acanthocephala from lake fishes in Wisconsin: host and seasonal distribution of species of the genus Neoechinorhynchus Hamann, J. Parasitol., 72, Amoros, C. (1984) Crustaces cladoceres (introduction pratique a la systematique des organismes des eaux continentales franc;aises). Bull. mens. Soc. linn., Lyon, 53 e annee, no. 3-4, Amundsen, P.-A. and Kristoffersen, R. (1990) Infection of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.s.l.) by Triaenophorus crassus Forel (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea): a case study in parasite control. Can. J. Zool., 68, Anderson, R.D. (1973) Appllcation of theory and research to management of warmwater fish populations. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 102,

2 244 Re/erences Anderson, R.O. (1976) Management of small warm water impoundments. Fisheries (Bethesda), I, 5-7 and Andrews, E.F. (1989) A low-profile subsistence fishery: pike fishing in Minto Flats, Alaska. Arctic, 42, Anon. (1979) Fish raised to be helpful in sewage treatment. Water Wastes Engineering, 16, Anwand, K. (1969) Zur Methode der Altesbestimmung der Hechtes (Esox lueius 1.) an Schuppen. Z. Fischerei, 17(1-4), Anwand, K. and Grohmann, G. (1967) Besatzversuche mit Hechtbrut in Karpfenteichen. Z. Fischerei, 14, Applegate, R.L. (1983) Bidens achenes cause mortality in young muskellunge and walleyes. Progve Fish-Cult., 45, 107. Armstrong, J.D. (1986) Heart rate as an indicator of activity, metabolic rate, food intake, and digestion in pike, Esox lueius. J. Fish Bio1., 29A, Arrignon, J. (1972) Station experimentale d'elevage du brochet du Vivier du Gres (Oise). Bul1. Ir. Piseic., 246, Arrignon, J. (1976) Amenagement ecologique et piseicole des eaux douces, Gauthier Villard, Paris, 320 pp. Astanin, L.P. (1947) On the determination of the age of fishes. Zoo1. Zh., 26, Atton, F.M. and Merkowsky, J.J. (1983) Atlas 01 Saskatchewan Fishes. Saskatchewan Dept Parks Renewable Resources, Regina, tech. Rep Austen, P.J., Bayley, P.B. and Menzel, B.W. (1994) Importance of the Guild Concept to fisheries research and management. Fisheries, 19(6), Autko, B.F. (1964) Commercial and biological characterization of pike in the Kuibyskev Reservoir on the basis of data. Izvestiya Gosudarstvennogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Institua Ozernogo i Rechnogo Rybnogo Khozvaistva, 10, (In Russian) Axon, J.R. (1978) An evaluation of the muskellunge fishery in Cave Run Lake, Kentucky. Am. Fish. Soc. spec. Pub1., 11, Axon, J.R. (1981) Development of a muskellunge fishery at Cave Run Lake, Kentucky N. Am. J. Fish. Manage., 1, Babaluk, J.A. and Craig, J.F. (1990) Tetracycline marking studies with pike, Esox lueius L. Aquacult. Fish. Manage., 21, Backiel, T. (1985) Fall of migratory fish populations and changes in commercial fisheries in impounded rivers in Poland, in Habitat Modification and Freshwater Fisheries (ed. J.S. Alabaster), Butterworths, London, pp Bagenal, T.B. (1972) The variability of the catch from gill nets set for pike Esox lueius L. Freshwat. BioI., 2, Bagenal. T.B. (1978) Aspects of fish fecundity, in Ecology 01 Freshwater Fish Production (ed. S.D. Gerking), Blackwell, London, pp Bailey, R.M. and Smith, G.R. (1981) Origin and geography of fish fauna of the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sei., 38, Balon, E.K. (1975) Reproductive guilds of fishes: a proposal and definition. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., '32, Balushkin, A.V. and Chereshnev, LA. (1982) Systematics of the genus Dallia (Umbridae, Esociformes), in Taxonomy and Ecology 01 the Teleostean Fishes (ed. V.M. Korovinoy), Proc. Zoological Inst., Acad. Sci., U.S.S.R., Leningrad, pp Balvay, G. (1983) L'alimentation naturelle des alevins de brochet (Esox lueius L.) durant leur premier mois de vie, in Le Brachet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et elevage (ed. R. Billard), INRA, Paris, pp

3 References 245 Banarescu, P., Taiesescu, E. and Joswiak, G.R. (1983) The karyotype of Umbra krameri (Pisces: Umbridae) in relation to other members of the suborder Esocoidei. Biologist, 65, Banina, N.N. (1969) Changeability of the ciliates of the genus Apiosoma. Folia Parasitol., 16, Bardach, J.E., Ryther, J.H. and McLarney, W.O. (1972) AquacuIture - the Farming and Husbandry 0/ Freshwater and Marine Organisms, Wiley, New York. Barthelmes, D. (1994) Impact of intensive fishing pressure on fish populations in lakes of Eastern Germany, in Rehabilitation 0/ Freshwater Fisheries (ed. I.G. Cowx), Fishing News Books, Oxford, pp Barthelmes, D. and Waldow, H. (1978) Long term biological changes in the Grosse Mueggelsee (Berlin), some characteristics of its present status and previous fishing effects. 5. A summary of the fishing value of the biological changes observed in Grosse Mueggelsee. Z. Binnenfisch., 25, Bauer, O.N. (1984) Dpredelitel' Parazitov presnevodnykh ryb /auny SSSR. Tom I, Paraziticheskie prosteishne. Academiya Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut, Leningrad, 431 pp. (In Russian) Beckman, L.G. and Elrod, J.H. (1971) Apparent abundance and distribution of young-of-year fishes in Lake Oahe Am. Fish Soc. spec. Pub., 8, Beddington, J.R. and Cooke, J.G. (1983) The potential yield of fish stocks. FAD Fish. tech. Pap., no. 242, 47 pp. Beggs, G.L., Holeton, G.F. and Crossman, E.J. (1980) Some physiological consequences of angling stress in muskellunge, Esox masquinongy Mitchill. J. Fish Biol., 17, Bekesi, 1., Majoros, G. and Szabo, E. (1984) Mass appearance of a rhabdovirus in pike fry (Esox lueius L.) in Hungary. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja, 39, Belusz, 1.C. (1978) An evaluation of the muskellunge fishery of Lake Pommes de Terre and efforts to improve stocking success. Am. Fish. Soc. spec. Pub., 11, Berg, L.S. (1931) Classification of the order Esociformes. Bull. Acad. Sei. USSR, pp Berg, 1.S. (1936) Podotryad Escoidei (Pisces) [The suborder Escocoidei (Pisces)]. Izvestiya Biol. Inst. Permsk. Gos. Univ., 10, 9-10, Berg, L.S. (1962) Freshwater Fishes 0/ the U.S.S.R. and Adjacent Countries, Vol. 1, translated from Russian 4th edn (1948). Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 504 pp. Beukema, J.J. (1970) Acquired hook-avoidance in the pike Esox lueius L. fished with artificial and natural baits. J. Fish Biol., 2, Bevelhimer, M.S., Stein, R.A. and Carline, R.F. (1985) Assessing significance of physiological differences among three esocids with a bioenergetics model. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sei., 42, Beyerle, G.B. (1971) A study of two northern pike-bluegill populations. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 100, Beyerle, G.B. (1973) Growth and survival of northern pike in two smalliakes containing soft rayed fishes as the principal source of food. Rep. Mich. Dep. Nat. Resour. Fish. Div., no pp. Beyerle, G.B. and Williams, J.E. (1965) Contribution of northern pike fingerlings raised in a managed marsh to the pike population of an adjacent lake. Progve Fish-Cult., 35, Billard, R. (1970) Ultrastructure comparee de spermatozoides de quelques poissons

4 246 References teleosteens, in Comparative Spermatology (ed, B. Bacetti), Acad. Naz. Lincei. Quaderno, 137, Billard, R. (1977a) Utilisation d'un systeme tris-glycocolle pour tamponner le dilueur d'insemination pour la truite. Bull. Ir. Piscic., 264, Billard, R. (19 77b) A new technique of artificial insemination for salmonids using a sperm diluent. Fisheries, Billard, R. (1983a) Le Brachet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et elevage, INRA, Paris, 371 pp. Billard, R. (1983b) Resume de quelques problemes poses par l'eievage du brochet et sa gestion dans divers milieux, in Le Brachet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et elevage (ed. R. Billard), INRA, Paris, pp Billard, R. (1985) A summary of some problems of pike rearing and its management in various environments. Rev.!tal. Piscicol. Ittiopat., 20, Billard, R. (1986) Spermatogenesis and spermatology of some teleost fish species. Reprad. Nutr. Develop., 26, Billard, R. (1987) Testis growth and spermatogenesis in fish, the problem of the large interspecies variability in testis size, in Proc. 3rd int. Symp. Repr. Phys. Fish, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada (eds D.R. Idler, L.W. Crim and J.M. Walsh), Memorial Univ., St John's, pp Billard, R. (1988) Artificial insemination and gamete management in fish. Mar. Behav. Physiol., 14, Billard, R. (1990) Artificial insemination in fish, in Marshall's Physiology 01 Reproduction (ed. P. Lamming), Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp Billard, R. (1992) Reproduction in rainbow trout: sex differentiation, dynamics of gametogenesis, biology and preservation of gametes. Aquaculture, 100, Billard, R. and Flechon, J.E. (1969) Particularite de la piece intermediaire des spermatozoldes de que!ques poissons teleosteens (abstr.). J. Microscopie, 8, 36a. Billard, R. and Marce!. J. (1980) Stimulation of spermiation and induction of ovulation in pike Esox lucius. Aquaculture, 21, Billard, R., Meusy-Dessolles, N. and Flechon, J.E. (1971) Les cellules interstitielles de poissons teleosteens (abstr.). J. Microscopie, 11, 30 (abstract). Billard, R., J alabert, B. and Breton, B. (1972) Les cellules de Sertoli des poissons teleosteens. I. Etude ultrastructurale. Ann. Biol. animo Bioeh. Biophys., 12, Billard, R., Debruille, M., Gerard, J.P. and de Montalembert, G. de (1976) L'insemination artificielle du Brochet. Bull. Ir. Piscic., 262, Billard, R., Fostier, A., Weil, C. and Breton, B. (1982) The endocrine control of spermatogenesis in teleost fish. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sei., 39, Billard, R., Mackay, W.C. and Marce!, J. (1983a) Evolution de la gametogenese, du poids du corps et des gon ades au cours du cycle reproducteur du brochet Esox lucius, in Le Brochet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et eie vage (ed. R. Billard), INRA, Paris, pp Billard, R., Marce!, J. and Montalembert, G. de (1983b) Stimulation de la spermiation chez le brochet Esox lucius in Le Brochet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et eie vage (ed. R. Billard), INRA, Paris, pp Billard, R., Beiniarz, K., Popek, W., Epler, P. and Saad, A. (1988) Observations on a possible pheromonal stimulation of milt production in carp Cyprinus carpio L. Aquaculture, 77, Billard, R., Weil, C., Bieniarz, K., Mikolajczyk, T., Breton, B., Epler, P. and Bougoussa, M. (1992) Testicular and some hormonal changes during the first four years of life in the mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio L. J. Fish Biol., 41, Bimber, D.L. and Nicholson, S.A. (1981) Fluctuations in the muskellunge (Esox

