Why is Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health so Important?

Transcription

1 OIE Workshop for Aquatic Animal Focal Points Dubrovnik, Croatia November 2010 Why is Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health so Important? Barry Hill President OIE Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission

2 Aquaculture has been experiencing a boom since the mid-1970s, sustaining an average annual growth rate of around 9% until a recent slight fall back. Today it continues to expand in almost all world regions. The greatest proportion of global aquaculture production comes from the Asia-Pacific region - currently almost 90%, with about 62 % originating from China alone.

3 A detailed analysis of aquaculture production and wild capture fisheries is published every 2 years by FAO.

4 SOFIA 2010 (FAO) is in press, due out early 2011 but some of the production data was presented at: Global Conference on Aquaculture, Phuket, Thailand September 2010 Presentations are available to download from: Full publication of proceedings expected February 2011

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7 From: Imtiaz Ahmad and Rohana Subasinghe, Global Aquaculture Development: a comprehensive analysis. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

8 From: Imtiaz Ahmad and Rohana Subasinghe, Global Aquaculture Development: a comprehensive analysis. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

9 From: Imtiaz Ahmad and Rohana Subasinghe, Global Aquaculture Development: a comprehensive analysis. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

10 From: Imtiaz Ahmad and Rohana Subasinghe, Global Aquaculture Development: a comprehensive analysis. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

11 Aquaculture: global trends (source: Fastest growing food producing sector in the world: accounts for over 50% of global fish production Trends: intensification (new systems) & diversification (new species) sustainable & organic aquaculture Fish has always been a global commodity Fish trade is increasing: approaching 100 billion in 2008

12 World fish trade: export value - in 1000 US$ (FAO) - 100,000,000 90,000,000 80,000,000 70,000,000 Developing countries or areas Developed countries or areas 60,000,000 50,000,000 40,000,000 developing 30,000,000 20,000,000 developed 10,000,

13 From: Laszlo Varadi, Regional Review: Europe. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

14 From: Laszlo Varadi, Regional Review: Europe. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

15 From: Laszlo Varadi, Regional Review: Europe. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

16 From: Laszlo Varadi, Regional Review: Europe. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

17 From: Laszlo Varadi, Regional Review: Europe. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

18 From: Laszlo Varadi, Regional Review: Europe. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

19 From: Laszlo Varadi, Regional Review: Europe. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

20 From: Laszlo Varadi, Regional Review: Europe. Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

21 Examples of aquaculture growth for certain species

22 Salmon farming

23 Growth in salmon production million MT Aquaculture production wild salmon production

24 Sea bass and sea bream farming

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26 Shrimp farming

27 Growth in shrimp production Shrimp Aquaculture Shrimp Capture MT million

28 The growth of aquaculture for high value species (sea bass, sea bream, salmon, shrimp) has had an important impact on international fish trade and the export economies of some countries In recent years, species of lower value (tilapia and pangasius catfish) have also entered successfully into the international trade

29 Pangasius catfish in Vietnam as an example

30 Vietnam aquaculture production 1,800,000 Productio on (tons) 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , , , , ' 98' 99' 00' 01' 02' 03' 04' 05' 06' Year

31 Vietnam seafood exporting value 3,500,000 Value (1,0 000USD) 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, , ' 98' 99' 00' 01' 02' 03' 04' 05' 06' Year

32 From: Nguyen Huu Dzung, Vietnam Pangasius and World Markets

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35 The EU is by far the world s biggest importer of fish, seafood and aquaculture products.

36 Key messages

37 Globally, consumer demand for fish continues to climb, especially in affluent, developed nations. Currently, freshwater and marine capture fisheries produce 95 million tonnes in total annually, of which 60 million tonnes is destined for human consumption. Since 1980, consumption of fish produced by aquaculture has increased from 9% to 46% of total fish consumption. More than 50 million tonnes of aquaculture products, worth over US$63 billion, are eaten each year.

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39 FAO estimates that because of the world s increasing human population an additional 37 million tonnes of aquatic food will be required by just to maintain current levels of per-capita consumption. The only option for meeting future demand for fish is by farming them.

40 However, infectious diseases are causing major production losses on farms and even having a significant impact on some national economies

41 In many countries, the rapid increase in aquaculture output has been based on species diversification which has led to an increase in the demand for introduction and transfers of live non-indigenous aquatic animals, some of which have introduced new diseases with them.

42 Although local pathogens, inadequate farmmanagement, environmental factors and poor water quality continue to be the most common causes of disease outbreaks in aquaculture, pathogen incursions due to international transfers of live aquaculture animals (and some aquaculture products) is a major underlying reason for new disease outbreaks.

43 Some examples of international spread of aquatic animal diseases White spot disease in shrimp was spread to 22 countries via international trade in post-larvae (and products?) Taura syndrome to Asia from Americas via live shrimp transfers (species more resistant to white spot disease) Gyrodactylus salaris to Norway from Sweden via live juvenile salmon for stock enhancement

44 Some examples of international spread of aquatic animal diseases First cases of Sleeping Disease of trout in UK linked with imported trout fillets First outbreak of VHS of trout in the UK linked with imported rainbow trout for processing. European sheatfish virus to Finland via live farmed sheatfish imports First cases of SVC in Switzerland, USA, Denmark linked with koi carp imports

45 Some examples of international spread of aquatic animal diseases Koi herpes virus disease via to many countries via international trade in koi carp. Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) to Chile from??

46 Outbreaks of ISA in Chile since 2007 have had a devastating impact on the salmon farming industry, causing a massive reduction in production and in export volumes. Economic losses of many $100 millions. High numbers of farms closed and large numbers of job losses. Will take years to recover. A national disaster.

47 The most dramatic examples of major epizootics caused by international trade in aquaculture animals are the viral diseases of farmed shrimp, particularly White Spot Disease (WSD).

48 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WHITE SPOT DISEASE OF SHRIMP China (1993): US$ >400 million lost Thailand (1996): US$ >500 million lost

49 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WHITE SPOT DISEASE OF SHRIMP Ecuador (1999) US$ >280 million lost Ecuador (2000) US$ >575 million lost * All farms affected * Production area of 175,000 hectares halved * >500,000 jobs lost * Presidential decree of State of emergency issued * National Stability Fund used

50 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WHITE SPOT DISEASE OF SHRIMP Peru (Aug 99 - Apr 00) : US$ 100 million lost * Exports down from US$50m. to US$3m. * Production area fell from 3500 to 500 hectares * Banks restricting finance because of high risk

51 Why such spread? International trade in live shrimp (post-larvae) $$$!!

52 Global Transfers of Live Shrimp Hawaii Tahiti

53 Is pagasius catfish farming also at risk from disease incursion causing the next big production collapse?

54 The OIE standards and guidance in the Aquatic Code and Aquatic Manual aim to reduce such risks

55 Thank you for your attention