Au Sable River Assessment Appendix

Transcription

1 54

2 Appendix 3 Appendix 3. Known past and present fish distributions in the Au Sable River system. Distributions of fishes were compiled from records located at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Fish Division Library, Michigan Department of Natural Resources Institute for Fisheries Research, and Michigan Department of Natural Resources Field Office. Scientific names and phylogenic order follow Robins et al For species that are listed under Michigan s Endangered Species Act (Part 365, Endangered Species Protection, of the Natural Resource and Environmental Protection Act, Act 451 of the Public Acts of 1994), their status follows their scientific name. Categories are declining, rare, threatened, endangered, extinct, and locally extinct. Habitat descriptions were compiled from The Fishes of Ohio (Trautman 1982), Freshwater Fishes of Canada (Scott and Crossman 1973), Fishes of Wisconsin (Becker 1983), Fishes of Missouri (Pflieger 1975), and Fishes of the Great Lakes Region (Hubbs and Lagler 1947). 55

3 56

4 Northern brook lamprey (Ichthyomyzon fossor) feeding - young: low gradient, substrate with bars and beds of mixed sand and organic debris - moderately warm water spawning - clear, high gradient streams (<15 feet wide) - riffles with sand or gravel substrate 57

5 Silver lamprey (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis) - rare feeding - young: sand, muck, or organic debris substrate - adults: clear river water with prey species spawning - gravel and sand substrate - moderate gradient - moderate size stream - cannot tolerate silt - no dams winter refuge - amnocetes burrow for 4 to 7 years in mud and silt at river margins 58

6 American brook lamprey (Lampetra appendix) feeding - young: low gradient, substrate with bars and beds of mixed sand and organic debris - clear cool stream water, sensitive to turbidity spawning - clear, high gradient streams (>15 feet wide) - cold water - gravel substrate winter refuge - sand or silt substrate for amnocoetes 59

7 Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) feeding - young: substrate with beds of sand mixed with organic debris - cannot tolerate silt - adults: clear cool water of spawning - no dams - riffles with sand and gravel substrates 60

8 Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) - threatened feeding - shoal areas of large rivers, lakes, and impoundments - gravel, sand, rock substrates spawning - in or before rapids, at the base of dams in rivers - in 2-15 feet of water - swift current - rocky ledges or around rocky islands in Great Lakes 61

9 Bowfin (Amia calva) feeding - clear water - abundant rooted aquatic vegetation - low gradient streams, lakes, and impoundments - tolerate only small amount of silt spawning - need vegetated water, 1 to 2 feet deep - can spawn under logs, stumps, or bushes winter refuge - gravelly pockets among aquatic vegetation 62

10 American eel (Anguilla rostrata) feeding - medium to large rivers and - must have current - moderately clear water - avoid cool spring-fed streams spawning - catadromous - occurs in the SW portion of the North Atlantic called the Sargasso Sea winter refuge - buried in muddy or silty substrate 63

11 Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) feeding - adults: deep water of - young: shallow water of - prefers warmer waters spawning - streams or shallow beaches of lake - sand or gravelly substrate winter refuge - deep water 64

12 Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) feeding - large streams with low gradient, impoundments, and Lake Huron - tolerant of clear and turbid water spawning - shallow areas of ponds, lakes, and large rivers - low gradient 65

13 Goldfish (Carassius auratus) feeding - vegetation - low gradient, shallow, warm water streams, rivers, lakes, and impoundments - tolerates some turbidity and siltation spawning - warm, weedy shallows 66

14 Lake chub (Couesius plumbeus) feeding - large rivers and lakes - over a variety of substrates spawning - tributary streams - rock substrate 67

15 Spotfin shiner (Cyprinella spiloptera) feeding - clear water tolerant of turbidity and siltation - some current - shallow depths - medium sized streams, lakes, and impoundments - clear sand or gravel substrate spawning - swift current - crevice spawner or on underside of submerged logs and roots 68

16 Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) feeding - low gradient fertile streams, rivers, lakes, and impoundments - abundance of aquatic vegetation or organic matter - tolerant of all substrates and clear to turbid water spawning - weedy or grassy shallows 69

17 Brassy minnow (Hybognathus hankinsoni) feeding - cool acidic streams - slow to moderate current - sand or gravel substrate 70