5 References 247 masquinongy MitchilI) population of Chautauqua Lake, New York. Env. BioI. Fishes, 6, Bleeker, P. (1859) Enumeratio specierum piscium hucusque in Archipelago Indieo observaterum, etc. Acta Soc. Seientiarium Indo-Neerlandica, 6, Bninska, M. (1985) The effect of recreational uses upon aquatie ecosystems and fish resources, in Habitat Modijication and Freshwater Fisheries (ed. J.S. Alabaster), Butterworths, London, pp Bodaly, R.A. and Lesack, L.F.W. (1984) Response of aboreal northern pike (Esox lueius) population to lake impoundment: Wupaw Bay, Southern Indian Lake, Manitoba. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sei., 41, Bonin, J.D. and SpotHa, J.D. (1978) Temperature tolerance of larval muskellunge (Esox masquinongy Mitchill) and Fl hybrids reared under hatchery conditions. Camp. Biochem. PhysioI., 59A, Bootsma, R. (1975) Transmission experiments with pike fry (Esox lucius L.) rhabdovirus. f. Fish Biol., 7, Borgstroem, R. (1970) Studies of the helminth fauna of Norway XVI. Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1760) (Cestoda) in Bogstad Lake. III. Occurrence in pike Esox lucius L. Nytt. Mag. Zooi., 18, Borroni, I. and Grimaldi, E. (1974) Ecology of Diphyllobothrium latum plerocercoids Cestoda Pseudophyllidea in host fish species of Lago Maggiore, Italy. Riv. ParassitoI., 35, Bowser, P.R. and Casey, J.W. (1993) Retroviruses offish. A. Rev. Fish Dis., 3, Braum, E. (1964) Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur ersten Nahrungsaufnahme und Biologie an Jungfischen von Blaufelchen (Coregonus wartmanni Bloch), Weissfelchen (Coregonus /era Jurine) und Hechten (Esox lueius L.). Arch. HydrobioI. SuppI., 28, Braum, E. (1978) Aspects of the survival of fish eggs, embryos and larvae, in Ecology 0/ Freshwater Fish Production (ed. S.D. Gerking), Blackwell, Oxford, pp Breder, C.M. Jr and Rosen, D.E. (1966) Modes 0/ Reproduction in Fishes, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, 941 pp. Bregazzi, P.R. and Kennedy, C.R. (1980) The biology of pike, Esox lueius L., in a southern eutrophie lake. f. Fish BioI., 17, Brett, J.R. (1964) The respiratory metabolism and swimming performance of young sockeye salmon. f. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 21, Brett, J.R. (1980) Life energeties of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in Behavioral Energetics: the Cast 0/ Survival in Vertebrates (eds W.P. Aspey and S.1. Lustick), Ohio State Univ. Press, Columbus, pp Brett, J.R. and Groves, T.D.D. (1979) Physiologie al energetics, in Fish Physiology, Vol. 8 (eds W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall and J.R. Brett), Academic Press, New York, pp Brett, J.R., Shelbourn, J.E. and Shoop, C.T. (1969) Growth rate and body composition of fingering sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in relation to temperature and ration size. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 26, Brönmark, C. and Miner, J.G. (1992) Predator-induced phenotypical change in body morphology in crucian carp. Science, N. Y., 258, Brönmark, C. and Pettersson, L.B. (1994) Chemical cues from piscivores induce a change in morphology in crucian carp. Oikos, 70(3), Brooks, D.R. and McLennan, D.A. (1988) Phylogeny, Ecology, and Behavior, Univ. Chieago Press, Chieago, 434 pp.

6 248 References Brooks, D.R. and McLennan, D.A. (1993) Paraseript: Parasites and the Language 01 Evolution, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 429 pp. Broughton, K.D. (1989) Competition between young-of-the-year northern pike (Esox ludus) and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) under natural and experimental conditions. MSc thesis, Univ. Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 197 pp. Broughton, N.M. and Fisher, K.A.M. (1981) A comparison of three methods of pike (Esox ludus L.) removal from a lowland trout fishery. Fish. Manage., 12, Brown, E.R., Dolowy, W.C., Sinclair, T., Keith, L., Greenberg, S., Hazdra, J.J., Beamer, P. and Callaghan, O. (1976) Enhancement of lymphosarcoma transmission in Esox ludus and its epidemiologie relationship to pollution. BibI. Haematol. (Basel), 43, Bruyenko, V.P. (1976) Feeding habits of pike (Esox ludus L.) in the Kremenchug Reservoir during the spawning period. Hydrobiol. J., 12(1), Bry, C. (1980) Influence de la densitc~ initiale de peuplement sur la survie et la croissance du brochet (Esox ludus) entre trois mois et un an d'age, in La PiscicuIture en Etang (ed. R. Billard), Symposium on Fish Production in Ponds, Arbonne-la-Foret, France, 1980, INRA, Paris, pp Bry, C. and Gillet, C. (1980) Reduction of cannibalism in pike (Esox ludus) fry by isolation of full-sib families. Reprod. Nutr. Developp., 20, Bry, C. and Souchon, Y. (1982) Production of young northern pike families in small ponds: natural spawning versus fry stocking. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., Bry, C., Billard, R. and Montalembert, G. de (1978) Induction de la maturation ovocytaire et de l'ovulation par traitement hormonal chez le brochet (Esox ludus). Bull. Ir. Piseie., 27l, Bry, C., Souchon, Y., Neveu, G. and Trebaol. L. (1983) Production de familles de brochetons en petits etangs par reproduction naturelle amenagee: bilan de trois annees d'experimentation et comparaison avec la methode d'alevinage, in Le Brochet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et eie vage (ed. R. Billard), INRA, Paris, pp Bry, C., Batisse, J.F. and Neveu, G. (1989) Survival of pike (Esox ludus L.) broodstock in relation to type of reproduction. AquacuIture, 83, Bry, C., Basset, E., Rognon, X. and Bonamy, F. (1992) Analysis of sibling cannibalism among pike, Esox ludus, juveniles reared under semi-natural conditions. Env. Biol. Fishes, 35, Bry, C., Bonamy, F., Manelphe, J. and Duranthon, B. (1995) Early life characteristics of pike, Esox ludus, in rearing ponds: temporal survival pattern and ontogenetie diet shifts. J. Fish Biol., 46, Bryan, J.E. (1967) Northern pike production in Phalen Pond, Minnesota. J. Minn. Acad. Sei., 34, Bucke, D. (197l) The anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of the carnivorous fish the pike Esox ludus L. J. Fish Bioi., 3, Bucke, D., Cawley, G.D., Craig, J.F., Piekering, A.D. and Willoughby, L.G. (1979) Further studies of an epizootie of perch, Perca fluviatilis L., of uncertain aetiology. J. Fish Dis., 2, Bucke, D., Feist, S.W. and Clifton-Hadley, R.S. (1991) The occurrence of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in cultured and wild fish: further investigations. J. Fish Dis., 14, Buckner, R.L. (1977) Evaluation of variation in species of Fessisentis (Acanathocephala), with observations on the life cycle of Fessisentis Jessus. Diss. Abstr., (1977) 37B(7),

7 Re/erences 249 BuHer, F. (1979) The Domesday Book 0/ Mammoth Pike, Stanley Paul, London, 286 pp. BuHer, F. (1981) Pike and the Pike Angler, Stanley Paul, London, 288 pp. Bush, A.O and Holmes, J.C. (1986) Intestinal helminths of lesser scaup ducks: patterns of association. Can. J. Zooi., 64, l32-4l. Buss, K. (1961a) A literature survey of the life history of the redfin and grass pickerels. Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Benner Spring Fish Research Station, pamphlet. 12 pp. Buss, K. (1961b) A literature survey of the life history and culture of the northern pike. Pennsylvania Fish Commission, Benner Spring Fish Research Station, Special Purpose Rep., 58 pp. Buss, K. and Miller, J. (1967) Interspecific hybridization of Esocids: hatching success, pattern development, and fertility of some F I hybrids. Dept Interior, Bur. Sport Fish. Wildlife, Tech. Pap., 14, Bykhovsky, B.E. (1957) Monogenetic Trematodes, their Classijication and Phylogeny, Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow and Leningrad, 509 pp. (In Russian) Bykhovskaya-Pavloskaya, I.E., Gusev, A.V., Dubinina, M.N., Izyumova, N.A., Smirnova, T.S., Sokolovskaya, I.L., Shtein, G.A., Shul'man, S.S. and Epshtein, V.M. (1962) Key to the Parasites 0/ Freshwater Fishes 0/ the U.S.S.R. Izdatelstvo, Akademii Nauk SSSR. Moskva-Leningrad. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem (1964), 919 pp. Calderon Andreu, E.G. (1955) Acclimatation du brochet en Espagne. Verh. int. Verein theor. angew. Limnol., 12, Calenius, G. (1980) Parasites of fish in Finland 5. Observations on protozoans of the genera Trichophyra ChilodoneIIa, and Icthyophthirius. Acta Acad. Aboensis Sero B. Mathematica et Physica Matematik Naturvetenskaper Teknik., 40(5), 1-8. Calenius, G. and Bylund, G. (1980) Parasites of fish in Finland. 4. Ciliates of the genus Apiosoma. Acta Acad. Aboensis Sero B. Mathematica et Physica Matematik Naturvetenskaper Teknik., 40(4), Carbine, W.F. (1942a) Observations on the life history of the northern pike (Esox lueius L.) in Houghton Lake, Michigan. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 71, Carbine, W.F. (1942b) Sphaeriid clams attached to the mouth of young pike. Copeia, 1942(3), 187. Carbine, W.F. (1944) Egg production of the northern pike Esox lueius L. and the percentage of survival of eggs and young on the spawning grounds. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sei., 29, Carbine, W.F. (1945) Growth potential of the northern pike (Esox lueius). Pap. Mich. Acad. Sei. Arts Lett., 30, Carbine, W.F. and Applegate, V.C. (1948) The movement and growth of marked northern pike (Esox lueius L.) in Houghton Lake and the Muskegon River. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Lett., 32, Carlander, K.D. (1969) Handbook 0/ Freshwater Fishery Biology, Vol. I, Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa, 752 pp. Carlander, K.D., CampbeH, J.S. and Muncy, R.J. (1978) Inventory of percid and esocid habitat in North America. Am. Fish. Soc. spec. PubI., Carline, R.F., Stein, R.A. and Riley, L.M. (1986) Effects of size at stocking, season, largemouth bass predation, and forage abundance on survival of tiger muskellunge. Am. Fish. Soc. spec. PubI., 15, Casselman, J.M. (1967) Age and growth of northern pike, Esox lueius Linnaeus, of the upper st. Lawrence River, MSc thesis, Univ. Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, 219 pp.

