VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION & DIVERSITY

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION & DIVERSITY"

Transcription

1 VERTEBRATE EVOLUTION & DIVERSITY 1 ANIMAL DIVERSITY No true tissues Ancestral protist True tissues Radial symmetry True Animals Bilateral symmetry Bilateral Animals Deuterostomes Lophotrochophores Ecdysozoans Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Molluscs Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates 2 LAYERS FORM 3 LAYERS: PIT = mouth 3 LAYERS: PIT = anus 2 1

2 CHORDATES Backboned animals also referred to as vertebrates Dorsal hollow nerve cord Flexible notochord Pharyngeal slits behind mouth Post anal tail Present in chordate embryos 3 HAGFISHES AND LAMPREYS Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata HAGFISHES (1 st Craniates) Has a head Blind; scavengers Feed from the inside out! Slime for protection Slime glands LAMPREYS (1 st Vertebrates) Head and vertebral column Larval suspension feeders in streams Adult parasites in the oceans or lakes 4 2

3 SHARKS AND RAYS (jawed vertebrates) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Gill slits Skeletal rods Skull Mouth Current hypthothesis: jaws may have evolved from a modification of bones in front of the fill slits. Hinged jaw 5 SHARKS AND RAYS (1 st jawed vertebrates) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Evolved 440 mya Cartilaginous fishes (do not fossilized well) Sharks: open water predators, ampullae of lorenzini Rays: live on the sandy seafloor Lateral line system 6 3

4 RAY FINNED FISHES (jawed vertebrates) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Bony fishes Delicate ray like fins Gills Bony skeleton Flattened scales w/mucus Operculum Swim bladder evolved from primitive lung Operculum Swim bladder Many adaptations to colonize many aquatic habitats (over 27,000 spp) 7 LOBED FIN FISHES (jawed vertebrates) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Sarcopterygii Rod shaped bones in strong pectoral and pelvic fins for walking Lungfishes can gulp air; coelacanth is a living fosssil (video for today) Ancestors Link aquatic and land chordates 8 4

5 AMPHIBIANS (1 st tetrapods) Likely morphological progression from lungfish to land animals Devonian Carboniferous Permian Lungfishes Limbs with digits Time known to exist Amphibians Amniotes Key to limb bones Humerus Radius Ulna 9 AMPHIBIANS (1 st tetrapods) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia Salamanders, snakes, frogs Found in damp habitats; some terrestrial (toads vs frogs) Need water for reproduction (eggs dry out) Dehydration is a problem Undergo metamorphosis (tadpole frog) Global decrease in amphibians! 10 5

6 AMNIOTES Evolution of the amniotic egg solved problem of reproducing on land Embryo Amnion (fluid like sac) Waterproof shell for protection and moisture Allantois (waste) Chorion (gas exchange) Chorion Yolk (nutrients) Albumen / egg white (more nutrients) 11 REPTILES & BIRDS (Amniotes) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptila / Class Aves REPTILES ADAPTED FOR LAND: Thick scales Ectothermic or cold blooded Suited for low food conditions Dinosaurs, crocs, alligators, turtles, snakes, lizards BIRDS ADAPTED FOR FLIGHT: Descendants of dinosaurs Few bones in tail; great eyes Light bones; few teeth Endothermic or warm blooded Complex circulation; lungs Archaeopteryx Drawing of primitive bird based on fossil evidence 12 6

7 Ancestral chordate Lancelets Tunicates Chordates Head Vertebral column Jaws Lungs or lung derivatives Hagfishes Lampreys Sharks, rays Ray-finned fishes Lobe-fins Jawed vertebrates Vertebrates Craniates Lobed fins Legs Amniotic egg Milk Amphibians Reptiles Mammals Amniotes Tetrapods 13 MAMMALS (Amniotes w/ hair and mammary glands) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia First mammals 200 mya; much smaller than now Endothermic; complex circulation; 4 chamber heart; highly mobile Lots of adaptations: teeth, reproduction; MONOTREMES Lay eggs Platypus, anteater MARSUPIALS Short gestation Opposum, kangaroos EUTHERIANS Placental mammals Humans, zebras 14 7

8 EUTHERIAN CLADES 15 PRIMATES Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Lemurs, lorises, and pottos Tarsiers Anthropoids: monkeys and apes w/ opposable thumbs Monkeys: equal length fore/hind limbs Old World vs. New World monkeys New World monkeys Old World monkeys Gibbons Orangutans Monkeys Apes Anthropoids Gorillas Chimpanzees Humans 16 8

9 PRIMATES Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Lemurs, lorises, and pottos Tarsiers APES No tail; forelimbs longer than back Larger brain relative to body size Big toe is widely separated for grasping trees Genes of humans and chimps are 99% identical New World monkeys Old World monkeys Gibbons Orangutans Gorillas Chimpanzees Monkeys Apes Anthropoids Chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor Humans 17 HOMININS Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Millions of years ago Paranthropus boisei Australopithecus africanus Australopithecus afarensis Ardipithecus ramidus Sahelanthropus tchadensis Paranthropus robustus Australopithecus sediba ergaster habilis erectus Hominins are species more closely related to humans than apes? sapiens neanderthalensis 18 9

