For this assignment, use the Chapter about Fish that is found on me website, NOT YOUR BOOK.

Transcription

1 Name: For this assignment, use the Chapter about Fish that is found on me website, NOT YOUR BOOK. 1. Lampreys and hagfish lack (JAWS) and instead, have many rows of (TEETH ) The lamprey is a problem because it is a (PARASITE) on fish in the Great Lakes What are three things currently being done to control the lamprey problem in the Great Lakes region? (refer to the reading on my website) A. ELECTRIC TRAPS THAT KILL THEM AS THEY MAKE THEIR WAY UPSTREAM B. A POISON THAT KILLS THE LARVAL FORM, BEFOR THEY CAN DEVELOP INTO AN ADULT C. BILE ACIDS ARE BEING USES TO CHANGE THE WAY THEY MIGRATE (In addition to your text pg , see Eyewitness: Fish, pages for #7 through #10) 7. Sharks, rays and skates have skeletons composed of (CARTILAGE) 8. Sharks replace their (TEETH) throughout their life; up to several thousand. 9. The sense of (SMELL) is particularly well developed in the shark and can lead them to prey over large distances. 10. The (COELOCANTH) is an ancient fish that was thought to have been extinct until it was rediscovered by Mary Latimer. See Eyewitness Fish page 13. It is thought that the fleshy lobes of fish such as these led to sturdier limbs. For this reason, lobe finned fish are believed to share an ancestor with (fill in the blank) AMPHIBIANS. Hint: Refer to Eyewitness Fish, pgs. 8 & 9 to answer # The respiratory organs of the bony fishes are called (GILLS). 12. The surface area for absorbing oxygen is greatly increased by (GILL FILAMENTS or LAMELLAE). 13. A substance between scales which lubricates the fish s body and also protects it skin from bacterial infections. (see Eyewitness Fish pg.6) MUCUS 14. OPERCULUM The (14) is a shield that covers the gills on each side of the head. (Eyewitness Fish pg.6)

2 15.CHROMATOPHORE Specialized cells called (15) provide pigments in the fishes (skin). Recall this vocabulary term from the Mollusk unit. Refer to Eyewitness Fish, pgs. 16 & 17 for a sample of color range. 16.FINS Fish are able to maneuver through the water through the use of (16) which may be single or in pairs. 17.LATERAL LINE The row of pitted scales that extends from the head to the tail is the (17). (see pg. 783) 18. Explain the function of the structure listed in #17? (refer to the top of page 7 in Eyewitness: Fish for a detailed explanation with a good diagram) (3 points) 19. Excretory organs (those that remove wastes), such as the (GILLS) and ( KIDNEYS) help the organism maintain a stable level of salt and water in the blood. This stable state of biological balance is known as (HOMEOSTASIS). (See page 782.) Chemoreception (pg.783), describes the heightened senses of (SMELL) and (TASTE) in fish The (24) is a structure used to regulate the buoyancy of a fish. (see page 787) AIR BLADDER / SWIM BLADDER/ GAS BLADDER. All these terms are different ways of saying the same thing You have probably heard of animals being referred to as warm or cold blooded. These descriptions are misleading. The correct terminology is endothermic (warm blooded) and ectothermic (cold blooded). Using the glossary of you text book. Define each in the space below. (4 points) Endothermic - ORGANISMS THAT MAINTAIN A CONSTANT BODY TEMPERATURE REGARDLESS OF OUTSIDE TEMPERATURES. THE ONLY ENDOTHERMIC ANIMALS ARE BIRDS AND MAMMALS Ectothermic- ORGANISMS WHOSE BODY TEMPERATURE CHANGES WITH OUTSIDE CONDITIONS. BODY TEMPERATURE IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE TEMPERATURE OF THEIR HABITAT AND CHANGES THROUGOUT A DAY OR WITH THE SEASONS.