8 250 Re/erences Casselman, I.M. (1974a) External sex determination of northern pike, Esox ludus Linnaeus. Trans. Am. Fish Soe., 103, Casselman, I.M. (1974b) Analysis of hard tissue of pike Esox ludus 1. with special reference to age and growth, in Ageing 0/ Fish (ed. T. B. Bagenal), Unwin Brothers, Old Woking, GB, pp Casselman, I.M. (1978a) Effects of environmental factors on growth, survival, activity and exploitation of northern pike. Am. Fish, Soe. spee. PubI., 11, Casselman, I.M. (1978b) Calcified tissue and body growth of northern pike, Esox ludus Linnaeus, PhD thesis, Univ. Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 782 pp. Casselman, I.M. (1979) The esocid cleithrum as an indicator of calcified structure, in Proe. 10th Warm Water Workshop (eds I. Dube and Y. Gravel), Am. Fish. Soc., Montebello, Quebec, pp Casselman, I.M. (1983) Age and growth assessment of fish from their calcified structures - techniques and tools, in Proe. int. Workshop on Age Determination 0/ Oceanie Pelagie Fishes: Tunas, Billfishes, and Sharks (eds E.D. Prince and L.M. Pulos), NOAA teeh. Rep. NMFS, 8, pp Casselman, I.M. (1987) Determination of age and growth, in The Biology 0/ Fish Growth (eds A.H. Weatherley and H.S. Gill), Academic Press, London, pp Casselman, I.M. (1990) Growth and relative size of calcified structures of fish. Trans. Am. Fish. Soe., 119, Casselman, I.M. and Crossman, E.I. (1986) Size, age, and growth of trophy muskellunge and muskellunge-northern pike hybrids - The Cleithrum Project, Am. Fish. Soe. spee. Publ., 15, Casselman, I.M., Crossman, E.I., Ihssen, P.E., Reist, I.D. and Booke, H.E. (1986) Identification of muskellunge, northern pike, and their hybrids. Am. Fish. Soe. spee. Publ., 15, Casselman, I.M. and Harvey, H.H. (1973) Fish traps of clear plastic. Progve Fish Cult., 35, Casselman, I.M. and Harvey, H.H. (1975) Selective fish mortality resulting from low winter oxygen. Verh. int. Ver. theor. angew. Limnol., 19(3), Cavender, T. (1969) An Oligocene mudminnow (Family Umbridae) from Oregon with remarks on relationships within the Esocoidei. Oce. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 660, Cernova, T.N. (1975) Seasonal dynamics of the parasite fauna of pike and roach in lakes Dzhapana and Paleostomi. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauehno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Morskogo Rybnogo Khozaistva i Okeanografii. (Biologieheskie osnovy produktivosti vodoemov Gruzinskoi SSR) (1975), los, (In Russian) Cervinka, S. and Pecha, O. (1975) Hematological values and total protein in the blood serum of pond-farmed pike (Esox ludus L.) in the post-spawning period. Zivoe. vyr. Praha, 20, (In Czech) Chapman, C.A. and Mackay, W.C. (1984a) Versatility in habitat use by a top aquatic predator, Esox ludus L. J. Fish Biol., 25, Chapman, C.A. and Mackay, W.C. (1984b) Direct observation of habitat utilization by northern pike. Copeia, 1984(1), Chapman, L.I., Mackay, W.C. and Wilkinson, C.W. (1989) Feeding flexibility in northern pike (Esox ludus): fish versus invertebrate prey. Can. J. Fish, aquat. Sei., 46, Chappell, L.H. (1967) On the occurrence of blood flukes (Sanguinicolidae: Trematoda) in British freshwater fish. J. nat. Hist., I, Chappell, L.H. and Owen, R.W. (1969) A reference list of parasite species recorded in freshwater fishes from Great Britain and Ireland. J. nat. Hist., 3,

9 References 251 Chauveheid, A. and Billard, R. (1983) Incubation et eclosion des oeufs de brachets et resorption vitelline des larves, in Le Brochet: gestion dans le milieu naturel d'elevage (ed. R. Billard), INRA. Paris. pp Chereshnev. LA. (1979) Zoogeography and relationships of the fresh-water fishes from Chukch Peninsula. Proc. 14. Pacific Sei. Congr. (1979). pp Chereshnev. LA. and Balushkin. A.V. (1980) A new species of blackfish. DalIia admiralis Chereshnev sp.n. (Umbridae. Esociformes) from the Amguema River Basin (Arctic Chukchi Peninsula). Voprosy Iktologü. 20, (In Russian) Chereshnev, LA. and Balushkin, A.V. (1981) A new species of blackfish. DalIia admirabilis sp. n. (Umbridae. Esociformes) from the Amguema River Basin (Arctic Chukotka). J. Ichthyol.. 20(6), Chernysheva. N.B. (1976) Morphological characteristics of and certain problems of the biology of the genus Apiosoma inlusoria peritricha from the young of predatory fishes. Parazitologiya Chimits, P. (1947) Note sur le repeuplement artificiel du brochet. Bull. Ir. Piseie Chinniah, V.C. and Threlfall. W. (1978) Metazoan parasites of fish from the Smallwood Reservoir. Labrador. Canada. J. Fish Biol., l3, 203-l3. Christie. G.C. and Regier, H.A. (1988) Measures of optimal thermal habitat and their relationship to yields of four commercial fish species. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sei., 45, Chubb. J.C. (1977) Seasonal occurrence of helminths in freshwater fishes. Part L Monogenea, in Advances in Parasitology Vol. 15 (ed. B. Dumes). Academic Press. London. pp. l Chubb. J.C. (1979) Seasonal occurrence of helminths in freshwater fishes. Part 11. Trematoda. in Advances in Parasitology (eds W.H.R. Lumsden. R. Muller and J.R. Baker). Academic Press. London. pp. 17. l Chubb. J.C. (1982) Seasonal occurrence of helminths in freshwater fishes. Part IV. Adult Cestoda. Nematoda and Acanthocephala. in Advances in Parasitology. Vol. 20 (eds W.H.R. Lumsden. R. Muller and J.R. Baker). Academic Press. London. pp Ciepielewski. W. (1981) Population of pike (Esox lueius L.) in pond type Lake Warnak Ecologia Polska Clark. C.F. (1950) Observations on the spawning habits of the northern pike (Esox lueius L.) in northwestern Ohio. Copeia. 1950(4) Cohen, Y. and Radomski, P. (1993) Water level regulation and fisheries in Rainy Lake and the Namakan Reservoir. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sei. 50(9) Cointat. M. and Darley, R. (1953) Esociculture du Der (Haute-Marne); observations sur les campagnes 1951 et Bull. Ir. Piseie Colesante, R.T. and Bubnack. J. (1992) Fingerling muskellunge praduction in an intensive-extensive culture system in New York State. Progve Fish-Cult.. 54, Cone. D.K. and Dechtiar, A.O. (1984) Gyrodactylus Iryi n. sp. (Monogenea) from Esox masquinongy Mitchill in Ontario. Can. J. Zool Cone. D.K. and Dechtiar, A.O. (1986) On Gyrodactylus katharineri Malmberg G. lotae Gussev, 1953, and G. lucii Kulakovskaya from host fishes in North America. Can. J. Zool Cook. M.F. and Bergersen, E.P. (1988) Movements. habitat selection. and activity periods of northern pike in Eleven Mile Reservoir. Colorado. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc

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11 References 253 Diana. I.S. (1979) The feeding pattern and daily ration of a top carnivore. the northern pike (Esox ludus). Can. J. Zool Diana. I.S. (1980) Diel activity patterns and swimming speeds of northern pike (Esox ludus) in Lac Ste. Anne. Alberta. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sd Diana. I.S. (1982) An experimental analysis of the metabolie rate and food utilization of northern pike. Comp. Biochem. Physio1.. 7lA Diana. I.S. (1983a) An energy budget for northern pike (Esox ludus). Can. J. Zoo Diana. I.S. (1983b) Growth. maturation. and production of northern pike in three Michigan lakes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc Diana. I.S. (1987) Simulation of mechanisms causing stunting in northern pike populations. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc Diana. I.S. and Mackay. W.C. (1979) Timing and magnitude of energy deposition and loss in the body. liver. and gonads of northern pike (Esox ludus). J. Fish. Res. Bd Can Diana. I.S. and Mackay. W.C. (1995) The effect of climate on the growth of northern pike. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. (in press). Diana. I.S.. Mackay. W.C. and Ehrman. M. (1977) Movements and habitat preference of northern pike (Esox ludus) in Lac Ste. Anne. Alberta. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc Dick. T.A. and Choudhury. A. (1995) Chap. 10. Cestoidea. in Fish Diseases and Disorders (ed. P.T.K. Woo). CAB International. Wallingford. UK. Dick. T.A. and Poole. B.C. (1985) Identification of DiphylIobothrium dendriticum and DiphylIobothrium latum from some freshwater fishes of central Canada. Can. J. Zoo l. Dill. W.A. (1990) Inland Fisheries of Europe. FAD. Rome. EIFAC tech. Pap pp. Dill. W.A. (1993) Inland Fisheries of Europe. FAD. Rome. EIFAC tech. Pap. 52. Suppl pp. Dobler. E. (1977) Correlation between the feeding time of the pike (Esox ludus) and the dispersion of a school of Leucaspius delineatus. Decologia Dolinin. V.A. (1973) The rate of basal metabolism in fish. J. Ichthyol.. l Dombeck. M.P. (1987) Artificial turf incubators for raising muskellunge to swimup fry. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage Dombeck. M.P.. Menzel. B.W. and Hinz. P.N. (1986) Natural muskellunge reproduction in midwestern lakes. Am. Fish. Soc. spec. Pub Dorier. A. (1938) Apropos de l'oeuf et de l'alevin de brochet. Bul1. fr. Pisdc. 10(110) Dorson. M.. De Kinkelin. P. and Michel. C. (1983) Pathologie du... brochet. in Le Brochet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et e1evage (ed. R. Billard). INRA. Paris. pp Dube. I. and Gravel, Y. (1978) Plan pilote d'amenagement integre des ressources biologiques du territoire de la frayere du ruisseau Saint-Jean. comte de Chäteauguay. Quebec. Ministere du Tourisme. de la Chasse et de la Peche. Service de la Recherche Biologique (Montreal). 52 pp. Dube. J. and Gravel. Y. (1979) Proceedings of the 10th Warm Water Fish Workshop. Ministere du Loisir. de la Chasse et de la Peche. Montreal. Quebec. 285 pp. Dumont. P.. Fortin. R. and Fournier. H. (1980) Certain aspects of the reproduction of upper Richelieu and Mississippi Bay northern pike. Esox ludus L. Rap. Rech. Faun. Minist. Loisir. Chasse. Peche. Dir. Rech. Faun. (Quebec)

12 254 References Dunning, D.J., Ross, Q. and Gladden, J. (1982) Evaluation of minimum size limits for St Lawrence River northern pike. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage., 2, Duplinsky, P.D. (1982) Sperm motility of northern pike and chain pickerel at various ph values. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 111, Durand, J.P. and Gas, J.M. (1976) Quelques aspects de la reproduction du brochet (Esox lucius 1., 1758) dans la Seine au niveau de Montereau Croissance et comportement des alvins, dans diverses conditions experimentales, Memoire ISARA, Lyon, 108 pp. Dykova, 1. and Lom, J. (1978) Histopathological changes in fish gills infected with myxosporidian parasites of the genus Henneguya. J. Fish Biol., 12, Eklöv, P. and Dieh!, S. (1994) Piscivore efficiency and refuging prey: the importance of predator search mode. Oecologia, 98, Eklöv, P. and Hamrin, S.F. (1989) Predatory efficiency and prey selection: interactions between pike, Esox lucius, perch, Perca j1uviatilis and rudd, Scardinus erythrophthalmus. Oikos, 56(2), Elliott, J.M. (1975) The growth rate of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) fed on reduced rations. J. Anim. Ecol., 44, Elliott, J.M. (1979) Energetics of freshwater fishes, in Fish Phenology: Anabolie Adaptiveness in Teleosts (ed. P.J. Miller), Academic Press, London, pp Elliott, J.M. (1994) Quantitative Ecology and the Brown Traut, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. El-Matbouli, M., Fischer-Scher!, T. and Hoffmann, R.W. (1992) Present knowledge on the life cycle, taxonomy, pathology, and therapy of some Myxosporea spp. important for freshwater fish. A. Rev. Fish Dis., 2, Engashev, V.G. (1965) Testing piperazine and phenothiazine against Raphidascaris acus in fish. Acta trop. Suppl., 9, Engelbrecht, H. (1958) Untersuchungen ueber den Parasitenbefall der Nutzfische im Griefswalder Bodden und Kleinen Haff. (Investigations on the occurrence of parasites in commercial fishes in the Griefswalder Bodden and the Kleine Haff). Z. Fischerei und deren Hilfswissenschaften, New Series, 7, Enzmann, P.J., Konrad, M., Parey, K. and Wetzlar, H. (1987) Natural host range of the virus of haemorrhagic septicaemia of rainbow trout. Tierarztliehe Umschau, 42, Ergens, R. (1966) Results of parasitological investigations on the health of Esox lucius 1. in Lino reservoir. Folia Parasital., l3, Eslami, A.H., Anwar, M. and Khatiby, S.H. (1972) Incidence and intensity of helminthoses on pike (Esox lucius) of Caspian Sea (Northern Iran). Riv. It. Piscis. Ittiop., 7, 11-l3.. Evans, D.O. (1984) Temperature independence of the annual cycle of standard metabolism in the pumpkinseed. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 113, Fabricius, E. (1950) Heterogeneous stimulus summation in the release of spawning activities in fish. A. Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Res. Drottningholm, Fabricius, E. and Gustafson, K.J. (1958) Some new observations on the spawning behaviour of the pike (Esox lucius 1.). A. Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Res. Drottningholm, 39, Fago, D.M. '(1977) Northern pike production in managed spawning and rearing marshes. Tech. Bull. Wisc. Dep. Nat. Resour., 96, Falk, M.R. and Gillman, D.V. (1980) Status of the Arctic grayling and northern pike sport fisheries in the Brabant Island-Beaver Lake area of the Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories. Can. MS Rep. Fish. aquat. Sei., no. 1553, 53 pp. FAD (1992) Aquaculture production FAO, Rome, FAO Fish. Cir., no. 815 (Revision 4), 206 pp.