18 Common shiner (Luxilus cornutus) feeding - small, clear, high-gradient streams and rivers, or shores of clear water lakes and impoundments - gravel substrate - can tolerate some submerged aquatic vegetation - not very tolerant of turbidity or silted waters spawning - gravel nests of other fish, especially those at the head of a riffle 71

19 Redfin shiner (Lythrurus umbratilis) feeding - clear, quiet warm rivers in weedy pools - little to no current - abundant submerged and emergent vegetation spawning - over sand and gravel substrate in slow moving sections of streams 72

20 Pearl dace (Margariscus margarita) feeding - cool, neutral to acidic streams and lakes - clear to slightly turbid water spawning - males are territorial - clear water, inches deep - sand or gravel substrate - weak to moderate current 73

21 Hornyhead chub (Nocomis biguttatus) feeding - adults: near riffles - young: near vegetation - clear water, does not tolerate turbidity - gravel substrate - low gradient streams that are tributaries to large streams spawning - large stones and pebbles present - often below a riffle in shallow water - gravel substrate 74

22 River chub (Nocomis micropogon) feeding - moderate to large streams - moderate to high gradient - gravel, boulder, or bedrock substrate - little to no aquatic vegetation - cannot tolerate turbidity or siltation 75

23 Golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) feeding - lakes and impoundments and quiet pools of low gradient streams - clear shallow water - heavy vegetation spawning - vegetation 76

24 Pugnose shiner (Notropis anogenus) - rare feeding - very clear water of lakes, impoundments, and low-gradient streams - aquatic vegetation - clean sand, marl, or organic debris substrate - extremely intolerant of turbidity 77

25 Emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) feeding - open-large stream channels and lake - low to moderate gradient - range of turbidites and bottom types - midwater or surface preferred, substrate of little importance - avoids rooted vegetation spawning - sand or firm mud substrate or gravel shoals 78

26 Blackchin shiner (Notropis heterodon) feeding - lakes, impoundments, and quiet pools in streams and rivers - clear water - clean sand, gravel, or organic debris substrate - dense beds of submerged aquatic vegetation - cannot tolerate turbidity, silt, or loss of aquatic vegetation 79

27 Blacknose shiner (Notropis heterolepis) feeding - clear lakes, impoundments, and pools of small, clear, lowgradient streams - aquatic vegetation - clean sand, gravel, marl, muck, peat, or organic debris substrate - cannot tolerate much turbidity, much siltation, or loss of aquatic vegetation spawning - sandy substrate 80

28 Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) feeding - large rivers, lakes, and impoundments - firm sand and gravel substrate - low current - sparse to moderate vegetation - avoids turbidity spawning - over sandy shoals or gravelly riffles - near the mouths of small streams 81

29 Rosyface shiner (Notropis rubellus) feeding - moderate sized streams - moderate to high gradient - gravel or sand substrate; intolerant of silt substrate - clear water; intolerant of turbidity spawning - on nests of horneyhead chub, chesnut lamprey, and redhorses - sandy-gravel, gravel or bedrock substrate - shallow high gradient water 82

30 Sand shiner (Notropis stramineus) feeding - sand and gravel substrate - shallow pools in medium size streams, lakes, and impoundments - clear water and low gradient - rooted aquatic vegetation preferred - tolerant of some inorganic pollutants provided substrate is not covered spawning - clean gravel or sand substrate 83

31 Mimic shiner (Notropis volucellus) feeding - pools and backwater of streams, moderately weedy lakes and impoundments - quiet or still water - clear shallow water spawning - aquatic vegetation necessary 84

32 Northern redbelly dace (Phoxinus eos) feeding - slow current - in boggy lakes and streams - detritus or silt substrate - clear to slightly turbid water spawning - filamentous algae needed for egg deposition 85

33 Finescale dace (Phoxinus neogaeus) feeding - cool bog lakes and streams - neutral to slightly acidic waters - various substrates 86

34 Bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus) feeding - quiet pools and backwaters of medium to large streams, lakes, and impoundments - clear warm water - some aquatic vegetation - firm substrates - tolerates all gradients, turbidity, organic and inorganic pollutants spawning - eggs deposited on the underside of flat stones or objects - nests in sand or gravel substrate 87

35 Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) feeding - pools of small streams, lakes, and impoundments - tolerant of turbidity, high temperatures, and low oxygen spawning - on underside of objects in water 2 to 3 feet deep - prefer sand, marl, or gravel substrate 88