10 19 HUMANS Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominin Genus Large brain relative to body size Mean brain volume (cm 3 ) 1,500 1,300 1, neanderthalensis sapiens erectus ergaster habilis Paranthropus boisei Chimpanzee Gorilla 300 Australopithecus afarensis Mean body mass (kg) 20 10

11 ECOLOGY(CH ) The study of interactions of organisms with their environment ABIOTIC FACTORS: light Temperature Water Inorganic nutrients (N,P) Oxygen for aquatic species BIOTIC FACTORS: Food Predators Competitors for food and mates Humans! 21 ECOLOGY Provides insight into environmental changes In 1950 s we wanted to control nature (livestock, agriculture, disease) Chemical pesticides invented (DDT) By the late 1950 s people became concerned with pesticide use Large impacts on birds of prey Book: Silent Spring

12 REQUIRED VIDEO The core concepts of this material are fair game for exams! The Coelacanth: A living fossil of a fish See link on the course website:

Animal Evolution: Chordate and Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity (Learning Outline)

Animal Evolution: Chordate and Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity (Learning Outline) Animal Evolution: Chordate and Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity (Learning Outline) 1. Distinguishing features of the phylum Chordata and representative organisms. 2. Highlights of evolutionary steps

More information

Animals II: The Chordates

Animals II: The Chordates Animals II: The Chordates Phylum : Chordata Subphylum: Urochordata: Tunicates Cephalochordata: Lancelets Vertebrata: Vertebrates Chordate Characteristics Bilaterally symmetrical, coelomate animals Complete

More information

The Deuterostomes and the rise of the Vertebrates: from Echinoderms to Man

The Deuterostomes and the rise of the Vertebrates: from Echinoderms to Man The Deuterostomes and the rise of the Vertebrates: from Echinoderms to Man 1 The Deuterostomes Calcarea and Silicea Cnidaria Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa Deuterostomia 2 The Ancestral Deuterostome Bilateral

More information

AP Biology - Zimmerman Guided Reading Chapter 34

AP Biology - Zimmerman Guided Reading Chapter 34 AP Biology - Zimmerman Guided Reading Chapter 34 1. List the four characteristics of the members of the Phylum Chordata. Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. Define the following terms: a. notochord b. Dorsal nerve cord

More information

Biol Echinoderms & Chordates. But first a few words about Development

Biol Echinoderms & Chordates. But first a few words about Development Biol 1309 Echinoderms & Chordates 1 But first a few words about Development Blastula- zygote first develops into a hollow ball of cells Deuterostome - mouth second Protostome - mouth first Cleavage - describes

More information

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (lancelets) Myxini (hagfishes) Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfishes)

More information

Biology 11 - Chapter 31 Assignment

Biology 11 - Chapter 31 Assignment Name: Class: Date: Biology 11 - Chapter 31 Assignment True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Echinoderms exhibit their invertebrate heritage by their hard exoskeletons made of calcium

More information

PHYLUM CHORDATA: Subphylum vertebrata

PHYLUM CHORDATA: Subphylum vertebrata PHYLUM CHORDATA: Subphylum vertebrata There are three basic characteristics that distinguish Phylum Chordata from all other animal phyla: The presence of a flexible, rod-like, internal supporting structure

More information

EVOLUTION OF ANIMALS CHAPTERS 18 & 19: ANIMAL EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY ANIMALS. Honors Biology Fig Fig. 18.2

EVOLUTION OF ANIMALS CHAPTERS 18 & 19: ANIMAL EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY ANIMALS. Honors Biology Fig Fig. 18.2 CHAPTERS 18 & 19: ANIMAL EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY Honors Biology 2012 1 ANIMALS Egg Fig. 18.1 Sperm 2 Eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls Most animal cells are diploid Haploid

More information

BI 101: Chordate Animals & Biodiversity

BI 101: Chordate Animals & Biodiversity BI 101: Chordate Animals & Biodiversity Final Exam tomorrow Announcements Same time, same place Review Mary s Peak biodiversity results Lab 10 today 1 Deuterostome Development 2 Phylum Chordata Contains

More information

Phylum Chordata (Focus will be on Subphylum Vertebrata) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata

Phylum Chordata (Focus will be on Subphylum Vertebrata) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Phylum Chordata (Focus will be on Subphylum Vertebrata) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata - All members have three basic characteristics: 1) a hollow dorsal nerve cord, - spinal cord has small fluid fill

More information

Vertebrates. Chapter 34. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Vertebrates. Chapter 34. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 34 Vertebrates PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright

More information

Phylum Chordata Featuring Vertebrate Animals

Phylum Chordata Featuring Vertebrate Animals Phylum Chordata Featuring Vertebrate Animals Prepared by Diana C. Wheat For Linn-Benton Community College Characteristics All have a notochord: a stiff but flexible rod that extends the length of the body

More information

Kingdom Animalia part 2.notebook. April 08, The fun continues... Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia part 2.notebook. April 08, The fun continues... Kingdom Animalia The fun continues....... Kingdom Animalia 1 2 Joint legged animals (arthropoda) found from the bottom of the ocean to high above the Earth's surface included insects, arachnid, and crustacean hard external