13 References 255 FAO (1993) Aquaculture production FAO, Rome, FAO Fish. Cir., no. 815 (Revision 5), 213 pp. Farkas, I. (1984) The occurrence of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas fluorescens in the microflora of Hungarian fish species. Halaszat, 30, Farrell. I.M. (1991) Spawning ecology of sympatric northern pike and muskellunge in the St. Lawrence river, MS thesis, State Univ. New York, 80 pp. Filipsson, O. (1972) Sötvattenslaboratoriets provfiske-och provtagningsmetoder. Inform. Sotvattenslab., Drottningholm, 16, 24 pp. (In Swedish) Fink, W.1. (1984) Basal euteleosts: relationships, in Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes (eds H.G. Moser, E.M. Sandknop and D.A. Ambrose), Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol. spec. Publ., no. I, pp Fink, W.1. and Weitzman, S.H. (1982) Relationships of the stomiiform fishes (Teleostei), with a description of Diplophos. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., ISO, Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute (1993a) Vapaa-ajankalstus vuonna Offidal Statistics of Finland, Environment 1993, 8, 18 pp. Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute (1993b) Kalatalous ajassa. Offidal Statistics of Finland, Environment 1993, H, 138 pp. Flickinger, S.A. and Clark, I.H. (1978) Management evaluation of stocked northern pike in Colorado's small irrigation reservoirs. Am. Fish. Soc. spec. Publ., H, Forney, 1.1. (1968) Production of young northern pike in a regulated marsh. N. Y. Fish Game J., 15, Forney, 1.1. (1977) Evidence of inter- and intraspecific competition as factors regulating walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) biomass in Oneida Lake, New York. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 34, Fortin, R., Dumont, P., Fournier, H., Cadieux, C. and Villeneuve, D. (1982) Reproduction et force des classes d'äge du Grand Brochet (Esox ludus L.) dans le Haut-Richelieu et la baie Missisquoi. Can. J. Zool., 60, Fortin, R., Dumont, P. and Fournier, H. (1983) La reproduction du grand brochet (Esox ludus L.), in Le Brochet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et elevage (ed. R. Billard), INRA, Paris, pp Franklin, D.R. and Smith, L.L. Ir. (1960) Notes on development of scale patterns in northern pike, Esox ludus L. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 89, 83. Franklin, D.R. and Smith, L.L. Ir. (1963) Early life history of the northern pike (Esox ludus 1.) with special reference to the factors influencing the numerical strength of year classes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 92, 91-HO. Freeman, R.S. (1964) On the biology of Proteocephalus parallacticus Maclulich (Cestoda) in Algonquin Park, Canada. Can. J. Zool., 42, Frolova, E.N. and Shcherbina, T.V. (1975) A new species of the genus Azygia. Parazitologiya, 9, Frost, W.E. and Kipling, C. (1959) The determination of the age and growth of pike (Esox ludus L.) from scales and opercular bones. J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 24, Frost, W.E. and Kipling, C. (1961) Some observations on the growth of pike, Esox ludus, in Windermere. Verh. int. Verein, theor. angew. Limnol.. 14, Frost, W.E. and Kipling, C. (1967) A study of reproduction, early life, weighf length relationship and growth of pike (Esox ludus L.) in Windermere. J. Anim. Ecol., 36, Fuhrmann, O. (1934a) Le brochet, sa nourriture et sa croissance. Bull. suisse Peche Pisdc., 3, Fuhrmann, O. (1934b) Alevins de brochets monstrueux. Bull. suisse Peche Piscic., 7-8,123-6.