36 Blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) feeding - moderate to high gradient streams - sand and gravel substrate - clear cool water in pools with deep holes and undercut banks - does not tolerate turbidity and silt well spawning - riffles with gravel substrate and fast current winter refuge - larger waters 89

37 Longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) feeding - lakes and streams - high gradient - gravel or boulder substrate 90

38 Creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) feeding - streams, rivers, or shore waters of lakes and impoundments - can tolerate intermittent flows - tolerates moderate turbidity spawning - gravel nests - low current winter refuge - deeper pools and runs 91

39 Longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus) feeding - clear, cold rivers and lakes spawning - in streams or lake shallows - current - gravel substrate 92

40 White sucker (Catostomus commersoni) feeding - streams, rivers, lakes, and impoundments - can inhabit highly turbid and polluted waters spawning - quiet gravelly shallow areas of streams 93

41 Northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans) feeding - gravel or rubble substrate - riffles and adjacent pools of warm shallow streams - clear water - doesn t like turbidity or siltation - avoids profuse amounts of aquatic vegetation spawning - riffles - shallow gravel substrate - high gradient winter refuge - deeper quieter pools 94

42 Silver redhorse (Moxostoma anisurum) feeding - streams, rivers, lakes, and impoundments - low current - pollution and turbidity intolerant spawning - swift current in rivers, do not spawn in tributaries - males territorial - gravel to rubble substrate 95

43 Golden redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum) feeding - warm medium gradient streams and rivers - clear riffly streams - medium size streams and rivers - tolerates some turbidity and silt spawning - shallow gravelly riffles winter refuge - larger streams 96

44 Shorthead redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum) feeding - downstream sections of large rivers, lakes, and impoundments - rocky substrates - swift water near riffles - clear to slightly turbid water spawning - gravelly riffles in smaller feeder streams 97

45 Greater redhorse (Moxostoma valenciennesi) feeding - large clear streams - clean sand, gravel, or boulder substrate - intolerant of excessive turbidity and chemical pollutants spawning - moderately rapid current 98

46 Black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) feeding - turbid water - silt bottom - low gradient small to medium streams, pools, and headwaters of large rivers; also in lakes and impoundments - can tolerate very warm water and very low dissolved oxygen spawning - nest in moderate to heavy vegetation or woody debris and under overhanging banks 99

47 Yellow bullhead (Ameiurus natalis) feeding - clear flowing water - heavy vegetation - low gradient streams, lakes, and impoundments - tolerant of low oxygen spawning - nest under a stream bank or near stones or stumps 100

48 Brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) feeding - larger streams and rivers, lakes and impoundments - clear cool water with little clayey silt - moderate amounts of aquatic vegetation - sand, gravel, or muck substrate - not tolerant of turbid water - tolerant of warm water and low oxygen spawning - nest in mud or sand substrate among rooted aquatic vegetation usually near a stump, tree, or rock winter refuge - in muddy bottoms 101

49 Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) feeding - moderately-clear, deeper waters of rivers, lakes, and impoundments - sand, gravel, or rubble substrate - low to moderate gradient spawning - secluded semi-dark areas such as holes, under banks, log jams, or rocks 102

50 Stonecat (Noturus flavus) feeding - consistent low to moderate gradient flowing water - rocky riffles of larger streams and smaller rivers - not tolerant of silt - tolerant of low oxygen and pollution spawning - eggs deposited beneath stones - shallow rocky areas of streams or lakes 103

51 Tadpole madtom (Noturus gyrinus) feeding - vegetative cover in low-moderate current waters - muddy substrate with extensive vegetation - clear waters of streams, rivers, and lakes spawning - mostly in rivers, sometimes shallows of lakes - nests in dark cavities (ex: beneath boards, logs, crayfish burrows) 104

52 Northern pike (Esox lucius) feeding - cool to moderately warm streams, rivers, lakes, and impoundments - vegetation in slow to moderate current spawning - submerged vegetation with slow current in shallow water 105

53 Tiger muskellunge (Esox masquinongy x E. lucius) feeding - intermediate between muskellunge and northern pike spawning - hybrid species; muskellunge x northern pike - occasionally produced in wild, but most often from hatcheries - males are sterile, females may be fertile 106