More information

The Animal Kingdom. The Chordates

The Animal Kingdom. The Chordates The Animal Kingdom The Chordates Phylum Hemichordata Hemichordata (hemi = half; chordata= cord) acorn worm entirely marine adults show 3 of 4 basic characteristics: 1) pharyngial pouches 2) dorsal tubular

More information

Chordates 1. Biology 2

Chordates 1. Biology 2 Chordates 1 Biology 2 Kingdom Animals Eukaryotic Multicellular - Many cell types Heterotrophic Feed by ingestion No cell walls Diploid life cycle Phylogenetic Tree Deuterostome Bilateral Symmetry 3 tissues

More information

2/17/2017. Lec. 11: Ch. 32 Deuterostomes

2/17/2017. Lec. 11: Ch. 32 Deuterostomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lec. 11: Ch. 32 Deuterostomes Deuterostomes Radial cleavage Indeterminant blastomeres Blastopore becomes anus Coelom forms by outpouching of the gut (enterocoelous) Phylum Echinodermata

More information

Fishes and Amphibians Objectives

Fishes and Amphibians Objectives Fishes and Amphibians Objectives List the four common body parts of chordates. Describe the two main characteristics of vertebrates. Explain the difference between an ectotherm and an endotherm. Describe

More information

BIOLOGY 11 CHORDATES

BIOLOGY 11 CHORDATES BIOLOGY 11 CHORDATES All chordates share 4 general characteristics: 1. Notochord a dorsal supporting rod located below the nerve cord toward the back in vertebrates, the embryonic notochord is replaced

More information

Figure 1: Chordate Characteristics

Figure 1: Chordate Characteristics I. General Chordate Characteristics Chordates are distinguished as a group by the presence of four embryonic features that may persist into adulthood in some species, but disappear as development progresses

More information

Lecture Notes Chapter 14

Lecture Notes Chapter 14 Lecture Notes Chapter 14 I. Chordata- phylum A. 3 subphyla 1. Urochordata 2. Cephalochordata 3. Vertebrata II. Characteristics of all Chordates (found during some part of the life cycle) A. All have a

More information

February 17, Unit 2. Biodiversity. Chordata, the vertebrates

February 17, Unit 2. Biodiversity. Chordata, the vertebrates Unit 2 Biodiversity Chordata, the vertebrates Phylum Chordata Examples: Sea squirts, fish, birds, dinosaurs, humans. General characteristics: 1. Bilaterally symmetrical 2. Coelomate 3. One way digestive

More information

Animal Diversity. Kingdom Animalia

Animal Diversity. Kingdom Animalia 7ch11 Animal Diversity Kingdom Animalia Animal Characteristics 1. animals are eukaryotes and are multicellular 2. cells are specialized for different functions (vision,digestion,reproduction) 3. protein,

More information

Dorsal hollow nerve chord that forms spinal cord and brain. VERTEBRATES [OVERVIEW - OVERHEAD, similar to fig. 19.1, p. 390]:

Dorsal hollow nerve chord that forms spinal cord and brain. VERTEBRATES [OVERVIEW - OVERHEAD, similar to fig. 19.1, p. 390]: Phylum Chordata (44,000 species) Dorsal hollow nerve chord that forms spinal cord and brain Notochord at some stage of life cycle Gill slits at some point in life cycle VERTEBRATES [OVERVIEW - OVERHEAD,

More information

Vertebrate Animals. DOMAIN- Eukarya KINGDOM- Animalia PHYLUM- Chordata SUBPHYLUM- Vertebrata CLASS- 7 different»orders- 10 Placental mammals

Vertebrate Animals. DOMAIN- Eukarya KINGDOM- Animalia PHYLUM- Chordata SUBPHYLUM- Vertebrata CLASS- 7 different»orders- 10 Placental mammals Vertebrate Animals DOMAIN- Eukarya KINGDOM- Animalia PHYLUM- Chordata SUBPHYLUM- Vertebrata CLASS- 7 different»orders- 10 Placental mammals Characteristics of ALL vertebrates Backbone Endoskeleton Distinct

More information

Symmetry. Asymmetrical- no shape. Radial- same in half when cut any angle. Bilateral- having a distinct right and left side

Symmetry. Asymmetrical- no shape. Radial- same in half when cut any angle. Bilateral- having a distinct right and left side Symmetry Asymmetrical- no shape Radial- same in half when cut any angle Bilateral- having a distinct right and left side Invertebrates 95% of Animals No Backbone The simplest animals and they do not have

More information

NOTES: Ch 34 - Mammals & Primate / Human Evolution ( )

NOTES: Ch 34 - Mammals & Primate / Human Evolution ( ) NOTES: Ch 34 - Mammals & Primate / Human Evolution (34.7-34.8) Class: MAMMALIA Mammals possess unique derived characteristics: 1) Provide young with milk (mammary glands) 2) Internal fertilization; some

More information

Outline. Evolution: Human Evolution. Primates reflect a treedwelling. Key Concepts:

Outline. Evolution: Human Evolution. Primates reflect a treedwelling. Key Concepts: Evolution: Human Evolution Primates reflect a treedwelling heritage Outline 1. Key concepts 2. Characteristics of primates 3. Prosimians and anthropoids 4. The first hominids: Ardipithecus 5. The first

More information

Body Plan of the Chordates. Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, blocks of muscle, post-anal tail

Body Plan of the Chordates. Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, blocks of muscle, post-anal tail Chordata The Major Groups Invertebrate Chordates Fishes Class: Agnatha Class Condrichthyes Class Osteichthyes Class: Amphibia Class: Reptilia Class: Aves Class: Mammalia Body Plan of the Chordates Notochord,

More information

Unit 19.2: Fish. Vocabulary fish spawning swim bladder

Unit 19.2: Fish. Vocabulary fish spawning swim bladder Unit 19.2: Fish Lesson Objectives Describe structure and function in fish. Explain how fish reproduce and develop. Give an overview of the five living classes of fish. Summarize the evolution of fish.

More information

Arthropods, Echinoderms, and Chordates

Arthropods, Echinoderms, and Chordates Arthropods, Echinoderms, and Chordates Bi 10 10/22/2013 Revised Schedule Friday, Nov. 22: Chapter 17, Part 2 Chapter 15, 16 Reading Quiz Due Wednesday, Nov. 27: Special Lecture: Review + World s Weirdest

More information

I n t r o d u c t i o n. A n i m a l s

I n t r o d u c t i o n. A n i m a l s I n t r o d u c t i o n t o A n i m a l s What is an Animal? Taxonomy: Kingdom Animalia Type of Cells: Eukaryotic Cellular Organization: Multicellular Reproduction: Sexual / Asexual Feeding: Heterotrophic

More information

Kingdom Animalia. Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophs Lack Cell Walls

Kingdom Animalia. Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophs Lack Cell Walls Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophs Lack Cell Walls Must do: Feed, Respiration, Circulation, Excretion, Response, Movement, and Reproduction Symmetry Asymmetrical- no shape Radial- same

More information

The Human Animal. The Human Timescale. Geological Timescale. Millions of Years. Periods Jurassic. Major events

The Human Animal. The Human Timescale. Geological Timescale. Millions of Years. Periods Jurassic. Major events The Human Animal The Human Timescale Geological Timescale Millions of Years Periods Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Tertiary Quat. Major events Dinosaurs Evolve and Expand Start of Age of Reptiles

More information

The Human Animal. The Human Timescale. Geological Timescale. Millions of Years. Periods Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Tertiary Quat.

The Human Animal. The Human Timescale. Geological Timescale. Millions of Years. Periods Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Tertiary Quat. The Human Animal 1 The Human Timescale 2 Geological Timescale Millions of Years Periods Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Tertiary Quat. Major events Start of Age of Reptiles Dinosaurs Evolve and Expand

More information

The Human Animal. Species. The Human Timescale. Geological Timescale. Primate Evolution Primate Ancestor

The Human Animal. Species. The Human Timescale. Geological Timescale. Primate Evolution Primate Ancestor The Human Animal The Human Timescale 1 2 Geological Timescale Species Millions of Years Periods Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Tertiary Quat. Major events Dinosaurs Evolve and Expand Start of Age

More information

Chs 18 and 19. For Next Week

Chs 18 and 19. For Next Week Chs 18 and 19 For Next Week Lab: Vertebrate questions due next week Next week be on time! Field trip! Dress for walking, maybe for working. Lecture: Homework: Identification 1 bird, 2 invertebrates Paragraph

More information

Chordates. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege

Chordates. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Chordates Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Vertebrates are members of the kingdom Animalia and the phylum Chordata ([link]). Recall that animals that possess bilateral symmetry can be divided into two groups protostomes

More information

Phylum Chordata. Chief characteristics (some are embryonic):

Phylum Chordata. Chief characteristics (some are embryonic): Phylum Chordata Vertebrates, sea squirts or tunicates, lancelets such as Amphioxus. Name: "Chord" means "string," referring to the nerve cord and/or notochord. Geologic range: Cambrian to Holocene. Mode

More information

Outline 15: Paleozoic Life

Outline 15: Paleozoic Life Outline 15: Paleozoic Life The Evolution of Vertebrates: Fish and Amphibians Phylum Chordata All chordates have a dorsal nerve cord. Chordates with vertebrae are the vertebrates. The vertebrae surround

More information

Outline 15: Paleozoic Life. The Evolution of Vertebrates: Fish and Amphibians

Outline 15: Paleozoic Life. The Evolution of Vertebrates: Fish and Amphibians Outline 15: Paleozoic Life The Evolution of Vertebrates: Fish and Amphibians Phylum Chordata All chordates have a dorsal nerve cord. Chordates with vertebrae are the vertebrates. The vertebrae surround

More information

Chapter 34A: The Origin & Evolution of Vertebrates I. 1. Overview of the Chordates 2. Invertebrate Chordates