14 256 Re/erences Gabelhouse, D.W. (1984) A length-categorization system to assess fish stocks. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage., 4, Gaboury, M.N. and Patalas, J.N. (1984) Influence of water level drawdown on the fish populations of Cross Lake, Manitoba. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sei., Gallucci, V.F. and Quinn, T.J. 11 (1979) Reparameterizing, fitting, and testing a simple growth model. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 108, Gaudant, J. (1978) Decouverte du plus ancien representant connu du genre Esox L. (Poisson Teleosteen, Esocoidei) dans le Stampien moyen du bassin d'apt (Vaucluse). Geologie Mediterraneenne, 5(2), Gay, M. and Rickards, B. (1989) Pike. BoydelI Press, Woodbridge, GB, 238 pp. Gensch, R. (1979) (Results and information on the rearing of fish brood in illuminated cages in the VEB Inland Fishery Frankfurt (Oder)). Z. Binnenfischerei DDR, 26, (In German) Georges, D. (1964) Evolution morphologique et histologique des organes adhesifs du brochet (Esox ludus L.). Trav. Lab. Hydrobiol. Pisdc. Univ. Grenoble, 56, Getsevichyute, S.Yu. and Bagdonas, A.Yu. (1982) Parasitological situation in commercial fish in Lake Drukshyai (Lithuania, USSR). AktuaI'nye problemy parazitologii v PribaItike, 1-2, (In Russian) Gibson, D.I., Taskinen, J. and Valtonen, E.T. (1992) Studies on bucephalid digeneans parasitizing moiluscs and fishes in Finland 11. The description of Rhipidocotyle fennica n. sp. and its discrimination by principal component analysis. Syst. Parasital., 23, Gihr, M. (1957) Zur entwicklung des hechtes. Rev. suisse Zooi., 64, Giles, N., Wright, R.M. and Nord, M.E. (1986) Cannibalism in pike fry, Esox ludus L.: some experiments with fry densities. J. Fish Biol., 29(1), 107-l3. Gill, T. (1885) Zoology [or report of scientific progress in Zoology for 1883]. A. Rep. Smithsonian Institute (for 1883), pp Gillet, C. (1989a) Realisation de frayeres artificielles flottantes pour les poissons lacustres (brochet, perche, cyprinides). Hydroecol. appl., 1-2, GiIlet, C. (1989b) Le deroulement de la fraie des principaux poissons lacustres. Hydroecol. appl., 1-2, Gillet, C. and Dubois, J.P. (1995) A survey of the spawning of perch (Perca fluviatilis), pike (Esox ludus) and roach (Rutilus rutilus), using artificial spawning substrates in lakes. Hydrobiologia, 300/301, Glass, R.L., Krick, T.P., Olson, D.1. and Thorson, R.L. (1977) The occurrence and distribution of furan fatty acids in spawning male freshwater fish. Lipids, 12, Goedmakers, A. and Verboom, B.1. (1974) Studies on the maturation and fecundity of the pike Esox ludus Linnaeus Aquaculture, 4, Goldspink, C.R. and Banks, J.W. (1975) Adescription of the Tjeukemeer fishery together with a note upon the yield statistics between 1964 and J. Fish Biol., 7, Gorbach, E.I. (1982) Fecundity of amur pike, Esox reicherti. J. Ichthyol., 22, Gorny, W. (1992) The influence of water temperature on mortality, growth and cannibalism in the juvenile pike (Esox ludus 1.). Arch. Polish Fish., I, Goubier, J. and Souchon, Y. (1982) Controle de l'epoque de reproduction du brochet par retard de maturation. Bull. fr. Pisdc., 286, Graff, D.R. (1978) Intensive culture of esocids: the current state of the art. Am. Fish. Soc. spec. Publ., 11, Graham, M. (1929) Studies of age-determination in fish. Part 11 - A survey of the literature. Fish. Invest., Land., Sero II, 11, 50 pp.

15 References 257 Gravel, Y. and Dube, J. (1979) Plan de conservation du grand brochet, Esox lucius L., au lac Saint-Louis, Quebec. Rap. Rech. faun. Minist. Loisir Chasse Peche Dir. Rech. Faun., 52, Gravel, Y. and Dube, J. (1980) Les conditions hydriques et le röle de la vegetation dans une frayere ä grands brochets Esox lucius Linne. Eau du Quebec, 13, Greenwood, P.H., Rosen, D.E., Weitzman, S.H. and Myers, G.S. (1966) Phyletic studies of teleostean fishes, with a provisional classification of living forms. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 131, Grier, H.J., Hurk, R. Van Den and Billard, R. (1989) Cytological identification of cell types in the testis of Esox lucius and E. niger. Cell Tissue Res., 257, Grier, H.J. and Linton, J.R. (1977) Ultrastructural identification of the Sertoli cell in the testis of the northern pike, Esox lucius. Am. J. Anat., 149, Grimm, M.P. (1981a) The composition of northern pike (Esox lucius 1.) populations in four shallow waters in the Netherlands, with special reference to factors influencing 0+ pike biomass. Fish. Manage., 12, Grimm, M.P. (1981b) Intraspecific predation as a principal factor controlling the biomass of northern pike (Esox lucius 1.). Fish. Manage., 12(2), Grimm, M.P. (1983) Regulation de la biomasse de brochet (Esox lucius L.) de petite taille «41 cm) et efficacite de l'introduction d'individus de 4-6 cm, in Le Brochet: gestion dans le milieu naturel et elevage (ed. R. Billard), INRA, Paris, pp Grimm, M.P. (1989) Northern pike (Esox lucius 1.) and aquatic vegetation, tools in the management of fisheries and water quality in shallow waters. Hydrobiol. Bull., 23,61-7. Grimm, M.P. (1994a) The influence of aquatic vegetation and population biomass on recruitment of 0 + and 1 + northern pike (Esox lucius 1.), in Rehabilitation of Freshwater Fisheries (ed. I. Cowx), Blackwell, Oxford, pp Grimm, M.P. (1994b) The characteristics of the optimum habitat of northern pike (Esox lucius 1.). Part II: The characteristics of an optimal habitat for northern pike, in Rehabilitation of Freshwater Fisheries (ed. I. Cowx), Blackwell, Oxford, pp Grimm, M.P. and Backx, J.J.G.M. (1990) The restoration of shallow eutrophie lakes, and the role of northern pike, aquatic vegetation and nutrient concentration. Hydrobiologia, 200/201, Groen, C.L. and Schroeder, T.A. (1978) Effects of water level management on walleye and other coolwater fishes in Kansas reservoirs. Am. Fish. Soc. spec. Publ., 11, Gross, 1. (1983) Tumors, leukemia and lymphosarcomas in fish, in Oncogenic Viruses (3rd edn), Vol. 1 (ed. 1. Gross). Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp Gross, M.L., Schneider, J.P., Moav, N., Moav, B., Alvarez, C., Myster, S.H., Lio, Z., Hallerman, E.M., Hackett, P.B., Guise, K.S., Paras, A.J. and Kapuscinski, A.R. (1992) Molecular analysis and growth evaluation of northern pike (Esox lucius) microinjected with growth hormone genes. Aquaculture, 103, Grosswald, M.G. (1980) Late Weichselian ice sheet of northern Eurasia. Quaternary Res., 13, Guise, K.S., Hackett, P.B. and Paras, A.J. (1992) Transfer of genes encoding neomycin resistance chloramphenicol acetyl transferase and growth hormone into goldfish and northern pike, in Transgenie Fish (eds C.1. Hew and G.1. Pletcher), Word Scientific, Singapore, pp Gulidov, M.V. (1969) Embryonic development of the pike Esox lucius when incubated under different oxygen conditions. Probl. Icht~yol., 9,

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