3 After reading about the circulatory system of the fish, use the word bank below to identify the structures in the figure below. veins conus arteriosis artery atrium sinus venosus ventricle ATRIUM a VEINS ARTERY SINUS VENOSUS VENTRICLE CONUS ARTERIOSIS Fish are the first animal to have a brain that is similar to our own, with specific parts doing specific things. Match the part of the fish s nervous system with its function. See page 792. E optic lobes C olfactory lobes D cerebellum A medulla oblongata B spinal chord A. controls the activity of internal organs B. these carry nerve impulses to, and from the brain C. these lobes are associated with interpreting odors D. coordinates the movement of muscles and helps with balance E. receives impulses form the eyes 40. Animals with backbones are called (A) molluscs (B) invertebrates (C) vertebrates (D) mammals 41. An example of a jawless fish is a (A) shark (B) ray (C) bass (D) lamprey 43. The lateral line of fish is linked with what sense? (A) touch (B) taste (C) sight (D) smell 44. The operculum of a fish (A) are special scales that cover the body (B) protects the gills (C) make mucus (D) provides color 45. Which word is not linked with the parts of a gill (see page 9 of the Eyewitness: Fish book)?

4 (A) arch (B) filament (C) raker (D) scale 46. Which statement about fish is not true? (A) some can walk on land (B) they are endothermic (C) they breathe with gills (D) some have skeletons made of cartilage 47. Which part of the gill is acutally involved in the in the uptake of O2 from water passing over it? (see pg.791) (A) gill rakers (B) operculum (C) gill arches (D) gill filaments 48. The air / gas bladder is used (A) as a source of oxygen (B) as a float in that it allows the fish to vary its depth in water (C) to aerate the gills (D) all of these 49. Which fish does not have a skeleton made of bone? (A) carp (B) blue gill (C) stingray (D) perch Select the term that does not belong and provide an explanation why it does not belong (2 pts.each) 50. (A) trout (B) shark (C) northern pike (D) perch (E) salmon Sharks have skeletons made of cartilage, the rest have skeletons made of bone 51. (A) artery (B) vein (C) stomach (D) vein (E) heart The stomach is a digestive system organ, the other structures are associated with the circulator system 52. (A) dorsal (B) anal (C) pectoral (D) operculum (E) caudal The operculum is a shield that covers the gills, the other terms are associated with different kinds of fins. 53. (A) olfactory lobes (B) cerebrum (C) liver (D) optic lobe (E) cerebellum 54. (A) scales (B) lateral line (C) chromatophores (D) heart (E) mucus The heart does not belong with the other terms because it does not have anything to do with the outside covering of the fish. After reading, What Do You Know About Sharks? (see website) answer the following in complete sentences. 55. Are all sharks dangerous to humans? Which are the most dangerous? (2 pts.) 56. List three things that interested you most from the article that you did not know before? (2 pts.)

5 After reading Predators in Peril, (see website) answer the following using complete sentences. 57. What did the people fighting for sharks have in common? Do you think this is strange? Explain. (2 pts.) 58. What are three reasons sharks species are in trouble? (3 pts.) 59. Sharks are described as apex predators. What does this mean? How are apex predators important in food webs? (2 pts.) After reading Skin Care, (see website) answer the following using complete sentences. 60. Explain what Sharklet is and what is special about its design. (2 pts.) 61. What are two applications of Sharklet right now? (2 pts.) 62. What is the difficulty in getting Sharklet to work on ships to reduce biofilm? (2 pts.) 63. After reading Scientists hearts beat fast for toadfish s potential (see website), explain why scientists are interested in this animal. Provide TWO specific reasons. (4 pts.) After reading the handout Fascinating Fish Facts match the term on the right with its description on the left. 64. E Bluehead wrasse A. Only endothermic fish, swimming at speed of 55 mph. 65. B Koi Fish B. Can live up to 100 years 66. G Desert fish and Arctic Cod C. Secretions are used as healing ointments 67. C Catfish D. Can live in fresh water and salt water 68. F Archerfish E. Can change its gender back and forth during its lifetime 69. A Tuna F. Shoots streams of water at prey

6 70. D Salmon G. Extremophiles (see a dictionary if you forgot this term)