Chapter 34A: The Origin & Evolution of Vertebrates I. 1. Overview of the Chordates 2. Invertebrate Chordates Chapter 34A: The Origin & Evolution of Vertebrates I 1. Overview of the Chordates 2. Invertebrate Chordates 1. Overview of Chordates Echinodermata Phylogeny of ANCESTRAL DEUTEROSTOME NOTOCHORD Common ancestor

More information

1. Overview of Chordates

1. Overview of Chordates Chapter 34A: The Origin & Evolution of Vertebrates I 1. Overview of the Chordates 2. Invertebrate Chordates 1. Overview of Chordates Echinodermata ANCESTRAL DEUTEROSTOME NOTOCHORD Common ancestor of chordates

More information

12/1/14. Speciation and Human Evolution. The Time Course of Speciation. Speciation Rates

12/1/14. Speciation and Human Evolution. The Time Course of Speciation. Speciation Rates Speciation and Human Evolution References: chapters 24 (first few slides) 34 (last few pages of chapter) Speciation can occur rapidly or slowly, and can result from changes in few or many genes Many questions

More information

Primate Evolution. Section 1. Primates

Primate Evolution. Section 1. Primates Section 1 Primates Characteristics of Primates! Manual dexterity! Five digits on each hand and foot! Flat nails and sensitive areas on the ends of their digits! The first digits are opposable. Section

More information

Class Polychaeta: Marine Worms

Class Polychaeta: Marine Worms Class Polychaeta: Marine Worms Animal Phyla Phylum Mollusca (Snails, Clams, Octopods and Allies): Radula: rasping tongue Shell: 3 layers, mostly calcium carbonate Inner-most = nacre = mother of pearl Mantle:

More information

General Biology 1004 Chapter 17 Lecture Handout, Summer 2005 Dr. Frisby

General Biology 1004 Chapter 17 Lecture Handout, Summer 2005 Dr. Frisby Slide 1 CHAPTER 17 The Evolution of Animals PowerPoint Lecture Slides for Essential Biology, Second Edition & Essential Biology with Physiology Neil Campbell, Jane Reece, and Eric Simon Presentation prepared

More information

Chapter 12 Marine Fishes

Chapter 12 Marine Fishes Chapter 12 Marine Fishes Marine Protochordates Phylum: Chordata (nerve cord) Subphylum: Protochordata first chordates/primitive Primitive species of marine vertebrates Do not have advanced features (backbone)

More information

Climate Researchers Feeling Heat. By Juliet Eilperin Washington Post Staff Writer Thursday, April 6, 2006; A27

Climate Researchers Feeling Heat. By Juliet Eilperin Washington Post Staff Writer Thursday, April 6, 2006; A27 Biology 2010 April 19, 2006 Readings - From Text (Campbell et al. Biology, 7 th ed.) Chapter 34 pp. 671-707. Climate Researchers Feeling Heat. By Juliet Eilperin Washington Post Staff Writer Thursday,

More information

Study Guide Primates and Human Evolution. Where do you fit into the natural world? Characteristics of Primates

Study Guide Primates and Human Evolution. Where do you fit into the natural world? Characteristics of Primates Study Guide Primates and Human Evolution Describe the traits of primates.! Classify yourself taxonomically.! What traits make you human?! Describe the evolutionary trends in hominin species over the past

More information

Chapter 39. Table of Contents. Section 1 Introduction to Vertebrates. Section 2 Jawless and Cartilaginous Fishes. Section 3 Bony Fishes.

Chapter 39. Table of Contents. Section 1 Introduction to Vertebrates. Section 2 Jawless and Cartilaginous Fishes. Section 3 Bony Fishes. Fishes Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction to Vertebrates Section 2 Jawless and Cartilaginous Fishes Section 3 Bony Fishes Section 1 Introduction to Vertebrates Objectives Identify the distinguishing

More information

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata. The vertebrates and their relatives

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata. The vertebrates and their relatives Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata The vertebrates and their relatives Figure 23.02 Phylum Chordata 5 Characteristics of a chordate 1. A dorsal hollow nerve cord (spinal cord in vertebrates) 2. A notochord

More information

Kingdom Animalia: Sponges. Types of Body Symmetry Radial body parts are symmetrical around a central point (like a pie)

Kingdom Animalia: Sponges. Types of Body Symmetry Radial body parts are symmetrical around a central point (like a pie) Kingdom Animalia: Phylum Characteristics Types of Body Symmetry Radial body parts are symmetrical around a central point (like a pie) Bilateral right and left sides are alike and roughly equally proportional

More information

Biology. Slide 1 of 53. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Biology. Slide 1 of 53. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology 1 of 53 Chapter 33 Comparing Chordates 2 of 53 This chapter is a good revision of the material we saw during Unit III. 3 of 53 4 of 53 Controlling Body Temperature The control of body temperature

More information

Classification. Phylum Chordata

Classification. Phylum Chordata AP Biology Chapter 23 Exercise #17: Chordates: Urochordata & Cephalochordata Lab Guide Chordates show remarkable diversity. Most are vertebrates. All animals that belong to this phylum MUST, at some point

More information

Clavicle well developed (allows increase flexibility, supports arms). Five digits, front and rear. Often thumb (and big toe) opposable.

