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2 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
3 Figure 24-2 Chordate features in the human embryo eye heart liver tail limb bud (future leg) gill slit limb bud (future arm)
4 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
5 Figure 24-3 Invertebrate chordates nerve cord notochord gut muscle segments tail mouth anus gill slits (a) Lancelet incurrent siphon (water enters) excurrent siphon (water exits) mouth atrial opening tail anus gill slits attachment points gill slits gut notochord nerve cord (b) Tunicate larva heart gut gonad adult
6 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
7 Figure 24-4 Hagfishes
8 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
9 Figure 24-5 Lampreys
10 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
11 Figure 24-6a Shark
12 Figure 24-6b Ray
13 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
14 Figure 24-7a Anglerfish
15 Figure 24-7b Moray eel
16 Figure 24-7c Sea horse
17
18 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
19 Chapter Opener 24-1
20 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
21 Figure 24-8a Lungfish
22 Figure 24-8b Sealed in a burrow
23 4FDuQ
24 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
25 Figure 24-9a Tadpole
26 Figure 24-9b Frog
27 Figure 24-9c Salamander
28 Figure 24-9d Caecilian
29 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
30 Figure 24-10a Snake
31 Figure 24-10b Alligator
32 Figure 24-10c Tortoise
33 Figure The amniotic egg
34 Figure Archaeopteryx, the earliest-known bird
35 Figure 24-12a Hummingbird
36 Figure 24-12b Frigate bird
37 Figure 24-12c Ostrich
38 Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes) Amphibia (frogs, salamanders) Reptilia (turtles, snakes crocodiles, birds) Mammalia (mammals) Figure 24-1 An evolutionary tree of the chordates Craniates Vertebrates Tetrapods Hair, milk Amniotic egg Limbs Lobed fins Lungs Jaws Skull Vertebral column Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail
39 Figure 24-14a Platypus
40 Figure 24-14b Spiny anteater
41 Figure 24-15a Wallaby
42 Figure 24-15b Wombat
43 Figure 24-15c Tasmanian devil
44 Figure 24-16a Whale
45 Figure 24-16b Bat
46 Figure 24-16c Cheetah
47 Figure 24-16d Orangutan
48 Figure E24-1 Amphibians in danger
49 Table 24-1 Comparison of Craniate Groups
50 The water-vascular system of echinoderms sieve plate stomach canals ampulla tube feet (a) Starfish body plan (b) Starfish consuming a mussel
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