Clavicle well developed (allows increase flexibility, supports arms). Five digits, front and rear. Often thumb (and big toe) opposable. Human evolution. It d be nice to spend some time with some other groups (e.g. dinosaurs), but this just isn t possible in a survey course like this. BUT, we will spend a little time on human evolution!

More information

Biology 11. Phylum Chordata: Subphylum Vertebrata: The Fishys

Biology 11. Phylum Chordata: Subphylum Vertebrata: The Fishys Biology 11 Phylum Chordata: Subphylum Vertebrata: The Fishys Phylum Chordata is typically divided into four subphyla: Higher Chordates We are going to spend the next few classes talking about the Subphylum

More information

Mammals Grew 1,000 Times Larger After the Demise of the Dinosaurs

Mammals Grew 1,000 Times Larger After the Demise of the Dinosaurs Mammals Grew 1,000 Times Larger After the Demise of the Dinosaurs The largest land mammals that ever lived, Indricotherium and Deinotherium, would have towered over the living African Elephant. Indricotherium

More information

Human evolution. Fascinating subject - where did we come from? History of Primates:

Human evolution. Fascinating subject - where did we come from? History of Primates: Human evolution. Fascinating subject - where did we come from? History of Primates: - evolved from shrews during Cretaceous (so an older order) about 65 mya. - Some characteristics of primates: - clavicle

More information

Figure Figure Phylum Chordata. Possess a dorsal, tubular nerve cord Notochord Pharyngeal gill slits Postanal tail

Figure Figure Phylum Chordata. Possess a dorsal, tubular nerve cord Notochord Pharyngeal gill slits Postanal tail Figure 17.2 Figure 18.3 Phylum Chordata Possess a dorsal, tubular nerve cord Notochord Pharyngeal gill slits Postanal tail 1 Other Characteristics of Phylum Chordata Bilateral symmetry Deuterostome, triploblastic,

More information

Marine Animals. II. The Chordates. OCN 201 Biology Lecture 7

Marine Animals. II. The Chordates. OCN 201 Biology Lecture 7 Marine Animals II. The Chordates OCN 201 Biology Lecture 7 The Animal Family Tree Chordates Arthropods Segmented Worms Mollusks mouth first anus first Echinoderms Cnidarians Round Worms Ctenophores Flatworms

More information

The Animal Kingdom: The Deuterostomes. Deuterostomes. Phylum Echinodermata 4/23/2012. Chapter 31. (bilateral ciliated larvae)

The Animal Kingdom: The Deuterostomes. Deuterostomes. Phylum Echinodermata 4/23/2012. Chapter 31. (bilateral ciliated larvae) Porifera Porifera Cnidaria Cnidaria Ctenophora Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Platyhelminthes Nemerteans Nemerteans Nematoda Nematoda Rotifera Rotifera Tardigrada Tardigrada Onychophora Onychophora Arthropoda

More information

Is a seahorse a fish, amphibian, or reptile? FISH

Is a seahorse a fish, amphibian, or reptile? FISH Ch. 30 Loulousis Is a seahorse a fish, amphibian, or reptile? FISH Vertebral Column (Endoskeleton) Gills Single-loop circulation Kidneys Also share all the characteristics of chordates such as notochord,

More information

Ch17_Animals. Animals Multicellular eukaryotes. What is an animal? Animal development. Main differences with plants Main differences with fungi

Ch17_Animals. Animals Multicellular eukaryotes. What is an animal? Animal development. Main differences with plants Main differences with fungi Animals Multicellular eukaryotes Domain Domain Kingdoms Main differences with plants Main differences with fungi What is an animal? Domain Nutritional mode: Heterotrophic (Ingestive) Level of organization:

More information

Introduction. Learning About Vertebrates. Introduction

Introduction. Learning About Vertebrates. Introduction Introduction Introduction Welcome to a fantastic book devoted to a special group of animals called vertebrates. The animal kingdom is made up of more kinds of organisms (living things) than all of the

More information

Readings in Chapter 2, 3, and 7.

Readings in Chapter 2, 3, and 7. Early Vertebrates Readings in Chapter 2, 3, and 7. Using the Tree of Life Web Project www.tolweb.org org A project to put the entire tree of life, a phylogeny of all life, on the web. Biologists world-wide

More information

Who can I work with and what is the project worth?

Who can I work with and what is the project worth? You will create a guide to understanding the classification and that define the Kingdom Animalia. Your guide will include the 9 major phyla, the level of organization present in the members of the phyla,

More information

Chordates. Chapter 23

Chordates. Chapter 23 Chordates Chapter 23 Phylum Chordata By the end of the Cambrian period, 540 million years ago, an astonishing variety of animals inhabited Earth s oceans. One of these types of animals gave rise to vertebrates,

More information

Origin and Importance! ! Fish were the first vertebrates to appear on Earth about 500 million years ago.

Origin and Importance! ! Fish were the first vertebrates to appear on Earth about 500 million years ago. 2/9/14 Origin and Importance Evolution Marine Fish Fish were the first vertebrates to appear on Earth about 500 million years ago. Fish are the most economically important organism and are a vital source

More information

CHORDATA SK.M.BASHA Phylum Chordata Vertebrates, sea squirts or tunicates, lancelets such as Amphioxus. Name: "Chord" means "string", referring to the nerve cord and/or notochord. Chief characteristics:

More information

Class Osteichthyes. Bony Fish

Class Osteichthyes. Bony Fish Class Osteichthyes Bony Fish General Characteristics of Class internal skeleton ossified (turned to bone) Paired fins made of rays and spines, or lobed fins swim bladder or lung present bony scales (ganoid,

More information

8 Studying Hominids In ac t i v i t y 5, Using Fossil Evidence to Investigate Whale Evolution, you

8 Studying Hominids In ac t i v i t y 5, Using Fossil Evidence to Investigate Whale Evolution, you 8 Studying Hominids In ac t i v i t y 5, Using Fossil Evidence to Investigate Whale Evolution, you were working with evidence for the evolution of the whale lineage. A lineage is a series of populations

More information

Human Ancestry (Learning Objectives)

Human Ancestry (Learning Objectives) Human Ancestry (Learning Objectives) 1. Identify the characters shared by all primates and relate them to the function they served in their common ancestor. 2. Learn the fields study of Human evolution

More information

Slide 1 of 64. End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. Respiration. Slide 5 of 64

Slide 1 of 64. End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall. Respiration. Slide 5 of 64 33-3 Form and Function in Chordates Chordates Vertebrate organ systems exhibit a wide range of complexity. This is seen in the different ways that vertebrates feed, breathe, respond, move, and reproduce.

More information

Fishes are vertebrates that have characteristics allowing them to live and reproduce in water.

Fishes are vertebrates that have characteristics allowing them to live and reproduce in water. Section 1: are vertebrates that have characteristics allowing them to live and reproduce in water. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the features of

More information

Invertebrate Chordates

Invertebrate Chordates Invertebrate Chordates Chapter 11.2 - Fishes And Invertebrate Chordates... Invertebrate Chordates Lancelets Filter feed and spend most of their time buried in the sand. Only 2 invertebrate chordates Tunicates

More information

Characteris*c s of Living Things 1. Chemical Uniqueness: Molecular Organization

Characteris*c s of Living Things 1. Chemical Uniqueness: Molecular Organization Characteris*c s of Living Things 1. Chemical Uniqueness: Molecular Organization 2. Hierarchical Organization: macromolecules - > Cells - >Organs - >Organ systems 3. Reproduction 4. Genetic Programs 5.

More information

Lecture 3 - Early Fishes

Lecture 3 - Early Fishes Lecture 3 - Early Fishes 1. Early Chordates 2. Conodonts 3. Early Vertebrates 4. Jawless fishes 5. Agnatha/ Gnathostomes junction 6. Placoderms 7. Chondrichthyes Cephalochordates (lancelets) Early Chordates

More information

Aquatic vertebrates that are characterized by:

Aquatic vertebrates that are characterized by: Aquatic vertebrates that are characterized by: Paired fins Used for movement Scales Used for protection Gills Used for exchanging gases Fishes were the first vertebrates to evolve The evolution of jaws

More information

What is a Fish? Fishes are aquatic vertebrates. Most fishes have paired fins, scales, and gills.

What is a Fish? Fishes are aquatic vertebrates. Most fishes have paired fins, scales, and gills. What is a Fish? Fishes are aquatic vertebrates. Most fishes have paired fins, scales, and gills. Feeding and Digestion Every mode of feeding is seen in fish herbivores, carnivores, parasites, filter feeders,

More information

1. Primate evolution provides a context for understanding human origins

1. Primate evolution provides a context for understanding human origins 1. Primate evolution provides a context for understanding human origins Primates are monkeys, lemurs, tarsiers and apes (including us!). Compared to other mammals Most primates have hands and feet adapted

More information

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA. GY 112: Earth History. Lectures 28 and 29: Vertebrates. Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA. GY 112: Earth History. Lectures 28 and 29: Vertebrates. Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Lectures 28 and 29: Vertebrates Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Last Time Plants 1) The first plants (Archean-Proterozoic) 2) Diversification (Paleozoic-Mesozoic)

More information

Chapter 14: PRIMATE EVOLUTION

Chapter 14: PRIMATE EVOLUTION Chapter 14: PRIMATE EVOLUTION PRIMATES What is a primate? Features that are unique to primates: -Present in primates -Absent in closely related groups Outgroup Ingroup Character A present Character A absent

More information

Phylum Chordata:

Phylum Chordata: The Chordates: Putting a Backbone Into Spineless Animals Note: These links do not work. Use the links within the outline to access the mages in the popup windows. This text is the same as the scrolling

More information

Ch17_Animals. Animals Multicellular eukaryotes. What is an animal? Animal development. Main differences with plants Main differences with fungi

Ch17_Animals. Animals Multicellular eukaryotes. What is an animal? Animal development. Main differences with plants Main differences with fungi Animals Multicellular eukaryotes Domain Domain Kingdoms Main differences with plants Main differences with fungi What is an animal? Domain Nutritional mode: Heterotrophic (Ingestive) Level of organization:

More information

FISHES. Agnatha Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes

FISHES. Agnatha Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes FISHES Agnatha Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes General Characteristics! Ectothermic! Vertebrates! Have scales! Swim with fins! Almost all exclusively aquatic! Filter oxygen from water over gills Classes of

More information

Chapter 17: Human Evolution

Chapter 17: Human Evolution Chapter 17: Human Evolution Classification Hierarchy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Chordate Mammal Primates Hominids Homo Sapiens Important Vocabulary Scientist who studies fossil

More information

5/3/15. Vertebrate Evolution Traces a Long and Diverse History. Construction of Complex Chordate Bodies Begins on a Stiffening Scaffold

5/3/15. Vertebrate Evolution Traces a Long and Diverse History. Construction of Complex Chordate Bodies Begins on a Stiffening Scaffold Construction of Complex Chordate Bodies Begins on a Stiffening Scaffold Chordata is the most advanced animal phylum. All chordates have, at some time during development, a notochord. Both invertebrate

More information

chordates (S3.O1.d / S3.O2.e)

chordates (S3.O1.d / S3.O2.e) Comparing invertebrates and Vocab Chap 29 & 33 chordates (S3.O1.d / S3.O2.e) 1. Radial symmetry 2. Bilateral symmetry 3. Cephalization 4. Coelom 5. Intracellular digestion 6. Extracellular digestion 7.

More information

Course: Biology 211 Iowa State University

Course: Biology 211 Iowa State University Leader: Elizabeth Supplemental Instruction Course: Biology 211 Iowa State University Instructor: Dr. Deitloff Date: 2/27/14 Exam 2: Chapters 31 through 34 and information from guest lecturer 50 questions

More information

Chapter 10. Part 1: Cartilaginous Fishes

Chapter 10. Part 1: Cartilaginous Fishes Chapter 10 Part 1: Cartilaginous Fishes Objectives Understand how hagfishes and lampreys differ from all other fishes. Describe how sharks, skates, and rays are related. Differentiate between cartilaginous

More information

Unit 13 - Vertebrates Student Guided Notes

Unit 13 - Vertebrates Student Guided Notes Chordates Unit 13 - Vertebrates Student Guided Notes General Characteristics of Phylum Chordata Although not the largest, Chordates are the most diverse phylum in the animal kingdom. Chordates have at

More information

1) Which of the following is NOT a class in the phylum Porifera: a) Aschelminthes b) Hexactinellida c) Calcareous d) Demosponges

1) Which of the following is NOT a class in the phylum Porifera: a) Aschelminthes b) Hexactinellida c) Calcareous d) Demosponges Martha - Porifera: 1) Which of the following is NOT a class in the phylum Porifera: a) Aschelminthes b) Hexactinellida c) Calcareous d) Demosponges 2) What can sponges NOT be used for: a) Arts b) Bathing

More information

Chapter 25: Fishes 1

Chapter 25: Fishes 1 Chapter 25: Fishes 1 2 Jawless Fishes (Agnatha) Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes) Bony Fishes (Osteichthyes) Lamprey Whale shark Scorpion fish 3 Gills Single-loop Blood Circulation Vertebral column

More information

Figure 33.25a Free-living nematode

Figure 33.25a Free-living nematode Figure 33.25a Free-living nematode Bilateraly symmetrical Pseudocoelomates Body covered with secreated, flexible cuticle. No cilia Only longitudinal muscles. No protonephridia Muscular pharynx Gonochoristic

More information

FI F SH A ND F I F SHES E SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA

FI F SH A ND F I F SHES E SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA FISH AND FISHES SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA 24,600 LIVING SPECIES FUN FACTS THAT S MORE THAN TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS! EARTH IS 70% WATER BUT LESS THAN.1% OF THE WATER ON THE PLANET IS FRESHWATER 41% OF FISH SPECIES

More information

Chapter 29 Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates. Section Echinoderms. I. What Is An Echinoderm? 11/1/2010. Biology II Mrs.

Chapter 29 Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates. Section Echinoderms. I. What Is An Echinoderm? 11/1/2010. Biology II Mrs. Chapter 29 Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates Section 29.1 - Echinoderms Biology II Mrs. Michaelsen I. What Is An Echinoderm? A. Move by means of hydraulic, suction cuptipped appendages. B. Skin covered

More information

Sponges are considered the oldest of the animal phyla. The name Porifera means "pore bearer" in Latin.

Sponges are considered the oldest of the animal phyla. The name Porifera means pore bearer in Latin. Animals All animals are members of the Kingdom Animalia, also called Metazoa. This Kingdom does not contain prokaryotes (Kingdom Monera, includes bacteria, blue green algae) or protists (Kingdom Protista,

More information

Class XI Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom Biology

Class XI Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom Biology Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom Question 1: What are the difficulties that you would face in classification of animals, if common fundamental features are not taken into account? For the classification of living

More information

Chordate Animals. Objectives: Chordate characteristics

Chordate Animals. Objectives: Chordate characteristics Chordate Animals Objectives: Be able to identify the four traits shared by chordates: notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits/pouches, post-anal tail. Be able to map the following traits

More information